EP0308597B1 - Drehschiebeverschluss für ein metallurgisches Gefäss sowie Rotor und/oder Stator für einen solchen Drehverschluss - Google Patents

Drehschiebeverschluss für ein metallurgisches Gefäss sowie Rotor und/oder Stator für einen solchen Drehverschluss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308597B1
EP0308597B1 EP88111077A EP88111077A EP0308597B1 EP 0308597 B1 EP0308597 B1 EP 0308597B1 EP 88111077 A EP88111077 A EP 88111077A EP 88111077 A EP88111077 A EP 88111077A EP 0308597 B1 EP0308597 B1 EP 0308597B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
gate valve
sliding gate
rotary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88111077A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0308597A2 (de
EP0308597A3 (en
Inventor
Ernst Lührsen
Ullrich Hintzen
Raimund Brückner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Didier Werke AG
Original Assignee
Didier Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Didier Werke AG filed Critical Didier Werke AG
Priority to AT88111077T priority Critical patent/ATE80818T1/de
Publication of EP0308597A2 publication Critical patent/EP0308597A2/de
Publication of EP0308597A3 publication Critical patent/EP0308597A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0308597B1 publication Critical patent/EP0308597B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D37/00—Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotary slide closure for tapping liquid molten metal from a metallurgical vessel with a rotationally symmetrical, serving as a closure body refractory rotor, which is arranged rotatably about an axis of rotation in a stator having an outflow channel and at least one while rotating the rotor relative to the stator Connection of the inlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator with the outlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator with the outlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator to be opened and to be closed again by interrupting this connection.
  • a pure twist lock is known, for example, from DE-PS 33 06 670.
  • a tubular plug is provided as the rotor, which has a radial connection opening in a conical extension.
  • the conical shoulder is fitted in a correspondingly conical blind hole of a fitting fixedly arranged in the vessel lining with a removal opening.
  • a high surface pressure between the conical approach of the rotary plug and the exclusively conical sealing seat of the fitting is required, which must be applied by an axial spring pressure. Opening and closing is done by turning the plug in relation to the fitting.
  • stator has a recess with a circular cylindrical inner surface serving as a sealing seat, into which the rotor is fitted with a circular cylindrical outer surface and within which the rotor is both rotatable and axially displaceable.
  • the twist lock can be opened and closed both by rotating the rotor relative to the stator and by axially displacing the rotor in the stator.
  • the pouring jet can be throttled by rotating the rotor relative to the stator and completely opening and closing the rotary slide closure by axially displacing the rotor relative to the stator.
  • At least the inlet or the outlet openings of the stator and rotor are arranged in the circular cylindrical inner surface of the stator or the circular cylindrical outer surface of the rotor.
  • the inlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator and the inlet opening of the throughflow channel of the rotor preferably lie in an end face of the stator or of the rotor that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation or the outlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator and the outlet opening of the flow channel of the rotor each in an end face of the stator or of the rotor which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • An inlet-side and outlet-side closing and opening of the flow channel of the rotor is achieved when the outflow channel of the stator and the flow channel of the rotor as a whole run essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
  • the rotor and stator are very simple shaped bodies.
  • stator and rotor run parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor over a substantial part of their length
  • stator and rotor are in any case in this part of their length essentially tubular with a relatively thin wall thickness, which is at the beginning of the casting process Relatively quick heating of the rotary slide closure to the desired operating temperature guaranteed.
  • both the outflow channel of the stator and the flow channel of the rotor - viewed in the flow direction - initially run essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor and then essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation, or vice versa.
  • stator and rotor — with the vessel filled — are arranged wholly or at least partially in the molten metal.
  • stator and rotor on the outside of the vessel wall.
  • stator and rotor lie at least partially within the vessel wall and, in yet another embodiment of the inventive concept, the stator forms part or all of the refractory vessel bottom lining and / or the vessel wall lining. This saves a part of the vessel wall lining and the twist lock is housed in a thermally favorable position to save space.
  • stator is arranged in the transition area between the vessel bottom lining and the vessel wall lining, the rotary lock for actuating the rotor is easily accessible even in this case, in which the stator and rotor are arranged in the direct area of action of the metal melt present in the vessel.
  • the rotor can be driven through the vessel wall and the vessel wall lining.
