EP0839049A1 - Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee comprenant une hormone de croissance pre-traitee avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium - Google Patents

Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee comprenant une hormone de croissance pre-traitee avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium

Info

Publication number
EP0839049A1
EP0839049A1 EP96922775A EP96922775A EP0839049A1 EP 0839049 A1 EP0839049 A1 EP 0839049A1 EP 96922775 A EP96922775 A EP 96922775A EP 96922775 A EP96922775 A EP 96922775A EP 0839049 A1 EP0839049 A1 EP 0839049A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
growth hormone
formulation
zinc
optionally
calcium ions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96922775A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thorkild Christensen
Per Balschmidt
Hans Holmegaard Soerensen
Ole Hvilsted Olsen
Lars Thim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novo Nordisk AS
Original Assignee
Novo Nordisk AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novo Nordisk AS filed Critical Novo Nordisk AS
Publication of EP0839049A1 publication Critical patent/EP0839049A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stabilized pharmaceutical formulation comprising growth hormone, to a method of making such formulation, to the use of zinc for stabilizing a for- mulation of growth hormone, and to a method for treating a disorder affectable by growth hormone.
  • the growth hormones from man and from the common domestic animals are proteins of approximately 191 amino acids, syn ⁇ thesized and secreted from the anterior lope of the pitui ⁇ tary gland. Human growth hormone consists of 191 amino acids.
  • Growth hormone is a key hormone involved in the regulation of not only somatic growth, but also in the regulation of metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The major effect of growth hormone is to promote growth.
  • the organ systems affected by growth hormone include the skeleton, connective tissue, muscles, and viscera such as liver, intestine, and kidneys.
  • human growth hormone could only be obtained by extraction from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
  • the very limited supplies of growth hormone restricted the use thereof to longitudinal growth promotion in childhood and puberty for treatment of dwarfism, even though it has been proposed for inter alia treatment of short stature (due to growth hormone deficiency, normal short stature and Turner syndrome) , growth hormone deficiency in adults, infertility, treatment of burns, wound healing, dystrophy, bone knitting, osteoporosis, diffuse ga ⁇ stric bleeding, and pseudoarthrosis.
  • growth hormone has been proposed for increasing the rate of growth of domestic animals or for decreasing the proportion of fat in animals to be slaughtered for human consumption.
  • compositions of growth hormone tend to be un ⁇ stable.
  • Degradation products such as deamidated or sulfoxy- dated products and dimer or polymer forms are generated - especially in solutions of growth hormone.
  • the predominant degradation reactions of hGH are 1) deamida ⁇ tion by direct hydrolysis or via a cyclic succinimide intermediate to form various amounts of L-asp-hGH, L-iso- asp-hGH, D-asp-hGH, and D-iso-asp-hGH (ref 1-3), and 2) oxidation of the methionine residues in positions 14 and 125 (ref 4-9) .
  • the major degradation product of hGH in lyophilized state as well as in solution is deamidated hGH.
  • Deamidation especially takes place at the Asn in position 149 and to a minor extent in position 152.
  • hGH is also rather easily oxidized in positions 14 and 125.
  • the oxidation of hGH in solution forming sulfoxides is nor ⁇ mally due to the oxygen dissolved in the formulation.
  • the solubility of oxygen in distilled water is about 200 ⁇ M (9) .
  • concentration of hGH in a formulation comprising 4 IU/ml is 1.3 mg/ml corresponding to 60nM hGH, oxygen will, at normal storing conditions, be present in an excess of about 3000 times the stoichiometric amount for oxidation of hGH. It is not feasible to try to solve the problem by degassing of buffers before tapping and packing the formulations.
  • the kinetics of degradation depend on temperature, pH and various additives or adjuvants in the hGH formulation.
  • growth hormone Due to the instability, growth hormone is, at present, lyophilized and stored in the lyophilized form at 4°C until it is reconstituted for use in order to minimize the degradation.
  • the lyophilized pharmaceutical formulations comprising hGH are, at present, reconstituted by the patient and then stored as a solution during the use for a period of up to 14 days at 4°C, during which some degradation will take place.
  • the growth hormone as late as possible before use and to store and ship the formulation in a lyophilized state.
  • the chain from the manufacturer to the pharmacy is apt for handling the formulations at a controlled low temperature of e.g. 4°C which allows for a long shelf life of up to two years.
  • a formulation should be stable with the end user in a lyophilized state for about one month and additionally for one month in a reconstituted state in a pen device for the intended period of use of a cartridge.
  • the shift in pattern of administration of growth hormone to the use of pen devices calls for a stable dissolved formulation comprising growth hormone in order to facilitate the handling to be- performed by the patient.
  • a stable dissolved formulation comprising growth hormone may be produced ready to use in the form of cartridges fitting into the pen device used by the patient who may then avoid the reconstitution of the formulation and, hence, will not have to be in the possession of a lyophilized formulation, a suitable vehicle for reconstitution as well as the necessary skill and sterile equipment for sterile reconstitution of the formulation. For safety reasons it will also be desirable to avoid the reconstitution of a lyophilized formulation just before the use of the formulation.
