EP0165232B1 - Dispositif pour l'usinage des bords d'éléments plans - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'usinage des bords d'éléments plans Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165232B1
EP0165232B1 EP85890129A EP85890129A EP0165232B1 EP 0165232 B1 EP0165232 B1 EP 0165232B1 EP 85890129 A EP85890129 A EP 85890129A EP 85890129 A EP85890129 A EP 85890129A EP 0165232 B1 EP0165232 B1 EP 0165232B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor
working tool
glass plate
carriage
support wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85890129A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0165232A3 (en
EP0165232B2 (fr
EP0165232A2 (fr
Inventor
Peter Lisec
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0165232A2 publication Critical patent/EP0165232A2/fr
Publication of EP0165232A3 publication Critical patent/EP0165232A3/de
Publication of EP0165232B1 publication Critical patent/EP0165232B1/fr
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/12Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding travelling elongated stock, e.g. strip-shaped work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/08Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
    • B24B9/10Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B9/00Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
    • B24B9/02Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
    • B24B9/06Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
    • B24B9/08Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
    • B24B9/10Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
    • B24B9/102Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass for travelling sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for processing the edge areas of glass panels, with a lateral support wall, preferably designed as an air cushion wall, for the essentially upright glass panels, and a conveyor device arranged at the lower edge of the support wall, preferably in the form of at least one endlessly rotating conveyor belt a on a connected to the frame of the device, essentially vertical guide rail up and down movable slide with a processing tool, with a arranged in the support wall opposite the processing tool, essentially vertical slot in which a rotatable about a substantially vertical axis and the slot in the support wall is at least partially penetrating support roller, and with a processing tool arranged between the lower end of the support wall and the conveyor device, based on the glass sheets g opposite driving device for the glass sheets, which can be moved synchronously with the conveyor at least at times.
  • a device for removing a metal coating from glass sheets in the edge region thereof has a lateral support wall designed as an air cushion wall, on the lower edge of which a conveying device is arranged.
  • a processing tool is provided which has burners directed towards the edge of the glass sheet.
  • the machining tool can be moved up and down on a vertical guide.
  • the guide is arranged behind the support wall and the machining tool protrudes through a vertical slot which is provided in the support wall. Since the pressure exerted by the flame of the burner on the glass sheet is only small, no support is provided for the glass sheet in the known device, which is opposite the processing tool in the region of the slot.
  • the use of this known device is limited, since only a few metal coatings can be removed from glass panels using burners.
  • a device having the features of the introductory part of independent claim 1 is known.
  • This known device has the construction shown and described in EP-A-01 76 388.
  • This known device is not used to remove a metal coating from the edge region of a glass sheet.
  • the processing tool of the known device has a nozzle from which a plastic strand can be sprayed onto the glass sheet.
  • the plastic strand serves as a spacer between the glass sheets of insulating glass.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device with which tabular elements can be processed in their edge region, for example for removing a coating mentioned above, without damaging the other parts of the coating. This is not easy, in particular when processing metallized glass sheets, since the metal layers are very easily damaged.
  • this object is achieved with a device of the type mentioned at the outset in that the processing tool has a grinding or polishing disc coupled to a rotary drive for removing a coating, in particular a metal layer, from the glass panels, and that the processing tool on the slide by 90 ° about a pivot axis perpendicular to the glass panel is pivotally supported, and that the pivot axis of the processing tool passes through the point of the grinding or polishing rails acting on a glass sheet.
  • the glass panels to be processed can be guided and moved precisely when processing the edge areas.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed largely or completely automatically, it being possible for all four edge regions of a glass sheet to be processed.
  • the glass sheets to be machined can be guided and moved precisely during the machining of the edge areas if the entraining device comprises at least one vacuum suction device which is mounted on a slide which is guided parallel to the conveying device.
  • the entraining device comprises at least one vacuum suction device which is mounted on a slide which is guided parallel to the conveying device.
