EP0497418B1 - Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0497418B1
EP0497418B1 EP92200214A EP92200214A EP0497418B1 EP 0497418 B1 EP0497418 B1 EP 0497418B1 EP 92200214 A EP92200214 A EP 92200214A EP 92200214 A EP92200214 A EP 92200214A EP 0497418 B1 EP0497418 B1 EP 0497418B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion
coal
combustion chamber
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92200214A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0497418A1 (fr
EP0497418B2 (fr
Inventor
Georg Dr. Schaub
Gebhard Dr. Bandel
Rainer Dr. Reimert
Hans Beisswenger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0497418A1 publication Critical patent/EP0497418A1/fr
Publication of EP0497418B1 publication Critical patent/EP0497418B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0497418B2 publication Critical patent/EP0497418B2/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/005—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus comprising two or more beds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/101—Entrained or fast fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning granular coal in the circulating fluidized bed, which has a combustion chamber, a separator for separating combustion gas and solids and a return line for returning solids from the separator to the combustion chamber, wherein granular coal and air in the lower region of the Combustion chamber initiates, withdraws combustion gas containing solids and oxygen from the combustion chamber and leads into the separator and supplies combustion gas from the separator for cooling.
  • Solid fuel combustion in the circulating fluidized bed to e.g. Generating water vapor is known and is described in European patent 0 046 406, in DE-OS 38 00 863 and in the corresponding US patent 4,884,408. From DE-A-2 736 493 it is known to smolder coal, to burn the coke produced and to mix and afterburn the combustion gas with the smoldering gas.
  • the invention has for its object to keep the content of N 2 0 in the combustion gas that enters the atmosphere as low as possible in the above-mentioned method. According to the invention, this is done by introducing carbonization gas containing combustible constituents into the oxygen-containing combustion gas, at least partially burning the carbonization gas in the combustion gas and thereby increasing the temperature of the combustion gas to 900 to 1200 ° C. and producing the carbonization gas by granular coal in a mixing zone and mixes hot solids from the separator, smoldering the coal.
  • the coal used for the smoldering is advantageously the same coal that is also burned in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion gas with the elevated temperature in the range of 900 to 1200 ° C not only has a very low N 2 0 content of at most about 50 ppm, it also increases the efficiency in the subsequent generation of water vapor in the cooling.
  • the carbonization gas is expediently added to the combustion gas in the upper region of the combustion chamber or outside the combustion chamber, e.g. in the downstream lines, added.
  • the carbonization gas from the distillation of the coal mainly contains carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane as combustible components.
  • the solid residue formed during smoldering, which is primarily coke, can be at least partially added to the combustion chamber and burned there. In this way, the carbonization gas can be produced without great effort.
  • Another possibility of obtaining a carbonization gas containing combustible constituents is to partially use the gas mixture formed in the lower region of the combustion chamber as carbonization gas.
  • the gas mixture formed in the lower region of the combustion chamber there are reducing conditions at temperatures of about 600 to 850 ° C., so that the granular coal is mainly smelted there, as a result of which the gas mixture contains CO and CH 4 , among other things. There is no additional smoldering equipment.
  • PCT patent application WO 88/05494 describes the combustion of coal in a fluidized bed furnace, the exhaust gases being passed into a steam generator.
  • the steam generator is additionally supplied with coal dust and air and the mixture is burned at around 1000 to 1200 C.
  • the aim of this combustion in the steam generator is to eliminate toxic substances, in particular dioxins, in the flue gas, the high temperatures also necessarily leading to the N content 2 0 is reduced.
  • this known method is very complex in terms of apparatus, so that it is not or only rarely possible in practice.
  • no complex combustion zone is used in the process according to the invention, and in general the excess of oxygen present in the combustion gas is sufficient to achieve the desired afterburning by adding carbonization gas.
  • the plant which works on the principle of the circulating fluidized bed, includes a cyclone as a separator, which is connected to the upper region of the combustion chamber by a duct, and a solids return line.