  • Lyophilization is a time consuming and costly process and is also often a "bottleneck" in the production due to the limited capacity of the freeze drier.
  • animal growth hormone may be stabilized with various stabilizers to give decreased formation of insolubles and preservation of the soluble activity in aqueous environments, such stabilizers including certain polyols, amino acids, polymers of amino acids having a charged side group at physiological pH, and choline salts.
  • stabilizers including certain polyols, amino acids, polymers of amino acids having a charged side group at physiological pH, and choline salts.
  • Polyols are selected from the group consisting of non-reducing sugars.
  • amino acids are selected from the group consisting of glycine, sarcosine, lysine or salts thereof, serine, arginine or salts thereof, betaine, N,N, -dimethyl-glycine, aspartic acid or salts thereof, glutamic acid or salts thereof;
  • a polymer of an amino acid having a charged side group at physiological pH may be selected from polylysine, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyarginine, polyhistidine, polyornithine and salts thereof; and choline derivatives are selected from the group consisting of choline chloride, choline dihydrogen citrate, choline bitartrate, choline bicarbonate, tricholine citrate, choline ascorbate, choline borate, choline gluconate, choline phosphate, di (choline)
  • US patent specification No. 4,917,685 discloses a delivery device designed to be implanted comprising growth hormone stabilized using the same stabilizers as mentioned in EP 303746.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 93/12811 discloses stabilized formulations of growth hormone in the form of a lyophilized powder or an aqueous solution comprising asparagine.
  • International Patent Publication No. WO 93/12812 discloses stabilized formulations of growth hormone in the form of a lyophilized powder or an aqueous solution comprising histi ⁇ dine. In such formulations the deamidation is reduced by 25- 30% as compared to a corresponding formulation of growth hormone comprising phosphate buffer.
  • crystals may be formed crystallizing growth hormone with zinc in the presence of histidine.
  • WO 93/19776 discloses protein formulations comprising growth hormone comprising citrate as buffer substance being more stable than formula ⁇ tions comprising phosphate buffer.
  • the formulations may also comprise amino acids such as glycine and alanine and/or man- nitol or other sugar alcohols and/or glycerol and/or other carbohydrates and optionally a preservative such as benzyl alcohol.
  • WO 94/03198 discloses a stable aqueous formulation containing human growth hormone, a buffer, a non-ionic surfactant, and, optionally, a neutral salt, mannitol, or, a preservative.
  • WO 92/17200 discloses stable growth hormone metal ion formulations in the form of dimers showing stability to denaturation.
  • the formulations may comprise glycine and optionally additionally alanine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine, such amino acids being particularly advantageous when lyophilizing the formulation to create a sufficient mass to form a stable, dry caked formulation.
  • a formulation of hu ⁇ man growth hormone with zinc and optionally lysine or cal ⁇ cium ions before preparation of the final formulation shows a very high stability against deamidation in aqueous solution and is furthermore readily dissolvable in aqueous solvents when lyophilized.
  • the stability of the product allows for the storing and shipment thereof in a lyophilized state or in the form of a dissolved or re-dissolved formula ⁇ tion.
  • the pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be formulated for administration in any suitable way, e.g. by parenteral or oral administration or administration to a mucosal membrane, e.g. nasal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation may be presented in the form of a dose comprised in a vial or cartridge or any other suitable container such as a prefilled syringe or a pen device.
  • the formulation of the invention may be in the form of a lyophilized powder to be reconstituted later using conven ⁇ tional vehicles such as distilled water or water for injec- tion or in the form of a solution comprising growth hormone.
  • Such vehicles may comprise conventional preservatives such as phenol, m-cresol and benzyl alcohol.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation of human growth hormone pre ⁇ treated with zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions and further comprising a carrier in the form of a buffered ague ⁇ ous solution of growth hormone.
  • Such formulation is in a ready-to-use form and may be stored and shipped as an aque- ous solution without any considerable degradation.
  • a buffer to be used in a solution of pre-treated growth hor ⁇ mone may e.g. be histidine, citrate, tartrate or phosphate buffer.
  • the buffer is histidine buffer.
  • the pre-treatment solution is preferably adjusted to a value in the interval from about 2 to about 9, more preferred to pH from 6 to 8, especially to about 7-7.3.
  • the pH in the final formulation of pre-treated growth hormone is preferably adjusted to a value of about 2 to about 9, more preferred to a value of about 6 to about 8, especially to a value of about 6.0 to about 6.8.
  • zinc is preferably added in an amount of up to 2mM, preferably from about 1 to about 4 moles Zn per mol of growth hormone, preferably about 1 to 2 moles Zn per mole growth hormone, most preferred about 1 mol Zn per mol growth hormone.
  • Zinc is preferably added in the form of a physiologically acceptable soluble salt such as the chloride.