  • the easiest way to synchronize the driving device with the conveyor device is to use an endless belt running parallel to the conveyor device for the movement drive of the driving device, e.g. a toothed belt is provided, which can optionally be coupled to the drive for the conveying device and / or to which the carriage of the driving device can be clamped.
  • a toothed belt is provided, which can optionally be coupled to the drive for the conveying device and / or to which the carriage of the driving device can be clamped.
  • the invention provides that freely rotatable support rollers are provided on the side of the transport device facing the supporting wall, the areas of which abutting the tabular element lie essentially in the plane of the supporting wall.
  • the device is to work largely or completely automatically, then it is advisable to know the dimensions and the position of the tabular element to be processed by the drives of the processing tool of the conveyor device and of the driving device.
  • detecting devices such as light barriers, proximity switches or the like.
  • An embodiment is preferred in which at the lower end of the support roller in the effective plane of the processing tool, in which the axis of the support roller also lies, a device detecting the presence of a tabular element, e.g. a light barrier or the like is provided or in which a device which detects the upper horizontal edge of the tabular element leaning on the supporting wall is provided on the slide of the machining tool.
  • the device comprises, in the exemplary embodiment shown, a side support wall 1 designed as an air cushion wall for the tabular elements to be processed, such as, for example, metallized glass panes 2.
  • a conveyor device 3 is arranged below the support wall 1.
  • An infeed and an outfeed conveyor can be arranged in front of (see FIG. 2) and after the device.
  • the conveyor device 3 comprises two endlessly rotating conveyor belts 4 and 5, which run around drive or deflection rollers 6 and soften the glass panes 2 to be processed.
  • a driving device 8 is provided between the lower end of the support wall 1 and the conveyor belts 4 and 5.
  • This driving device 8 comprises a carriage 9 which is guided on guide rails 10 parallel to the longitudinal extension of the conveyor belts 4 and 5.
  • the carriage 9 carries at least one suction head 11 which faces the surface of a glass pane 2 resting on the supporting wall 1.
  • a toothed belt 12 is assigned to it, which can be driven at the same linear speed as the conveyor belts 4 and 5. This can be done, for example, in that the toothed belt 12 runs around drive wheels 12 'which are arranged coaxially with the drive wheels 6 of the conveyor belts 4 and 5. If the driving device 8 is now to be moved synchronously with the conveyor belts 4 and 5, then this is driven by the toothed belt 12.
  • this design of the drive for the driving device 8 ensures that it can also stand still when the conveyor belts 4 and 5 are in operation and, when used, in any case synchronously, i.e. is moved at the same linear speed as the conveyor belts 4 and 5.
  • a slot 14 is provided in the support wall 1, through which a support roller 15 engages with an essentially vertical axis 16 parallel to the plane of the support wall 1. May be provided by these support rolls 15, instead of them, a plurality of support rollers un which, if desired, with one of the conveying speed of the conveyor belts 4 and 5 s t - speaking peripheral speed may be driven, is supported a glass pane 2 in the region of the slot 14 of the support wall .
  • a processing tool 17 is provided opposite the slot 14 in the support wall 1 or the support roller 15 arranged therein.
  • the machining tool 17 can be moved up and down via a slide 18 on a guide rail 19 which extends parallel to the supporting wall 1.
  • the guide rail 19 is rigidly connected to a frame 20 of the device, to which the support wall 1 and the conveyor 3 and the driving device 8 are also attached.
  • the carriage 18 is connected to a chain 22 which runs over deflection rollers 21 and is driven by a motor (not shown in more detail).
  • the disk 24 which can be driven, for example, by a motor 23 and serves as a processing tool, is connected to a Swivel shaft 25, which in turn is received in bearing plates 26 attached to the slide.
  • a Swivel shaft 25 On the pivot shaft 25 engages via a lever 27 connected to it, a pressure medium cylinder 28, so that the disc 24 from the position shown in FIG. 1 with a substantially horizontal axis of rotation, which is intended for machining the vertical edge regions of the glass pane 1, by one An angle of 90 ° is pivoted into a position in which the axis of rotation of the pane 24 is oriented essentially vertically and which is used to machine the upper and lower horizontal edge regions of the glass pane 2.
