EP0740236B1 - Unité de commande numérique - Google Patents

Unité de commande numérique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0740236B1
EP0740236B1 EP96111947A EP96111947A EP0740236B1 EP 0740236 B1 EP0740236 B1 EP 0740236B1 EP 96111947 A EP96111947 A EP 96111947A EP 96111947 A EP96111947 A EP 96111947A EP 0740236 B1 EP0740236 B1 EP 0740236B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
feedrate
workpiece
axis
rules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96111947A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0740236A3 (fr
EP0740236A2 (fr
Inventor
Tomomitsu Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Niwa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Publication of EP0740236A2 publication Critical patent/EP0740236A2/fr
Publication of EP0740236A3 publication Critical patent/EP0740236A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0740236B1 publication Critical patent/EP0740236B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
    • G05B19/4163—Adaptive control of feed or cutting velocity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/402—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for positioning, e.g. centring a tool relative to a hole in the workpiece, additional detection means to correct position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/41—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by interpolation, e.g. the computation of intermediate points between programmed end points to define the path to be followed and the rate of travel along that path
    • G05B19/4103—Digital interpolation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N7/00—Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models
    • G06N7/02—Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models using fuzzy logic
    • G06N7/04—Physical realisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34065—Fuzzy logic, controller
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34077—Fuzzy, rules are function of material, tool used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34078—Membership functions as parameters for shape pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
    • G05B2219/34079—Extract only rules needed to obtain result
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35286—Run tape without machining, tape proving, dry run, test run
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35569—Single block format indicates change of speed at start and end
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
    • G05B2219/36214—Pocket machining, area clearance, contained cutting, axis milling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43009—Acceleration deceleration for each block of data, segment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43129—Speed as function of curvature, in curves, corners smaller than in straight line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43137—Constant path speed for combined rotational and linear movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43141—Surface, path, tangential speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43151—Rapid feed in, slow workspeed during entering material, then high work speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/43—Speed, acceleration, deceleration control ADC
    • G05B2219/43152—Feed in, transfer line, rapid traverse to work, grip speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49121—C-axis for turning, fifth axis for milling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49143—Obstacle, collision avoiding control, move so that no collision occurs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50054—Drill on skew surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50109—Soft approach, engage, retract, escape, withdraw path for tool to workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S706/00—Data processing: artificial intelligence
    • Y10S706/90—Fuzzy logic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a numerically controlled machine tool and especially to the tool feedrate control of a numerical control unit.
  • a numerical control unit performs numerical control processing in accordance with a machining program instructed from paper tape or the like and drives a machine tool according to the results of said processing, causing a workpiece to be machined as instructed.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a numerical control unit known in the art.
  • a machining program read from a tape reader 11 is stored into a memory 12. When it is executed, the machining program is read from the memory 12 on a block basis.
  • the program is first processed by a controller 17 containing a central processing unit (CPU), a control program memory, etc.
  • the controller 17 then performs numerical control processing in accordance with the machining program, driving the servo motor of a machine tool 1 to move a table or a tool post according to a move command or carrying out control, such as machine tool 1 coolant ON/OFF, spindle forward rotation/reverse rotation/stop, via a control box 13.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • control program memory etc.
  • the controller 17 then performs numerical control processing in accordance with the machining program, driving the servo motor of a machine tool 1 to move a table or a tool post according to a move command or carrying out control, such as machine tool 1 coolant ON/OFF, spindle
  • the numeral 16 indicates a control panel having controls for giving zeroing, jog and other commands, 14 a manual data input device (referred to as the "MDI") employed to manually enter various data to the controller 17, and 15 a display unit for displaying the current position and other data of the machine, said devices 11 to 17 comprising a computer numerical control unit (referred to as the "CNC unit").
  • the controller 17 in the CNC unit performs predetermined numerical control processing on the basis of the control program and machining program, thereby controlling the machine tool 1.
  • the machining of a workpiece on a machine tool is a removing operation which takes away an unnecessary portion as chips by the relative motion between a tool and the workpiece.
  • machining efficiency is determined by the amount of chips taken away per unit time. To increase the machining efficiency, this chip removal amount per unit time may only maximized. Practically, however, there are certain restrictions, e.g. , the limitation of the load applied to the machine and tool and the accuracy required for a surface to be machined. Moreover, the chip removal amount per unit time is determined by machining conditions. In a turning operation, the machining conditions are workpiece speed per unit time, the relative feedrate of the tool to the workpiece, and the depth of cut by the tool into the workpiece. In a milling operation, the machining conditions are tool speed per unit time, the relative feedrate of the tool to the workpiece, and the depth of cut by the tool into the workpiece.
  • controlling the relative feedrate of the tool to the workpiece preferably is an extremely significant machining element in the removing operation.
  • An unnecessary reduction in this relative feedrate deteriorates the machining efficiency and increases machining time. Its increase over a permissible value adversely affects machining accuracy and overloads the tool, machine, and other system components.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the key components of a known feedrate control section.
  • the machining program is read from the memory 12 in Fig. 1 block by block.
  • Each block is analyzed by the controller 17 and the result of the controller analysis is then fed to a pulse distribution processor 21 as CNC command data 20 in Fig. 2, i.e. , as the move command and feedrate command of each axis.
  • the pulse distribution processor 21 calculates for each axis a travel pulse per unit time from the move command and feedrate command of each axis and feeds them to the servo controller 22 of each axis. This travel pulse is used by the servo controller 22 to drive a servo motor 23 of the machine tool 1.
  • a feedrate F is a vectorial value connecting a starting point and an end point as shown in Fig.
  • the moving axes of a CNC machine tool include straight-motion axes and rotating axes.
  • the straight-motion axes move on a straight line relative to coordinate axes, e.g., X, Y and Z axes shown in Fig. 14 illustrating control axes in the numerical control unit.
  • the rotating axes make a rotary motion relative to the X, Y and Z axes, e.g., A, B and C axes.
  • the CNC unit controls the straight-motion axes and rotating axes in an entirely identical manner, i.e., when controlling the rotating axes, the CNC unit provides move command values as angles and handles all numerical values given for the feedrate F as linear velocity.
  • the CNC unit treats 1° of the rotating axis as equivalent to 1 mm of the straight-motion axis, and processes the operations of the rotating and straight-motion axes equally, even though their operations are totally different inherently.
  • the feedrate in a single specified block is always identical within that single block.
  • the instructed feedrate F is the relative feedrate of the actual workpiece and tool if the straight-motion axes are specified.
  • the rotating axes i.e. , the axes rotating around the X, Y and Z axes
  • Ftx and Fty are represented: "Mathematical Expression 5"
  • Mathematical Expression 6 where r is a distance between the rotating axis center and tool (unit: mm) and ⁇ is an angle between point P1 and X axis at the center of rotation.
  • Mathematical Expressions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 composite velocity Ft is: "Mathematical Expression 7"
  • Ft is velocity at point P1.
  • the value of ⁇ changes and the value of Ft also changes.
  • the angular value instructed must be minimized and the variation of the ⁇ value must be reduced. If the ⁇ value of a portion to be machined is large, therefore, there arises a second problem that the feedrate must be decreased.
  • the machining path may be sectioned and each section controlled by a separate block, requiring the processing of several blocks for an operation.
  • Figs. 5(a) - (c) illustrate a program path in a corner
  • Fig. 5(a) indicating a programmed path and an actual tool path.
  • the programmed path matches the actual tool path.
  • they are always different in corner P due to a tracking delay, etc., in a servo system.
  • a tool 31 turns the corner P at an obtuse angle relative to a workpiece 30 as shown in Fig. 5(b)
  • measures are taken, e.g. , the feedrate of the tool 31 is reduced or the tool 31 is stopped at the corner for a while.
  • Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) illustrate a corner override function that may be used by some conventional CNC units to reduce the instructed feedrate within instructed distances Le and Ls before and after the corner P at an instructed ratio (override).
  • the speed is only changed at two stages, i.e. , a first change within the distances Le and Ls measured by starting at the corner P and a second change in the other areas.
  • the feedrate must be set to meet the speed in the most reduced speed area within the distances Le and Ls starting at the corner P.
  • this function the feedrate tends to change too suddenly.
  • Figs. 7(a) and 7(b) illustrate a drilling operation as an example of drilling a workpiece 30 with a drill tool 31.
  • Fig. 7(a) shows that the tool 31 is just beginning to cut the workpiece 30.
  • the feedrate should be decreased when the tool 31 makes contact with the workpiece 30 and increased when the tool 31 has completely bitten the workpiece 30. This is because, if the tool 31 is brought into contact with the workpiece 30 at an ordinary feedrate used for machining the workpiece 30, load is suddenly impressed to the tool 31, resulting in tool 31 breakage or position offset.
  • the tool 31 is generally positioned up to point "a" slightly before the workpiece 30, the workpiece 30 is drilled at a reduced feedrate up to point "b" where the tool 31 would bite the workpiece 30 completely, and the workpiece 30 is drilled at the ordinary feedrate from point "b" onward.
