EP0457289B1 - Klimasystem für Mehrraumgebäude - Google Patents

Klimasystem für Mehrraumgebäude Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0457289B1
EP0457289B1 EP91107833A EP91107833A EP0457289B1 EP 0457289 B1 EP0457289 B1 EP 0457289B1 EP 91107833 A EP91107833 A EP 91107833A EP 91107833 A EP91107833 A EP 91107833A EP 0457289 B1 EP0457289 B1 EP 0457289B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
ceiling
cooling
room
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91107833A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0457289A3 (en
EP0457289A2 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang Radtke
Freddie Soethout
Gerhard Perrey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Partner KG
Original Assignee
Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Partner KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Partner KG filed Critical Schmidt Reuter Ingenieurgesellschaft Mbh & Partner KG
Publication of EP0457289A2 publication Critical patent/EP0457289A2/de
Publication of EP0457289A3 publication Critical patent/EP0457289A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0457289B1 publication Critical patent/EP0457289B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F24F5/0092—Systems using radiation from walls or panels ceilings, e.g. cool ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/10—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with air supply, or exhaust, through perforated wall, floor or ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/004—Natural ventilation using convection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of an air conditioning system in a multi-room building of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Cooling ceilings of this type dissipate the excess room heat primarily by means of radiation absorption.
  • they have the disadvantage of an increased risk of condensation water and increased pollution of the ceiling when there is high humidity in the room. Therefore, complex protective measures are necessary to limit the formation of condensation.
  • DE-OS 19 41 819 describes a method for air conditioning and ventilation of rooms, in which heated or cooled air is passed through the ceiling, the floor or the walls to heat or cool these wall areas, and then introduced into the room becomes.
  • This air conditioning system effects either heating or cooling, as required, and also covers the required ventilation.
  • the air is to be blown into the room at a relatively low speed, unpleasant drafts are inevitable because, for example, warm air which is led into the room through a ceiling inlet requires a higher flow rate in order to be distributed below the room and not in the ceiling area to persist.
  • a ceiling plate with ventilation chambers which open into elongated outlet openings on the underside.
  • the ventilation chamber has a supply space from which the fresh air is directed into elongated outlet openings, from which it exits the ventilation chamber.
  • the outlet openings are arranged offset to the feed openings in order to achieve an even air distribution.
  • adjustable throttle arrangements are provided at the outlet openings. Depending on the air requirement, drafts also occur here.
  • DE-PS 475 081 describes a fan built into the wall, which directs exhaust air to the outside and at the same time draws in fresh air and introduces it into the building.
  • the air inlet is adjustable by means of adjustable flaps.
  • An arrangement of an air conditioning system in a multi-room building, from which the preamble of claim 1 is based, is known from US-A-2 781 557.
  • fresh air is supplied to the ceiling cavity on one side.
  • the ceiling cavity is separated from the room to be ventilated by a thick acoustic panel, which is self-supporting.
  • the ceiling cavity has displacement air outlets on the side walls of the room, fresh air sinking from the source air outlets along the side walls into the room.
  • such source air outlets are not available.
  • the ceiling tiles are provided with holes or slots through which fresh air enters the room.
  • the ceiling panels consist of self-supporting acoustic panels that have a high thermal resistance. If the ceiling has a cooling effect, this is only achieved by air currents emerging from the ceiling. This blanket solves both the heating and the cooling task, so that it is not possible in winter to have cooler temperatures in the upper area than in the lower area.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of an air conditioning system of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1, which enables heating, cooling and ventilation without disruptive air movements with little effort.
  • an air-cooled chilled ceiling is used for heat dissipation, ie cooling.
  • the cooling air emerges from this cooling ceiling on the room walls, in such a way that the cooling air sinks under the action of gravity on the room walls. No turbulent impulse flows are generated on the room walls, but an approximately 2 to 5 cm thick cold air curtain is created, which extends over the entire height of the respective room wall. Due to the fact that the air is supplied with low impulses, the cold air curtain sinks in a low-turbulence flow without mixing significantly with the warmer room air.
  • the air-cooled chilled ceiling thus simultaneously cools at least one room wall.
  • the heat is dissipated from the room mainly through radiation absorption to the chilled ceiling and to the cooled room wall.
  • the sinking air is increasingly heated by the wall of the room. This prevents the air from sinking with ever increasing speed.
  • the warming through the wall of the room brakes the sinking cold air curtain, which in this way reaches the floor area without drafts and forms a relatively calm, cool fresh air lake there.
