EP0862239B1 - Antenne a frequences multiples - Google Patents

Antenne a frequences multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0862239B1
EP0862239B1 EP97939221A EP97939221A EP0862239B1 EP 0862239 B1 EP0862239 B1 EP 0862239B1 EP 97939221 A EP97939221 A EP 97939221A EP 97939221 A EP97939221 A EP 97939221A EP 0862239 B1 EP0862239 B1 EP 0862239B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
gps
base
frequency antenna
circuit board
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97939221A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0862239A4 (fr
EP0862239A1 (fr
Inventor
Hirotsugu Nippon Antena Kabushiki K. IMAHIGASHI
Jinichi Nippon Antena Kabushiki Kaisha . INOUE
Tsuneo Nippon Antena Kabushiki Kaisha . EHARA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Antenna Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nippon Antenna Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Antenna Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Antenna Co Ltd
Publication of EP0862239A1 publication Critical patent/EP0862239A1/fr
Publication of EP0862239A4 publication Critical patent/EP0862239A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0862239B1 publication Critical patent/EP0862239B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1207—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element
    • H01Q1/1214—Supports; Mounting means for fastening a rigid aerial element through a wall
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multifrequency antenna for example capable of receiving 4 wavebands, portable radiophone bands, FM radio bands, AM radio bands and GPS bands, and more particularly to an antenna that is well-suited for use as a roof antenna, which is mounted to the roof of a car body.
  • an FM radio and AM radio are generally provided inside a car body, an antenna capable of receiving both FM radio bands and AM radio bands is convenient, and roof antennas, which are capable of receiving and sharing the use of both radio bands are in widespread use.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • portable radiophones have been gaining popularity recently, and a GPS antenna is attached to a car body for a car navigation system, and a portable radiophone antenna is attached to a car body for a portable radiophone.
  • a keyless entry antenna is also attached to a car body.
  • the retractable rod antenna 101 is a 3-waveband antenna capable of receiving portable radiophone bands, FM radio bands and AM radio bands
  • the flat radiating element 102 is a GPS antenna, which receives GPS signals
  • the loop radiating element 103 is a keyless entry antenna, which receives keyless entry signals.
  • Each of these antennas is mounted on the upper surface of a main unit 100.
  • a metal plate 104 is provided on the upper part of the main unit 100, and the flat radiating element 102 and loop radiating element 103 are formed on top of the plate 104 with a dielectric layer between them. Because this plate functions as the ground plane, the flat radiating element 102 and loop radiating element 103 are operated as microstrip antennas.
  • a protective cover 105 is also formed on top of the flat radiating element 102 and loop radiating element 103.
  • the multi-frequency antenna can be mounted to the trunk lid or fender of a car body, but it cannot be mounted to a location such as the roof, where a storage space does not exist.
  • a keyless entry loop radiating element 103 when a keyless entry loop radiating element 103 is provided so that it surrounds the flat radiating element 102, which is the GPS antenna, since the angle of elevation of a GPS radio wave is often a low angle of elevation, depending on the position of the GPS satellite, this can have an extremely adverse affect on the sensitivity of the GPS antenna.
  • JP 7 94929 Another prior art multi-frequency antenna is disclosed in JP 7 94929. However no GPS antenna is provided.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-frequency antenna, which can be mounted to an elevated location such as the roof of a car body, where a storage space does not exist, and which is designed so as not to adversely affect the operation of a GPS antenna.
  • the invention provides a multi-frequency antenna as set out in claim 1.
  • the above-described multi-frequency antenna can be affixed to the roof of a car body, and the above-described GPS antenna storage part is formed using a lug that encloses the entire circumference of the above-described GPS antenna.
  • the above-described GPS antenna storage part is designed so as to shield a circuit board, which is positioned on the rear face of the above-described GPS antenna.
  • the above-described antenna element is inclined approximately 20° to 35° from a vertical position.
  • an antenna storage part is not required in the lower part of the multi-frequency antenna, when mounted to a car body, it becomes possible to mount this antenna in an elevated location such as the roof, where no storage space exists. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a situation wherein a car body or other object to which a multi-frequency antenna is mounted blocks the GPS radio waves intended for the GPS antenna, thus making it impossible to receive these GPS radio waves.
  • the circuit board is positioned orthogonal to the GPS antenna, the grounding effect of the GPS antenna can be enhanced. And furthermore, the fact that the circuit board is arranged in a standing condition, and the antenna element is arranged in an inclined condition enables affects on the GPS antenna to be prevented as much as possible even when GPS radio waves arrive at a low angle of elevation.
  • the GPS antenna can be operated in a stable condition.
  • FIG. 1 Exploded oblique views depicting the configuration of an embodiment for the multi-frequency antenna of the present invention are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
  • the antenna element 1 comprises a linear element 1-1, a wind noise prevention means 1-2, which wraps coil-like around element 1-1; and an antenna base 1-3, which is molded from a flexible synthetic resin such as rubber.
  • a trap coil can be inserted inside this antenna base 1-3 and connected to element 1-1.