  • FIG. 7(b) An example in Fig. 7(b) shows that the tool 31 drills a through hole in the workpiece 30.
  • burrs are formed on the opposite surface of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece 30 is generally drilled at the ordinary feedrate up to point "c" slightly before the tool 31 drills through the workpiece 30, and at a reduced feedrate from point "c" to a finish at point "d".
  • Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) illustrate a drilling operation in a tapered portion of a workpiece, wherein Fig. 8(a) shows that the surface of the workpiece 30 that makes first contact with the tool 31 is beveled and Fig. 8(b) shows that the opposite surface is beveled.
  • Fig. 8(a) shows that the surface of the workpiece 30 that makes first contact with the tool 31 is beveled
  • Fig. 8(b) shows that the opposite surface is beveled.
  • drilling accuracy deteriorates, increasing the risk of breaking the tool.
  • a fourth problem is that the machining path must be sectioned into several blocks to control the feedrate, as described above, and the feedrate for each block must be set for the worst-case scenario related to the cutting function performed in that block.
  • Figs. 9(a) and 9(b) illustrate the machining of a molding material workpiece
  • Fig. 9(a) shows that a workpiece 30, such as a molding material, is machined by a tool 31 and the workpiece has areas to be machined and unmachined by the tool.
  • the workpiece is machined in four blocks, a-b, b-c, c-d and d-e as shown in Fig. 9(b), even though the workpiece otherwise might be machined in a single block as shown in Fig. 9(a).
  • Fig. 9(a) shows that the workpiece is machined in four blocks, a-b, b-c, c-d and d-e as shown in Fig. 9(b), even though the workpiece otherwise might be machined in a single block as shown in Fig. 9(a).
  • Fig. 10 illustrating the machining operation of a midway die shows that the midway portion of a workpiece 30 is machined by a tool 31, wherein area a-b is a portion where the tool cuts into the workpiece and is gradually loaded, area b-c is a portion where certain load is kept applied to the tool, and area c-d is a portion where the load on the tool gradually decreases.
  • the feedrate is generally determined with the feedrate in area b-c considered.
  • the tool is adversely affected by sudden overload in area a-b at the determined feedrate, there arises a sixth problem that it is inevitable to specify a reduced feedrate in consideration of feed in area a-b.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a measurement function and shows that a workpiece 30 is measured with a measuring tool 31a, wherein the position of the workpiece 30 is measured by bringing the sensor tool 31a into contact with the workpiece 30.
  • the measurement has been programmed in two blocks so that the tool is fed at a comparatively high rate up to point a slightly before the workpiece and at a lower measurement rate from point "a" to point "b". Because the machining path is divided into blocks in the vicinity of the measurement point (a-b) and the feedrate is reduced considerably in this area (a-b), there arises a seventh problem in that additional time is required to make measurements using the tool 31a.
  • Fig. 12 shows how control is carried out in no-entry area setting, illustrating a function which keeps checking whether a tool 31 enters an area 32 where the tool 31 must not enter and stops the tool at point "a" on a boundary if the tool is just beginning to enter the area 32.
  • the no-entry area must be defined slightly larger to ensure that the boundary is safely avoided.
  • the feedrate of a tool depends largely on an interrelation between the material of a workpiece and that of the tool.
  • the current tool is changed into a tool made of the other material during machining, there arises a ninth problem that the feedrate must be changed by making corrections to the machining program of the CNC unit.
  • Fuzzy inference logic may be applied to the control of machining operations. Fuzzy logic or fuzzy inference theory has been applied as an alternative to traditional expert: systems that employ precise or "crisp" Boolean logic-based rules to the solution of problems involving judgment or control. Where the problems are complex and cannot be readily solved in accordance with the rigid principles of bilevel logic, the flexibility of fuzzy logic offers significant advantages in processing time and accuracy.
  • control rules conventionally referred to as "control rules", “inference rules” or “production rules” that represent the experience and know-how of an expert in the particular field in which a problem to be solved exists.
  • the inference rules are represented in the form of IF....(a conditional part or antecedent part)...THEN....(a conclusion part or consequent part). This is conventionally referred to as an "If...Then” format.
  • a large number of rules typically are assembled in an application rule base to adequately represent the variations that may be encountered by the application.
  • variables in each of the parts are defined as fuzzy values or "labels” comprising relative word descriptions (typically adjectives), rather than precise numerical values.
  • the set of values may comprise several different "levels” within a range that extends, for example, from “high” to “medium” to “low” in the case of a height variable. Each level will rely on a precise mapping of numerical input values to degrees of membership and will contain varying degrees of membership. For example, a collection of different levels of height from “high” to “low” may be assigned numerical values between 0 and 1.
  • the collection of different levels is called a “fuzzy set” and the function of corresponding different height levels to numerical values is reflected by the "membership function.
  • the set may be represented by a geometric form, such as a triangle, bell, trapezoid and the like.
  • the inference control is carried out in several steps.
  • a determination is made of the conformity with each of the input "labels" in the "conditional part” according to the inference rules.
  • a determination is made of conformity with the entire "conditional part” according to the inference rules.
  • the membership functions of the control variables in the "conclusion part” are corrected on the basis of the conformity with the entire “condition part” according to the inference rules.
  • a control variable is determined on an overall basis, i.e., made crisp, from the membership functions of the control variables obtained according to the inference rules.
  • the method of determining the control variable i.e., obtaining a crisp value, is based on any of several processes, including the center of gravity process, the area process and the maximum height process.
  • the fuzzy inference rules and membership functions represent the knowledge of experts who are familiar with the characteristics of a complicated controlled object including non-linear elements, e.g. the temperature control of a plastic molding machine and the compounding control of chemicals, which are difficult to describe using mathematical models in a control theory.
  • the fuzzy logic system employs a computer to perform the inference rule and membership function processing and thereby achieve expert-level inference.
  • fuzzy inference is applied to cutting and is made on the basis of an input signal from an external sensor.
  • fuzzy control is to be carried out in connection with the operations that encounter the above-stated third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth problems, the fuzzy inference that is to be performed must follow up the cutting of the machine tool. Since this requires very fast fuzzy inference to be made, software-executed fuzzy inference is not fast enough. Hence, a tenth problem results based on the requirement that a dedicated fuzzy chip, etc., must be installed in the CNC for performing processing on a hardware basis, leading to cost increases.
  • US 4,547,996 discloses a grinder where the r of C-axis is a value adjusted by some means according to an object to be machined in advance (before machining) and a fixed value during machining. The value of r is changed by adjusting parts of a member in a shifting manner. The value of r is measured and then inputted from a member by an operator. During machining, a feed rate Fr(c) of a rotating axis is calculated according to the feed rate Fr(p) described in program and the value of r. Further, the reference discloses two machining modes for straightly grinding along X-axis or Y-axis, and for accurately grinding along C-axis.
  • EP 0 421 985 A1 and DE 3 327 760 A1 disclose grinders having similar mechanical strutures compared to US 4,547,996.
  • An object of a first embodiment according to the present invention is to overcome the first problem by providing a CNC unit which allows a feedrate to be specified for a rotating axis as for a straight-motion axis and the specified feedrate F to be controlled to be kept at the relative speed of a tool and a workpiece.
  • the setting of only a tool feedrate automatically provides that tool movement with respect to a rotating axis will be at a desired relative speed between a workpiece and a tool. This feature eliminates the necessity of specifically programming the tool feedrate in consideration of the distance from the rotating axis center to the tool, thereby significantly reducing the labor of a machining programmer.
  • An object of a second embodiment of the present invention is to overcome the second problem by providing a CNC unit which controls a specified feedrate F so as to be kept at the relative speed of a tool and a workpiece when movement with respect to both a straight-motion axis and a rotating axis are controlled simultaneously.
  • a CNC unit which controls a specified feedrate F so as to be kept at the relative speed of a tool and a workpiece when movement with respect to both a straight-motion axis and a rotating axis are controlled simultaneously.
  • machining allows machining to be carried out by only setting the tool feedrate in consideration of a cutting condition and eliminates the trouble of setting the feedrate under the worst-case scenario or sectioning a machining path into a plurality of blocks which is otherwise desired to be programmed as a single block, thereby considerably reducing the effort required from the machining programmer.
  • a tool feedrate can be changed at the starting-point and end-point areas in a single block, whereby a machined section which conventionally must be segmented can be described in one block and the feedrate increased or decreased optionally and smoothly.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh problems by providing a CNC unit which is capable of changing a feedrate within a single block.
  • An object of third, fourth and fifth embodiments according to the present invention is to overcome the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth problems by providing a CNC unit which allows a feedrate to be controlled on the basis of preset rules within a single block without dividing a machining path into a plurality of blocks for controlling the feedrate and further allows the preset rules to be changed optionally, whereby an operator can incorporate machining know-how into a machining program.
  • rules incorporating machining know-how are set in a knowledge storage section
  • an inferring section is provided independently of the knowledge storage section to ensure ease of additions and corrections to the rules
  • the inferring section synthesizes the results of inference provided by a plurality of rules and deduces a final conclusion, whereby complex control can be easily achieved with various factors taken into consideration.
  • the conventional approach to changing the cutting condition step by step is improved by allowing the cutting condition to be changed in a function form, ensuring smooth cutting condition changes.