  • the resulting heat can be used for steam generation, for example, which is not taken into account in the drawing.
  • the gas leaving the cyclone flows in the line to a cooling device and arrives in the line, for example, to a dedusting device, not shown, before it is passed into the atmosphere.
  • the known system parts also include a swirl chamber (9), to which fine-grained solids are fed from the cyclone (6) through the line (8a).
  • the solids in the chamber (9) are whirled up by fluidizing air from the line (11), and part of the heat is removed in the indirect heat exchanger (12).
  • the solids treated in this way are then at least partially returned to the combustion chamber (1) through line (13); an excess of solids can be removed from the process in line (14).
  • the carbonization gas is produced by mixing the hot solid residue from the line (8a) in the swirl chamber (9) with granular coal from the line (20), whereby the coal at a mixing temperature in the range of about 300 to 800 ° C is swelled.
  • the fluidizing air from line (11) supports the mixing of the solids.
  • Indirect cooling (12) can be dispensed with in whole or in part.
  • the carbonization gas generated, which contains combustible constituents and possibly the fluidizing gas from line (11), is drawn off in line (21).
  • this carbonization gas can be distributed into the channel (7) or it can be added through line (22) to the combustion gas of line (5) in order to achieve the afterburning there.
  • the oxygen in the combustion gas is sufficient for the desired afterburning.
  • the combustion gas that leaves the cyclone (6) in line (5) therefore has a minimal N 2 O content of at most about 50 ppm.
  • a carbonization line (25) is used, which starts near the mouth of the solids return line (8b) in the combustion chamber (1) and supplies carbonization gases to the combustion gas in the line (5).
  • the inside diameter of the line (25) is selected in such a way that only a relatively small part of the gases present in the lower region of the combustion chamber is discharged through the line (25).
  • a control valve (not shown) is usually unnecessary.
  • the solid line (8) leads from the cyclone (6) to a siphon (24) known per se, to which vortex and transport air is fed through line (27).
  • a solid bed can be formed in the line (8) through the siphon (24) and serves as a pressure barrier between the combustion chamber (1) and the cyclone (6).
  • the solids enter the combustion chamber through line (8b).
  • the carbonization gas is generated in the siphon (24), to which vortex and transport air is fed through line (27).
  • Granular coal is added through line (28), which forms carbonization gas from line (8) when heated by mixing with the hot solid residue.
  • This smoldering gas can be distributed into the channel (7) for afterburning according to FIG. 1 or added to the combustion gas of line (5) through lines (21) and (22).
  • the combustion gas in line (7) has a 0 2 content of 5.6%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Procédé de combustion de charbon granulé dans un lit fluidisé circulant, qui comporte une chambre de com-bustion, un séparateur pour séparer le gaz de combustion et les matières solides, et une conduite de retour pour renvoyer à la chambre de combustion les matières solides provenant du séparateur, dans lequel on introduit du charbon granulé et de l'air dans la zone inférieure de la chambre de combustion, on soutire de la chambre de combustion le gaz de combustion contenant des matières solides et de l'oxygène et on l'envoie dans le séparateur, et on envoie le gaz de combustion provenant du séparateur à une unité de refroidissement, on envoie dans le gaz de combustion oxygéné un gaz de carbonisation contenant des constituants combustibles, on brûle le gaz de carbonisation au moins partiellement et on porte aussi la température du gaz de combustion à une valeur de 900 à 1200°C, on produit le gaz de carbonisation dans une zone de mélange dans laquelle on mélange du charbon granulé et des matières solides chaudes provenant du séparateur, ce qui provoque la carbonisation du charbon, et on soutire le gaz de carbonisation ainsi formé.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de carbonisation est ajouté au gaz de combustion à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le gaz de carbonisation est ajouté au gaz de combustion en aval du séparateur.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on soutire de la zone inférieure de la chambre de combustion un gaz de carbonisation contenant des constituants combustibles, gaz que l'on envoie dans le gaz de combustion.
EP92200214A 1991-02-01 1992-01-27 Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant Expired - Lifetime EP0497418B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4102959 1991-02-01
DE4102959A DE4102959A1 (de) 1991-02-01 1991-02-01 Verfahren zum verbrennen von kohle in der zirkulierenden wirbelschicht

