EP0583725B1 - Vorrichtung zum Durchtrennen des Zugglieds eines Verpressankers an einer vorgegebenen Stelle - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Durchtrennen des Zugglieds eines Verpressankers an einer vorgegebenen Stelle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0583725B1
EP0583725B1 EP93112845A EP93112845A EP0583725B1 EP 0583725 B1 EP0583725 B1 EP 0583725B1 EP 93112845 A EP93112845 A EP 93112845A EP 93112845 A EP93112845 A EP 93112845A EP 0583725 B1 EP0583725 B1 EP 0583725B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tension member
coil
heat
tension
forms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93112845A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0583725A1 (de
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Walter Bau AG
Original Assignee
Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG filed Critical Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Publication of EP0583725A1 publication Critical patent/EP0583725A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0583725B1 publication Critical patent/EP0583725B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
    • E02D5/765—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor removable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0405—With preparatory or simultaneous ancillary treatment of work
    • Y10T83/041—By heating or cooling
    • Y10T83/0414—At localized area [e.g., line of separation]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for severing a tension member of a compression anchor consisting of ferromagnetic material at a predetermined location according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a grout anchor has a tension member which is inserted into a borehole and brought deeply into the borehole by injecting hardening material, such as cement mortar or the like, with the borehole wall and thus with the surrounding soil.
  • hardening material such as cement mortar or the like
  • the tension member can be formed from a single element or from several elements, which in turn can consist of steel rods, wires, strands or even steel tubes.
  • the length of the tension member over which it is embedded in the compression body is referred to as the anchoring length Lv, the remaining length, which is freely stretchable for the purpose of prestressing, as the free steel length L f .
  • Grout anchors can be used to permanently anchor structures in the ground; but they can also be used only temporarily, such as. B. for backward anchoring of the wall of an excavation pit. If a temporary grouting anchor extends into a neighboring property, it usually has to be removed after completion of the construction work for which it was used.
  • a separating option for the tension member is usually provided at the transition from the anchoring length Lv to the free steel length L f , so that the free part of the tension member can be pulled out of the borehole and possibly recovered.
  • the grout itself which rarely has a length greater than about 4 to 8 m, can, when excavating work in the neighboring property, e.g. B. with bulldozers, mostly easy to remove.
  • the use of heat to reduce the strength of the steel tension member is of the greatest importance because the means necessary to generate heat are installed together with the tension member without a substantial increase in the borehole diameter and are also operable over a longer period of time can be held.
  • the tension member can be used with its full cross-section for the entire duration of its use.
  • the tension member In order to generate the heat necessary to reduce the tensile strength of the tension member, it is known to use the tension member in the area of the predetermined breaking point by means of the exothermic reaction, e.g. B. an aluminothermic mixture to heat (FR 22 74 740).
  • the exothermic reaction e.g. B. an aluminothermic mixture to heat (FR 22 74 740).
  • an ignition system In order to trigger the exothermic reaction, an ignition system is required which is difficult to keep ignitable when the armature is installed, which can extend over a long period of time.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a way to achieve such a high temperature level by using electrical energy in the steel tension member at the intended separation point in the shortest possible time that the separation occurs reliably and completely, so that the free steel length can be easily pulled out of the borehole.
  • the invention is based on the finding that by using induction in a frequency range which allows transmission of the electrical energy via a commercially available feed cable, only heating of the tension member up to the Curie temperature is possible because the ferromagnetic material of the tension member, i.e. the Steel, after which it becomes largely paramagnetic and therefore only permits a very limited supply of energy by induction.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that an additional possibility must be found for heating above the Curie temperature as far as possible up to the melting point.
  • this consists in the arrangement of a tubular core made of electrically conductive, heat-resistant and paramagnetic material, preferably austenitic steel, between the primary winding and the steel tension member to be separated.
  • the medium-frequency electrical current of 5 to 30 kHz which can be generated by means of suitable systems and can be transported over lengths of up to about 50 m without major losses to the intended separation point, in the tension member to be separated, which is how a short-circuited secondary winding acts, eddy currents generated, through which the entire cross-section of the tension member is heated evenly. It does not matter whether the clear cross section of the tubular core is completely or only partially filled by the material of the tension member or whether the tension member is wholly or locally in heat-conducting connection to the tubular core. Depending on the circumstances, any gaps can be filled with a gaseous (e.g. air), liquid (e.g. water) or solid (e.g. cement mortar, plastic) medium. In any case, the penetration depth of the electrical current should be selected so that it extends approximately to the center of the clear cross section of the tubular core, regardless of where the tension member or the tension members are located within this cross section.
  • a gaseous e.g. air
  • liquid
  • the tubular core made of paramagnetic material which allows electrical energy to pass through to the tension member, also acts as a short-circuited secondary winding, which heats up due to its electrical conductivity. Because there is a very large temperature gradient in this phase, the heat can be given off radially inwards, i.e. against the tension member.
  • the high temperature resistant thermal insulation layer between the tubular core and the primary winding prevents heat from flowing radially outwards.