  • rules set in the knowledge storage section can be described in a production rule format, allowing an operator to understand the rules easily and further facilitate additions and corrections to the rules.
  • descriptions in the knowledge storage section are represented in rule and membership function formats to form the knowledge storage section of a two-step structure that macro, general-purpose knowledge is described by a rule and micro, special-purpose knowledge is represented by a membership function, achieving an approach which allows the optimum rule to be made up by adjusting the membership function after actual machining.
  • the present invention has an advantage that fuzzy inference can be applied without making any modification, addition, etc., to hardware.
  • the present invention can also execute fuzzy inference without carrying out actual cutting, allowing rules and membership functions to be tuned to a proper level for cutting simulation.
  • functions stored in the knowledge storage section can be changed optionally by the numerical control unit, allowing further optimum control to be carried out by setting the optimum function according to the machining status. This enables machining to be performed without requiring the operator to change functions if a function value may only be changed according to a particular rule after fundamental knowledge has been preset in the knowledge storage section.
  • An object of a sixth embodiment according to the present invention is to overcome the ninth problem by providing a CNC unit which allows a feedrate to be controlled on the basis of preset rules according to the material of a workpiece and that of a tool and further allows the preset rules to be changed optionally, whereby an operator can incorporate machining know-how into a machining program.
  • a further object of the sixth embodiment is to provide a fuzzy inference section which allows inferring time to be reduced by making inference only on rules requiring judgement if there are many rules set.
  • inference is only made as to rules judged as necessary to be executed without needing to execute all rules stored in the knowledge storage section, allowing the inference speed to be increased when there are many rules.
  • the present invention has an advantage that a feedrate can be extracted easily for a tool and workpiece made of new materials, i.e. , a preferred conclusion can be deduced by fuzzy inference for new materials whose data has not yet been registered and considers the median hardness of the materials already registered.
  • An object of a seventh embodiment according to the present invention is to overcome the tenth problem by providing a fuzzy inference section which causes fuzzy inference to be made rapidly by software processing.
  • fuzzy rules and their membership functions can be defined simultaneously and easily, requiring a small storage area for membership functions.
  • membership functions in the conclusion part of a fuzzy rule can be represented in a simple shape pattern, enabling the result of each rule to be inferred at high speed.
  • An object of an eighth embodiment of the present invention is to overcome the eleventh problem by providing a fuzzy inference section which causes the results of all given rules to be reflected on a conclusion.
  • the results of fuzzy rules can be composed rapidly and all results of the rules reflected on a final conclusion, ensuring ease of membership function tuning.
  • the eighth embodiment allows processing performed by dedicated hardware, etc., for the reduction of fuzzy inference time to be performed by software processing only.
  • An object of a ninth embodiment of the present invention is to overcome said twelfth problem by providing a fuzzy inference section which causes the significance of rules to be reflected on a conclusion.
  • the ninth embodiment of the present invention a final conclusion can be deduced with the significance of each rule considered, and preferred inference can also be made by tuning such significance.
  • the ninth embodiment allows more ideal rules to be set.
  • the present invention is encompassed by Claims 1 to 7 and is a numerical control unit and method of operating a numerical control unit.
  • the numerical control unit is responsive to an instructed feedrate for controlling a machine tool having a linear and rotating axes comprising, means operative to machine a workpiece at an instructed feedrate along the linear axis such that a desired relative speed between the tool and the workpiece is achieved; means operative to machine a workpiece at the desired relative speed with respect to the rotating axis by correcting the instructed feedrate according to a distance between a rotating axis centre and the tool so that the feedrate is the relative speed of the tool and workpiece when a linear interpolation command is only provided for the single rotating axis; means for determining whether the unit is commanded to move with respect to the rotating axis; means for obtaining the distance between the starting point of the tool and the center of the rotating axis.
  • the unit is characterized in that means for controlling the actual feedrate in accordance with the changes in tool position so that the relative speed of the tool and a workpiece is kept at the instructed feedrate when the rotating axis and linear axis are controlled simultaneously.
  • the method of operating a numerical control unit which is responsive to an instructed feedrate for controlling a machine tool having linear and rotating axes.
  • the numerical control unit being operative to automatically machine a workpiece.
  • the method comprising determining whether a machining mode is a linear interpolation mode; if a linear interpolation mode, determining whether a move command is for two-axis movement, with respect to linear and rotating axes simultaneously; if for two-axis simultaneous movement determining an angular and radial position of the tool with respect to the rotating axis; correcting the instructed feedrate according to the angular and radial position so that the actual feedrate is equal to the desired relative speed between the tool and workpiece.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a known numerical control unit.
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the main parts of a prior art feedrate controller.
  • Fig. 3(a) illustrates linear interpolation known in the art.
  • Fig. 3(b) illustrates circular interpolation known in the art.
  • Fig. 4(a) illustrates rotating axis feed control known in the art.
  • Fig. 4(b) illustrates feed control by simultaneous control of a straight-motion axis and a rotating axis known in the art.
  • Figs. 5(a) - 5(c) illustrate program paths for machining a variety of corner shapes known in the art.
  • Figs. 6(a) and 6(b) illustrate a corner override function known in the art.
  • Figs. 7(a) and 7(b) illustrate a drilling operation known in the art.
  • Figs. 8(a) and 8(b) illustrate drilling in a tapered area known in the art.
  • Figs. 9(a) and 9(b) illustrate the machining of a molding material workpiece known in the art.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the machining of a midway die known in the art.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a machining measurement function known in the art.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates control in no-entry area setting known in the art.
  • Fig. 13 is a block diagram showing the key components of a feedrate controller according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates control axes in the known numerical control unit.
  • Fig. 15 is a flowchart concerned with the feedrate control of a rotating axis according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a flowchart concerned with the simultaneous speed control of the straight-motion axis and rotating axis according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 17(a) and 17(b) show examples of rules for feedrate control set in a knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a flowchart concerned with the processing of an inferring section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 shows an example of rules for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 20(a) - 20(c) show an example of membership functions for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 21 shows an example of rules for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 22(a) and 22(b) show an example of membership functions for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 23 shows an example of rules for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 24(a) and 24(b) show an example of membership functions for feedrate control set in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 25 illustrates how a distance between the no-entry area and tool is extracted according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 26 is a flowchart showing a sequence of extracting the distance between the no-entry area and tool according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 27 shows an example of a function stored in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 28 is a flowchart showing a sequence of generating the function in the knowledge storage section according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 29(a) - 29(c) illustrate how functions are generated in the knowledge storage section at the time of measurement according to the present invention and Figs 29 (d) - 29(e) illustrate the application of fuzzy logic to a measurement function.
  • Figs. 30(a) - 30(c) show examples of data set in the knowledge storage section employed to correct the feedrate in accordance with the tool and workpiece materials according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 31 shows an example of a rule matrix in the knowledge storage section used to correct the feedrate in accordance with the tool and workpiece materials according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 32 shows an example of executing only corresponding rules in the rule matrix in the knowledge storage section used to correct the feedrate in accordance with the tool and workpiece materials according to the present invention
  • Fig. 32(b) illustrates a relevant flowchart.
  • Figs. 33(a) - 33(d) illustrate the composition of rules in the MAXMIN method for fuzzy control according to the conventional control art.
  • Figs. 34(a) - 34(c) illustrate a tool feedrate in a single block according to the conventional art.
  • Figs. 35(a) - 35(c) illustrate a tool feedrate in a single block according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 36 is a flowchart concerned with tool feedrate control in a single block according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 37 illustrates an inference method according to a MAX_MIN center of gravity method for fuzzy inference according to the conventional art.
  • Figs. 38(a) - 38(f) illustrate membership functions for fuzzy inference according to the conventional art.
  • Figs. 39(a) - 39(c) illustrate membership functions for fuzzy inference according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 40 illustrates the setting of production rules for fuzzy inference according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 41 illustrates an inference method for fuzzy inference according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 42 illustrates the setting of production rules for fuzzy inference according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 the numerals 20 to 23 indicate parts identical or corresponding to those in the conventional unit and 24 indicates a feedrate processor.
  • a machining mode is a linear interpolation mode (G1 mode) or not by the feedrate processor 24 (step 100). If in the linear interpolation mode, then it is determined whether a move command is for a rotating axis alone or not (step 101). If it is for the rotating axis alone, a calculation is made to obtain a distance r between the starting point. of a tool indicated by point A in Fig. 4(a) from where cutting starts and the center of the rotating axis (step 102). A compensation feedrate Fo is then calculated from a specified feedrate F according to Mathematical Expression 1 (step 103).
