EP0350528A1 - Radiateur - Google Patents

Radiateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0350528A1
EP0350528A1 EP88111419A EP88111419A EP0350528A1 EP 0350528 A1 EP0350528 A1 EP 0350528A1 EP 88111419 A EP88111419 A EP 88111419A EP 88111419 A EP88111419 A EP 88111419A EP 0350528 A1 EP0350528 A1 EP 0350528A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holding frame
heat
metal strips
radiator according
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88111419A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0350528B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Bohlender
Josef David
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DBK David and Baader GmbH
Original Assignee
DBK David and Baader GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8199122&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0350528(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by DBK David and Baader GmbH filed Critical DBK David and Baader GmbH
Priority to DE3869773T priority Critical patent/DE3869773C5/de
Priority to EP88111419A priority patent/EP0350528B1/fr
Priority to ES198888111419T priority patent/ES2031184T3/es
Priority to JP1162822A priority patent/JPH083391B2/ja
Priority to US07/373,906 priority patent/US5057672A/en
Publication of EP0350528A1 publication Critical patent/EP0350528A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0350528B1 publication Critical patent/EP0350528B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F24H3/047—Multiple-piece frames assembled on their four or more edges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F24H3/0476—Means for putting the electric heaters in the frame under strain, e.g. with springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiator, consisting of a flat holding frame and a plurality of elongated, heat-emitting elements, which are held by the same and extend parallel to one another in the plane spanned by the holding frame, each of which is abutted by a plurality of fins made of a good heat-conducting material. which extend transversely to the longitudinal extent of the heat-emitting elements essentially plane-parallel to one another and at a mutual distance between them or between them and two first spars of the holder frame.
  • a radiator is generally known; it is used, for example, as a heat exchanger in the cooling system of a water-cooled internal combustion engine or as a heat exchanger for the interior heating of motor vehicles.
  • the heat-emitting elements are pipes through which water or steam flows and which penetrate vertically through the fins which are attached to them, for example by means of brazed connections.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a radiator of the type mentioned, which is particularly suitable for use for automotive window heating, allows a compact structure and is able to give heat to an air stream very quickly.
  • the invention transforms a radiator of a known type, such as is used in particular in motor vehicles for delivering cooling water heat, to an electrically operated radiator, in which the heat-emitting elements are heated by electrical thermistor elements, of the type which are usually known as PTC resistors be designated.
  • Such PTC resistors have the property that they have a low electrical resistance in the cold state, which increases with increasing temperature, so that the current flowing through the PTC resistor decreases with increasing temperature.
  • the PTC resistor thus has self-regulating properties that prevent the PTC resistor from overheating.
  • the temperature that such a PTC resistor can reach at a given operating voltage can be influenced by certain parameters during production, which need not be explained here, however.
  • PTC resistors are widely used in technology as protective elements in devices in which overheating due to excessive operating current is to be prevented.
  • the abovementioned properties inherent in the PTC resistors must be given particular attention when PTC resistors are used as heating elements, as in the present case.
  • the aforementioned self-regulating property of a PTC resistor leads to the PTC resistor not being able to give off a sufficient amount of heat if the heat it has developed is not dissipated by it. It is therefore here for good heat transfer between the PTC resistor and the medium surrounding it Airflow to worry.
  • the features further characterizing the invention are directed to solving this problem. It is particularly important that the sheet metal strips touching the PTC resistors rest well against the PTC resistors, if possible over the entire surface.
  • spring elements are arranged in the holding frame, which press on the metal strips via the slats.