  • the axis of rotation of the rotor is vertical, for example, it can preferably be driven from below through the bottom of the vessel and the bottom of the vessel or from above through the molten metal.
  • the rotor can be actuated by two different drives for rotation and axial displacement. If, for example, the pouring jet is to be controlled by rotation, this requires a relatively precise actuation, which, however, does not need to take place particularly quickly. On the other hand, a relatively rapid movement is required for opening and closing the rotary slide closure by axially displacing the rotor in the recess of the stator, which movement can be limited by stops in the open and closed positions.
  • stator or the rotor or a part or an extension thereof it is also possible for the stator or the rotor or a part or an extension thereof to be designed as a pour protection tube.
  • the invention proposes that the thermal expansion coefficient of the rotor and ggs. whose sliding sleeve is equal to or less than the thermal expansion coefficient of the stator and, if necessary, its sliding sleeve. This can jam the rotor relative to the Stator can be reliably avoided during casting under operating temperatures.
  • the stator and rotor can preferably consist of materials of different hardness, in particular ceramic materials.
  • the rotor and / or stator and / or their sliding sleeve preferably consist of oxide ceramic.
  • the refractory material of the rotor and / or of the stator and / or of the sliding sleeve contains carbon, graphite or the like, at least in the surface areas facing one another.
  • the invention also provides that the refractory material of the rotor and / or the stator and / or the sliding sleeve contains ceramic fibers or ceramic fibers and fibers made of carbon or graphite.
  • the invention further relates to a rotor and a stator, in particular for a twist lock of the type according to the invention.
  • the rotor is characterized in that it has a circular cylindrical outer surface which corresponds to a circular cylindrical inner surface serving as a seat of a recess in a refractory stator and in which at least one inlet opening and / or at least one outlet opening of a flow channel lie / lie.
  • the stator according to the invention is characterized in that it has a recess with a circular cylindrical inner surface serving as a seat, which has a circular cylindrical Corresponds to the lateral surface of a refractory rotor and in which at least one inlet opening and / or at least one outlet opening of an outlet channel lie / lies.
  • the inlet opening or outlet opening of the flow channel of the rotor lie in the circular-cylindrical outer surface, but one or the other opening can also lie in an end surface which is essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
  • the inlet opening and outlet opening of the outflow channel of the stator preferably lie in the circular cylindrical inner surface of the recess, while the two openings can optionally also lie in an end surface which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the recess.
  • the simplest design of the rotor or stator is obtained when the flow channel is essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor or the outflow channel is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the recess in the stator.
  • the flow channel of the rotor - viewed in the flow direction - initially runs essentially in the direction of the axis of rotation and then essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation or vice versa, while correspondingly the flow channel of the stator - in the direction of flow first seen essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the recess and then essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis or vice versa, the axis of rotation of the rotor coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the stator.
  • the stator can be designed so that part or an extension of it serves as a pouring protection tube.
  • the rotor or stator are preferably made of oxide ceramic.
  • the stator or rotor can also have a plurality of inlet or outlet openings in order to increase the service life of these parts. If the openings are of different sizes, e.g. an opening with a large cross-section can be opened by pouring, e.g. to fill a tundish quickly, while in the casting operation the regulation of the casting speed by turning and / or moving openings with a smaller cross-section can be carried out relatively precisely.
  • FIGS. 1 to 8 each schematically illustrate in vertical section a metallurgical vessel with a rotary slide closure of the invention having various designs, the rotary axis of the rotor running horizontally according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and vertically according to FIGS. 4 to 8.
  • the rotary closure is on the outside of the vessel wall, the liquid metal melt being fed to the rotary slide closure via an inlet stone in the vessel bottom lining, during the execution 2, the twist lock is integrated in the vessel wall lining and is arranged in the transition area from the vessel bottom to the vessel wall.
  • the rotary slide closure also takes up part of the vessel wall lining, but it stands vertically in the central region of the vessel bottom.
  • the rotary slide closure 1 for tapping liquid melt from a metallurgical vessel 2 has a rotationally symmetrical, refractory rotor 3 serving as a closure body.
  • the rotor 3 is rotatable about a horizontal axis of rotation A in this case in a stator 5 having a recess 4.