  • the pulse distribution processor 21 in Fig. 13 processes this feedrate Fo in an identical manner to the conventional art as an instructed feedrate.
  • the relative speed of the workpiece and tool can be kept at the specified feedrate F.
  • a second embodiment according to the present invention will now be described in accordance with the appended drawings.
  • the machining mode is the linear interpolation mode (G1 mode) or not by the feedrate processor 24 (step 110). If in the linear interpolation mode, then it is determined whether or not the move command is for two-axis simultaneous interpolation for rotating and straight-motion axes (step 111). If it is for the two-axis simultaneous interpolation, a speed change mode is switched on (step 112). When this speed change mode is on, the pulse distribution processor 24 in Fig.
  • Mathematical Expression 8 where x is an X-axis travel value and c is a C-axis travel value, which are always constant within a single block.
  • Parameter "r” is a distance between the rotating axis center and tool position P1 in Fig. 4(b), and ⁇ is an angle between the tool position P1 and X axis at the center of rotation.
  • the corrected feedrate Fo of the specified feedrate F is calculated according to Mathematical Expression 8 and employed as the specified feedrate to perform the pulse distribution.
  • the specified feedrate is thus corrected momentarily in accordance with the r and ⁇ of the tool position, thereby allowing the relative speed of the workpiece and tool to be kept at the specified feedrate F.
  • Fig. 34 shows a machining program 41, its operation 42 and a feedrate 43 known in the art, wherein "G01" indicates linear interpolation and "X__Y__” the coordinate values of an end point. "F__” defines a tool feedrate.
  • a command is given by the machining program as indicated by 41, linear interpolation is executed at the feedrate F from a current tool position (point S) to a specified end point (point E) as indicated by 42.
  • This feedrate is a constant value F as indicated by 43.
  • Fig. 35 shows a machining program 44, its operation 42 and a feedrate 45 according to the present invention.
  • the part: "G01X__Y__F__” is identical to that of the conventional machining program and so is its operation 42.
  • the feedrate is changed from F to F* R2 / 100 between a point P3 a distance (L3+L4) away from an end point E and a point P4 a distance L4 away from the same, and thereafter remains unchanged up to the end point.
  • the feedrate is set to F* ⁇ (step 504), where ⁇ is a numeral represented by an expression indicated by 510. If not between P1 and P2, a check is made to see if the tool is located between P2 and P3 (step 505). If between P2 and P3, the feedrate is set to F as specified (step 506). If not between P2 and P3, a check is made to see if the tool is located between P3 and P4 (step 507). If between P3 and P4, the feedrate is set to F* ⁇ (step 508), where ⁇ is a numeral represented by an expression indicated by 511. If not between P3 and P4, then the tool exists between P4 and E and therefore the tool feedrate is set to R2% of the specified value (step 509).
  • a linear feedrate change made between P1 and P2 or between P3 and P4 in this embodiment may also be replaced by acceleration/ deceleration pattern employing a method described in Japanese Patent Disclosure Publication No. 168513 of 1984, Japanese Patent Disclosure Publication No. 18009 of 1986 etc. In this case, it is only necessary to change the expressions 510 and 511 in the flowchart in Fig. 36.
  • FIG. 13 the numerals 20 to 23 indicate parts identical or corresponding to those in the conventional unit and 24 indicates a feedrate controller including a knowledge storage section 25 and an inferring section 26.
  • the knowledge storage section 25 contains a plurality of rules described for changing the feedrate at a corner as shown in Figs. 17(a) and 17(b).
  • Rule 1 decreases the feedrate of a tool as the tool approaches the corner.
  • the feedrate is simply switched according to the threshold values of a distance from the corner, i.e. , when the tool has moved a certain distance Le close to the corner P, the feedrate is decreased to a particular value, and when the tool has moved a certain distance Ls away from the corner P, the feedrate is returned to the original value.
  • the threshold values of a distance from the corner i.e. , when the tool has moved a certain distance Le close to the corner P, the feedrate is decreased to a particular value, and when the tool has moved a certain distance Ls away from the corner P, the feedrate is returned to the original value.
  • Function 1 defining a deceleration ratio according to the distance the tool has approached the corner allows the feedrate to be optionally changed.
  • Rule 2 corrects the deceleration ratio of the tool feedrate according to the bevel angle of the corner. In general, as the bevel of the corner is sharper (closer to zero degrees), larger deceleration is made, and as the bevel is gentler (closer to 180 degrees), deceleration is smaller. In the example of the rule on the corner feed control set in Fig. 17(b), the feedrate is corrected by Function 2 of Rule 2 according to the bevel of the corner, with an average deceleration ratio preset in Function 1 of Rule 1.
  • Fig. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of how the inferring section 26 practically controls the feedrate in the corner by using the rules described in the knowledge storage section 25.
  • the inferring section 26 first reads Rule 1 from the knowledge storage section 25 (steps 200, 201), finds a distance between the tool and corner necessary for Rule 1 and gives it as input data (step 202).
  • the inferring section 26 extracts the deceleration ratio Z1 of the feedrate according to that distance (step 203).
  • the deceleration ratio of the tool feedrate corresponding to the distance from the corner is extracted by employing Function 1.
  • the inferring section 26 extracts from Rule 2 the deceleration ratio Z2 of the feedrate according to the bevel angle of the corner (steps 204, 205, 201 to 203).
  • the inferring section 26 then composes the two deceleration ratios Z1 and Z2 provided by the two rules (step 206), thereby determining the tool feedrate Fo (step 207).
  • the above composition is found by the product of each value.
  • Z Z1*Z2* alone*Zn where n is the number of rules.
  • the feedrate is determined by calculating the feedrate Fo corrected by multiplying the specified feedrate F by the feedrate deceleration ratio found according to Mathematical Expression 9.
  • Fo F * (1- Z ) 100 where Z is a resultant deceleration ratio in %.
  • Complex control based on a plurality of rules can be achieved by thus finding a machining condition (tool feedrate) by the composition of plural results.
  • the knowledge storage section 25 and inferring section 26 individually provided allow more complicated rules to be defined.
  • Figs. 17(a) and 17(b) the rules described in an optional format in the knowledge storage section 25 as shown in Figs. 17(a) and 17(b) may be described in the form of an operation expression of functions.
  • Function 1 and Function 2 are defined and an expression for operating on the result of these functions are defined as follows: "Mathematical Expression 10"
  • F F1*F2
  • Mathematical Expression 10 indicates that the product of the result found by the operation of Function 1 (F1) and Function 2 (F2) is employed as a final result.
  • the inferring section 26 finds the operation result of each function as shown in Fig. 18 and composes these results according to the defined expression.
  • Mathematical Expression 9 at step 206 is the defined expression.
  • Fig. 13 rules to be stored in the knowledge storage section 25 are to be described in the IF...THEN format of fuzzy inference control with the antecedent part (IF) indicating a condition under which a rule for changing the feedrate is judged and the consequent part (THEN) indicating operation to be performed if the condition in the antecedent part is satisfied or not satisfied.
  • the rules are described in a so-called "production rule” format when values described in the rules are represented in a membership function format.
  • This allows the knowledge storage section 25 to include "macro", general-purpose knowledge described by a rule and "micro”, special-purpose knowledge represented by a membership function.
  • the inferring section 26 deduces a conclusion by making fuzzy inference on the given membership functions on the basis of the rules described in the knowledge storage section 25.
  • fuzzy inference made in fuzzy control often employs the center of gravity in the result of the inference according to fuzzy-related maximum-minimum composition rules and is referred to as a maximum-minimum composition center of gravity method.
  • Fig. 19 and Figs. 20(a)-(c) illustrate rules provided in the knowledge storage section 25 according to the present invention.
  • the rules described therein are those employed for drill feedrate control shown in Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 8(a).
  • R1 to R5 indicate rules which are composed to deduce a conclusion in the present embodiment.
  • POS is a distance between the tool 31 and workpiece 30 in Fig. 7(a), + indicating a distance before the tool 31 makes contact with the workpiece 30 and - that after contact.
  • 0 indicates a contact point.
  • A1 is a membership function shown in Fig. 20(a), instructing that the tool feedrate be reduced slightly before the tool makes contact with the workpiece, kept at the reduced value for a while after the tool has made contact with the workpiece until the tool completely bites the workpiece, and returned to the original value after the tool has bitten completely.
  • ANG in Fig. 19 indicates the bevel of a workpiece surface where the tool makes contact, which is classified into five types of B1 to B5 according to the degree of the bevel.
  • Fig. 20(b) shows the membership functions of B1 to B5.
  • FEED in Fig. 19 is the deceleration ratio of the tool feedrate, indicating the degree of reducing the tool feedrate, which is classified into five stages of C1 to C5.
  • Fig. 20c shows the membership functions of C1 to C5.
  • Fig. 19 The rules in Fig. 19 indicate that the feedrate of the tool is reduced according to the bevel of the workpiece surface which the tool makes contact with, from immediately before the tool makes contact with the workpiece to when the tool completely bites the workpiece.
  • An example of an inferring procedure is as follows. Taking Rule 1 as an example, the distance between the tool and workpiece is found and its conformity is evaluated by using the membership function of A1 in Fig. 20(a). The bevel of the workpiece surface with which the tool makes contact is also found and its conformity is evaluated by using the membership function of B1 in Fig. 20(b). Since the rule in the antecedent part is an AND condition, the smaller value of these conformities is adopted and a result is found by using the membership function of C1 in Fig. 20(c). In a similar manner, the results of Rules 2 to 5 are found and composed, thereby deducing a conclusion. A maxmin AND is employed as an example of making an addition and a center of gravity method as the process of composition.
  • POS is a distance as to the surface of the workpiece 30 drilled through by the tool 31 and ANG is the bevel of this surface.
  • the tool feedrate is controlled so as to be corrected according to the moving direction of the tool.
  • the tool moving direction of zero assumes that the tool cuts the workpiece in parallel therewith, i.e. , between b-c, the direction of + that the tool cuts the workpiece in a workpiece biting direction, i.e. , between a-b, and the direction of - that the tool cuts the workpiece in a workpiece leaving direction, i.e. , between c-d.
