EP0535311B1 - Lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0535311B1
EP0535311B1 EP92109933A EP92109933A EP0535311B1 EP 0535311 B1 EP0535311 B1 EP 0535311B1 EP 92109933 A EP92109933 A EP 92109933A EP 92109933 A EP92109933 A EP 92109933A EP 0535311 B1 EP0535311 B1 EP 0535311B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
lamp according
filling
halide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92109933A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0535311A1 (fr
Inventor
Dietrich Dr. Fromm
Andreas Dr. Hohlfeld
Günter Söhring
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp of low power. This means the range of around 35 - 200 W.
  • metal halide lamps for general lighting which are essentially characterized by a warm white light color (WDL) or neutral light color (NDL) corresponding to a color temperature of approximately 2600-4600 K.
  • WDL warm white light color
  • NNL neutral light color
  • Criteria for the suitability in general lighting are in particular a long lifespan of ⁇ 6000 hours and the best possible color rendering, which is expressed in a high Ra index.
  • a minimum value of Ra8 80 is sought for the overall color rendering index.
  • the individual index R9 which forms a yardstick for the reproduction in the red spectral range, is of particular importance. So far it has not been possible to find a satisfactory compromise between long service life and good color rendering.
  • DE-C-2 106 447 is one for the NDL light color developed filling from halides of sodium and various rare earth metals (SE) known.
  • SE rare earth metals
  • this filling is not suitable for the WDL light color, since too high a wall load would be required to achieve this light color, which, in connection with the fact that the major part of the rare earth material is present in the lamp as condensate, quickly becomes one chemical reaction of the filling substances with the quartz glass leads (devitrification), which significantly affects the service life.
  • An important aspect of the invention is the consideration that with careful selection of the filling components, the wall load of a discharge vessel made of quartz glass can be chosen to be higher than the experts have assumed up to now.
  • a limit of 20 W / cm2 has generally been regarded as the limit value, which can be seen, for example, in the "Technical and Scientific Treatments of the OSRAM Society” (TWAOG), Volume 12, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg 1986, page 11 et seq 15), is expressed.
  • Another document is DE-A-40 13 039, page 3.
  • the wall load increases with decreasing power level. This compensates for the heat losses that increase with the correspondingly small lamp dimensions. It is particularly critical for power levels below 100 W, which are particularly preferred for interior lighting.
  • a molar ratio of Na-H.:Sc-H. from 5 ... 24: 1 (preferably from 5 ... 22: 1, particularly preferably from 5 ... 19: 1) and Na-H.:Tl-H. from 25 ... 73: 1 used.
  • the sodium content is therefore reduced.
  • the present invention is therefore essentially based on the knowledge of the different roles of these two sodium compounds in relation to the filling / wall reaction and on the consequences drawn from them.
  • the result is a partially saturated lamp that is designed to be saturated with respect to the Na halides but unsaturated with respect to the complex compound and the Sc and Tl halides. If the Na-Sc ratio is below 5: 1, the desired color temperature cannot be achieved.
  • the reduction in the amount of sodium is compensated for by two measures: the first is a corresponding increase in the cold spot temperature in order to achieve the same warm white light color. This is done using a reflective coating. In particular, it is heat accumulation at the two ends of the two-sided squeezed discharge vessel.
  • the heat accumulation behavior must be optimized so that the cold spot temperature Tc exceeds 800 ° C; Previously common Tc values were around 600-800 ° C for quartz glass, whereas higher Tc values were previously only possible with ceramic discharge tubes.
  • This temperature is achieved particularly elegantly by a layer thickness of the heat accumulation covering which is considerably increased compared to previous versions. This effect can be intensified by evacuating the outer bulb.
  • the second measure is the use of Tl in the dosage according to the invention.
  • the task of the Tl is not so much in its direct contribution to improving color rendering.
  • the focus is rather on the fact that it partially takes on the function of Na as an electron supplier.
  • the degree of ionization of the Na vapor phase is reduced accordingly.
  • a large part of the sodium is therefore present as a neutral atom, which supports the broadening of the Na resonance line.
  • the thallium additive is dimensioned so that the lamp, when baked (after approx. 100 hours), lies almost exactly on the Planck curve and thus harmonises well with other light sources.
  • a Na-Tl ratio below 25: 1 would give the lamp a green tinge.
  • a ratio above 73: 1 would have an unfavorable effect on the burning voltage and the reignition behavior.