  • the sheet metal strips are held to a certain extent in the holding frame so that the pressure forces can be passed on to the sheet metal strips unhindered.
  • radiators according to the invention are not only suitable for that purpose, but are also open to a wide range of applications, in particular also in domestic installations, household appliances and the like.
  • the drawing shows a radiator from the side, cut in the upper section along the line I-I of Fig. 3.
  • the radiator consists of a holding frame 1 made of first, longitudinal frame bars 2 and second, transverse frame bars 3, which are connected at their ends and span a plane.
  • first frame bars 2 parallel to the first frame spars 2 in the present example, run two heat-emitting elements 4, each consisting of two sheet metal strips 5, which run parallel to one another and form an intermediate space between them, in which a plurality of PTC resistors 6 are arranged are, which abut the adjacent metal strips 5 with both sides.
  • the sheet metal strips 5 are kept electrically insulated from one another in the second frame spars 3, and at least two of them are provided with electrical connection elements, in the present case with flat plug connections 7, which protrude outward beyond the one frame spar 3.
  • a large number of plane-parallel lamellae 8 abut the free, ie, the PTC resistors 6 facing away from the flat strips 5 with their end faces.
  • This retaining strip 9 is preferably opposite the second Frame bars 3 are electrically insulated, but it does not necessarily have to be if the holding frame 1 may be galvanically connected to the power supply of the radiator.
  • the first, longitudinal frame spars 2 each consist of an inner band 11 in contact with the fins 8 of the outer group of fins and a relatively rigid rail 12, preferably U-shaped in cross section, which extends in the same direction and which has an intermediate space with the inner band 11 13 includes, in which there is a spring element, here in the form of an elongated, corrugated spring band 14, which is supported on the rail 12 and presses the inner band 11 against the slats 8.
  • the lamellae 8 of an outer lamella group can in each case be firmly connected on the end face to the inner band 11 or to the metal band 5, for example by soldering, or both to the inner band 11 and to the metal band 5 in order to form an integral unit.
  • the lamellae 8 of the inner lamella groups can be connected in the same way to the carrier strip 9 or to the adjacent metal strip 5.
  • the carrier tape 9 can optionally be omitted so that the radiator contains only three lamella groups, or it can be replaced by a further heat-emitting element made of sheet metal strips and PTC resistors, so that the radiator then contains three heat-emitting elements. It is also possible to provide a larger number of heat-emitting elements in the holding frame.
  • electrical voltage can be applied between the flat plug connections 7 and the flat plug connection 10, so that the voltage supply to one of the sheet metal strips 5 takes place via the carrier strip 9 and the lamellae 8 of the relevant inner lamella group lying between this and the relevant metal strip 5.
  • PTC resistors of the same characteristics are used, voltage of double magnitude can only be applied to the flat plug connections 7, so that an electrical series connection results.
  • the PTC resistors 6 can be kept at a distance between the metal strips 5 by a strip 15 made of electrically insulating material, which contains suitable openings 16 for receiving the PTC resistors 6, as can be seen clearly in FIGS. 1 and 3. It goes without saying that this strip 15 must not have a greater thickness than the PTC resistors 6, which in the example shown are of flat, disk-shaped form.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
EP88111419A 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiateur Expired - Lifetime EP0350528B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3869773T DE3869773C5 (de) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiator.
EP88111419A EP0350528B1 (fr) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiateur
ES198888111419T ES2031184T3 (es) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiador
JP1162822A JPH083391B2 (ja) 1988-07-15 1989-06-27 ラジエータ
US07/373,906 US5057672A (en) 1988-07-15 1989-06-29 Radiator having ptc electric resistance heating elements and spring-biased fin arrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88111419A EP0350528B1 (fr) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0350528A1 true EP0350528A1 (fr) 1990-01-17
EP0350528B1 EP0350528B1 (fr) 1992-04-01