  • a light barrier 29 which can be designed, for example, as a reflection light barrier.
  • This light barrier 29 detects the substantially vertically aligned edges of the glass pane 2.
  • a further light barrier 30 is provided on the slide 28, with which the upper horizontal edge of the glass pane 2 can be detected.
  • the path of movement of the carriage 18 downwards is limited so that in the lower end position the processing tool 17 or, in the exemplary embodiment shown, the processing disk 24 in the for the processing of the lower horizontal edge of the glass sheet 2, the height orientation of which is determined by the conveyor belts 4 and 5 is at the correct altitude.
  • the carriage 18 with the machining tool 17 is in its lower end position and the entraining device 8 is arranged in an area adjacent to the slot 14 in the support wall 1, but lying in front of the slot in the direction of movement.
  • a glass pane 2 to be processed is conveyed into the device via the feed conveyor until its front vertical edge is detected by the light barrier 29, whereupon the conveyor belts 4 and 5 are stopped.
  • the glass pane then assumes a position in which its front vertical edge lies exactly opposite one another in the processing tool, which is pivoted into its position with the horizontal axis of rotation of the pane 24, and is supported by the roller 15 from behind.
  • the suction head 11 of the entraining device 8 is activated and the entraining device 8 is coupled to the drive for the conveyor belts 4 and 5 in the manner described above.
  • the slide 18 and thus the processing tool 17 are now moved upward, for example by a sequence control, until the pane 24 is located in the front upper corner of the glass pane 2.
  • the stop of the carriage 18 at this altitude is effected by the light barrier 30.
  • the processing tool 17 pivots by actuating the pressure medium cylinder 28 by 90 °, so that the axis of the disk 24 is now essentially aligned vertically.
  • the drive for the conveyor belts 4 and 5 and thus also the driving device 8 is set in motion and the pane in FIG. 2 is moved further to the right, during which movement the upper horizontal edge region of the glass pane 2 is processed.
  • the glass pane 2 is stopped by stylizing the drives for the conveyor belts 4 and 5 and the driving device 8, and the pane 24 is pivoted back into its starting position by actuating the pressure medium cylinder 28 and the carriage 18 moves downward, the rear edge region of the glass pane 2 being processed at the same time.
  • the disk 24 is pivoted again and then the drives for the conveyor belts 4 and 5 and the driving device 8 are set in motion such that the disk is moved to the left in FIG. 2 during which movement the lower horizontal edge area of the glass pane 2 is processed.
  • the vacuum suction device 11 is released from the disk 2 and the coupling 31 of the drive for the driving device 8 is released from the drive for the conveyor belts 4 and 5.
  • the conveyor belts 4 and 5 can then be set in motion for the removal of the glass pane 2.
  • the support wall 1 can also be designed as a known support roller wall instead of an air cushion wall.
  • the freely rotatable rollers 7 provided in the area of the support roller 15 are wider than the other freely rotatable rollers 7.
  • these rollers 7 are arranged opposite guide rollers 38 which are arranged on the to be machined surface of the glass sheet 2 can be created.
  • these guide rollers 38 are mounted on a frame 39 which is mounted in the frame 20 of the device so as to be pivotable about an axis 40 by a pressure medium cylinder 41.
  • two guide rollers 38 will be provided on the frame, which are arranged on both sides of the machining tool 17 when it is in its lower starting position.
  • the frame 39 has two arms which are arranged on both sides of the path of movement of the machining tool 17 and which, with their upper ends, carry the conveyor belts 4 and 5 across the guide rollers 38.
  • the driving device 8 provided according to the invention can also be connected to the plate-shaped element 2 before it has reached the end position detected by the light barrier 29 for processing the front, vertical edge region in the direction of movement.