  • the second phase i.e. after the Curie temperature has been reached, electrical energy is still supplied to the same extent. Since the tension member has greatly reduced ferromagnetic properties in this phase, the proportion of induction is limited so that only little energy is consumed. The electrical energy still present in this phase is converted almost exclusively into heat in the tubular core due to the transformer effect. This heat is then transferred to the tension member by heat conduction and heat radiation, so that the melting point can be reached within the service life of the coil.
  • the temperature level required for severing the steel tension member depends on the one hand on the material properties of the tension member and, on the other hand, on the tension or elongation conditions in the tension member as a result of existing or applied tensile forces and on the size of the freely movable or freely stretchable partial lengths of the tension member. Any space filling between the individual elements of the tension member practically influences the rate of temperature rise depending on the proportion of the cross-sectional area below the Curie temperature not and only slightly above the Curie temperature, namely only if it is in solid form and a large proportion of the cross-sectional area.
  • the limit cases for the application of the invention are given by the existing mechanical tensile stress on the one hand by a slack steel tensile member, which has to be practically melted for severing, and on the other hand by a purely mechanically tensioned steel tensile member, which without heating in the area of the free steel length L. f failed somewhere.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a compression anchor, which consists of a steel tension member 1, z. B. a bundle of steel wire strands, which is inserted into a borehole 2.
  • a grout 3 is generated in the compression body 3.
  • the tension member 1 over a part 1 'of its total length, the so-called Anchorage length L v , anchored.
  • the tension member 1 is freely stretchable over the remaining part 1 ′′ of its total length, the so-called free steel length L f .
  • the tension member 1, z. B. to secure a pit wall 4, anchored by an anchor 5; the anchor 5 is not the subject of the invention.
  • a device 6 by means of which a predetermined breaking point can be created by the action of heat on the tension member 1.
  • the tension member 1 can be severed at this predetermined breaking point, so that its part 1 ′′ extending over the area of the free steel length L f can be pulled out of the borehole 2.
  • the device 6 can either be in the free part 1 ′′ of the tension member 1, that is to say outside the compression body 3, but it can also — as shown — be embedded in the compression body 3.
  • this part can be moved longitudinally through the pressing body 3 and at the lower end thereof by means of suitable anchoring means, e.g. B. anchored under pressure, be anchored.
  • suitable anchoring means e.g. B. anchored under pressure
  • the device 6 is located at the lower end of the tension member 1.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 An embodiment of an inventive design of the device 6 for forming a predetermined breaking point is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in longitudinal and cross section on a larger scale.
  • the device 6 has the shape of an annular sleeve which can be pushed onto the tension member 1 before it is installed in the borehole 2.
  • the device 6 consists of an inside-out structure a tubular core made of austenitic steel, the so-called carrier tube 7, and a high-temperature-resistant thermal insulation layer 8 arranged thereon.
  • a coil 9 which acts like the primary winding of a transformer.
  • the coil 9 preferably consists of an even number of layers, e.g. B. from two layers to be able to lead the two phases of a supply line 10 on the same side of the coil 9 for anchoring 5.
  • the turns of the coil 9 are insulated from high temperatures, e.g. B. first coated with a thermal varnish and then wound with glass fibers.
  • the tension member 1 consists of a bundle of seven individual steel wire strands 11, which are embedded directly in the compression body 3 in the region of the anchoring length L v and each individually in the region of the free steel length L f of protective tubes 12 made of plastic, for. B. PE, are encased. To secure the position or to protect against water, for example, the spaces between the individual strands 11 and the inner wall of the support tube 7 z. B. filled with polyurethane foam.
  • FIG. 4 A further exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention is indicated in FIG. 4, while the design of the device 6 itself corresponds to that which was described in connection with FIG. 2, the individual strands 11 of the tension member 1 are here within a range of the free steel length L f arranged single protective tube 13.
  • the hardening material pressed in to produce the compression body 3 is prevented by a seal 14 from penetrating into the interior of the protective tube 13.
  • the coil 9 is supplied with electrical current of a frequency via the supply line 10 of about 5 to 30 kHz and a voltage of about 500 to 800 V.
  • the electrical energy can be provided via a system for generating electrical energy of higher frequency and can be supplied via a feed cable.
  • eddy currents are hereby induced in this or in its individual elements, which lead to a relatively rapid heating up until the Curie temperature is reached.
  • the support tube 7 made of austenitic steel similar to the tension member 1 itself, acts as a short-circuited winding and also heats up.
  • the steel of the tension member 1 After the Curie temperature has been reached, the steel of the tension member 1 largely loses its ferromagnetic properties and behaves practically paramagnetically. Since electrical energy continues to be supplied, but only a little is consumed by the tension member 1, a greater electrical output than before is available for heating the carrier tube 7, which continues to act as a secondary coil. In this way, the heating of the tension member can be carried out practically up to the melting point.
  • the degree to which the reduction in strength must be carried out depends on the tension or elongation still existing in the tension member 1. If the tension member is still tensioned at the time of severing, a lower temperature is sufficient for severing than in the cases in which the tension member has only a low tension or even is without tension.
  • An advantage of the design of the device 6 according to the invention is that its functionality and that of the electrical feed cable can be checked at any time by conventional electrical measuring methods.
  • the device 6 can only be operated with the corresponding electrical system of higher frequency; unwanted or unauthorized operation of the device, such as. B. by external energy sources such as lightning can be excluded.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
EP93112845A 1992-08-17 1993-08-11 Vorrichtung zum Durchtrennen des Zugglieds eines Verpressankers an einer vorgegebenen Stelle Expired - Lifetime EP0583725B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2555/92A CH681835A5 (enExample) 1992-08-17 1992-08-17
CH2555/92 1992-08-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0583725A1 EP0583725A1 (de) 1994-02-23
EP0583725B1 true EP0583725B1 (de) 1996-01-31

