EP0497418B2 - Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0497418B2
EP0497418B2 EP92200214A EP92200214A EP0497418B2 EP 0497418 B2 EP0497418 B2 EP 0497418B2 EP 92200214 A EP92200214 A EP 92200214A EP 92200214 A EP92200214 A EP 92200214A EP 0497418 B2 EP0497418 B2 EP 0497418B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion chamber
combustion
coal
separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92200214A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0497418A1 (fr
EP0497418B1 (fr
Inventor
Georg Dr. Schaub
Gebhard Dr. Bandel
Rainer Dr. Reimert
Hans Beisswenger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0497418A1 publication Critical patent/EP0497418A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0497418B1 publication Critical patent/EP0497418B1/fr
Publication of EP0497418B2 publication Critical patent/EP0497418B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/101—Entrained or fast fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning granular coal in a circulating fluidized bed which has a combustion chamber, a separator connected to the upper region of the combustion chamber for separating combustion gas and solids and a return line for returning solids from the separator to the combustion chamber, wherein granular coal and introduces air into the lower region of the combustion chamber, extracts combustion gas containing solids and oxygen from the combustion chamber and directs it into the separator and supplies combustion gas from the separator to a cooling system.
  • a method of this kind is known from EP-A-0 302 849.
  • the coal first reaches a pyrolysis area and then a combustion area, which is partially separated from it.
  • the gases and vapors from both areas are burned together in an afterburner.
  • Temperatures in the range of about 800 to 1200 ° C arise, which suppresses the formation of NO x .
  • a fuel-power plant with circulating fluidized bed combustion is described in "Fuel-Heat-Power", Volume 38 (1986), pp. 320 to 326.
  • the ash cycle leads through a fluid bed cooler, which is connected to the combustion chamber by an oblique return.
  • the fuel is added to this return line, so that the fuel is predried and pre-degassed before the combustion chamber, which has a favorable effect on the denitrification process.
  • the invention has for its object to keep the content of N 2 O in the combustion gas that enters the atmosphere as low as possible in the above-mentioned method. According to the invention, this is done by mixing granular coal with hot solids coming from the separator in a mixing zone outside the combustion chamber, the coal being smoldered and carbonization gas being produced, the carbonization gas containing combustible components is withdrawn from the mixing zone and mixed with it outside the combustion chamber the oxygen-containing combustion gas coming from the combustion chamber, the carbonization gas at least partially burning and the temperature of the combustion gas being increased to 900 to 1200 ° C. The increase in temperature virtually eliminates the N 2 O content in the combustion gas.
  • the coal used for the smoldering is advantageously the same coal that is also burned in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion gas with the elevated temperature in the range from 900 to 1200 ° C not only has a very low N 2 O content of at most 50 ppm, it also increases the efficiency in the subsequent generation of water vapor in the cooling.
  • the carbonization gas from the distillation of the coal mainly contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane as combustible components.
  • the solid residue formed during smoldering, which is primarily coke, can at least partially be released into the Combustion chamber given and burned there. In this way, the carbonization gas can be produced without great effort.
  • granular coal which is introduced in line (2), is burned together with air from lines (3) and (4) in the fluidized state.
  • a cyclone which is connected to the upper region of the combustion chamber (1) by a channel (7), and a solids return line (8) are part of the system working according to the principle of the circulating fluidized bed as separator (6).
  • the resulting heat can be used for steam generation, for example, which is not taken into account in the drawing.