  • a conclusion is extracted using membership functions shown in Figs. 22(a) and 22(b). According to the tool feedrate deceleration ratio thus obtained, the corrected feedrate is found using Mathematical Expression 12.
  • the distance between the tool 31 and no-entry area 32 is extracted for use as input data and the deceleration ratio is extracted according to membership functions shown in Figs. 24(a) and 24(b) on the basis of rules shown in Fig. 23.
  • the corrected tool feedrate is extracted by employing the extracted deceleration ratio according to Mathematical Expression 12.
  • Mathematical Expression 12 it is determined where the tool exists relative to the no-entry area 32, among positions 1 to 8, as shown in Fig. 25 and the distance L between the tool 31 and no-entry area 32 is extracted as shown in a flowchart in Fig. 26 according to the tool position.
  • the tool position is (X, Y)
  • the X-axis upper and lower limits of the no-entry area are XL and XS
  • the Y-axis upper and lower limits of the no-entry area are YL and YS.
  • XL, XS, YL and YS are found to determine where the tool exists among the areas 1 to 8 shown in Fig. 25.
  • classification of one limit set is then made according to the values of XL, XS, YL and YS, and the distance L between the tool 31 and no-entry area 32 is extracted according to the classification result (step 302).
  • FIG. 9(a) When a molding material is machined as shown in Fig. 9(a), it is desired to control the feedrate according to a workpiece shape. A function itself is therefore generated automatically from the workpiece shape. In CNC units including an automatic program, some contain a pre-entered material shape which is used as the basis for generating the function.
  • Fig. 27 shows the function automatically generated, wherein the normal feed rate is shown as a zero (0) deviation value and increases or decreases in commanded rate are shown as plus (+) or minus (-) values of ratio or percentage.
  • the feedrate is reduced slightly before the tool makes contact with the workpiece (point a), returned to the original value slightly after the tool has passed point a, decreased again slightly before it comes out of the workpiece (point b), increased to a permissible limit in an area where the workpiece does not exist (between b-c), dropped slightly before the tool makes contact with the workpiece again (point c), and restored to the original value slightly after the tool has passed point c.
  • a process of generating the function in Fig. 27 will now be described in accordance with a flowchart in Fig. 28.
  • a workpiece entry portion is judged (step 400) and the acceleration/deceleration pattern of the work entry portion is set (steps 401 to 403).
  • the feedrate is first decreased down to Z1% between a position L1 away from the workpiece end face and a position L2 away therefrom (step 401).
  • the feedrate is then kept at Z1% up to a position L3 inside the workpiece (step 402).
  • the feedrate is returned to the original value up to a position L4 inside the workpiece (step 403).
  • the above steps provide an acceleration/deceleration pattern wherein the feedrate is reduced immediately before the tool makes contact with the workpiece and returns to an ordinary value in a position where the tool has entered the workpiece by a certain distance.
  • a workpiece leaving portion is judged (step 404) and the acceleration/deceleration pattern of the portion where the tool leaves the workpiece is set (steps 405 to 407).
  • the feedrate is first decreased down to Z2% between positions L5 and L6 before the tool leaves the workpiece (step 405).
  • the feedrate is then kept at Z2% up to a position L7 away from the workpiece (step 406).
  • the feedrate is raised to Z3% up to a position L8 away from the workpiece (step 407).
  • the above steps provide an acceleration/deceleration pattern wherein the feedrate is reduced immediately before the tool leaves the workpiece and increases to a specified ratio after the tool has left the workpiece by a certain distance.
  • the acceleration/deceleration ratio employed in the vertical axis of the function may be an actual feedrate.
  • remeasurement may be made after the workpiece 30 has been measured by the tool 31a.
  • the automatic generation of a function indicating the acceleration/deceleration pattern of a second feedrate achieves more accurate and useful measurement.
  • Function 1 is the tool feedrate deceleration pattern of the first measurement. Because of the first measurement, its deceleration band is wide and its deceleration ratio is small in order to economize on measurement time.
  • measurement accuracy decreases in proportion to the feedrate in measurement.
  • the actual position of the workpiece is estimated with the drift value, etc., of a measurement sensor taken into account.
  • a deceleration pattern like Function 2 in Fig. 29(c) is automatically generated in consideration of a predetermined clearance value for the estimated position of the workpiece.
  • the deceleration band is narrow in order to reduce measurement time and the deceleration ratio is large in order to enhance measurement accuracy.
  • Figs. 29(d) and 29(e) are examples in which fuzzy membership functions are automatically corrected. That is, membership functions are changed based on the result of the first measurement.
  • Tool feed rate (Feed) is changed in accordance with tool position (POS).
  • the membership function in the first measurement sets the width which is used to judge that the tool comes close to the workpiece to be wide (P1) and also sets the tool feed rate (F1) to be fast.
  • the membership function in the second measurement will be corrected corresponding to P', an expected workpiece position, based on the result of the first measurement as is shown in Fig. 29(e).
  • the width used to judge that the tool comes close to the workpiece is set to be narrow (P1) and tool feedrate (F1) is set to be slower.
  • the tool feedrate (F2, F3) in the area away from the workpiece (P2, P3) is set to be faster.
  • the number of rules extends to 100 as indicated in Fig. 31.
  • the only rules executed are those which relate to the TOOLs and WORKpieces corresponding to the material hardness of given tools and workpieces.
  • Fig. 32(a) indicates that since the membership functions of T4 to T5 among the Tools and the membership functions W6 to W7 among the workpieces correspond to the material hardness as the result of extraction, only rules F64, F65, F74 and F75 are executed to deduce a conclusion.
  • Fig. 32(b) is a flowchart indicating an algorithm which extracts rules to be executed.
  • "i" indicates the number of a rule
  • "j” indicates the number of a condition part of each rule.
  • the number of rules in n, and the number of condition parts of each rule is mi.
  • Step 603 extract the area ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of a membership function in an ith rule with a jth conditional part.
  • An area of membership function is a range of the value which a defined membership function takes in a horizontal direction.
  • Step 604 Check if Dij (fact), which is a value given to this membership function, exists in the area extracted in Step 603 (Step 604).
  • Dij is not a specific value, for example, in case Dij is also a membership function, check if there is an overlapping section between Dij and ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
  • Step 604 judges YES, then the value of j is increased by 1 (Step 605).
  • Step 606 judges YES, then return to step 603. If its judgment is NO, then move to Step 607.
  • Step 604 judges YES, turn the execution flag of the ith rule OFF (Step 608).
  • step 606 judges NO, turn the execution flag of ith rule ON (Step 607). Execution flags at each of the rules are there to identify whether or not each rule should be executed. When fuzzy inference is made, only those rules whose flags are ON should be executed.
  • Step 602 to 608 if there is a rule without Dij, a value given to membership function, in an area of membership function of a conditional part of each rule, the rule will become O without fail so long as an inference is made with a MAX_MIN method. Because of it an execution flag of a rule is turned off since there is no need to make an inference.
  • Step 609 Next increase the value of i by 1 (Step 609).
  • Step 610 Check if i is a value within n, i.e. , check if it has been judged referring to all rules (Step 610). If Step 610 judges YES, i.e. , there are still some rules to be judged then return to Step 602. If it is NO, the processing will be ended.
  • FIG. 38(a) - 38(f) A seventh embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings.
  • various shapes (51 to 56) as shown in Figs. 38(a) - 38(f) may be conceived for membership functions employed for fuzzy inference.
  • the present invention has enabled membership functions to be represented in a specific shape pattern and defined simultaneously with rules.
  • An example is given by 57 in Fig. 39(a), wherein all membership functions are defined in the form of an isosceles triangle and Li indicates a center position and li a half length of the base of the isosceles triangle.
  • membership functions are defined as described above, they can be defined by the center ( i.e. , center of gravity position) Li and the half base length li of the shape 57 and it is therefore only necessary to enter Li and li.
  • This allows rules and membership functions to be defined simultaneously as shown in Fig. 40, in relation to the rules in Fig. 23.
  • A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 indicate the centers of respective membership functions and a1, a2, a3, b1, b2 and b3 the half base lengths of respective membership functions.
  • Membership functions may also be represented in other shape patterns as indicated by 58 in Fig. 39(b) wherein a dead zone is provided, or as indicated by 59 in Fig. 39(c) wherein the shape is asymmetrical. In this case, membership functions may be represented as (Li, li, mi) by using an additional parameter.
  • Fig. 33(d) shows a shape obtained by synthesizing the results of three rules illustrated in Figs. 33(a) - 33(c) and composing the shapes of three membership functions in the MAX_MIN method.
  • the shapes must be composed to extract a new shape, which takes time for processing, and in the example of Figs. 33(a) - 33(d), the result of Rule 2 has no influence of a final conclusion.
  • the center position of the membership function in the conclusion part of Rule 2 if slightly shifted, does not have any influence on the final conclusion.
  • Such a case has posed a problem that it is difficult to tune membership functions in the conventional method.
  • a final conclusion L is found by making inference as indicated by Mathematical Expression 8 from the center of gravity position Li and area Si in the result of each rule.
  • n is the number of rules.
  • the result of each rule always influences the final conclusion and shapes are not composed, whereby fuzzy inference processing can be performed at high speed.
  • the eighth embodiment offers much faster processing.
  • a ninth embodiment according to the present invention will now be described. Since all rules are treated equally in the known fuzzy inference, the significance of specific rules cannot be reflected on a conclusion. Actually, however, the significance of rules must be taken into consideration in deducing a final conclusion.
  • the present invention defines the significance of each rule as shown in Fig. 42 using, for example, VAL. VAL is given a larger value for a more significant rule and a less value for a less significant rule.
  • the final conclusion L is found by making inference as indicated by Mathematical Expression 9 from the center of gravity position Li and area Si.
  • n is the number of rules.
  • fuzzy inference can be made with the significance of each rule taken into consideration.
  • a negative rule can also be set. Specifically, the setting of a negative value to the significance renders an area value in the conclusion part of a rule negative, thereby setting a negative rule. This allows the setting of the following rule that cannot be defined in the conventional method: If A is A1 THEN B is not B1