  • the exit velocity at which the air exits the source air outlets close to the wall is approximately 0.2 to 0.5 m / s and is in any case below 0.5 m / s, so that low-impulse air is introduced into the room.
  • the heating task is separated from the cooling task. Only cold air is used to solve the cooling task, which means that room ventilation takes place at the same time.
  • the cold air is filtered or cleaned before being introduced into the cooling ceiling and dried if necessary. In this way, the cooling ceiling remains clean and the cooling air supplied is suitable for ventilation purposes.
  • the room walls are cooled from the outside along the wall surfaces by the cooling air.
  • the inside of the walls is not filled with cooling air.
  • the climate system presupposes that the building is divided into several rooms, that is to say it is made of cells, in contrast to open-plan offices.
  • the supply air volume flow at the upper edges of the room partitions should be supplied at about 10 to 40 m3 / h per running meter of wall length, preferably at 15 to 20 m3 / h.
  • the supply air outlet or source air outlet is a maximum of 5 cm wide and is located directly adjacent to the wall.
  • Two identical displacement air outlets are preferably arranged on opposite walls. This prevents the formation of air rollers that circulate within the rooms.
  • the air outlet expediently has a laminarizer, by means of which turbulence and local speed peaks are avoided, so that a strong injection of room air is prevented or reduced. This ensures that there is no significant interference of room air, which is particularly dirty in the ceiling area, into the sinking cold air.
  • the cold air flows evenly over the main wall surfaces, whereby wall friction and increasing temperature increase prevent acceleration. Rough wall coverings and fabric coverings can be particularly advantageous for this.
  • the supply air has almost reached room temperature in the floor area of the wall. It spreads in the floor area and is caused by heat sources such as People and office machines, warmed up and discharged to the ceiling when dirty.
  • the exhaust air is preferably extracted above the people, i.e. above head height, in the ceiling area and led out of the room. With this air flow, there is an air flow from bottom to top in the passenger area.
  • the cold air supplied outside the lounge area is preheated in such a way that it is not necessary to mix the cold air with warm room air and yet there is no unpleasant cooling in the foot area.
  • the cooling ceiling is also designed as an acoustic ceiling.
  • a sound-absorbing ceiling construction is known from EP 0 023 618 B1.
  • this known ceiling construction is not designed as a chilled ceiling. It has a perforated plate and a firmly attached microporous layer with a thickness of at most 5 mm and a flow resistance between 10 and 1000 g cm ⁇ 2 s ⁇ 1.
  • a preselected overpressure is built up by blowing filtered supply air into the ceiling cavity, so that a small amount of clean air flows through the lower wall of the cooling ceiling and keeps it clean. No air that could contaminate the ceiling cavity thus enters the ceiling cavity.
  • the acoustic vibrations of the sound absorption layer are superimposed by the air flowing out, as a result of which dirt accumulations are avoided without the sound-absorbing effect being impaired.
  • the ceiling cooling surfaces are only touched by dried supply air, which is dehumidified in the cooling unit when it cools down. Since cooling does not occur in the event of a ventilation failure, condensation water damage cannot occur.
  • a particular advantage is that the cooling air is in the ceiling cavity after being introduced into the cooling ceiling warmed, and that this degree of warming depends on the temperature prevailing in the room. Depending on the room temperature, the temperature that the cooling air takes at the source air outlet increases or decreases, so that the cooling air temperature approaches the room temperature in a self-regulating manner. The speed of the cooling air descending on the wall is therefore never too high, even in very warm rooms.
  • the invention proposes to arrange supply air ducts above those points where there is the possibility of installing room partitions. If no room partition is installed, the ceiling cavity below the supply air duct is closed by a plate on its underside, so that cold air can only enter the ceiling cavity from the supply air duct. If, on the other hand, a room partition is installed under the supply air duct, this closes the lower openings of the supply air duct.
  • the room partition is narrower than the opening in the ceiling cavity, so that gap-shaped source air outlets are formed on both sides of the room partition, through which cold air, directly adjacent to the room wall, can emerge in laminar flow.
  • a room is shown, which is delimited by side walls 10 and the floor is designated by 11.
  • the room has windows 12.
  • radiators 13 are installed for space heating.
  • the room is closed at the top by a cooling ceiling 14, which is bounded at the top by a raw concrete ceiling 15 and at the bottom by a suspended ceiling 16.
  • a cooling ceiling 14 which is bounded at the top by a raw concrete ceiling 15 and at the bottom by a suspended ceiling 16.
  • the ceiling cavity 17 Between the raw concrete ceiling 15 and the ceiling 16 is the ceiling cavity 17, which in this example extends over the entire area of the room.
  • This ceiling cavity 17 is delimited in the area near the wall by sound-absorbing wall parts 18, which protrude from the suspended ceiling 16 and do not extend to the raw concrete ceiling 15, so that they can be overflowed.
  • a cold air outlet 19 in the ceiling cavity 17, to which filtered and dried cold air is supplied.
  • the cold air enters the ceiling cavity 17, is distributed there and cools the Ceiling 16.
  • the cold air then arrives immediately adjacent to the room walls 10 to the source air outlets 20, from which it emerges at an exit speed of 0.2 to 0.5 m / s.