  • a Na / Tl ratio between 25: 1 and 50: 1 if iodine is used exclusively as the halide.
  • the heat accumulation behavior can be influenced favorably by carefully designing the heat accumulation coating in the form of two calottes.
  • the decisive factor here is the thickness of the covering, its purity and the distance between the two covering domes. Zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide with a purity of at least 97% according to DE-OS 38 32 643 is advantageously used. With regard to the layer thickness, the dimensioning of which has so far been given no particular attention, care must be taken that it is sufficiently large, namely optically thick.
  • the thickness of an aluminum or zirconium oxide layer must be at least 0.15 mm.
  • the distance between the two spherical caps of the covering should advantageously be chosen so that it is approximately 90 to 105% of the electrode distance.
  • the absolute dosage of the Na-Sc-Tl system is preferably 2.5 to 5.5 mg / cm3, based on the internal volume of the discharge vessel, so that the system is just at the limit of saturation.
  • Iodine possibly with a certain proportion of bromine, can be used as halogen.
  • the Sc partial pressure decreases, since the Sc, unlike Na, has no replenishment from the soil. This is associated with a shift towards lower color temperatures. It is therefore advisable to add a small amount of elemental scandium as a compensation, which can reduce the color drift at the start of the burning time.
  • bromine as the halide
  • Typical values are 30%, regardless of the light color.
  • the use of bromine is already known as a theoretical alternative to pure iodine fillings from US Pat. No. 4,866,342, but it has not yet been used in the lamps according to the invention. Only now has the behavior of a mixed filling of iodine and bromine been clarified to such an extent that their use appears to be particularly advantageous.
  • bromine causes the decrease in luminous flux (previously up to 30%), the decrease in color temperature (previously up to 600 K) and the drift of the color locus (decrease in the y-coordinate up to 10 hundredths of a point) during the first 100 to 500 Operating hours is improved by more than 50%.
  • Na-Sc ratio 5 ... 13: 1 (based on the halides) is preferred for the exclusive addition of iodine as the halide, in the case of an I / Br mixed filling a higher value, in particular up to 22: 1 , possibly even up to 24: 1, recommended.
  • the reason is that the addition of bromine causes a higher color temperature due to the partial elimination of the iodine-related absorption in the blue spectral range. This must be compensated for by increasing the Na-Sc ratio.
  • zirconium and / or hafnium halides can also be used in a total amount of up to 4 mol% of the metal halide filling.
  • Zr is also suitable for improving the R9 index because it also emits in the red spectral range.
  • Another important dimensioning is the ratio of the maximum inside diameter of the Discharge vessel to the electrode gap. It is advantageously about 1.1 to 1.4 and is thus significantly higher than the previously usual values of typically 0.9.
  • the term maximum inner diameter also indicates that the discharge vessel should preferably be bulged in the middle. In particular, a barrel body has proven itself. Another option is an ellipsoid. The degree of bulging is chosen in particular so that the so-called effective average inner diameter is approximately 0.9 to 1.2 times the electrode spacing.
  • the effective mean inner diameter is defined by the root of the inner volume that has been divided by the electrode spacing (cf. EP-B-215 524).
  • a particular advantage of the lamp according to the invention is that the operating voltage of 100 V remains constant over a good approximation.
  • the lamp can be operated in any burning position without any significant change in the color values. This makes the lamp particularly suitable for illuminating large areas (e.g. halls), since the individual lamps have only slightly different color values.
  • the invention creates high-pressure discharge lamps of low power which are suitable for interior lighting. With a lifespan of 6000 hours, a color rendering index Ra8 ⁇ 80 and an R9 of ⁇ -30 are created. The proportion of red increases from 15% to more than 20%.
  • the 75 W high-pressure discharge lamp 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a discharge vessel 2 made of quartz glass, which is squeezed on both sides and is enclosed by an evacuated outer bulb 3, which has a base on both sides.
  • the electrodes 4, 5 - shown schematically - are melted gas-tight into the discharge vessel 2 by means of foils 6, 7 and via the current leads 8, 9, the sealing foils 10, 11 of the outer bulb 3 and via further short current leads with the electrical connections of the ceramic base (R7s ) 12, 13 connected.
  • the current leads 8, 9 are encased by a fabric made of quartz fibers (not visible), which suppresses the formation of photoelectrons in the outer bulb. As a result, the lifespan can be significantly extended over 6000 hours.