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0497418A1 EP0497418A1 (fr) 1992-08-05
EP0497418B1 true EP0497418B1 (fr) 1995-04-26
EP0497418B2 EP0497418B2 (fr) 1997-11-05

Family

ID=6424128

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92200214A Expired - Lifetime EP0497418B2 (fr) 1991-02-01 1992-01-27 Procédé de combustion pour charbon dans un lit fluidisé circulant

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5159886A (fr)
EP (1) EP0497418B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3101055B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU644262B2 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ282120B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4102959A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0497418T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2072081T5 (fr)
SK (1) SK279954B6 (fr)

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FI89742C (fi) * 1991-11-27 1993-11-10 Imatran Voima Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer torkning av braensle i en virvelbaeddspanna
NL9300666A (nl) * 1993-04-20 1994-11-16 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
US5363812A (en) * 1994-02-18 1994-11-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for controlling the bed temperature in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
SE9402789L (sv) * 1994-08-19 1995-10-02 Kvaerner Enviropower Ab Förfarande för tvåstegsförbränning av fasta bränslen i en cirkulerande fluidiserad bädd
AT403168B (de) * 1995-11-02 1997-11-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren und einrichtung zum rückführen eines aus einem reaktorgefäss mit einem gas ausgetragenen feinteiligen feststoffes
US5911201A (en) * 1996-01-13 1999-06-15 Llb Lurgi Lentjes Babcock Energietechnik Gmbh Steam boiler with pressurized circulating fluidized bed firing
DE19622299C2 (de) * 1996-05-21 2000-10-12 Ver Energiewerke Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer druckaufgeladenen zirkulierenden Wirbelschichtfeuerung zur Erzeugung eines arbeitsfähigen Gases für die Gasturbine eines Kombikraftwerkes
DE19633674C2 (de) 1996-08-21 1998-07-16 Hamburger Gaswerke Gmbh In-Line Gasvorwärmung
US5784975A (en) * 1996-12-23 1998-07-28 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Control scheme for large circulating fluid bed steam generators (CFB)
NL1005517C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
NL1005518C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
NL1005514C2 (nl) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-15 Bronswerk Heat Transfer Bv Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een fysisch en/of chemisch proces, zoals een warmtewisselaar.
DE19714593A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-10-15 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Verbrennen von Abfallstoffen in einer zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht
US5967098A (en) * 1998-06-22 1999-10-19 Tanca; Michael C. Oil shale fluidized bed
DE19903510C2 (de) * 1999-01-29 2002-03-07 Mg Technologies Ag Verfahren zum Verbrennen oder Vergasen in der zirkulierenden Wirbelschicht
US7047894B2 (en) * 1999-11-02 2006-05-23 Consolidated Engineering Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for combustion of residual carbon in fly ash
DE60032629T2 (de) 1999-11-02 2007-10-11 Consolidated Engineering Co. Inc. Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von restkohlenstoffen in flugasche
FR2802287B1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2002-01-11 Abb Alstom Power Comb Procede pour l'amelioration de la combustion dans un systeme a lit fluidise circulant et systeme correspondant
KR20020035518A (ko) * 2002-03-29 2002-05-11 동 엽 강 폐기물처리장치
KR100495236B1 (ko) * 2002-06-12 2005-06-16 강병석 탄화장치
CZ301745B6 (cs) * 2004-08-18 2010-06-09 Ptácek@Milan Zpusob regulace výšky fluidní vrstvy kotle s fluidním spalováním a kotel s fluidním spalováním pro provádení tohoto zpusobu
US7287477B2 (en) * 2004-10-13 2007-10-30 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Cyclone bypass for a circulating fluidized bed reactor
FR2887322B1 (fr) * 2005-06-15 2007-08-03 Alstom Technology Ltd Dispositif a lit fluidise circulant pourvu d'un foyer de combustion a l'oxygene
JP5417753B2 (ja) * 2008-07-11 2014-02-19 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 循環流動層ガス化炉
CN101696799B (zh) * 2009-10-31 2011-05-25 无锡华光工业锅炉有限公司 预防循环流化床锅炉结焦装置
CN103411211B (zh) * 2013-08-30 2016-10-19 厦门中科城环新能源有限公司 适合生物质及危险固废的流化床气化燃烧锅炉
CZ2022384A3 (cs) * 2022-09-08 2023-06-14 ATOMA - tepelná technika, s.r.o. Recirkulační okruh spalovacího zařízení pro spalování směsi zemního plynu a vodíku

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0497418A1 (fr) 1992-08-05
US5159886A (en) 1992-11-03
AU644262B2 (en) 1993-12-02
DK0497418T3 (da) 1995-07-03
JP3101055B2 (ja) 2000-10-23
ES2072081T5 (es) 1998-03-01
DE4102959C2 (fr) 1992-11-12
ES2072081T3 (es) 1995-07-01
JPH05203112A (ja) 1993-08-10
CZ282120B6 (cs) 1997-05-14
SK279954B6 (sk) 1999-06-11
EP0497418B2 (fr) 1997-11-05
AU1060692A (en) 1992-08-06
CS28492A3 (en) 1992-09-16
DE4102959A1 (de) 1992-08-13
DE59201992D1 (de) 1995-06-01

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