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Unité de commande numérique sensible à une vitesse d'avancée spécifiée (F) pour commander une machine-outil ayant un axe linéaire et un axe de rotation, ladite unité de commande numérique comportant :
    des moyens fonctionnant pour usiner une pièce d'usinage avec une vitesse d'avancée spécifiée le long dudit axe linéaire de manière à ce qu'une vitesse relative souhaitée entre ledit outil et ladite pièce d'usinage soit obtenue, et
    des moyens (24) fonctionnant pour usiner une pièce d'usinage à ladite vitesse relative souhaitée par rapport audit axe de rotation en corrigeant ladite vitesse d'avancée spécifiée (F) en fonction d'une distance (r) entre un centre de l'axe de rotation et ledit outil de sorte que ladite vitesse d'avancée soit la vitesse relative de l'outil et de la pièce d'usinage lorsqu'une commande d'interpolation linéaire n'est fournie que pour le seul axe de rotation,
    des moyens (2) pour déterminer si ladite unité est commandée pour se déplacer par rapport audit axe de rotation, et
    des moyens pour obtenir la distance (r) entre le point de départ (A) dudit outil et le centre dudit axe de rotation
       caractérisée en ce que
    lesdits moyens pour commander commandent ladite vitesse d'avancée réelle conformément aux changements de position de l'outil de sorte que la vitesse relative de l'outil et d'une pièce d'usinage soit maintenue à ladite vitesse d'avancée spécifiée lorsque l'axe de rotation et l'axe linéaire sont commandés simultanément.
  2. Unité de commande numérique selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ladite vitesse d'avancée est la vitesse relative de l'outil de la pièce d'usinage lorsqu'une commande d'interpolation linéaire n'est fournie que pour l'unique axe de rotation.
  3. Procédé pour commander une unité de commande numérique sensible à une vitesse d'avancée spécifiée pour commander une machine-outil ayant un axe linéaire et un axe de rotation, ladite unité de commande numérique pouvant fonctionner pour usiner automatiquement une pièce d'usinage, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à :
    déterminer si un mode d'usinage est un mode d'interpolation linéaire (G1),
    s'il s'agit d'un mode d'interpolation linéaire, déterminer (101) si une commande de déplacement est relative à un déplacement bi-axe, par rapport à l'axe linéaire et l'axe de rotation, simultanément,
    s'il s'agit d'un déplacement simultané sur deux axes, déterminer (102) une position angulaire et radiale dudit outil par rapport audit axe de rotation, et
    corriger (103) ladite vitesse d'avancée spécifiée en fonction de ladite position angulaire et de ladite position radiale de sorte que la vitesse d'avancée réelle soit égale à la vitesse relative souhaitée entre l'outil et la pièce d'usinage.
  4. Procédé pour commander une unité de commande numérique selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ledit usinage est effectué en réponse à un unique bloc programmé.
  5. Procédé pour commander une unité de commande numérique selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite étape de correction (103) est effectuée lorsque les changements de position angulaire sont déterminés durant un unique bloc programmé.
  6. Procédé pour commander une unité de commande numérique selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite commande de déplacement concerne un axe de rotation seul,
    déterminer (102) une distance radiale (r) entre une position de départ d'outil (A) et le centre de l'axe de rotation, et
    corriger (103) ladite vitesse d'avancée spécifiée (F) en fonction de ladite distance radiale (r) de sorte que ladite vitesse d'avancée corrigée (F0) soit égale à la vitesse relative de l'outil de la pièce d'usinage.
  7. Procédé pour commander une unité de commande numérique selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ladite étape de correction (103) est implémentée en réponse à uniquement une commande d'interpolation linéaire fournie pour l'unique axe de rotation.
EP96111947A 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Unité de commande numérique Expired - Lifetime EP0740236B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3221587A JP3036143B2 (ja) 1991-09-02 1991-09-02 数値制御装置
JP22158791 1991-09-02
JP221587/91 1991-09-02
EP92115048A EP0530790B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 ContrÔle de la vitesse d'avance d'une unité à commande numérique