  • the rotor 3 has at least one flow channel 8 to be opened with rotation D of the rotor 3 relative to the stator 5 by connecting the inlet opening 6 of the outlet channel 4 of the stator 5 to the outlet opening 7 of the outlet channel 4 of the stator 5 and to be closed again by interrupting this connection .
  • the stator 5 has a recess 9 with a circular cylindrical inner surface 10 serving as a seat, into which the rotor 4 with its circular cylindrical outer surface 11 is fitted in a sealing manner.
  • the rotor 3 is both rotatable and axially displaceable within the recess 9.
  • the inlet opening 6 of the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 lies in the circular cylindrical inner surface 10 of the recess 9 and the inlet opening 12 of the throughflow channel 8 of the stator 3 in the circular cylindrical outer surface 11 of the rotor 3.
  • the outlet opening 13 of the throughflow channel 8 of the rotor 3 lies in the Circular cylindrical outer surface 11 of the rotor 3 and the outlet opening 7 of the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 in the circular cylindrical inner surface 10 of the recess 9.
  • the stator 5 and rotor 3 are arranged overall on the outside of the vessel wall, namely on the vessel bottom 18.
  • An inlet stone 20, which in the vessel bottom lining 14th is arranged, has a conical flow opening 21, which opens into the inlet opening 6 of the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5.
  • Both the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 and the flow channel 8 of the rotor 3 run essentially perpendicularly to the axis of rotation A, that is to say vertically in this case.
  • the rotor can not only be subjected to a rotation D about the axis of rotation A, but also an axial longitudinal displacement V.
  • two different drives can be used, for example by controlling the pouring jet by rotating the rotor 3 and by axially displacing it Opening and closing the twist lock 1 is accomplished.
  • the rotor 3 is guided in the recess 9 of the stator 5 by means of a refractory sliding sleeve 17.
  • stator 5 and the rotor 3 are partially arranged in the interior of the vessel intended for the molten metal and partially inside the vessel wall
  • stator 5 and the rotor 3 at least partially form part of the refractory vessel bottom lining 14 and the vessel wall lining 15.
  • the inlet opening 6 of the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 and the inlet opening 12 of the throughflow channel 8 of the rotor 3 each lie in an end face of the stator 5 or of the rotor 3 which is essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation A, so that the metal melt initially in the substantially horizontally to the axis of rotation A and then vertically, perpendicular to the axis of rotation A out of the interior of the vessel.
  • the rotor 3 can be driven from the side through the vessel wall 19 and the vessel wall lining 15.
  • the stator 5 has an extension which is designed as an immersion nozzle with a nozzle tube 16.
  • the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 and the flow channel 8 of the rotor 3 initially run essentially vertically, vertically to the axis of rotation A and then essentially horizontally, parallel to the axis of rotation A. In this way, the pouring jet is first led vertically and then horizontally out of the interior of the vessel.
  • the rotor 3 is preferably actuated at the end opposite the outlet opening 13 of the flow channel 8.
  • rotor 3 and stator 5 are thus fitted into one another with tubular sections over at least part of their length.
  • the outlet opening 7 of the outlet channel 4 of the stator 5 and the outlet opening 13 of the outlet channel 8 of the rotor 3 each lie in an end face of the stator 5 and the rotor 3 that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of the rotor 3.
  • the axis of rotation A of the rotor 3 is vertical, that is to say perpendicular to the bottom of the vessel 18.
  • the rotor 3 is both rotated and axially displaced with respect to the vertically standing sleeve-shaped stator 5 by means of a fireproof-coated actuating rod 22.
  • Stator 5 and rotor 3 are also partially in the interior of the vessel, which is taken up by the molten metal, and partially form part of the vessel bottom lining 14.
  • Both the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 and the flow channel 8 of the rotor 3 initially run horizontally and then vertically , because the inlet opening 6 of the outflow channel 4 in the circular cylindrical inner surface 10 of the recess 9, the inlet opening 12 of the throughflow channel 8 in the circular cylindrical outer surface 11 of the rotor 3, the outlet opening 13 of the throughflow channel 8 in the downwardly facing end face of the rotor 3 and the Outlet opening 7 of the outflow channel 4 lie in the downward-facing end face of the stator 5.
  • the inlet opening 6 of the outflow channel 4 of the stator 5 lies somewhat above the inner surface of the vessel bottom lining 14, so that undesired residues of slag are retained in the interior of the vessel.