  • a getter material 14 applied to a metal plate is additionally melted potential-free via a piece of wire.
  • the ends of the discharge vessel 2 are provided with a heat-reflecting coating 15, 16 made of zirconium dioxide with a layer thickness of provided about 0.2 mm, so that the cold spot temperature is kept well above 800 ° C.
  • the coating forms two domes, the inner edges of which are arranged at the level of the electrode tips.
  • the electrode distance of 7 mm also corresponds to the distance between the inner edges.
  • the discharge vessel 2 is bulged in a barrel shape.
  • the generatrix of the barrel body is a circular arc with a radius of 11.1 mm.
  • the inside length of the discharge vessel is 14 mm, its inside volume is 0.69 m3 with a wall load of up to 22 W / cm2.
  • the quartz glass is about 1.3 mm thick.
  • the discharge vessel 2 contains a total of 2 mg of the following metal halides (molar fraction in% of the total metal halides): 89% NaI, 8.3 in order to achieve a warm white light color (WDL) with a color temperature of 3000 K in addition to 16 mg of mercury and 120 mbar argon % ScI3 and 2.7% TlI.
  • WDL warm white light color
  • the luminous flux (100 hours value) increases by 20% to 6000 lm compared to a lamp with a known filling with the halides of sodium, tin, thallium, indium and lithium.
  • the luminous efficacy is 77 lm / W instead of 67 lm / W (15% increase).
  • the index R9 improves from -90 to -20, with the red component increasing from 15 to 21%.
  • the service life is 6000 hours.
  • the color scatter is reduced from ⁇ 300 K to ⁇ 130 K.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the spectrum of a 75 W lamp with the known sodium-tin filling (dashed line) with a structurally identical lamp which contains the above sodium-scandium-thallium filling.
  • the color temperature is set to 3300 K.
  • the spectrum has additional single lines (a) that contribute to the improved color rendering index. They are caused by the addition of scandium.
  • the uniformity of the spectrum is significantly improved. Strong single lines in the spectrum of the conventional lamp, such as the lines of sodium (b), lithium (c), indium (d), mercury (e) and thallium (f) are more or less leveled (lithium is still present as an impurity).
  • Another embodiment is a similarly constructed 150 W lamp with warm white light color (WDL), the filling of which, in addition to mercury and argon, has a total of 4 mg of the same metal halide component as in the previous embodiment.
  • WDL warm white light color
  • This lamp also has a lifespan of at least 6000 hours.
  • the color scatter decreases from ⁇ 300 K to ⁇ 130 K.
  • the older comparison values relate to a filling that contains the iodides of dysprosium, holmium, thulium, sodium and thallium as metal halides.
  • the NaI content can be partially (typically 30%) replaced by NaBr.
  • elemental Sc in an amount of 0.03 mg can be added to the Na-Sc-Tl filling of the first exemplary embodiment. This compensates for the inevitable loss of filling quantity in the first 100 hours, so that the constancy of the color values and also the burning voltage is improved.
  • Another scandium compound that releases Sc in substoichiometric amounts is suitable for this, e.g. ScI2.
  • the dimensions of the discharge vessels mentioned above are particularly advantageous because they avoid acoustic resonances when operating on high-frequency ballasts.
  • HPS filling color temperature 4000 K
  • metal halide component proportions in mol%): 81.9% NaI, 14% ScI3, 2.7% HfI4 and 1 , 4% TlI.
  • the molar ratio NaI / ScI3 is 6: 1 and the ratio NaJ / TlJ is 58: 1.
  • the invention has its main advantages in those of particular interest for interior lighting Color temperatures in the range of about 3000 K unfolded, corresponding to a light color WDL.
  • the addition of thallium is of very great importance here, corresponding to a halide ratio Na / Tl of 25 ... 50: 1 for pure iodine fillings or up to 73: 1 for mixed fillings.
  • the principle of the invention can also be transferred to color temperatures of approximately 4300 K (corresponding to the light color NDL).
  • the influence of thallium naturally decreases, so that in this case a halide ratio Na / Tl up to 70: 1 is recommended for pure iodine fillings; a ratio of 50: 1 ... 65: 1 is particularly advantageous.
  • a ratio of 50: 1 ... 73: 1 is particularly suitable for mixed fillings.