Family

ID=4236432

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93112845A Expired - Lifetime EP0583725B1 (de) 1992-08-17 1993-08-11 Vorrichtung zum Durchtrennen des Zugglieds eines Verpressankers an einer vorgegebenen Stelle

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5389765A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0583725B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP3163207B2 (enExample)
AT (1) ATE133734T1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2104146A1 (enExample)
CH (1) CH681835A5 (enExample)
DE (1) DE59301539D1 (enExample)
NO (1) NO932906L (enExample)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0716982B1 (en) * 1994-12-14 1999-09-15 Fokker Space B.V. System for holding together and separating parts of a construction
DE19500091C1 (de) * 1995-01-04 1996-04-04 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Sollbruchstelle an einem Zugglied für einen Verpreßanker
NL1007078C2 (nl) * 1997-09-19 1999-03-22 Ballast Nedam Funderingstechni Trekorgaan met bezwijkmiddelen.
NL1015346C2 (nl) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-03 Visser & Smit Bouw Bv Werkwijze voor het verwijderen van de vrije ankerlengte van een in de grond aangebracht groutanker, alsmede een groutanker voor het uitvoeren van deze werkwijze.
JP2007262880A (ja) * 2006-03-02 2007-10-11 Ats & E Co Ltd 埋設アンカー中の引張部材の切断装置及び切断方法
JP4910142B2 (ja) * 2006-10-05 2012-04-04 飛島建設株式会社 高周波誘導加熱アンカー除去装置
JP5217054B2 (ja) * 2007-03-02 2013-06-19 住友電工スチールワイヤー株式会社 ストランド
JP4729690B2 (ja) * 2007-03-22 2011-07-20 飛島建設株式会社 高周波誘導加熱によるアンカー除去装置及びその除去方法
JP4806370B2 (ja) * 2007-04-06 2011-11-02 飛島建設株式会社 立坑構築方法
JP4806375B2 (ja) * 2007-05-11 2011-11-02 飛島建設株式会社 立坑仮壁構築方法
CH702926B9 (de) * 2007-10-09 2011-12-30 Stahlton Ag Vorrichtung für einen zumindest teilweise ausbaubaren Anker und Verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen Ausbau eines Ankers.
JP5067693B2 (ja) * 2007-10-23 2012-11-07 高周波熱錬株式会社 加熱コイル装置及び高周波加熱装置
EP2998447B1 (de) 2010-03-25 2017-10-04 Stahlton AG Verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen ausbau eines ankers
EP3111015B1 (en) 2014-02-25 2019-12-11 VSL International AG Removable anchor
EP3321423B1 (de) 2016-11-10 2020-01-08 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Ankeranordnung im boden, bodenanker und verfahren zum verankern
DE202017102490U1 (de) 2017-04-27 2017-05-17 FiReP International AG Ankeranordnung im Boden sowie Bodenanker
CN110080220B (zh) * 2019-05-24 2023-11-28 北京爱地地质勘察基础工程公司 一种具有加热固化土体锚杆结构及其使用方法
CN111042105B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2021-08-17 青海民族大学 湿陷性黄土基坑防滑塌融铅融铝板结支护桩