  • the rotor 3, like the stator 5, is designed as a continuous tube and is actuated from above the bath level.
  • the tubular end of the tubular stator 5 is incorporated into the vessel bottom lining 14.
  • the stator 5 is a tube which is closed at the top and which is received with its lower end in the vessel bottom lining 14.
  • the rotor 3 protrudes downward through the vessel bottom lining 14 and the vessel bottom 18 in the form of a pour protection tube 16 and can be actuated from below.
  • Rotor 3 and stator 5 each have two diametrically opposite inlet openings 6 and 12.
  • Guide strips 23 made of slidable material can be accommodated between rotor 3 and stator 5.
  • the inner cross section of the stator 5 in the lower region is slightly larger than the outer cross section of the rotor 3 in this region, so that the rotor 3 is guided in the stator 5 only over the upper part of its length.
  • stator 7 is similar to that of FIG. 6. However, in addition to two diametrically opposed small inlet openings 6, the stator has another inlet opening 6 'of larger cross section lying further down, which can be opened completely if the rotor 3 is pulled down far enough.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
EP88111077A 1987-09-19 1988-07-12 Drehschiebeverschluss für ein metallurgisches Gefäss sowie Rotor und/oder Stator für einen solchen Drehverschluss Expired - Lifetime EP0308597B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88111077T ATE80818T1 (de) 1987-09-19 1988-07-12 Drehschiebeverschluss fuer ein metallurgisches gefaess sowie rotor und/oder stator fuer einen solchen drehverschluss.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3731600 1987-09-19
DE19873731600 DE3731600A1 (de) 1987-09-19 1987-09-19 Drehschiebeverschluss fuer ein metallurigsches gefaess sowie rotor und/oder stator fuer einen solchen drehverschluss

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0308597A2 EP0308597A2 (de) 1989-03-29
EP0308597A3 EP0308597A3 (en) 1990-05-16
EP0308597B1 true EP0308597B1 (de) 1992-09-23

Family

ID=6336418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88111077A Expired - Lifetime EP0308597B1 (de) 1987-09-19 1988-07-12 Drehschiebeverschluss für ein metallurgisches Gefäss sowie Rotor und/oder Stator für einen solchen Drehverschluss

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (2) US4949886A (ru)
EP (1) EP0308597B1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2655334B2 (ru)
KR (1) KR960010245B1 (ru)
CN (1) CN1008426B (ru)
AT (1) ATE80818T1 (ru)
BR (1) BR8804766A (ru)
CA (1) CA1337736C (ru)
DE (2) DE3731600A1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2033647T1 (ru)
GR (1) GR3006200T3 (ru)
RU (2) RU2010671C1 (ru)
ZA (1) ZA886039B (ru)

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3819784A1 (de) * 1987-08-03 1989-12-21 Didier Werke Ag Drehverschluss fuer ein metallurgisches gefaess sowie rotor bzw. stator fuer einen solchen drehverschluss
DE3809072A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-28 Didier Werke Ag Dreh- und/oder schieberverschluss und dessen verschlussteile
DE3826245A1 (de) * 1988-08-02 1990-02-08 Didier Werke Ag Schliess- und/oder regelorgan fuer den abstich fluessiger metallschmelze aus einem metallurgischen gefaess
CH676811A5 (ru) * 1988-09-29 1991-03-15 Stopinc Ag
CH678701A5 (ru) * 1989-03-31 1991-10-31 Stopinc Ag
DE3911736C2 (de) * 1989-04-11 1994-02-24 Didier Werke Ag Schließ- und/oder Regelorgan für ein metallurgisches Gefäß
BR8907893A (pt) * 1989-06-01 1992-04-28 Shinagawa Refractories Co Regulador de descarga de metal fundido
CH681435A5 (ru) * 1989-07-11 1993-03-31 Stopinc Ag
DE3934602C1 (ru) * 1989-10-17 1991-04-11 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden, De
DE3934601C1 (ru) * 1989-10-17 1990-10-04 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden, De
DE3939241C2 (de) * 1989-11-28 1994-09-01 Didier Werke Ag Schließ- und/oder Regelorgan