  • Calcium ions when present are preferably added in the form of a physiologically acceptable soluble salt such as the chloride.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention may further ⁇ more comprise salts or sugar alcohols for adjusting the tonicity and optionally an excipient in order to facilitate the processing thereof, e.g. lyophilization and the rapid and complete dissolution of a lyophilized formulation when reconstituting the formulation before use.
  • An excipient may be selected from disaccharides such as lac ⁇ tose, trehalose, and sucrose, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or mannitol, polysaccharides such as the polymers commercialized as Dextran® products such as Dextran® 40,
  • Dextran® 70 or Dextran® 75, and Ficoll® and polyvalent alcohols such as polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of two or more of these.
  • the invention relates to a method of preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a growth hormone pre-treated with zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions wherein the growth hormone is dissolved in a solution comprising zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions by dissolving zinc chloride in deionized water optio ⁇ nally containing lysine or calcium ions, letting the solution stand for a while, adding the growth hormone and optionally adjusting the pH to from about 2 to about 9.
  • the pH may be adjusted by adding an acid which has no adverse effect on the growth hormone, preferably a physiologically acceptable acid e.g. a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid.
  • a physiologically acceptable acid e.g. a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid.
  • a physiologically acceptable acid e.g. a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid or an organic acid such as acetic acid.
  • Still another aspect of the invention relates to the use of zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions for pre-treatment of growth hormone for the formulation of a stabilized formu ⁇ lation of growth hormone.
  • the invention relates to a method for treating a disorder affectable by growth hormone comprising administering a formulation which comprises a growth hormone pre-treated with zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions.
  • growth hormone may be growth hormone from any origin such as avian, bovine, equine, human, ovine, porcine, salmon, trout or tuna growth hormone, preferably bovine, human or porcine growth hormone, human growth hormone being most preferred.
  • the growth hormone used in accordance with the invention may be native growth hormone isolated from a natural source, e.g. by extracting pituitary glands in a conventional manner, or a growth hormone produced by recombinant techniques, e.g as described in E.B. Jensen and S. Carlsen in Biotech and Bioeng. 3_6, 1- 11 (1990) .
  • the "growth hormone” may also be a truncated form of growth hormone wherein one or more amino acid residues has (have) been deleted; an analogue thereof wherein one or more amino acid residues in the native molecule has (have) been substituted by another amino acid residue, preferably a natural amino acid residue, as long as the substitution does not have any adverse effect such as antigenicity or reduced action; or a derivative thereof, e.g having an N- or C- terminal extension such as Met-hGH.
  • the preferred growth hormone is hGH.
  • dose of growth hormone refers to that amount that provides therapeutic effect in an administration regimen.
  • the formulations hereof are prepared containing amounts of hGH at least about 0.1 mg/ml, preferably upwards of about 10 mg/ml, preferably from about 1 mg/ml to about 40 mg/ml, more preferably from about 1 mg/ml to about 25 mg/ml, e.g. from 1 mg/ml to about 5 mg/ml, calculated on the ready-to-use formulation.
  • these compositions for use of these compositions in administration to human beings suffering from hypopituitary dwarfism, for example, these formulations contain from about 0.1 mg/ml to about 10 mg/ml, corresponding to the currently contemplated dosage regimen for the intended treatment.
  • the concentration range is not critical to the invention and may be varied by the physician supervising the administration.
  • Lysine to be used in accordance with the present invention is preferably the naturally occurring alpha amino acid.
  • the lysine may be 1 or d lysine or a mixture thereof.
  • high stability is obtained when the formulation is more stable than the conventional formulation comprising phosphate buffer and preferably as stable as a corresponding formulation comprising histidine as stabilizer in which the deamidation of hGH is reduced by approximately 20% as compared with phosphate buffer as disclosed in WO 93/12812.
  • the solvent used in the method of the invention may be water, alcohols such as ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent may comprise a preservative such as phenol, m-cresol or benzyl alcohol.
  • pre-treated is used in the present context in connection with growth hormone formulations to designate a growth hormone which is treated with zinc and optionally lysine or calcium ions before the addition of or to the further components for preparation of a growth hormone for ⁇ mulation.
  • the hGH formulations were prepared by dissolving 24 mg hGH in 2.5 ml of a) 2 mM CaC12 2 + 0.36 mM ZnCl 2 , pH 7-7.3, b) 2 M lysine + 0.36 mM ZnCl 2 , pH 7-7.3 or c) 0.36 mM ZnCl 2 , pH 7-7.3.
  • the preparations a)-c) were reformulated using a PD10 desalting column (Pharmacia) into 3 ml 6 mM histidine, 0.36 mM ZnCl 2 , 8 mg/ml hGH. Thereafter 3 ml 3% benzyl alcohol were added resulting in a final formulation of 4 mg/ml hGH, 3 mM histidine, 0.18 mM ZnCl 2 , 1.5% benzyl alcohol, (pH adjusted to 6.8 adding HCl/NaOH) .