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92115048.8 Division 1992-09-02
EP92115048A Division EP0530790B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 ContrÔle de la vitesse d'avance d'une unité à commande numérique

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0740236A2 EP0740236A2 (fr) 1996-10-30
EP0740236A3 EP0740236A3 (fr) 1996-12-04
EP0740236B1 true EP0740236B1 (fr) 2001-12-19

Family

ID=16769089

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96111935A Expired - Lifetime EP0742511B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Dispositif à déduction utilisant logique floue
EP96111947A Expired - Lifetime EP0740236B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Unité de commande numérique
EP96111932A Expired - Lifetime EP0740237B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Unité de commande numérique
EP92115048A Expired - Lifetime EP0530790B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 ContrÔle de la vitesse d'avance d'une unité à commande numérique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96111935A Expired - Lifetime EP0742511B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Dispositif à déduction utilisant logique floue

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96111932A Expired - Lifetime EP0740237B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 Unité de commande numérique
EP92115048A Expired - Lifetime EP0530790B1 (fr) 1991-09-02 1992-09-02 ContrÔle de la vitesse d'avance d'une unité à commande numérique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US5493502A (fr)
EP (4) EP0742511B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3036143B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960004558B1 (fr)
DE (4) DE69232294T2 (fr)
HK (1) HK1009051A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4950656A (en) * 1987-02-17 1990-08-21 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Methods and compositions employing unique mixtures of polar and neutral lipids for protecting the gastrointestinal tract
DE4437057C2 (de) * 1994-10-17 1999-04-01 Agie Ag Ind Elektronik Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung von Funkenerosionsmaschinen
DE69521027T2 (de) * 1995-03-28 2001-09-06 Cons Ric Microelettronica Verfahren zur Speicherung von Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen und verwandte Schaltung zum Berechnen vom Zugehörigkeitsgrad der Vorbedingungen von Fuzzy-Regeln
ATE211271T1 (de) * 1995-06-26 2002-01-15 Siemens Ag Numerisches steuerverfahren
JP3037881B2 (ja) * 1995-07-10 2000-05-08 ファナック株式会社 数値制御装置
JPH09120310A (ja) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-06 Fanuc Ltd 軸移動方法及び軸移動方式
DE19602470A1 (de) * 1996-01-24 1997-07-31 Siemens Ag Bestimmung und Optimierung der Arbeitsgenauigkeit einer Werkzeugmaschine oder eines Roboters oder dergleichen
US6397122B1 (en) * 1996-03-11 2002-05-28 Finn-Power International, Inc. Apparatus and method therefor of maximizing the production run speed of a sheet fabrication machine
DE19615816A1 (de) * 1996-04-20 1997-10-23 Chiron Werke Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern einer Werkzeugmaschine
KR100233146B1 (ko) * 1996-08-21 1999-12-01 윤종용 다결정 실리콘의 제조 방법
JP3553741B2 (ja) * 1996-09-02 2004-08-11 三菱電機株式会社 数値制御装置および数値制御装置の主軸モータ加減速制御方法
US6317646B1 (en) * 1997-03-19 2001-11-13 Fadal Machining Centers, Inc. CNC machine having interactive control of corner tolerance that is programmed to vary with the corner angle
JPH11156672A (ja) * 1997-08-25 1999-06-15 Yoshiaki Kakino 数値制御装置及びこれを備えた工作機械
US6047275A (en) * 1997-10-14 2000-04-04 Allen-Bradley Company, Llc Fuzzy logic winder analyzer
JPH11207514A (ja) * 1998-01-27 1999-08-03 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 加工方法および加工機械
US6192283B1 (en) 1998-07-31 2001-02-20 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Method and apparatus for adaptive control of a system or device
US6101444A (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-08-08 Stoner; Michael S. Numerical control unit for wellbore drilling
JP2000089525A (ja) * 1998-09-07 2000-03-31 Toshiba Corp 調整制御システム
US6242880B1 (en) 1998-09-08 2001-06-05 Cimplus, Inc. Tolerance based motion control system
US6806808B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2004-10-19 Sri International Wireless event-recording device with identification codes
US7034660B2 (en) * 1999-02-26 2006-04-25 Sri International Sensor devices for structural health monitoring
US6617963B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2003-09-09 Sri International Event-recording devices with identification codes
US6625498B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-09-23 Fanuc Ltd. Numerical control system
US6499025B1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2002-12-24 Microsoft Corporation System and method for tracking objects by fusing results of multiple sensing modalities
US6782306B2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2004-08-24 Siemens Energy & Automation Motion control system and method utilizing spline interpolation
US6336931B1 (en) * 2000-05-17 2002-01-08 Yeh-Liang Hsu Automatic bone drilling apparatus for surgery operation
US9199315B2 (en) 2000-06-02 2015-12-01 Kennametal Inc. Twist drill and method for producing a twist drill which method includes forming a flute of a twist drill
US6718854B2 (en) * 2000-08-14 2004-04-13 Sanjeev Bedi PC-controllable material shaping machine
US7123983B2 (en) * 2002-11-13 2006-10-17 Miic America, Inc. System and process for creating custom fit artificial fingernails using a non-contact optical measuring device
US20080255684A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2008-10-16 Universiti Putra Malaysia Artificial intelligence device and corresponding methods for selecting machinability data
EP1510286B1 (fr) * 2003-08-28 2006-08-30 Rolf Helle GmbH Procédé et dispositif de changement de pièce ou d'outil dans une machine-outil avec des moyens de détection des caractéristiques de la pièce ou outil
JP4543967B2 (ja) * 2004-03-31 2010-09-15 セイコーエプソン株式会社 モータ制御装置及び印刷装置
US7450127B2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2008-11-11 Hurco Companies Inc. Method of tolerance-based trajectory planning
US7160174B2 (en) * 2005-06-01 2007-01-09 Asphericon Gmbh Method for processing and measuring rotationally symmetric workpieces as well as grinding and polishing tool
JP4661494B2 (ja) * 2005-09-27 2011-03-30 ブラザー工業株式会社 数値制御装置
US20070142966A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-21 Khalid Mirza Process for moving a robot
US8725283B2 (en) * 2006-08-04 2014-05-13 Hurco Companies, Inc. Generalized kinematics system
US8024068B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2011-09-20 Hurco Companies, Inc. Machine tool control system
TWI353496B (en) * 2006-08-04 2011-12-01 Hurco Co Inc System and method and computer readable medium for
US7933677B2 (en) * 2006-08-04 2011-04-26 Hurco Companies, Inc. System and method for surface finish management
DE102006043390B4 (de) * 2006-09-15 2010-05-27 Dmg Electronics Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Simulation eines Ablaufs zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks an einer Werkzeugmaschine
JP5129064B2 (ja) * 2008-08-26 2013-01-23 新日本工機株式会社 工作機械の数値制御装置
JP5293389B2 (ja) * 2009-05-07 2013-09-18 株式会社ジェイテクト 工作機械の制御装置
JP4975872B1 (ja) * 2011-02-25 2012-07-11 ファナック株式会社 多軸加工機用速度制御機能を有する数値制御装置
JP5199447B1 (ja) 2011-12-09 2013-05-15 ファナック株式会社 回転軸を備えたワイヤ放電加工機
US9329592B2 (en) 2012-11-27 2016-05-03 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Methods and systems for calculation of feedrate
JP5746270B2 (ja) * 2013-06-20 2015-07-08 ファナック株式会社 穴あけ加工を行う工作機械の数値制御装置
CN104423311B (zh) * 2013-08-20 2017-03-01 沈阳高精数控智能技术股份有限公司 面向电加工专用数控系统加工间隙的智能控制系统及方法
JP6077617B1 (ja) * 2015-09-25 2017-02-08 ファナック株式会社 最適な速度分布を生成する工作機械
CN106125677B (zh) * 2016-07-27 2018-08-21 邓耀华 一种柔性材料轨迹加工方法和装置
JP6450734B2 (ja) * 2016-11-22 2019-01-09 ファナック株式会社 数値制御装置
JP6444969B2 (ja) * 2016-12-21 2018-12-26 ファナック株式会社 数値制御装置
JP6173628B1 (ja) * 2017-01-30 2017-08-02 株式会社ミツトヨ 形状測定装置の制御方法
JP6499707B2 (ja) * 2017-04-03 2019-04-10 ファナック株式会社 シミュレーション装置、プログラム生成装置、制御装置およびコンピュータの表示方法
EP3444687A1 (fr) 2017-08-14 2019-02-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine-outil à commande numérique ainsi que machine-outil associée
JP6646027B2 (ja) * 2017-10-30 2020-02-14 ファナック株式会社 ポストプロセッサ装置、加工プログラム生成方法、ｃｎｃ加工システム及び加工プログラム生成用プログラム
JP6740199B2 (ja) * 2017-10-30 2020-08-12 ファナック株式会社 数値制御装置、ｃｎｃ工作機械、数値制御方法及び数値制御用プログラム
CN112947292B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-02-15 大连理工大学 一种变壁厚复杂曲面结构件内外廓形的双机器人同步加工进给率规划方法