  • a further light barrier 42 can be provided in the area of the support wall 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Dispositif pour l'usinage des zones marginales de plaques de verre (2), comprenant une paroi support latérale (1), de préférence réalisée sous la forme d'une paroi sur coussin d'air, pour les plaques de verre (2) disposées à peu près verticalement, un dispositif de transport (3) placé sur le bord inférieur de la paroi support (1) et de préférence réalisé sous la forme d'au moins une bande transporteuse rotative sans fin, un outil d'usinage (17) déplaçable verticalement au moyen d'un chariot (18) sur un rail de guidage (19) sensiblement vertical raccordé au bâti (20) du dispositif, une fente (14) sensiblement verticale pratiquée dans la paroi support (1) en face de l'outil d'usinage et dans laquelle est installé un rouleau d'appui (15) tournant autour d'un axe sensiblement vertical (16) et traversant au moins en partie la fente (14) de la paroi support (1) et, pour les plaques de verre (2), un dispositif d'entraînement (8) placé entre l'extrémité inférieure de la paroi support (1) et le dispositif de transport (3), situé du côté opposé à l'outil d'usinage (17), rapporté aux plaques de verre (2), et déplaçable au moins par instants en synchronisme avec le dispositif de transport (3), caractérisé par le fait que l'outil d'usinage (17) comporte un disque de meulage ou de polissage (24) accouplé à un système d'actionnement rotatif pour l'enlèvement d'une couche, en particulier d'une couche métallique, des plaques de verre (2), que l'outil d'usinage (17) sur le chariot (18) est monté pivotable de 90' autour d'un axe (33) perpendiculaire à la plaque de verre (2), et que l'axe de pivotement (33) de l'outil d'usinage (17) passe par le point (34) au niveau duquel le disque de meulage ou de polissage (24) agit sur une plaque de verre (2).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif d'entraînement (8) comporte au moins une ventouse (11) qui est montée sur un chariot (9) guidé parallèlement au dispositif de transport (3).
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que pour l'actionnement du dispositif d'entraînement (8), il est prévue une bande sans fin (12), par exemple une courroie dentée, qui est disposée parallèlement au dispositif de transport (3) et qui peut être accouplée au système d'actionnement du dispositif de transport (3) et/ou sur laquelle on peut fixer (13) le chaîiot (9) du dispositif d'entraînement (8).
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la bande sans fin (12) pour le dispositif d'entraînement (8) et la bande transporteuse (4, 5) pour le dispositif de transport (3) passent autour de roues d'entraînement (6,12') ou de poulies de renvoi coaxiales, la roue d'entraînement (12') pour la bande (12) pouvant être reliée par un accouplement amovible (32) à l'arbre de commande (31) de la roue d'entraînement (6) du dispositif de transport (3).
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que sur le côté du dispositif de transport (3), qui est situé du côté de la paroi support (1), sont prévus des galets de soutien (7) librement mobile en rotation dont les zones venant s'appliquer sur la plaque de verre (2) se situent sensiblement dans le plan de la paroi support (1).
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les galets de soutien (7) sont prévus dans la zone des deux côtés du rouleau d'appui vertical (15).
7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'à l'extrémité inférieure du rouleau d'appui (15) dans le plan d'action de l'outil d'usinage (17), dans lequel se situe également l'axe (16) du rouleau d'appui (15), est prévu au moins un dispositif, par exemple un barrage photo-électrique (29) ou analogue, détectant la présence d'une plaque de verre (2).
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que sur le chariot (18) de l'outil d'usinage (17) est prévu un dispositif (30) détectant le bord horizontal supérieur de la plaque de verre (2) s'appuyant sur la paroi support (1).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu des galets de guidage (38) librement mobiles en rotation et venant s'appliquer sur le bord inférieur de la surface à usiner de la plaque de verre (2).
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins un galet de guidage (38) est respectivement prévu de chaque côté du rouleau d'appui (15).
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 à 10, caractérisé parle fait que les galets de guidage (38) sont disposés sur un cadre (39) mobile transversalement au plan de transport des plaques de verre (2).
12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que le cadre (39) peut pivoter autour d'un axe (40) situé en dessous du dispositif de transport (3) et parallèle au sens du transport.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que dans la zone de la hauteur du dispositif de transport (3) est prévu un autre outil d'usinage pour l'usinage du bord horizontal inférieur de la plaque de verre (2).