Claims (14)

  1. Lampe à décharge à haute pression et de faible puissance ayant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    - une enceinte de décharge (2) en verre au quartz,
    - une ampoule extérieure (3) transparente, dans laquelle est disposée l'enceinte de décharge (2), un système d'entrée du courant passant à travers les parois de l'ampoule extérieure et de l'enceinte de décharge en allant à deux électrodes (4, 5) dans l'enceinte de décharge,
    - un remplissage ionisable dans l'enceinte de décharge, qui contient du gaz rare, du mercure ainsi qu'un halogénure métallique essentiellement à base des métaux que sont le sodium, le scandium et le thallium,
    - le rapport molaire entre la proportion de l'halogénure de sodium (Na.-H.) et de l'halogénure de scandium (Sc.-H.) est compris entre 5:1 et 14:1,
    - le rapport molaire entre l'halogénure de sodium (Na.-H.) et l'halogénure de thallium (Tl.-H.) est compris entre 25:1 et 73:1,
    - l'enceinte de décharge (2) est munie d'une couche de réflexion (15, 16) pour améliorer le comportement à l'accumulation de chaleur.
  2. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que pour obtenir une couleur de la lumière blanc neutre (NDL), correspondant à une température de couleur typiquement de 3800 K à 4600 K, le rapport molaire entre la proportion de Na.-H. et de Tl.-H. est compris entre 50:1 et 73:1.
  3. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le remplissage contient comme halogène exclusivement de l'iode, le rapport molaire Na.-H. à Sc.-H. étant compris entre 5:1 et 13:1.
  4. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que pour obtenir une couleur de lumière blanche chaude (WDL) correspondant à une température de couleur typiquement de 2600 à 3500 K, le rapport molaire entre les proportions de Na.-H. et de Tl.-H. est compris entre 25:1 et 50:1.
  5. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le remplissage contient comme halogène un mélange d'iode et de brome, le rapport molaire de Na.-H. à Sc.-H. étant compris entre 8:1 et 24:1.
  6. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la proportion du brome représente jusqu'à 70 % de la quantité d'halogène.
  7. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 2 ou 6, caractérisée en ce que pour obtenir une couleur de lumière blanche chaude, la proportion du brome représente jusqu'à 40 % de la quantité d'halogène.
  8. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'ampoule extérieure (3) est mise sous vide.
  9. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les halogénures métalliques contiennent en outre des composés de l'hafnium et/ou du zirconium.
  10. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le remplissage contient en outre du scandium élémentaire.
  11. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'enceinte de décharge (2) est pincée des deux côtés, le revêtement étant en forme de calotte de chaque côté et la distance entre les deux calottes (15, 16) représentant de 105 à 90 % environ de la distance entre les électrodes.
  12. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre les électrodes EA (en mm) est déterminée en fonction de la puissance L (en watt) par la formule EA = 0,85 (± 0,1) x √L.
  13. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le revêtement est en oxyde de zirconium en une couche d'au moins 0,15 mm d'épaisseur.
  14. Lampe à décharge à haute pression suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la raie de résonance du sodium (b) apparaît auto-absorbée et forme deux ailes (b1, b2), la distance entre les valeurs maximum (crêtes) des deux ailes étant comprise entre 7 et 12 nm environ.
EP92109933A 1991-09-30 1992-06-12 Lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0535311B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4132530A DE4132530A1 (de) 1991-09-30 1991-09-30 Hochdruckentladungslampe kleiner leistung
DE4132530 1991-09-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0535311A1 EP0535311A1 (fr) 1993-04-07
EP0535311B1 true EP0535311B1 (fr) 1994-03-16

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EP92109933A Expired - Lifetime EP0535311B1 (fr) 1991-09-30 1992-06-12 Lampe à décharge à haute pression de faible puissance

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Country Link
US (1) US5363007A (fr)
EP (1) EP0535311B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH05205697A (fr)
KR (1) KR100232590B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1047689C (fr)
CA (1) CA2079438A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4132530A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU214135B (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1073804A (zh) 1993-06-30
US5363007A (en) 1994-11-08
EP0535311A1 (fr) 1993-04-07
KR100232590B1 (ko) 1999-12-01
DE59200089D1 (de) 1994-04-21
CA2079438A1 (fr) 1993-03-31
CN1047689C (zh) 1999-12-22
HU9202811D0 (en) 1992-11-30
DE4132530A1 (de) 1993-04-01
HU214135B (en) 1997-12-29
HUT62422A (en) 1993-04-28
JPH05205697A (ja) 1993-08-13
KR930006808A (ko) 1993-04-21

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