  • a breakage-prevention coil spring which is part of the antenna element 1, can also be provided inside the antenna base 1-3.
  • a fastening screw 1-4 for mounting the antenna element 1 to a cover 2 is provided so as to protrude from the bottom of this antenna element 1.
  • the electrical length from the tip of the antenna element 1 to the fastening screw 1-4 which is the tip of the antenna base, is approximately 1 ⁇ 4 the wavelength of the FM radio band
  • the electrical length from the fastening screw 1-4 to the bottom of the trap coil inside the antenna base 1-3 is approximately 1 ⁇ 4 the wavelength of the portable radiophone band.
  • an element connection fitting 2-7 into which the fastening screw 1-4 provided at the bottom of the antenna element 1 is screwed, is provided in a watertight condition on the cover 2, to which the antenna element 1 is affixed.
  • this cover is configured so as to be fitted to the Fig. 2-depicted base 3, which is covered over its entire surface with a metal or conductive plating.
  • a board bracket 12 which is prepared by processing a metal plate, is fastened to the base 3.
  • a connection piece 7 for electrically connecting the antenna element 1 to the matching board 9 is affixed using solder, and a connection screw 4, which is inserted into the center of the element connection fitting 2-7 provided on the top of the cover 2, is screwed, together with a waterproof washer, to this connection piece 7, thereby connecting the element connection fitting 2-7 electrically to the connection piece 7.
  • a storage part 3-10 which stores a rectangular GPS antenna 10, is formed in the base 3, and the GPS antenna 10 is stored inside this storage part 3-10, together with a wave-shaped wave spring 11. Then, when the cover 2 is fitted onto and fastened to the base 3, the GPS antenna 10 is pressed against the base 3 by a presser lug formed inside the cover 2, and the GPS antenna 10 is held inside the storage part 3-10.
  • the cover 2 is affixed to the base 3 by screwing 4 fastening screws 14 from the backside of the base 3 into screw holes formed on the inside of the cover 2.
  • a fastening screw part 3-9 which is inserted into a mounting hole formed in a car body or other object to which a multi-frequency antenna is mounted, protrudes from the backside of the base 3, and on O ring 13 is inserted into this fastening screw part 3-9 to make it waterproof.
  • a buffer pad 15 comprising a flexible material is fitted onto the bottom part of the base 3. This makes it possible to prevent scratching the object to which a multi-frequency antenna is being mounted when mounting the multi-frequency antenna to this object by screwing a nut 16 onto the fastening screw part 3-9, which protrudes to the backside of the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted.
  • a power cord 18, GPS cable 19, telephone cable 20, and radio cable 21 are drawn into the inside of the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted by passing them through a through hole formed in the base 3, and through the cylindrical-shaped fastening screw part 3-9.
  • the ground parts of the telephone cable 20 and radio cable 21 are connected electrically by a ground bracket 17, and both cables are bound together. Then, using a binding means 22, these are bound together with the power cord 18.
  • respective connectors for connection are provided at the ends of each cable and the cord.
  • Fig. 3 (a) shows a cross-sectional view
  • Fig. 3 (b) shows a front view of the thus-configured multi-frequency antenna of the present invention when it is assembled.
  • Fig. 4 (a) shows the configuration of the inside of the cover 2
  • Fig. 4 (b) shows the configuration of the upper surface of the base 3. The following is a description of the multi-frequency antenna of the present invention with reference to these figures.
  • connection screw 4 which is inserted into the element connection fitting 2-7 integrated into the cover 2, is screwed into the connection piece 7, which is fastened to the matching board 9. Therefore, a signal received by the antenna element 1, which is screwed into the element connection fitting 2-7, is guided to the matching board 9 via the element connection fitting 2-7 and connection screw 4. And then, each received signal, which is split and amplified in the matching board 9 and amp board 8 (not shown in the figure), is guided to the inside of the car body, which is the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is mounted, by the telephone cable 20 and radio cable 21.
  • the telephone cable 20 and radio cable 21 are drawn out through the fastening screw part 3-9, which is formed into a cylindrical shape.
  • the matching board 9 and amp board 8 are affixed so they are in a standing condition in the board bracket 12.
  • the ground parts of both boards 8, 9 are connected electrically to the board bracket 12 at this time, and it is further grounded to the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is mounted via the base 3.
  • the GPS antenna 10 is stored and held in the space formed by the cover 2 and base 3.
  • the GPS antenna 10 is rectangular in shape, and the GPS antenna is stored in a rectangular storage part 3-10, which comprises a lug 3-1, which is arranged in a standing condition on the base 3 so as to enclose the periphery of this GPS antenna 10.
  • the top surface of this GPS antenna 10 is pressed by presser lugs 2-2, which are formed at 4 locations on the inner surface of the cover 2. This holds the GPS antenna 10 inside the storage part 3-10.
  • a lug 2-1 which is practically the same shape as the lug 3-1 formed in the base 3, and which enables the storage of the GPS antenna 10, is formed opposite the lug 3-1 .
  • a wave spring 11 is inserted under the GPS antenna 10 so as to securely hold the GPS antenna 10 inside the storage part 3-10.
  • a circuit board which incorporates circuits that process GPS signals, is provided on the rear face of the GPS antenna 10. Because this circuit board is positioned inside the conductive storage part 3-10, it is shielded by the storage part 3-10. Therefore, the GPS antenna 10 is able to operate stably, and GPS signals are guided via the GPS cable 19 to the inside of the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is mounted.