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2178720A (en) * 1938-02-23 1939-11-07 Du Pont Induction heated pipe
US2948797A (en) * 1959-01-30 1960-08-09 Gen Electric Annealing furnace
US4007349A (en) * 1973-02-14 1977-02-08 John Charles Burley Inductive method for cutting cloth
DE2428729C3 (de) * 1974-06-14 1981-12-24 Philipp Holzmann Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zum Ausbauen des Zuggliedes eines Verpreßankers
FR2274740A1 (fr) 1975-06-27 1976-01-09 Fischer Joachim Procede pour l'extractio
CH603919A5 (en) 1976-04-02 1978-08-31 Losinger Ag Releasing free section of tie anchor
JPH0255942U (enExample) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-23
US4916278A (en) * 1989-09-01 1990-04-10 Thermatool Corporation Severing metal strip with high frequency electrical current

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5389765A (en) 1995-02-14
ATE133734T1 (de) 1996-02-15
CA2104146A1 (en) 1994-02-18
NO932906D0 (no) 1993-08-16
DE59301539D1 (de) 1996-03-14
EP0583725A1 (de) 1994-02-23
CH681835A5 (enExample) 1993-05-28
JPH06158656A (ja) 1994-06-07
NO932906L (no) 1994-02-18
JP3163207B2 (ja) 2001-05-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0583725B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Durchtrennen des Zugglieds eines Verpressankers an einer vorgegebenen Stelle
DE3734953A1 (de) Abstandhalter fuer ein spannbares zugglied
WO2014166003A4 (de) Verfahren zum erstellen von vorgespannten betonbauwerken mittels profilen aus einer formgedächtnis-legierung, sowie bauwerk, hergestellt nach dem verfahren
DE2443282B2 (de) Verfahren zum Ausbauen des Zuggliedes eines Verpreßankers und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
US3936924A (en) Releaseable steel cable anchor and method for withdrawing the same
EP0976873B1 (de) Injektions- oder Verpresskörper
DE3400350C2 (enExample)
DE19500091C1 (de) Verfahren zum Erzeugen einer Sollbruchstelle an einem Zugglied für einen Verpreßanker
DE2428729C3 (de) Verfahren zum Ausbauen des Zuggliedes eines Verpreßankers
EP0481079B1 (de) Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Herstellung eines Pfahls
CH603919A5 (en) Releasing free section of tie anchor
CH702926B9 (de) Vorrichtung für einen zumindest teilweise ausbaubaren Anker und Verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen Ausbau eines Ankers.
AT393406B (de) Vorrichtung zum trennen des zugglieds eines vorgespannten verpressankers durch bilden einer sollbruchstelle
EP1486617A1 (de) Wieder ausbaubarer Verpressanker
EP3336258A1 (de) Endverankerung für einen boden- und/oder felsanker
EP2550404B1 (de) Vorrichtung für einen zumindest teilweise ausbaubaren anker und verfahren zum zumindest teilweisen ausbau eines ankers
EP2241699A2 (de) Ankerhülse für die Verankerung von vorgespannten Bewehrungselementen
EP4424916B1 (de) Ankeranordnung und ankerverfahren
EP3321423B1 (de) Ankeranordnung im boden, bodenanker und verfahren zum verankern
EP3517688B1 (de) Bodenankerelement
DE2408397C3 (de) Verfahren zum Entfernen des gesamten Stahlzuggliedes eines Verpreßankers und Stahlzugglied zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
DE29715363U1 (de) Ankerelement für einen Verpreßanker
DE1634554A1 (de) Injektionszuganker
EP2896750B1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Verankerung einer Baukonstruktion
EP2736306A1 (de) Herstellungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Induktionsvorrichtung für die Erwärmung eines Schwerölreservoirs sowie Induktionsvorrichtung für die Erwärmung eines Schwerölreservoirs

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19940223

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950711

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19960131

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 133734

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59301539

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960314

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: SCHAAD, BALASS & PARTNER AG

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19960430

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 19960131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960831

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19980709

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19980817

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19980820

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19980825

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990811

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990831

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19991119

Year of fee payment: 7

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: DYCKERHOFF & WIDMANN A.G.

Effective date: 19990831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000428

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000831

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL