EP0421145B2 - Offsetdruckmaschine - Google Patents
Offsetdruckmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0421145B2 EP0421145B2 EP19900117234 EP90117234A EP0421145B2 EP 0421145 B2 EP0421145 B2 EP 0421145B2 EP 19900117234 EP19900117234 EP 19900117234 EP 90117234 A EP90117234 A EP 90117234A EP 0421145 B2 EP0421145 B2 EP 0421145B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blanket
- cylinder
- layer
- volume
- compressible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 98
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 98
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N6/00—Mounting boards; Sleeves Make-ready devices, e.g. underlays, overlays; Attaching by chemical means, e.g. vulcanising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F27/00—Devices for attaching printing elements or formes to supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F30/00—Devices for attaching coverings or make-ready devices; Guiding devices for coverings
- B41F30/04—Devices for attaching coverings or make-ready devices; Guiding devices for coverings attaching to transfer cylinders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N10/00—Blankets or like coverings; Coverings for wipers for intaglio printing
Definitions
- one on one Blanket cylinder existing blanket a print image on sheet material upset.
- the print image is placed on the blanket using a plate cylinder upset.
- Any in the plate or blanket cylinder during the Vibrations present in machine operation cause smearing of the printed image and adversely affect print quality.
- Known blanket cylinders an axially extending gap in which the opposite ends of the Blanket are attached. If the blanket cylinder gap is at the printing gap between plate and blanket cylinder, the vibrations tend to to transfer the cylinders. These vibrations adversely affect print quality and promote smearing of the printed image.
- the smearing of the printed image is also caused by the fact that this Print nip, where the print image is transferred to the blanket, between the Surfaces back and forth.
- the surfaces slide against each other, which too smearing of the printed image when the speed of the Blanket surface is either larger or smaller than the speed of the Surface that transfers the printed image to the rubber blanket.
- EP 0 277 545 also discloses a device for applying sleeves Plate and blanket cylinders for the continuous printing machines mentioned above are shown.
- the object of the present invention is that achieved by an offset printing press To improve print quality by eliminating the smear effect on printed images or at least minimized.
- the offset printing machine comprises a blanket cylinder on which a blanket is present that applies the printed image to the sheet material.
- a color transfer The surface on the plate cylinder transfers the print image to the sheet material.
- the ink transfer surface on the plate cylinder and the blanket are on Printing gap, which is formed by the plate and the blanket cylinder, with each other in rolling contact.
- the rubber blanket is in the form of a tube that extends over coherent gap-free outer and inner surfaces.
- the rubber blanket is removable on the outer peripheral surface of the blanket cylinder.
- the outer surface of the rubber blanket stands with the ink-transferring Surface on the plate cylinder at the resulting pressure gap in rolling contact. Since the Outer peripheral surface of the rubber blanket is cohesive and gap-free, is between rubber blanket and ink-free surface of the plate cylinder reaches a shock-free and vibration-free rolling contact, to thereby effect the transfer of a printed image to the rubber blanket without the printed image to smear.
- the rubber blanket is at least partially made of a volume compressible material that passes through the plate cylinder at the pressure gap formed by the impression cylinder and blanket cylinder.
- the tubular rubber blanket has an outer cylindrical layer made of non-volume compressible Material and over a cylindrical layer of volume compressible material, which on an inner Layer of solid material is applied.
- the outer layer of the rubber blanket gives way to the compress the volume-compressible layer of the rubber blanket.
- the volume compressible layer of the rubber blanket contains a variety of bubbles that are relatively compressed before the volume compressible layer is compressed are large and in the area of the volume-compressible layer, which yields at the pressure gap the outer layer of the rubber blanket is relatively small.
- the solid inner material layer absorbs the tensile stress of the blanket cylinder, thereby creating a to establish a firm pressure relationship between the blanket and the blanket cylinder. Through this pressure relationship the blanket is attached to the blanket cylinder so that it too during the machine run no relative movement comes.
- the printing press comprises means for executing a radial expansion of the tubular blanket on the blanket cylinder to determine the pressure relationship between the blanket and lifting blanket cylinder. When the pressure relationship is released, the rubber blanket manually removed from the blanket cylinder in the axial direction. Furthermore, the rubber blanket must be radial be stretched on the outside in order to apply the blanket axially to the blanket cylinder. To this function to execute, the printing press has appropriate means.
- place a blanket axially on the blanket cylinder to apply or remove from the blanket cylinder can be in a preferred Embodiment part of the frame, which is located next to an axial end of the blanket cylinder, to be cleared out of the way.
- the tubular rubber blanket can be axially through the opening in the frame, which is created by clearing the frame part out of the way.
- the inside of the cylinder In order to stretch the rubber blanket so that it can be applied to the cylinder, the inside of the cylinder must be be supplied with compressed air. There are passages between the outer peripheral surface and the Inside the blanket cylinder. Compressed air directed into the inside of the blanket cylinder is therefore also present the inside of the blanket so that the blanket is attached to the blanket cylinder is stretched. After placing the blanket on the outer circumference of the blanket cylinder the compressed air can be removed. The blanket then pulls around the blanket cylinder around and fits tightly and covers the circumference of the cylinder across the axial width of the Blanket and in the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the blanket. This pressure relationship between Blanket and blanket cylinder can be picked up by the inside of the blanket cylinder again is supplied with compressed air so that the rubber blanket can be removed manually from the cylinder.
- the present invention can be implemented in a number of different configurations and in a number of different offset printing machines can be used.
- the drawings show the present invention, as well as it is used in a perfect offset printing machine 10.
- the lithographic printing machine 10 prints on opposite sides of a sheet of sheet material 12.
- the lithographic printing machine 10 comprises identical lower and upper blanket cylinders 14, 16.
- the blankets 18, 20 are attached to the blanket cylinders 14, 16 and transfer the printed images on the opposite sides of the web 12.
- the upper and lower plate cylinders 22, 24 wear printing plates that are in rolling contact with the rubber blankets 18, 20 at the pressure gaps 26, 28.
- the printed images are applied to the blankets 18, 20 by means of the printing plates on the plate cylinders 22, 24 upset. These printed images are in turn opposed to each other by means of the rubber blankets 18, 20 Side of the web 12 applied.
- the printing press 10 comprises an upper and a lower dampening unit 30, 32, the dampening solution on the Apply pressure plates to plate cylinders 22, 24.
- the upper and lower inking units are also transferred 34, 36 ink on the printing plates of the plate cylinders 22, 24.
- a drive unit which is shown schematically in Fig. 1 shown and designated 38, ensures that the blanket cylinders 14, 16 and the plate cylinder 22, 24 revolve at the same peripheral speed.
- the drive unit provides 38 power for the drive of the dampening units 30, 32 and the inking units 34, 36.
- One of this exemplary embodiment is also conceivable different configuration of the printing press 10; for example only one side of lane 12 be printed.
- the rubber blanket 18 has a coherent one column-free outer surface.
- the rubber blanket 18 By placing the rubber blanket 18 with a coherent gap-free Provides the outside surface, the rolling contact between the blanket 18 and the pressure plate tends to be softer and to be relatively vibration free.
- the smearing of the printed image is prevented by the fact that Rubber blanket 18 is designed to be compressible at the printing nip 26, as a result of which the rubber blanket 18 is attached to the same Peripheral speed rotates like the pressure plate of the plate cylinder 22 immediately in front of the printing nip, at the pressure gap and immediately behind the pressure gap to prevent slipping between the outer surface of the Prevent blanket 18 and the outer surface of the printing plate of the plate cylinder 22.
- a cylindrical outer surface 40 of the rubber blanket 18 is coherent and free of gaps around one to cause soft rolling contact on the cylindrical outer surface 42 of the pressure plate of the plate cylinder 18.
- the absence of gaps in the soft cylindrical outer surface 40 of the blanket is prevented the appearance of jerky movements or vibrations, compared to a gap in Antage with the surface 42 of the printing plate rolls on the plate cylinder 22 or rolls away from it.
- the smear effect on the printed images will the application to the surface 40 of the rubber blanket 18 by means of the pressure plate of the plate cylinder 22 minimized.
- the diameter of the blanket 18 and the diameter of the blanket cylinder 14 can be minimized.
- the surface 40 of the blanket can be applied over the entire area a printed image can be applied to the surface 40.
- the printed image can extend over an area in which a gap was previously formed in the surface of known blanket cylinders.
- the rubber blanket 18 with a cylindrical outer surface 40 which is contiguous and is free of gaps, is designed to reduce the waste that arises during the printing process.
- each revolution of the blanket cylinder 14 saved about 6.35 mm (0.25 inches).
- the rubber blanket 18 consists at least partially of a volume-compressible material. If on that volume compressible material of the rubber blanket 18 a force is exerted, the volume of the volume compressible material. The material of the rubber blanket 18 is through the rigid plate cylinder 22nd compressed at the nip 26. Because the rubber blanket is at least partially made of volume-compressible material there is, the rubber blanket 18 radially inwards, without the rubber blanket at the pressure gap 26 radially to deform outwards.
- the peripheral speed is of the blanket at all points immediately before the pressure gap 26, at the pressure gap and immediately behind the printing gap formed by blanket cylinder 18 and plate cylinder 22. Since the Speed of dots on the surface 40 of the blanket on the opposite sides of the pressure gap 26 and in the middle of the pressure gap is equal, the surface 40 of the blanket cylinder slip and the surface 42 of the printing plate on the plate cylinder 22 does not face each other at the printing nip from. This causes smearing of the printed image when the printing plate is applied to the plate cylinder 22 prevented on the blanket 18.
- the blanket 18 is made of a non-volume compressible material, e.g. a rubber blanket 18a in FIG. 2, the non-volume-compressible material of the rubber blanket would radially outward and due to a circumferential pressure exerted by a printing plate on the plate cylinder 22a on the blanket yield laterally as illustrated schematically in FIG. 2.
- the not volume compressible Material of the rubber blanket 18a which is displaced by the fact that the rubber blanket yields at the pressure gap 26, forms arches 46a and 48a on opposite sides of the pressure gap 26a.
- the curvatures 46a and 48a are formed because the volume of the non-volume-compressible material, of which the rubber blanket 18a is made remains unchanged, even though it is not volume-compressible Yields material at the pressure gap 26a. Therefore, the volume of the material corresponds to that of the printing plate of the plate cylinder 22 is displaced, the volume of the material of the bulges 46a and 48a.
- the Volume of the material displaced from the printing plate on the plate cylinder 22a corresponds to the volume that in the overlapping portions of the contours of the cylindrical outer surface 40a of the rubber blanket 18a and the cylindrical outer surface 42a of the printing plate on the plate cylinder 22a.
- This volume of material is between the curved plane - as indicated by the dashed line 50a in Fig. 2 - and the curved outer surface 42a of the pressure plate on the plate cylinder 22a and extends over the axial Expansion of plate and blanket cylinders.
- the speed of a point on the surface of the non - volume compressible material Rubber blanket 18a (Fig. 2) varies as the point moves from one side of the nip 26a to that opposite side of the pressure gap moves.
- the circumferential speed increases as the material in the arch 46a moves into the pressure nip 36a moved into it.
- Move out of the pressure gap 26a and move into the bulge 48a The non-volume compressible material loses speed and the peripheral speed increases from.
- a point 52a on the surface of the dome 46a moves more slowly as a point 54a in the middle of the pressure gap 26a.
- the situation is similar with a point 56a on the surface the curvature 48a which moves more slowly than the point 54a in the middle of the gap 26a.
- the size the difference in the peripheral speed of the non-volume compressible material of the rubber blanket 18a the bulges 46a and 48a and the center of the pressure gap 26a depend on the degree of compliance of the non-volume compressible material of the blanket cylinder at the printing nip.
- the rubber blanket 18 in FIG. 1 is designed differently than the rubber blanket 18a of Fig. 2.
- the rubber blanket 18a of Fig. 2 is made of a non-volume compressible material.
- the Rubber blanket 18 of FIG. 1 consists at least partially of a volume-compressible material. For this reason, the rubber blanket 18 from FIG. 1 does not deform in the manner shown schematically in FIG. 2.
- the rubber blanket 18 has a hollow tubular construction.
- the tubular rubber blanket 18 is fixed to the Blanket cylinder 14 connected and rotates with the blanket cylinder under the influence of the drive unit 38.
- the tubular blanket 18 can be removed from the blanket cylinder 14 and replaced as will be explained below.
- the tubular rubber blanket 18 can have various design options, it is formed in several layers in this exemplary embodiment according to the invention.
- the blanket includes 18 a cylindrical outer layer 66 (FIG. 3) on which the soft coherent outer surface 40 the blanket is attached.
- the cylindrical outer layer 66 consists of an elastically yielding and non-volume compressible polymer material, such as. B. made of natural rubber or synthetic rubber.
- a second cylindrical layer / intermediate cylindrical layer 68 (FIG. 3) is radially inside the outer one Layer 66 arranged.
- the intermediate layer 68 has a cylindrical outer surface 70 which is on a cylindrical Inner surface 72 of the outer layer 66 is attached.
- the cylindrical intermediate layer 68 consists of an elastically volume-compressible polymer material, such as. made from natural rubber or from artificial rubber.
- a third cylindrical layer 74 is arranged radially within the second layer 68.
- the third layer 74 has a cylindrical outer surface 76 that abuts a cylindrical inner surface 78 of the second layer and is firmly connected to it.
- the third layer 74 may be made of a different material in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the third layer thereof is not volume compressible material such as outer layer 66.
- the third layer 74 is firmly connected to a high rigid metal inner layer, which is a bearing bush 80 includes, which is fixedly connected to the blanket cylinder 14.
- a third cylindrical inner surface 82 Layer 74 is fixedly connected to a cylindrical outer surface 84 of bushing 80.
- a cylindrical inner surface 86 of the bush 80 abuts a cylindrical outer surface 88 of the cylinder 14.
- the bushing 80 is made of nickel and can be detached with the blanket cylinder 14 connected so that the entire blanket 18 axially pushed onto the rigid metal blanket cylinder 14 (Fig. 1) and / or can be removed from the metal blanket cylinder. Because of this construction the rubber blanket 18 can be replaced after a certain period of use.
- the bushing 80 is tensioned on the blanket cylinder 14 to establish a fixed pressure relationship to produce between blanket 18 and blanket cylinder 14. Because of this pressure relationship, that's Blanket 18 attached to the blanket cylinder 14, so that there is no relative during printing press operation Movement between the blanket and blanket cylinder results.
- the printing press contains funds to perform the radial expansion of the tubular blanket on the blanket cylinder to the To cancel the pressure relationship between blanket 18 and blanket cylinder 14, as described below becomes.
- the rubber blanket 18 can manually in the axial direction be removed from the blanket cylinder 14.
- the sleeve 80 must be radially stretched or radially behind be stretched outside to move the blanket 18 to the blanket cylinder 14.
- the printing press has means to perform this function, as will be described below.
- tubular rubber blanket 18 is described as having a first and a third layer 66 and 74 of a non-volume compressible material and with a second layer 68 of volume compressible Material is formed, the tubular rubber blanket 18 - if desired - with a larger one Number or a smaller number of layers.
- an additional Layer of volume-compressible material may be provided. This extra layer of volume compressible Material could be placed immediately adjacent to layer 68 and have a stiffness that is either higher or lower than that of layer 68.
- each of the coaxial ones Layers 66, 68 and 74 have a cylindrical configuration.
- the blanket 18 and a printing plate are placed on the plate cylinder 22 brought into contact with each other, as can be seen in Fig. 4.
- the outer layer 66 of the rubber blanket at the printing nip 26 elastically deformed radially inwards.
- the amount by which the outer layer 66 deforms radially inward is obtained from the amount by which the original contour of the cylindrical outer surface 40 of the Rubber blanket 18 overlaps the cylindrical contour of the outer surface 42 of the printing plate on the plate cylinder.
- the outer surface 40 of the outer layer 66 is shown radially inward from that shown in phantom in FIG. 4 Position deformed into the position indicated by a solid line.
- the cylindrical outer layer 66 consists of a non-volume-compressible material. If the outer Layer 66 is deformed radially inward, that is enclosed by the surface 40 of the outer layer Volume around in the space between the cylindrical outer surface 88 and surface 40 of the deformed outer layer 66 volume is reduced. Because the outer layer 66 is not made of one volume compressible material, the volume of the outer layer itself does not change when the outer layer is elastically deformed by the plate cylinder 22 as shown in FIG. 4.
- the intermediate layer 68 of the blanket is made 18 made of a volume compressible material.
- the plate cylinder 22 When the outer layer 66 through the pressure plate the plate cylinder 22 is deformed, the intermediate layer 68 is compressed elastically.
- the volume of the space occupied by the second layer 68 from an exit or uncompressed volume (Fig. 3) to a second or compressed volume (Fig. 4) that is smaller than that Initial volume is.
- the second layer 68 As the second layer 68 is compressed by the pressure plate on the plate cylinder 22, it deforms the outer layer 66 without radially outward on opposite sides of the pressure gap 26 to bulge, similar to the case of the rubber blanket 18a shown in FIG. 2. Thus form in the outer Layer 66 does not have bulges corresponding to bulges 46a and 48a when outer layer 66 of the rubber blanket 18 is deformed by the pressure plate on the plate cylinder 22 (FIG. 4). This is because that the intermediate layer 68 is compressed by an amount sufficient to the deformed material to accommodate the outer layer 66.
- the volume-compressible second or intermediate layer 68 consists of a flexible, bubble-containing layer Foam.
- the bubbles lose size or disappear entirely.
- the second layer 68 are compressed, the volume of the volume compressible material that forms the second layer 68.
- the tubular blanket 18 and the blanket cylinder 14 take a relative large first volume from the continuous cylindrical outer surface 40 of the outer Layer 66 is included.
- the intermediate layer 68 contains relatively large bubbles and occupies a relatively large first volume / initial volume.
- the outer layer 66 of the rubber blanket 18 is radially downstream deformed inside. Due to the deformation of the tubular outer layer 66, the rubber blanket 18 takes up a volume one that is smaller than the original or undeformed volume.
- the total volume of the outer Layer 66 remains constant, however, and the outer layer bulges next to opposite sides of the pressure nip 26 not to the outside as in the case of the rubber blanket 14a illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the intermediate layer 68 of the rubber blanket 18 becomes a volume compressed, which is smaller than the initial volume of layer 68.
- the difference between that Output volume of the second layer 68 (FIG. 3) and the compressed volume of the second layer (FIG. 4) corresponds to the volume between the cylindrical outer surface 88 in FIG. 4 and the outer surface 40 of the outer layer 66. Therefore, the volume of that occupied by the rubber blanket 18 is reduced Space by compressing the second layer 68, and only the outer layer 66 is deformed radially inwards.
- a layer of not stretchable material is between the outer layer (66) and the following volume compressible intermediate layer (68) of the Blanket of the printing machine according to the invention a layer of not stretchable material provided. Between layers 68 and 74 or in each of these layers can e.g. a deformable fabric or not stretchable material may be provided. The number of layers can also Be increased beyond the layer sequence specified in the patent claim.
- volume compressible second layer 68 is preferred could be formed from a polymer foam that has a uniform stiffness second layer of cylindrical inner and outer sections of bubble-containing foam of different Stiffness are formed.
- the compressible intermediate layer 68 could also consist of a material other than foam, e.g. from a resiliently deformable network or fabric.
- the rubber blanket 18 is formed by applying adhesive to the cylindrical outer surface 84 of the metal bushing 80 is sprayed. Preformed strips of material are then wrapped in layers around the bushing. The strips comprise strips of the non-volume compressible material of the outer layer 66, of the volume-compressible material of the second layer 68 and the non-volume-compressible material of the third layer 74. The rubber material of the strips is then vulcanized so that there is a solid body forms which surrounds the metal sleeve 80.
- the blanket 18 could be a flat piece of planar material be formed, which is then wrapped around the sleeve 80 and adheres to it. The opposite In this case, ends of the material part would abut.
- the blanket 20 has the same construction.
- the rubber blanket 20 with the printing plate on the plate cylinder 24 acts on the printing nip 28 on the same Way together like the rubber blanket 18 with the printing plate on the plate cylinder 22 at the printing nip 26.
- FIGS brought open state When a blanket 18 is removed from the blanket cylinder 14 and replaced with another 5, the partial back 94 of the frame from the closed state is illustrated in FIGS brought open state. This creates an opening 102 in the frame 96 through which the Rubber blanket 18 can be passed.
- the invention is the movable portion 94 of the frame by means of a hinge (not shown), that connects the movable section 94 and the frame 96 to each other, pivotable about a vertical Axle mounted.
- the movable section 94 could, however, in other ways, if desired be stored.
- a blanket 18 can be moved manually through the opening 102 in the axial direction from the blanket cylinder 14 can be removed.
- a new blanket 18 is then aligned axially with the blanket cylinder 14 and pushed onto the blanket cylinder.
- the movable portion 94 of the side frame is in the closed state back and brought into contact with the bearing 98 to rotate the blanket cylinder about its horizontal To store the central axis.
- the blanket cylinder could rotate at one end about a hinge such that it could be pivoted into a position in which the blanket is removed from the blanket cylinder could be.
- the rubber blanket 18 and the blanket cylinder 14 are fixed between the cylindrical Metal sleeve 80 (Fig. 3) on the inside of the blanket 18 and the outer periphery of the blanket cylinder 14 connected to each other.
- the inner surface 86 (FIG. 3) of the cylindrical sleeve 80 has one uniform diameter, which is slightly smaller than the uniform diameter of the cylindrical outer surface 88 is on the outside of the metal blanket cylinder 14.
- the required fit between the socket 80 and the rubber blanket cylinder 14 must be sufficient so that the rubber blanket during the machine run 18 firmly around the outer periphery of the blanket cylinder, so that the blanket opposite Blanket cylinder does not slip.
- the blanket cylinder 14 In order to push the blanket 18 manually onto the blanket cylinder 14, the blanket is passed through Fluid pressure stretched elastically.
- the blanket cylinder 14 is with radially extending passages 106 (Fig. 3).
- the radially extending passages 106 are on a plurality of radial planes equal distances from each other, which extend in the blanket cylinder 14 over its entire length.
- the blanket 18 Once the blanket 18 has been axially positioned on the blanket cylinder 14, the interior the blanket cylinder 14 vented into the atmosphere.
- the sleeve 80 and the rubber blanket 18 then pulls together to firmly grasp the cylindrical outer surface 88 of the blanket cylinder 14.
- the socket 80 is then kept under tension by the blanket cylinder 14.
- the rubber blanket 18 requires approximately 413.7 KPa (60 psi) of compressed air to cause the bushing to expand.
- the amount of compressed air required for the elastic expansion of the bushing 80 can of course be dependent the radial thickness of the sleeve 80, the material from which the sleeve is made and the fit vary between the sleeve and the blanket cylinder 14.
- the rubber blanket 18 has an outer peripheral surface 40 which has no axially extending gap.
- the outer surface 40 of the tube is at the pressure nip 26 with an ink-transferring surface on the plate cylinder 22 at the pressure nip 26 in rolling contact. Since the outer peripheral surface 40 of the rubber blanket 18 is contiguous and free of Splitting is a soft and vibration-free rolling contact between the ink-transferring surface of the Plate cylinder and the blanket reached, thereby transferring a print image to the blanket to enable without smearing the printed image.
- the rubber blanket 18 consists at least partially of a volume-compressible material that is at the pressure nip 26 is pressed together by the pressure plate.
- the outer surface 40 of the blanket 18 has a peripheral speed which in essential of the places immediately before the pressure gap 26, at the pressure gap and immediately behind the Pressure gap corresponds. This prevents slippage between the ink-transferring surface of the plate cylinder and rubber blanket in front of, on and behind the printing nip prevents smearing of the printed image to avoid.
- the rubber blanket 18 is a tube with a cylindrical outer layer 66 made of non-volume-compressible Material and a cylindrical intermediate layer 68 made of volume-compressible material.
- the outer layer 66 of the blanket 18 can be deformed to compress the intermediate layer 68 of the blanket.
- Intermediate layer 68 of the blanket contains a plurality of bubbles which are pre-compressed the intermediate layer of the blanket are relatively large and in a part of the intermediate layer of the Blanket, which is compressed by deforming the outer layer of the blanket, relatively small are.
- the rubber blanket 18 is manually pushed onto the rubber blanket cylinder 14 from one axial end. In order to provide access to one end of the blanket cylinder 14, preferably one next to one Axial end of the blanket cylinder lying portion of the frame are cleared out of the way. The tubular blanket 18 is pushed axially through frame 96 onto blanket cylinder 14 which is aligned with the rubber blanket.
- the interior of the cylinder must be included Compressed air can be supplied. Passages 106 to the cylindrical outer surface 88 of the blanket cylinder 14 are available with the inside of the blanket cylinder. This means that the interior is supplied with compressed air of the blanket cylinder 14 with the inside of the blanket 18 in communication to the blanket during application to stretch on the blanket cylinder. After the blanket 18 on the outer circumference of the blanket cylinder 14 has been placed, the compressed air can be removed. The rubber blanket 18 pulls then comes together around the blanket cylinder 14, lies tightly and encloses the blanket cylinder circumference over the axial width of the rubber blanket and in the circumferential direction over the inner surface 86 of the Blanket 18.
Landscapes
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9018111U DE9018111U1 (de) | 1989-10-05 | 1990-09-07 | Lithographische Druckmaschine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41758789A | 1989-10-05 | 1989-10-05 | |
US417587 | 1989-10-05 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0421145A2 EP0421145A2 (de) | 1991-04-10 |
EP0421145A3 EP0421145A3 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
EP0421145B1 EP0421145B1 (de) | 1993-12-08 |
EP0421145B2 true EP0421145B2 (de) | 1999-06-16 |
Family
ID=23654585
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19900117234 Expired - Lifetime EP0421145B2 (de) | 1989-10-05 | 1990-09-07 | Offsetdruckmaschine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0421145B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2569213B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1026876C (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2026954C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE59003784D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2048915T5 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK95394A (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7775159B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-08-17 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Cantilevered blanket cylinder lifting mechanism |
US7819057B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-10-26 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Print unit having blanket cylinder throw-off bearer surfaces |
US7849796B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-12-14 | Goss International Americas, Inc | Web offset printing press with articulated tucker |
US8037818B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2011-10-18 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Print unit with single motor drive permitting autoplating |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6374734B1 (en) | 1989-10-05 | 2002-04-23 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Tubular printing blanket |
FR2660895B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-12 | 1994-10-28 | Rollin Sa | Cylindre revetu d'un blanchet d'impression. |
US5352507A (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1994-10-04 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Seamless multilayer printing blanket |
CA2068629C (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1996-05-07 | James B. Vrotacoe | Gapless tubular printing blanket |
DE4217793C1 (de) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-09 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Offset-Gummituch und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US5245923A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-09-21 | Heidelberg Harris Inc. | Printing press with movable printing blanket |
US5215013A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1993-06-01 | Heidelberg Harris Inc. | Printing blanket with noise attenuation |
DE4230431C2 (de) * | 1992-09-11 | 1996-09-26 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Offset-Gummituchhülse |
DE4337554A1 (de) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-23 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Lithographische Offsetdruckmaschine |
DE4307320C2 (de) * | 1993-03-09 | 1998-10-01 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mit einer Gummischicht oder einem Gummituch versehenen Platte für eine Druckmaschine |
US5347927A (en) * | 1993-05-04 | 1994-09-20 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Anisotropic endless printing element and method for making the same |
EP0652104B1 (de) * | 1993-11-05 | 2002-04-10 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG | Druckwerk für wasserlosen Offsetdruck |
US5535674A (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-07-16 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Distortion-reduced lithographic printing press |
DE4430693B4 (de) † | 1994-08-30 | 2005-12-22 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Antriebe für eine Rollenrotations-Offsetdruckmaschine |
JP2832157B2 (ja) † | 1995-02-16 | 1998-12-02 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 印刷用ブランケット |
DE19720549A1 (de) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-19 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von zylindrischen Beschichtungsträgern |
DE19720551A1 (de) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-11-19 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Basisträgerhülse für Rotationsdruckmaschinen |
US6073558A (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-06-13 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Printing press having blanket cylinder with filler bar and blanket |
DE19921388A1 (de) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-11-16 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Rotationsdruckmaschine mit einem Form-, einem Übertragungs- und einem Gegendruckzylinder |
DE10055031A1 (de) * | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-08 | Bobotex Hans Ladwig Gmbh & Co | Wickelband für eine Walze |
DE10228686A1 (de) | 2002-06-27 | 2004-02-12 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Gummizylinderhülse für Offset-Druckmaschinen |
DE10257745A1 (de) | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-22 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Gummizylinderhülse für Offset-Druckmaschinen |
DE102004011882A1 (de) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-07-21 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Druckwerk für eine Druckmaschine ohne Feuchtwerk sowie Drucktuch |
KR100628274B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-09-27 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 인쇄롤용 블랭킷 |
CN102658510A (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-09-12 | 上海欣展橡胶有限公司 | 一种齿形胶辊的制造工艺 |
CA2878702A1 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-01-16 | Amcor Limited | An apparatus and process |
US20230249933A1 (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2023-08-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Primer apparatus |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1804139A (en) * | 1926-01-16 | 1931-05-05 | Frank W Adsit | Printing blanket for offset work |
DE564221C (de) * | 1931-02-23 | 1932-11-15 | Edmond Uher Jun | Andruckkoerper fuer Druckereien |
JPS527371A (en) * | 1975-07-08 | 1977-01-20 | Nippon Cement Co Ltd | Method for removing nitrogen oxides in gases |
GB1581233A (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1980-12-10 | Drg Uk Ltd | Printing press |
DE3139494C2 (de) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-11-10 | Herlitz Ag, 1000 Berlin | Walze |
JPS59179345A (ja) * | 1983-03-29 | 1984-10-11 | モスタイプ・コ−ポレイシヨン | 取りはずし可能な印刷シリンダ用心棒組立 |
JPS59209198A (ja) * | 1983-05-13 | 1984-11-27 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | オフセツト印刷機用ブランケツト |
DE3543704A1 (de) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-06-19 | Md Papierfabrik Pasing Nicolau | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bedrucken einer bahn |
JPS6330165U (ja) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-02-27 | ||
DE3702889A1 (de) * | 1987-01-31 | 1988-08-11 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Vorrichtung zum aufbringen einer huelse auf einen druckwerkzylinder |
-
1990
- 1990-09-07 ES ES90117234T patent/ES2048915T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-07 DE DE90117234T patent/DE59003784D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-07 EP EP19900117234 patent/EP0421145B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-28 CN CN 90107916 patent/CN1026876C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-04 CA CA 2026954 patent/CA2026954C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-05 JP JP2266584A patent/JP2569213B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-08 HK HK95394A patent/HK95394A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7775159B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-08-17 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Cantilevered blanket cylinder lifting mechanism |
US7819057B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-10-26 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Print unit having blanket cylinder throw-off bearer surfaces |
US7849796B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-12-14 | Goss International Americas, Inc | Web offset printing press with articulated tucker |
US8250976B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2012-08-28 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Cantilevered blanket cylinder lifting mechanism |
US8037818B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2011-10-18 | Goss International Americas, Inc. | Print unit with single motor drive permitting autoplating |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2048915T3 (es) | 1994-04-01 |
EP0421145A3 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
CA2026954A1 (en) | 1991-04-06 |
EP0421145A2 (de) | 1991-04-10 |
ES2048915T5 (es) | 1999-11-01 |
HK95394A (en) | 1994-09-16 |
EP0421145B1 (de) | 1993-12-08 |
CA2026954C (en) | 1997-05-06 |
JPH03128247A (ja) | 1991-05-31 |
CN1026876C (zh) | 1994-12-07 |
JP2569213B2 (ja) | 1997-01-08 |
DE59003784D1 (de) | 1994-01-20 |
CN1050701A (zh) | 1991-04-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0421145B2 (de) | Offsetdruckmaschine | |
EP0581018B1 (de) | Druckgummituch mit Lärmdämpfung | |
EP0614838B1 (de) | Auswechselbare Andrückhülse | |
EP0586881B1 (de) | Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine, insbesondere zum Bedrucken von dicken Papierbahnen | |
EP0514344A1 (de) | Spaltfreies, hülsenförmiges Gummituch | |
DE4320923A1 (de) | Gummituch einer Offsetdruckmaschine | |
DE1486854A1 (de) | Rotationsdruckmaschinen zum Bedrucken von Papierrollen | |
DE68920395T2 (de) | Druckmaschinenwalzen. | |
DE2736175A1 (de) | Druckwerk | |
EP1090754B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Wechseln einer Druckzylinderhülse | |
DE102006056830B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Neun-Zylinder-Satellitendruckeinheit | |
DE9018111U1 (de) | Lithographische Druckmaschine | |
EP1316423A1 (de) | Rasterwalze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Wiederaufbereitung | |
EP1136265A9 (de) | Druckwerk in einer Druckmaschine | |
DE102010001747B4 (de) | Schmitzring sowie ein Verfahren zum reversiblen Verändern eines Außenradius eines Schmitzrings | |
EP2323850B1 (de) | Farbwerk einer druckmaschine | |
EP1927475B1 (de) | Satellitendruckeinheit und ein Druckturm | |
EP2117843A2 (de) | Verfahren zum betreiben eines feuchtwerks, feuchtwerk sowie druckwerk | |
DE29905660U1 (de) | Druckmaschine mit einer Reinigungseinrichtung zur Reinigung zweier Druckmaschinenzylinder | |
EP2639064A1 (de) | Flexodruckwerk | |
DE102006056828B4 (de) | Satellitendruckeinheit und ein Druckturm | |
EP0687562B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufziehen flexibler Druckformen | |
DE102006062835B4 (de) | Druckplatten für Plattenzylinder | |
DD297117A5 (de) | Vorrichtung zur druckumstellung bei maschinenstillstand | |
AT294868B (de) | Umlaufender Druckformträger |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19900907 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
GBC | Gb: translation of claims filed (gb section 78(7)/1977) | ||
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19921016 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59003784 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19940120 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19940217 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2048915 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
PLBI | Opposition filed |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: MAN ROLAND DRUCKMASCHINEN AG Effective date: 19940902 |
|
26 | Opposition filed |
Opponent name: MAN ROLAND DRUCKMASCHINEN AG Effective date: 19940902 Opponent name: MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA Effective date: 19940908 |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: MAN ROLAND DRUCKMASCHINEN AG. |
|
NLR1 | Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo |
Opponent name: MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO K.K. |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 90117234.6 |
|
APAC | Appeal dossier modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO |
|
APAA | Appeal reference recorded |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS REFN |
|
APAC | Appeal dossier modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO |
|
PLAW | Interlocutory decision in opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP |
|
PLAW | Interlocutory decision in opposition |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IDOP |
|
PUAH | Patent maintained in amended form |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED |
|
27A | Patent maintained in amended form |
Effective date: 19990616 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B2 Designated state(s): CH DE ES FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: AEN Free format text: AUFRECHTERHALTUNG DES PATENTES IN GEAENDERTER FORM |
|
NLR2 | Nl: decision of opposition | ||
GBTA | Gb: translation of amended ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(b)/1977) | ||
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
ET3 | Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: DC2A Kind code of ref document: T5 Effective date: 19990915 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
NLS | Nl: assignments of ep-patents |
Owner name: HEIDELBERG WEB SYSTEMS, INC. |
|
APAH | Appeal reference modified |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20080926 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20080924 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20080929 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20090925 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20090929 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20090929 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: V1 Effective date: 20100401 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20090928 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100401 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20100906 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20100906 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20110228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090908 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20091006 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090908 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20100907 |