  • the gas leaving the cyclone (6) flows in line (5) to a cooling device (18) and arrives in line (19), for example, to a dust removal device (not shown) before it is passed into the atmosphere.
  • the known system parts also include a swirl chamber (9), to which fine-grained solids are fed from the cyclone (6) through the line (8a).
  • the solids in the chamber (9) are whirled up by fluidizing air from the line (11), and part of the heat is removed in the indirect heat exchanger (12).
  • the solids treated in this way are then at least partially returned to the combustion chamber (1) through line (13); an excess of solids can be removed from the process in line (14).
  • the carbonization gas is generated by removing the hot solid residue from the line (8a) in the swirl chamber (9) mixes with granular coal from the line (20), whereby the coal is smoldered at a mixing temperature in the range of about 300 to 800 ° C.
  • the fluidizing air from line (11) supports the mixing of the solids.
  • Indirect cooling (12) can be dispensed with in whole or in part.
  • the carbonization gas generated, which contains combustible constituents and possibly the fluidizing gas from line (11), is drawn off in line (21).
  • this carbonization gas can be distributed into the channel (7) or it can be added through line (22) to the combustion gas of line (5) in order to achieve the afterburning there.
  • the oxygen in the combustion gas is sufficient for the desired afterburning.
  • the combustion gas leaving the cyclone (6) in line (5) therefore has a minimal N 2 O content of at most about 50 ppm.
  • the solid line (8) leads from the cyclone (6) to a siphon (24) known per se. to which vortex and transport air is fed through line (27).
  • a solid bed can form in the line (8) through the siphon (24). which serves as a pressure lock between the combustion chamber (1) and the cyclone (6).
  • the solids enter the combustion chamber through line (8b).
  • the carbonization gas is generated in the siphon (24), to which vortex and transport air is fed through line (27).
  • Granular coal is added through line (28), which forms carbonization gas from line (8) when heated by mixing with the hot solid residue.
  • This smoldering gas can be distributed into the channel (7) for afterburning according to FIG. 1 or added to the combustion gas of line (5) through lines (21) and (22).
  • the combustion gas in line (7) has an O 2 content of 5.6%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé de combustion de charbon granulé dans un lit fluidisé circulant, qui comporte une chambre de combustion, un séparateur qui est destiné à séparer le gaz de combustion et les matières solides et qui est relié à la zone supérieure de la chambre de combustion, et une conduite de retour pour renvoyer des matières solides du séparateur à la chambre de combustion, dans lequel on introduit du charbon granulé et de l'air dans la zone inférieure de la chambre de combustion, on soutire de la chambre de combustion du gaz de combustion contenant des matières solides et de l'oxygène et on l'envoie dans le séparateur, et on envoie le gaz de combustion provenant du séparateur à une unité de refroidissement, on mélange dans une zone de mélange à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion du charbon granulé à des matières solides chaudes provenant du séparateur, le charbon étant carbonisé et du gaz de carbonisation étant produit, on soutire le gaz de carbonisation contenant des constituants combustibles de la zone de mélange et on le mélange à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion à du gaz de combustion contenant de l'oxygène et provenant de la chambre de combustion, le gaz de carbonisation étant brûlé au moins partiellement, et la température du gaz de combustion étant portée à une valeur de 900 à 1200° C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute le gaz de carbonisation au gaz de combustion en aval du séparateur.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on envoie à la chambre de combustion le résidu de matière solide formé dans la zone de mélange lors de la carbonisation.
EP92200214A 1991-02-01 1992-01-27 Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant Expired - Lifetime EP0497418B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4102959 1991-02-01
DE4102959A DE4102959A1 (de) 1991-02-01 1991-02-01 Verfahren zum verbrennen von kohle in der zirkulierenden wirbelschicht