  • a groove 3-8 for drawing out the GPS cable 19 is formed in the lug 3-1, and the GPS cable 19, which is inserted into this groove 3-8, is pressed and held by a cable presser lug 2-8, which is formed so as to further protrude from the lug 2-1 formed in the cover 2.
  • a grooved part 2-6 is formed around the entire periphery of the bottom part of the cover 2, and a waterproof packing 6 is inserted into this grooved part 2-6.
  • a lug part 3-6 which is fitted into this grooved part 2-6, is formed around the entire periphery of the base 3. Consequently, as shown in the figure, when the cover 2 is fitted to the base 3, the lug part 3-6 presses against the waterproof packing 6 to create a water tight fit.
  • a metal or conductive plating is formed over the entire surface of the base 3, making it conductive.
  • a flexible pad 15 is positioned on the bottom surface of the base 3, [the base 3] is placed and held on top of the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted, and the fastening screw part 3-9 is inserted into a rectangular mounting hole formed in the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted.
  • the base 3 is affixed to the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted by screwing a nut 16 onto the fastening screw part 3-9, which protrudes to the rear face of the object to which the multi-frequency antenna is being mounted.
  • the GPS antenna 10 is arranged practically parallel to the base 3, but the amp board 8 and matching board 9 are arranged in a standing condition.
  • the antenna element 1 is mounted in an inclined condition of approximately 20° to 35° relative to a vertical line. Consequently, even if a GPS satellite has a low angle of elevation, the affects of the antenna element 1 on the GPS antenna 10 can be prevented as much as possible.
  • the board bracket 12 is prepared by processing a metal plate as shown in Fig. 5, with a pair of circuit board clamps 12-1, 12-2 formed on each of the two long sides.
  • This circuit board clamp 12-1 is the clamp that secures the matching board 9
  • circuit board clamp 12-2 is the clamp that secures the amp board 8.
  • Circuit board clamps 12-1, 12-2 are bifurcated, and the space between the two parts is practically equivalent to the thickness of the circuit boards 8, 9.
  • the circuit boards 8, 9 are positioned by mating the notches 8-2, 9-2 formed in the circuit boards 8, 9, respectively, with the circuit board clamps 12-1, 12-2.
  • the circuit boards 8, 9 are affixed to the board bracket 12 by soldering the ground parts 8-1, 9-1 of the circuit boards 8, 9 to the circuit board clamps 12-1, 12-2.
  • the ground parts 8-1, 9-1 of the circuit boards 8, 9 are connected electrically to the board bracket 12 at this time.
  • a pair of raised tabs 12-3 are used as cable support raised tabs for the GPS cable. Furthermore, another pair of raised tabs 12-4 are raised tabs for affixing by soldering a ground bracket 17 described below, and through hole 12-5 is a through hole for passing various cables through.
  • fitting hole 12-7 formed in 3 locations are fitting holes which mate with fitting lugs 3-11 formed in the above-described base 3 shown in Fig. 4 (b).
  • the board bracket 12 is positioned on the base 3 by this mating, and it is affixed by squeezing the fitting lugs 3-11.
  • Fig. 6 (a) is a side view of the ground bracket 17
  • Fig. 6 (b) is a front view of the ground bracket 17
  • Fig. 6 (c) is a top view of the ground bracket 17.
  • a holder 17-3 which holds a relatively thick radio cable 21, and a holder 17-4, which holds a relatively thin telephone cable 20, are formed in the ground bracket 17.
  • These holders 17-3, 17-4 hold the respective cables 20, 21, which are soldered from a window part 17-2 formed in the side. This connects the ground bracket 17 electrically to the ground parts of the cables 20, 21.
  • an overhang part 17-1 protrudes from the side of the ground bracket 17. This overhang part 17-1 is soldered to the soldering part 12-6 between the pair of raised tabs 12-4 on the board bracket 12 shown in Fig. 5.
  • the antenna element 1 in the multi-frequency antenna of the present invention is a 3-frequency antenna, but the present invention is not limited to this type of antenna element .
  • a 2-frequency AM band and FM band antenna can also be used.
  • the present invention is configured as described above, there is no need for an antenna storage part on the bottom of the multi-frequency antenna, and when mounting [the present invention] to a car body, it can be mounted to a high location such as the roof where a storage space does not exist. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the GPS radio waves received by a GPS antenna from being blocked by the car body or other object to which the present invention is mounted.
  • the circuit board is positioned perpendicular to the GPS antenna, the grounding effect of the GPS antenna can be enhanced. And further, the fact that the circuit board is arranged in a standing condition, and the antenna element is positioned in an inclined condition, enables the affects on the GPS antenna to be prevented as much as possible even when GPS radio waves arrive at a low angle of elevation.
  • the GPS antenna can be stably operated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de recevoir des signaux GPS de façon stable et afin d'être reliée à une position arbitraire de la carrosserie d'un véhicule, une antenne GPS (10) est incorporée dans une enceinte (2) conjointement à un substrat d'adaptation (9), et autres. Un élément d'antenne (1) est connecté audit substrat (9). Etant donné que le substrat (9) et autres est installé dans une position dressée, l'effet de mise à la terre de l'antenne (10) est amélioré et, en même temps, l'antenne (10) ne reçoit aucune influence négative, même lorsque l'angle d'élévation par rapport à un satellite GPS est faible. Dès lors que l'élément d'antenne (1) est connecté au substrat (9) selon un angle par rapport à la verticale, l'antenne (10) ne reçoit aucune influence négative, même lorsque l'angle d'élévation par rapport au satellite GPS devient plus faible.