Family

ID=8199122

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111419A Expired - Lifetime EP0350528B1 (fr) 1988-07-15 1988-07-15 Radiateur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5057672A (fr)
EP (1) EP0350528B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH083391B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3869773C5 (fr)
ES (1) ES2031184T3 (fr)

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0464955A1 (fr) * 1990-07-03 1992-01-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated Dispositif de chauffage d'air et assemblage de chauffage
DE4213510C1 (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-08-19 Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De Electric heating arrangement in vehicle heating and ventilation system - is formed by grill located in air outlet and moulded in conductive polymer
US5239163A (en) * 1991-06-19 1993-08-24 Texas Instruments Incorporated Automobile air heater utilizing PTC tablets adhesively fixed to tubular heat sinks
US5256857A (en) * 1990-08-22 1993-10-26 Texas Instruments Incorporated Finned PTC air heater assembly for heating an automotive passenger compartment
EP0575649A1 (fr) * 1992-06-23 1993-12-29 David & Baader DBK Spezialfabrik elektrischer Apparate und Heizwiderstände GmbH Radiateur
FR2701757A1 (fr) * 1993-02-18 1994-08-26 Valeo Thermique Habitacle Radiateur de chauffage électrique, notamment pour l'habitacle d'un véhicule automobile.
EP0616486A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appareil de chauffage et procédé pour chauffer un courant de fluide
DE4434613A1 (de) * 1994-09-28 1996-04-04 Behr Gmbh & Co Elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE4436791A1 (de) * 1994-10-14 1996-04-18 Behr Gmbh & Co Heizkörper für eine Heizungsanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE19706199A1 (de) * 1997-02-18 1998-08-20 Behr Gmbh & Co Elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE19732010A1 (de) * 1997-07-25 1999-01-28 Behr Gmbh & Co Elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE19911547A1 (de) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-21 Behr Gmbh & Co Elektrische Heizeinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP1130337A2 (fr) 2000-02-17 2001-09-05 ELTEK S.p.A. Radiateur électrique
DE10121906A1 (de) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-14 Buhler Motor Gmbh Belüftungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
DE10121904A1 (de) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-14 Buhler Motor Gmbh Belüftungsvorrichtung für Fahrzeuge
US6559426B2 (en) 1999-02-08 2003-05-06 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Electric heating device for a vehicle
EP1340637A2 (fr) 2002-02-26 2003-09-03 Behr France S.A.R.L. Dispositif d'échange de chaleur
EP1253032A3 (fr) * 2001-04-25 2003-10-08 Behr France S.A.R.L. Dispositif de chauffage électrique avec un bloc chauffant monté dans un cadre
EP1492384A2 (fr) 1997-09-02 2004-12-29 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique, utilisé en particulier pour des véhicules
EP1772684A2 (fr) 2005-08-06 2007-04-11 MicroHellix Systems GmbH Module chauffant électrique pour chauffer un flux d'air, notamment pour chauffer et aérer des chaises
DE19823457B4 (de) * 1997-05-27 2007-08-16 Denso Corp., Kariya Verfahren zum Steuern einer Klimaanlage für ein Fahrzeug
EP1915034A1 (fr) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-23 Catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant PTC
EP1916874A2 (fr) 2005-09-23 2008-04-30 Catem GmbH & Co.KG Elément d'un dispositif de chauffage produisant de la chaleur
DE102007006058A1 (de) 2007-02-02 2008-08-07 Microhellix Systems Gmbh Elektrisches Heizmodul zur Luftstromerwärmung, insbesondere zur Heizung und Belüftung von Sitzen
EP1967398A1 (fr) 2007-03-06 2008-09-10 CEBI S.p.A. Chauffage électrique pour systèmes de ventilation de véhicule
EP2019268A2 (fr) 2007-07-18 2009-01-28 Catem GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage électrique
WO2009087106A1 (fr) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-16 MicroHellix GmbH Module à lamelles d'échangeur thermique, échangeur thermique et module de chauffage électrique
EP2109345A1 (fr) 2008-04-11 2009-10-14 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément produisant de la chaleur et dispositif de chauffage comprenant un élément produisant de la chaleur
EP2211590A1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-28 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Caloporteur
DE202011100054U1 (de) 2011-04-30 2011-06-15 MicroHellix GmbH, 53505 Elektrisches Heizmodul zur Luftstromwärmung
US7977605B2 (en) 2003-10-07 2011-07-12 Behr France Rouffach Sas Heating assembly comprising a PTC element, in particular for a motor vehicle
DE202010011016U1 (de) 2010-08-04 2011-10-10 Ingo Schehr Elektrisches Heizmodul mit PTC-Element zum elektrischen Erwärmen eines Luftstroms
EP2407327A1 (fr) 2010-07-16 2012-01-18 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique, notamment chauffage auxiliaire de véhicule automobile et climatisation de véhicule automobile
DE102010033309A1 (de) 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Ingo Schehr Wärmetauscher-Lamellenmodul, Wärmetauscher und elektrisches Heizmodul
WO2012016687A1 (fr) 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Ingo Schehr Module de chauffage électrique comprenant un élément à coefficient de température positif (ptc), conçu pour assurer le chauffage électrique d'un courant d'air
US8183505B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2012-05-22 Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat-generating element for an electric heating device and method for the manufacture of the same
EP2608632A1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé
EP2608633A1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément générateur de chaleur
EP2607808A1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément générateur de chaleur
EP2608631A1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2013-06-26 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément générateur de chaleur
DE102012025445A1 (de) 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE102012011903A1 (de) 2012-06-14 2013-12-19 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
EP1353131B2 (fr) † 2002-04-11 2014-05-28 Behr France Rouffach SAS Dispositif de chauffage électrique, spécialement pour une voiture
DE102016110023A1 (de) 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Heizeinheit und Wäschetrockner
DE202016104501U1 (de) 2016-08-16 2017-11-17 Elektrosil Systeme Der Elektronik Gmbh Elektrisches Heizmodul zum Erwärmen eines Luftstroms
DE102018202033A1 (de) 2018-02-09 2019-08-14 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
EP3530503A1 (fr) 2018-02-26 2019-08-28 MAHLE International GmbH Chauffage électrique
DE102019200172A1 (de) 2019-01-09 2020-07-09 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE102020202903A1 (de) 2020-03-06 2021-09-09 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizvorrichtung

Families Citing this family (70)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5197112A (en) * 1990-12-24 1993-03-23 Cameron David M Fixed volume PTC air heater with heat output adjusted by a damper controlling air flow over the PTC element
JPH04124893U (ja) * 1991-04-22 1992-11-13 富士通株式会社 Ａｃアダプタ電源装置
US5326418A (en) * 1992-04-14 1994-07-05 Yeh Yuan Chang Method of making positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor heating element
FR2690112B1 (fr) * 1992-04-21 1995-06-23 Valeo Thermique Habitacle Dispositif de chauffage-ventilation de l'habitacle d'un vehicule automobile propulse par un moteur a faibles rejets thermiques.
DE4215498A1 (de) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-25 Tuerk & Hillinger Gmbh Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit PTC-Elementen
JP3203803B2 (ja) * 1992-09-01 2001-08-27 株式会社デンソー サーミスタ式温度センサ
US5377298A (en) * 1993-04-21 1994-12-27 Yang; Chiung-Hsiang Cassette PTC semiconductor heating apparatus
US5513296A (en) * 1994-06-08 1996-04-30 Holmes Products Corp. Air heater with angled PTC heaters producing diverging heated airflow
JPH0855673A (ja) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-27 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 正特性サーミスタ発熱装置
GB2296847B (en) * 1994-11-30 1999-03-24 Strix Ltd Electric heaters
US6178292B1 (en) 1997-02-06 2001-01-23 Denso Corporation Core unit of heat exchanger having electric heater
IL121448A (en) * 1997-08-01 2001-04-30 A T C T Advanced Thermal Chips Electrical ptc heating device
JP3794116B2 (ja) * 1997-08-06 2006-07-05 株式会社デンソー 暖房用熱交換器
DE19758915B4 (de) * 1997-09-02 2015-07-02 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Heizeinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP0937595B1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 2003-08-20 smart gmbh Installation de chauffage ou de climatisation pour véhicules
ES2236991T3 (es) * 1999-06-15 2005-07-16 DAVID & BAADER DBK SPEZIALFABRIK ELEKTRISCHER APPARATE UND HEIZWIDERSTANDE GMBH Dispositivo de calefaccion destinado para el calentamiento de aire.
US6259075B1 (en) * 1999-12-29 2001-07-10 Chia-Hsiung Wu Ceramic-resistor heating plate
US6957013B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2005-10-18 Algas-Sdi International Llc Fluid heater
CN2489536Y (zh) * 2001-07-18 2002-05-01 张广全 Ptc发热器
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DE3869773C5 (de) 2010-06-24
JPH0268453A (ja) 1990-03-07
DE3869773D1 (en) 1992-05-07
ES2031184T3 (es) 1992-12-01
US5057672A (en) 1991-10-15
EP0350528B1 (fr) 1992-04-01
JPH083391B2 (ja) 1996-01-17

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