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0497418A1 EP0497418A1 (fr) 1992-08-05
EP0497418B1 EP0497418B1 (fr) 1995-04-26
EP0497418B2 true EP0497418B2 (fr) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=6424128

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92200214A Expired - Lifetime EP0497418B2 (fr) 1991-02-01 1992-01-27 Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5159886A (fr)
EP (1) EP0497418B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3101055B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU644262B2 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ282120B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4102959A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0497418T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2072081T5 (fr)
SK (1) SK279954B6 (fr)

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FI89742C (fi) * 1991-11-27 1993-11-10 Imatran Voima Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer torkning av braensle i en virvelbaeddspanna
NL9300666A (nl) * 1993-04-20 1994-11-16 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
US5363812A (en) * 1994-02-18 1994-11-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for controlling the bed temperature in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
SE502292C2 (sv) * 1994-08-19 1995-10-02 Kvaerner Enviropower Ab Förfarande för tvåstegsförbränning av fasta bränslen i en cirkulerande fluidiserad bädd
AT403168B (de) * 1995-11-02 1997-11-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren und einrichtung zum rückführen eines aus einem reaktorgefäss mit einem gas ausgetragenen feinteiligen feststoffes
US5911201A (en) * 1996-01-13 1999-06-15 Llb Lurgi Lentjes Babcock Energietechnik Gmbh Steam boiler with pressurized circulating fluidized bed firing
DE19622299C2 (de) * 1996-05-21 2000-10-12 Ver Energiewerke Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer druckaufgeladenen zirkulierenden Wirbelschichtfeuerung zur Erzeugung eines arbeitsfähigen Gases für die Gasturbine eines Kombikraftwerkes
DE19633674C2 (de) 1996-08-21 1998-07-16 Hamburger Gaswerke Gmbh In-Line Gasvorwärmung
US5784975A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-28 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Control scheme for large circulating fluid bed steam generators (CFB)
NL1005517C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
NL1005514C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
NL1005518C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
DE19714593A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht
US5967098A (en) * 1998-06-22 1999-10-19 Tanca; Michael C. Oil shale fluidized bed
DE19903510C2 (de) * 1999-01-29 2002-03-07 Mg Technologies Ag Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht
US7047894B2 (en) * 1999-11-02 2006-05-23 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for combustion of residual carbon in fly ash
ATE349653T1 (de) 1999-11-02 2007-01-15 Cons Eng Co Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von restkohlenstoffen in flugasche
FR2802287B1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2002-01-11 Abb Alstom Power Comb Procede pour l'amelioration de la combustion dans un systeme a lit fluidise circulant et systeme correspondant
KR20020035518A (ko) * 2002-03-29 2002-05-11 동 엽 강 폐기물처리장치
KR100495236B1 (ko) * 2002-06-12 2005-06-16 강병석 탄화장치
CZ301745B6 (cs) * 2004-08-18 2010-06-09 Ptácek@Milan Zpusob regulace výšky fluidní vrstvy kotle s fluidním spalováním a kotel s fluidním spalováním pro provádení tohoto zpusobu
US7287477B2 (en) * 2004-10-13 2007-10-30 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Cyclone bypass for a circulating fluidized bed reactor
FR2887322B1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2007-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Dispositif a lit fluidise circulant pourvu d'un foyer de combustion a l'oxygene
JP5417753B2 (ja) * 2008-07-11 2014-02-19 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 循環流動層ガス化炉
CN101696799B (zh) * 2009-10-31 2011-05-25 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 预防循环流化床锅炉结焦装置
CN103411211B (zh) * 2013-08-30 2016-10-19 厦门中科城环新能源有限公司 适合生物质及危险固废的流化床气化燃烧锅炉
CZ309654B6 (cs) * 2022-09-08 2023-06-14 ATOMA - tepelná technika, s.r.o. Recirkulační okruh spalovacího zařízení pro spalování směsi zemního plynu a vodíku

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU644262B2 (en) 1993-12-02
EP0497418A1 (fr) 1992-08-05
CS28492A3 (en) 1992-09-16
DE4102959C2 (fr) 1992-11-12
DE59201992D1 (de) 1995-06-01
CZ282120B6 (cs) 1997-05-14
ES2072081T3 (es) 1995-07-01
DE4102959A1 (de) 1992-08-13
SK279954B6 (sk) 1999-06-11
JPH05203112A (ja) 1993-08-10
DK0497418T3 (da) 1995-07-03
EP0497418B1 (fr) 1995-04-26
US5159886A (en) 1992-11-03
JP3101055B2 (ja) 2000-10-23
ES2072081T5 (es) 1998-03-01
AU1060692A (en) 1992-08-06

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