  • the cold air drops due to its higher specific weight than the room air along the room walls 10 and forms a maximum about 5 cm wide cold air curtain, which is indicated by the arrows 21.
  • the cold air cools the room walls 10, which thereby become colder than the room air and absorb heat from the room.
  • the cold air flows in a low-turbulence flow along the walls of the room to the floor area and forms a fresh air lake 22.
  • the fresh air heats up at people and workplaces in order to rise. This pollutes the air.
  • the heated air which has risen is sucked off through exhaust air outlets 23 which are arranged near the ceiling above the head and discharged to the outside with a duct 24.
  • a radiator 13 takes over the heating that is required due to the cold windows 12.
  • Fig. 1 From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the cold air does not generate air currents in those areas in which people are present.
  • the main air flows in the room are generated by rising warm air.
  • the cold air cools the suspended ceiling 16 and the room walls 10, which in turn absorb room heat.
  • the ceiling 16 and the walls of the room are prevented from heating up by solar radiation or by heat radiation from devices or people.
  • the room cooling does not cause any drafts that are perceived as disturbing.
  • air guide spaces 25 which are bounded at the bottom by panels 26 which form the end of the room.
  • Supply air ducts 27, which have air outlets which lead into the air duct 25, run transversely to the air duct spaces 25.
  • the air guide rooms 25 have displacement air outlets 20 on the room walls.
  • the building is divided into room cells 28 which can be separated by partition walls 10a.
  • the supply air ducts 27 are each arranged in the border area between two room cells 28. If two room cells are not separated by a partition, the supply air duct assigned to these two room cells supplies both room cells with cold air, which is distributed on both sides in the adjacent air guide rooms 25. If, on the other hand, two room cells 28 are separated from one another by an intermediate wall 10a, this intermediate wall 10a closes the outlet openings of the supply air duct 27 located above it, so that this supply air duct becomes ineffective. Through this partition, the soundproof closure between the room cells 28 and air guide rooms 25 is also effective.
  • the supply air ducts 27 are arranged directly above the air guiding spaces 25 and are designed as supporting elements of the suspended cooling ceiling 14.
  • the air ducts 27 are suspended under the load-bearing concrete ceiling 15.
  • the air guide spaces 25 are bounded at the bottom by strip-shaped panels 26 and at the top by sound-absorbing or vibratable thin plates 34, with which the supply air ducts 27 are connected in a sealing manner.
  • the supply air ducts have outlet openings 29 on their underside, which coexist with are provided inwardly inclined baffles 30 which are directed from outlet opening to outlet opening in opposite directions, so that one of the outlet openings 29 as shown in FIG. 4 directs the air into the right adjacent air guide space 25, while the adjacent outlet opening directs air into the adjacent left air guide space . This creates a circulation of the cooling air in the air guide spaces 25, so that the temperatures of the panels 26 become more uniform.
  • each supply air duct 27 There is an opening under each supply air duct 27, which opening is delimited by the adjacent panels 26. At this opening, each panel has an upward L-shaped bevel.
  • the openings 31 are sealed by plates 32, which are fitted into the planes of the panels 26, provided that the associated supply air duct 27 is used to supply cold air into the air guidance spaces.
  • a supply air duct 27 is shown on the left, under which an intermediate wall 10a is located.
  • the intermediate wall 10a projects into the space intended for the air guide channels 25 and adjoins the underside of the supply air channel 27, the openings 29 of which are closed by the top of the wall. Since the thickness of the intermediate wall 10a is less than the width of the opening 31 and since this opening is not closed by a plate 32, two displacement air outlets 20 are formed on the side of the intermediate wall 10a, from which the cold air can escape and fall along the intermediate wall 10a .
  • Laminarizers 35 are inserted into the slot-shaped source air outlets 20.
  • the intermediate wall 10a can also be arranged laterally offset from the supply air duct 27 and extend through an opening 31 to the concrete ceiling 15.
  • the panel 26 is permeable to air and is designed as a sound absorption element. It has a perforated wall 33 and a microporous layer 36 with a thickness of at most 5 mm according to EP 0 023 618 B1 firmly attached underneath (or thereon). While the thin plate 34 is impermeable to air, the panel 26 is permeable to air, the air resistance being chosen so that approximately 10 to a maximum of 50% of the cold air passes through the panel 26, while the cold air otherwise exits through the source air outlets 20.
  • the panels 26 effect sound absorption, the sound passing through being eliminated by the sound-absorbing or oscillatable plate 34 arranged behind it and the ceiling cavity 17.
  • the air guide space with the panel 26 and the plate 34 arranged above it forms a resonator absorber. As a result of the pressure difference on the panel 26, this panel is kept free of dirt deposits which can occur with purely acoustic vibrations.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
EP91107833A 1990-05-16 1991-05-15 Klimasystem für Mehrraumgebäude Expired - Lifetime EP0457289B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4015665 1990-05-16
DE4015665A DE4015665C3 (de) 1990-05-16 1990-05-16 Klimasystem für Mehrraumgebäude