Family Cites Families (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1189958A (en) * 1965-09-03 1970-04-29 Olivetti & Co Spa A Numerical Control Device
US3987350A (en) * 1971-05-18 1976-10-19 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Numerical control system for center lathes
US3840791A (en) * 1973-02-26 1974-10-08 Giddings & Lewis Alleviation of delays and inaccuracies in machining by the constant surface feet per minute mode
DE2334455B2 (de) * 1973-07-06 1975-10-02 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Schaltungsanordnung zum Abbremsen eines numerisch gesteuerten Antriebssystems
JPS5574605A (en) * 1978-11-29 1980-06-05 Hitachi Ltd Operation control system for industrial robbot or the like
US4262336A (en) * 1979-04-27 1981-04-14 Pritchard Eric K Multi-axis contouring control system
JPS57114329A (en) * 1980-12-30 1982-07-16 Fanuc Ltd Control of wire-cut electric discharge processor
JPS584377A (ja) * 1981-03-18 1983-01-11 株式会社安川電機 関節形産業用ロボツトの制御装置
JPS5835607A (ja) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-02 Fanuc Ltd 数値制御装置
DE3327760A1 (de) * 1983-08-01 1985-02-14 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur vorschubkorrektur eines fraesers
US4547996A (en) * 1984-04-26 1985-10-22 Moore Special Tool Co., Inc. Jig grinder with automatic C-axis feedrate control
JPS61156309A (ja) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-16 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 速度段差平滑機能を備えた数値制御装置
JPS61157909A (ja) * 1984-12-29 1986-07-17 Fanuc Ltd ロボツトの経路誤差補正方式
JPS6294247A (ja) * 1985-10-17 1987-04-30 Toyoda Mach Works Ltd 途中停止機能を備えた数値制御工作機械
EP0267964B1 (fr) * 1986-03-25 1993-05-12 Fanuc Ltd. Systeme de commande d'une operation de taraudage
JPS63133207A (ja) * 1986-11-25 1988-06-06 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd アルキメデス曲線の創成方法
JP2769163B2 (ja) * 1988-08-19 1998-06-25 科学技術振興事業団 重心決定回路
ATE140808T1 (de) * 1988-09-26 1996-08-15 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Regelverarbeitungsmittel enthaltendes zerfranstes inferenzsystem
JP2699453B2 (ja) * 1988-09-29 1998-01-19 オムロン株式会社 加工制御システム，加工制御装置および工作物の製造方法
JPH07100262B2 (ja) * 1988-10-07 1995-11-01 三菱電機株式会社 放電加工終了判定方法及びその装置
US5193144A (en) * 1988-12-14 1993-03-09 Shimano, Inc. Fuzzy system
EP0715253B1 (fr) * 1988-12-14 1999-04-28 Omron Corporation Système et méthode de commande à logique floue
JPH02199509A (ja) * 1989-01-30 1990-08-07 Fanuc Ltd インボリュート補間速度制御方式
US4988935A (en) * 1989-05-24 1991-01-29 Universal Instruments Corporation Advanced digital motion control
JP2982010B2 (ja) * 1989-06-23 1999-11-22 三菱電機株式会社 数値制御方法及び装置
US5185849A (en) * 1989-06-27 1993-02-09 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Digital fuzzy inference apparatus having time divisional control function
JPH0354605A (ja) * 1989-07-21 1991-03-08 Fanuc Ltd 数値制御装置
JP2522415B2 (ja) * 1989-10-24 1996-08-07 三菱電機株式会社 ファジイ制御機能付プログラマブルコントロ―ラ、そのモニタシステム、および、ファジイ制御機能付プログラマブルコントロ―ラの制御方法
JPH03152604A (ja) * 1989-11-09 1991-06-28 Fanuc Ltd 数値制御装置の送り速度制御方法
JPH03263208A (ja) * 1990-03-14 1991-11-22 Brother Ind Ltd サーボモータ制御装置
US5295061A (en) * 1990-04-20 1994-03-15 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Control parameter tuning unit and a method of tuning parameters for a control unit
JPH0656580B2 (ja) * 1990-05-09 1994-07-27 株式会社イセキ開発工機 ファジイ推論演算方法及び演算装置
JP2623157B2 (ja) * 1990-07-13 1997-06-25 株式会社イセキ開発工機 移動物体の操縦装置
KR920002268A (ko) * 1990-07-17 1992-02-28 유끼노리 가까즈 인텔리젠트가공장치
US5245695A (en) * 1991-06-12 1993-09-14 American Neuralogix Inc. Fuzzy microcontroller
US5245698A (en) * 1991-08-14 1993-09-14 Omron Corporation Apparatus for and method of correcting membership functions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR930006524A (ko) 1993-04-21
EP0740236A3 (fr) 1996-12-04
DE69227788T2 (de) 1999-07-22
EP0740236A2 (fr) 1996-10-30
US5532932A (en) 1996-07-02
DE69227788D1 (de) 1999-01-14
EP0530790B1 (fr) 1999-06-09
DE69232317D1 (de) 2002-01-31
EP0740237A3 (fr) 1996-12-04
EP0530790A3 (fr) 1994-02-02
DE69229379D1 (de) 1999-07-15
EP0742511A3 (fr) 1996-12-11
EP0742511B1 (fr) 1998-12-02
DE69232317T2 (de) 2002-08-22
EP0530790A2 (fr) 1993-03-10
EP0740237A2 (fr) 1996-10-30
DE69232294D1 (de) 2002-01-24
JP3036143B2 (ja) 2000-04-24
US5598512A (en) 1997-01-28
JPH0561533A (ja) 1993-03-12
EP0742511A2 (fr) 1996-11-13
US5493502A (en) 1996-02-20
HK1009051A1 (en) 1999-05-21
KR960004558B1 (ko) 1996-04-09
DE69229379T2 (de) 2000-02-24
EP0740237B1 (fr) 2001-12-12
DE69232294T2 (de) 2002-08-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0740236B1 (fr) Unité de commande numérique
US5923561A (en) Process of generating a succession of discrete points defining cutter path, by calculating a space interval of discrete points
CA2180787C (fr) Appareil de commande numerique
EP0046032B1 (fr) Méthode de commande numérique
CN109725600B (zh) 后处理器装置、加工程序生成方法、cnc加工系统及计算机可读信息记录介质
US6539275B1 (en) Machine controller and process with two-step interpolation
US4535408A (en) Numerical control machining method and apparatus
EP0104542B1 (fr) Méthode d'usinage à commande numérique
JP3563191B2 (ja) 数値制御装置
US5578913A (en) NC device controlling machining processes with pre- and post-execution in-position values
JP4059411B2 (ja) Ｎｃ工作機械の制御装置
EP0107147B1 (fr) Processus à commande numérique et machine fonctionnant selon ce processus
US4855898A (en) NC data creation method
EP0664498B1 (fr) Procede de designation de region
EP0562632A1 (fr) Méthode et appareil pour rectifier une pièce d'oeuvre
US5112169A (en) Thread cutting method and apparatus
JP3152053B2 (ja) 切削条件設定方法および装置
JP3189829B2 (ja) 数値制御装置
KR19990045935A (ko) 외장형고속/고정도가공제어시스템
KR100270666B1 (ko) 부하제어용 고속가공 제어기 및 그 제어방법
JPH0375905A (ja) 数値制御装置の補間方式
EP0394454A1 (fr) Encochage de surface
JPH073943U (ja) Ｎｃ工作機械の制御装置
Haber et al. Fuzzy control of spindle torque in high-speed milling processes
JPH07253810A (ja) 数値制御加工装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 530790

Country of ref document: EP

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): DE GB

RHK1 Main classification (correction)

Ipc: G05B 19/18

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): DE GB

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19970310

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19980505

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 530790

Country of ref document: EP

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69232317

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20020131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 727

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 727A

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 727B

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 746

Effective date: 20021231

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20030827

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20030911

Year of fee payment: 12

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040902

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050401

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20040902