DE4000656A1 (de) * 1990-01-11 1991-07-18 Didier Werke Ag Schliess- und/oder regelorgan
US5156752A (en) * 1990-01-11 1992-10-20 Didier-Werke Ag Elongated stator and rotor members with elongated slots
DE4001095A1 (de) * 1990-01-17 1991-07-18 Didier Werke Ag Verschlusseinrichtung fuer ein schmelzengefaess
DE4032083A1 (de) * 1990-10-10 1992-04-16 Didier Werke Ag Verschluss- und/oder regeleinrichtung fuer den ausguss eines metallurgischen gefaesses
JPH0581231U (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-11-05 三菱マテリアル株式会社 金属ショット粒製造用滴下装置
US5330162A (en) * 1992-07-29 1994-07-19 Meichuseiki Kabushiki Kaisha Dipping and pouring apparatus for molten metal
CH687959A5 (de) * 1993-04-13 1997-04-15 Stopinc Ag Antriebseinrichtung fuer ein Verschlussorgan am Ausguss eines Metallschmelze enthaltenden Behaelters
AU3020199A (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-10-09 Vesuvius Group S.A. Refractory member and rotary valve for molten metal
DE19958176C2 (de) * 1999-12-02 2002-10-17 Daimler Chrysler Ag Kraftfahrzeuggetriebe-Entlüftungsvorrichtung
US7784642B2 (en) * 2004-04-13 2010-08-31 Kevin Gavin Ruggedized lightweight container lid
ES2716202T3 (es) * 2013-04-12 2019-06-11 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co Kg Procedimiento para determinar el estado de un revestimiento refractario de un recipiente de fundido metalúrgico
US10935320B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2021-03-02 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for determining the state of a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel for molten metal in particular
CN105081294B (zh) * 2015-08-17 2018-01-30 共慧冶金设备科技(苏州)有限公司 一种镁合金阀式浇铸系统
CN106903297B (zh) * 2017-04-25 2018-10-16 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 一种浇注底盘
KR101930748B1 (ko) * 2017-08-02 2018-12-19 주식회사 포스코 주조용 슬라이딩 게이트

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GB183241A (en) * 1921-04-19 1922-07-19 William Rowlands Improvements in or relating to teeming devices for ladles adapted to hold molten steel
DE2043588C3 (de) * 1970-09-03 1973-11-08 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Drehschieberverschluß an Behaltern fur flussige Schmelze
US3651998A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-03-28 Metallurg Exoproducts Corp Nozzle for a pouring ladle
CH553610A (de) * 1971-06-09 1974-09-13 Bieri Hans Verschlusseinrichtung fuer die am boden angeordneten auslassoeffnungen von giesspfannen oder zwischenbehaeltern.
GB1380121A (en) * 1972-04-08 1975-01-08 Dyson Ltd J J Containers for molten metal
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AT357283B (de) * 1977-09-16 1980-06-25 Voest Alpine Ag Drehschieberverschluss fuer mit feuerfester auskleidung versehene gefaesse
CH661456A5 (de) * 1983-01-11 1987-07-31 Stopinc Ag Drehverschluss fuer schmelzfluessige werkstoffe, insbesondere metall-schmelzen.
DE3306670C2 (de) * 1983-02-25 1986-10-30 Gerhard 6920 Sinsheim Bleickert Abstichvorrichtung für Abschmelz- und/oder Warmhalteöfen für NE-Metallschmelzen
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DE3809072A1 (de) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-28 Didier Werke Ag Dreh- und/oder schieberverschluss und dessen verschlussteile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0199773A (ja) 1989-04-18
GR3006200T3 (ru) 1993-06-21
CN1008426B (zh) 1990-06-20
US4949886A (en) 1990-08-21
CN1032423A (zh) 1989-04-19
DE3731600C2 (ru) 1990-08-23
EP0308597A2 (de) 1989-03-29
CA1337736C (en) 1995-12-19
DE3731600A1 (de) 1989-04-06
ATE80818T1 (de) 1992-10-15
DE3874848D1 (de) 1992-10-29
RU2010671C1 (ru) 1994-04-15
BR8804766A (pt) 1989-04-25
KR890004798A (ko) 1989-05-10
ZA886039B (en) 1989-04-26
RU2039630C1 (ru) 1995-07-20
JP2655334B2 (ja) 1997-09-17
EP0308597A3 (en) 1990-05-16
US5037017A (en) 1991-08-06
KR960010245B1 (ko) 1996-07-26
ES2033647T1 (es) 1993-04-01

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