Claims (4)

  1. Antenne à fréquences multiples, comprenant :
    un élément d'antenne fouet (1), capable de recevoir au moins les bandes radio AM et les bandes radio FM ; et
    un boítier d'antenne, qui permet de fixer ledit élément d'antenne (1), et une carte de circuit imprimé (8, 9), laquelle comprend au moins un moyen d'adaptation, un moyen de séparation, et un moyen d'amplification, ledit boítier d'antenne comprenant une base (3) conductrice, et un couvercle (2) qui s'adapte sur ladite base (3), ladite carte de circuit imprimé (8, 9) étant fixée à ladite base (3) en condition debout, ladite antenne à fréquences multiples étant caractérisée en ce que ledit boítier d'antenne renferme intérieurement une antenne GPS (10), et en ce qu'une partie formant conteneur (3-10) d'antenne GPS destinée au montage de l'antenne GPS (10) est intégralement formée dans ladite base (3) de façon à se trouver orthogonale à ladite carte de circuit (8, 9).
  2. Antenne à fréquences multiples selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite antenne est fixée sur le toit d'une carrosserie de voiture.
  3. Antenne à fréquences multiples selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite partie formant conteneur (3-10) d'antenne GPS formée dans ladite base (3) conductrice est formée en utilisant un tenon (3-1) qui entoure la périphérie entière de ladite antenne GPS (10), et une carte de circuit imprimé, qui est positionnée sur la face arrière de ladite antenne GPS (10), est protégée par ladite partie formant conteneur (3-10) d'antenne GPS.
  4. Antenne à fréquences multiples selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit élément d'antenne est incliné de 20° à 35° approximativement à partir d'une position verticale, et est fixé audit boítier d'antenne.
EP97939221A 1996-09-13 1997-09-08 Antenne a frequences multiples Expired - Lifetime EP0862239B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP263744/96 1996-09-13
JP8263744A JP3065949B2 (ja) 1996-09-13 1996-09-13 多周波用アンテナ
JP26374496 1996-09-13
PCT/JP1997/003159 WO1998011624A1 (fr) 1996-09-13 1997-09-08 Antenne a frequences multiples