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0457289A2 EP0457289A2 (de) 1991-11-21
EP0457289A3 EP0457289A3 (en) 1992-09-16
EP0457289B1 true EP0457289B1 (de) 1995-03-15

Family

ID=6406500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91107833A Expired - Lifetime EP0457289B1 (de) 1990-05-16 1991-05-15 Klimasystem für Mehrraumgebäude

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0457289B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE119988T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE4015665C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4201595C2 (de) * 1992-01-22 1995-03-09 Schmidt Reuter Raumkühldecke
DE4308969C1 (de) * 1993-03-22 1994-07-28 Schmidt Reuter Kühldecke
DE4308968C1 (de) * 1993-03-22 1994-07-14 Schmidt Reuter Kühldecke
DE4403528C2 (de) * 1994-02-04 2000-03-02 Klaus Randel Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Raumkühlung
DE4412172C1 (de) * 1994-04-08 1995-08-03 Krantz Tkt Gmbh Verfahren zum Kühlen von Räumen eines Gebäudes
NO309542B2 (no) * 1997-10-31 2001-02-12 Yit Building Systems As Fremgangsmate for trekkfri tilforsel av kjoleluft
FR2815112B1 (fr) 2000-10-09 2004-07-16 Alain Triboix Dispositif de climatisation mettant en oeuvre un faux plafond et assurant une diffusion d'air le long des parois
DE10128381C1 (de) * 2001-06-06 2003-01-09 Ltg Ag Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Heizen und/oder Kühlen eines Raumes
DE10223085B4 (de) * 2001-06-06 2006-04-13 Ltg Aktiengesellschaft Einrichtung zum Heizen und/oder Kühlen eines Raumes
DE10214643A1 (de) * 2002-04-02 2003-10-23 Pms Klimatechnik Gmbh Rasterdecke mit Kühl-, Heiz- und Lünftungsfunktion
GB2436867B (en) * 2006-04-04 2011-11-30 Red Engineering Design Ltd Improvements in and relating to rapidly controlling room air temperature
CH707403A1 (de) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-30 Barcol Air Verfahren zur Klimatisierung eines Raumes sowie Klimadecke zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
DE102014009633A1 (de) 2014-06-27 2015-12-31 Schmid Janutin Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Belüftung und Temperierung von Räumen

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE475081C (de) * 1929-04-17 Philipp Matthaei In die Wand eingebauter Luefter
DE915386C (de) * 1941-07-30 1954-07-22 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Luftfuehrung bei Klimaanlagen, insbesondere fuer grosse Raeume
US2781557A (en) * 1951-11-15 1957-02-19 Walter M Ericson Acoustical and air distributing ceiling construction
DE1679598A1 (de) * 1967-04-29 1971-04-22 Velox Werk Schnelle Herbert Deckenplatte mit Belueftungskammern
DE1941819A1 (de) * 1969-08-16 1971-04-29 Schmidt Helmut Dr Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Klimatisieren und Belueften von Raeumen
CH672833A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1986-09-30 1989-12-29 Barcol Air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4015665C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-08-27
EP0457289A3 (en) 1992-09-16
DE4015665A1 (de) 1991-11-21
DE4015665C3 (de) 1995-06-01
ATE119988T1 (de) 1995-04-15
EP0457289A2 (de) 1991-11-21
DE59104934D1 (de) 1995-04-20

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