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
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Abstract

Une formulation pharmaceutique comprenant une hormone de croissance pré-traitée avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium présente une très haute stabilité contre la déamidation, l'oxidation et le clivage de liaisons peptidiques. La stabilité du produit permet son stockage et son expédition à l'état lyophilisé ou sous la forme d'une formulation dissoute ou redissoute à température ambiante.
EP96922775A 1995-07-14 1996-06-28 Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee comprenant une hormone de croissance pre-traitee avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium Withdrawn EP0839049A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US119395P 1995-07-14 1995-07-14
US1193P 1995-07-14
PCT/DK1996/000293 WO1997003692A1 (fr) 1995-07-14 1996-06-28 Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee comprenant une hormone de croissance pre-traitee avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0839049A1 true EP0839049A1 (fr) 1998-05-06

Family

ID=21694837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96922775A Withdrawn EP0839049A1 (fr) 1995-07-14 1996-06-28 Formulation pharmaceutique stabilisee comprenant une hormone de croissance pre-traitee avec des ions zinc et facultativement lysine ou calcium

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0839049A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11509212A (fr)
KR (1) KR19990028981A (fr)
CN (1) CN1190897A (fr)
AU (1) AU715997B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9609741A (fr)
CA (1) CA2226523A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ9498A3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9802287A3 (fr)
IL (1) IL122583A0 (fr)
NO (1) NO980155L (fr)
PL (1) PL324379A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997003692A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA965368B (fr)

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MX9800358A (es) 1998-07-31
NO980155D0 (no) 1998-01-13
KR19990028981A (ko) 1999-04-15
AU715997B2 (en) 2000-02-17
CA2226523A1 (fr) 1997-02-06
HUP9802287A3 (en) 2000-10-30
ZA965368B (en) 1997-01-14
HUP9802287A2 (hu) 1999-02-01
AU6353496A (en) 1997-02-18
JPH11509212A (ja) 1999-08-17
NO980155L (no) 1998-01-13
PL324379A1 (en) 1998-05-25
CZ9498A3 (cs) 1998-06-17
BR9609741A (pt) 1999-03-16
CN1190897A (zh) 1998-08-19
WO1997003692A1 (fr) 1997-02-06
IL122583A0 (en) 1998-06-15

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