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0862239A1 EP0862239A1 (fr) 1998-09-02
EP0862239A4 EP0862239A4 (fr) 2001-01-10
EP0862239B1 true EP0862239B1 (fr) 2005-02-23

Family

ID=17393694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97939221A Expired - Lifetime EP0862239B1 (fr) 1996-09-13 1997-09-08 Antenne a frequences multiples

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0862239B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3065949B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100389940B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1136628C (fr)
DE (1) DE69732564T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998011624A1 (fr)

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US10164327B2 (en) 2014-02-10 2018-12-25 Yokowo Co., Ltd. Antenna device
EP4046238B1 (fr) * 2019-11-04 2023-04-19 Audi AG Système d'antenne

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DE10207703B4 (de) 2002-02-22 2005-06-09 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antenne für eine Empfangs- und/oder Sendeeinrichtung insbesondere als Dachantenne für Kraftfahrzeuge
JP2003309411A (ja) * 2002-04-17 2003-10-31 Alps Electric Co Ltd 複合アンテナ
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ITVI20020213A1 (it) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-16 Calearo Srl Coperchio per antenne veicolari.
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JP2004228909A (ja) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-12 Kojima Press Co Ltd 車両用ルーフアンテナ
JP3827159B2 (ja) * 2003-01-23 2006-09-27 株式会社ヨコオ 車載用アンテナ装置
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JP3859630B2 (ja) * 2003-09-26 2006-12-20 クラリオン株式会社 自動車用アンテナ
US6930643B2 (en) * 2003-11-03 2005-08-16 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Antenna module assembly
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JP2006270717A (ja) * 2005-03-25 2006-10-05 Nippon Antenna Co Ltd 車載用アンテナ
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JP4798368B2 (ja) 2006-09-04 2011-10-19 ミツミ電機株式会社 複合アンテナ装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69732564T2 (de) 2006-01-12
DE69732564D1 (de) 2005-03-31
CN1205118A (zh) 1999-01-13
JP3065949B2 (ja) 2000-07-17
KR19990067437A (ko) 1999-08-16
EP0862239A4 (fr) 2001-01-10
EP0862239A1 (fr) 1998-09-02
WO1998011624A1 (fr) 1998-03-19
JPH1093327A (ja) 1998-04-10
CN1136628C (zh) 2004-01-28
KR100389940B1 (ko) 2003-10-24

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