EP85890129A 1984-06-14 1985-06-13 Dispositif pour l'usinage des bords d'éléments plans Expired - Lifetime EP0165232B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1945/84 1984-06-14
AT0194584A AT405724B (de) 1984-06-14 1984-06-14 Vorrichtung zum abtragenden bearbeiten der randbereiche einer glastafel

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0165232A2 EP0165232A2 (fr) 1985-12-18
EP0165232A3 EP0165232A3 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0165232B1 true EP0165232B1 (fr) 1990-09-05
EP0165232B2 EP0165232B2 (fr) 1996-12-27

Family

ID=3524429

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85890129A Expired - Lifetime EP0165232B2 (fr) 1984-06-14 1985-06-13 Dispositif pour l'usinage des bords d'éléments plans

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4716686A (fr)
EP (1) EP0165232B2 (fr)
AT (1) AT405724B (fr)
DE (2) DE8426496U1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2862672A1 (fr) 2013-10-17 2015-04-22 Forel Spa Machine automatique et procédé automatique pour le retrait localisé de revêtements déposés sur des plaques de verre

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IT1273917B (it) 1994-10-28 1997-07-11 For El Base Di Vianello Fortun Procedimento e dispositivo per la rimozione dei rivestimenti depositatii sulla superficie di un vetro.
AT402395B (de) * 1995-10-13 1997-04-25 Lisec Peter Vorrichtung zum umsetzen von isolierglasscheiben
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DE19632240C2 (de) * 1996-05-09 2001-10-04 Hegla Fahrzeug Und Maschb Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entschichten von Flachglasrohplatten
IT1288656B1 (it) * 1996-09-13 1998-09-23 For El Base Di Vianello Fortun Procedimento per il taglio di lastre di vetro e di lastre di vetro stratificato non blindato
IT1287347B1 (it) * 1996-10-16 1998-08-04 Castelmec Sas Di Rosso Valerio Dispositivo per la sbordatura di lastre di vetro
IT1288675B1 (it) * 1996-10-17 1998-09-23 For El Base Di Vianello Fortun Procedimento e macchina automatici per il taglio delle lastre di vetro stratificato e blindato
AT408856B (de) * 1997-12-02 2002-03-25 Lisec Peter Vorrichtung zum automatischen säumen von plattenförmigen gegenständen
JP3915374B2 (ja) 2000-06-27 2007-05-16 坂東機工株式会社 ガラス板の皮膜層除去方法及びその装置並びにその装置を具備したガラス板の加工装置
US20030024180A1 (en) 2001-02-08 2003-02-06 Cardinal Glass Industries, Inc. Edge treatments for coated substrates
DE10158646A1 (de) * 2001-11-22 2003-06-12 Lenhardt Maschinenbau Vorrichtung zum Besäumen von Glastafeln
JP4254098B2 (ja) * 2001-12-06 2009-04-15 坂東機工株式会社 ガラス板の加工装置
EP1567433B1 (fr) * 2002-12-05 2007-08-01 Peter Lisec Dispositif servant a maintenir des plaques de matiere, telles que des feuilles de verre, pendant leur travail
US7125319B2 (en) * 2003-10-27 2006-10-24 Corning Incorporated Apparatus and method for grinding and/or polishing an edge of a glass sheet
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EP2123581A4 (fr) * 2007-03-07 2013-12-25 Ulvac Inc Procédé et dispositif sous vide de transport de substrats
US8967219B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2015-03-03 Guardian Ig, Llc Window spacer applicator
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AT405724B (de) 1999-11-25
ATA194584A (de) 1989-04-15
DE3579505D1 (de) 1990-10-11
EP0165232A3 (en) 1987-09-30
DE8426496U1 (de) 1984-11-29
EP0165232B2 (fr) 1996-12-27
EP0165232A2 (fr) 1985-12-18
US4716686A (en) 1988-01-05

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