EP0149639B1

EP0149639B1 - Turret system for lightweight military vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP0149639B1
Application number: EP84902646A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Steven L. Sanborn; Martin J. Neumeyer
Original assignee: AM General LLC
Current assignee: AM General LLC
Priority date: 1983-06-22
Filing date: 1984-06-21
Publication date: 1988-10-05
Also published as: CA1229252A; ES533676A0; EP0149639A1; ES543670A0; IT8421578A0; IT1176300B; NO850716L; BR8406924A; DE3474475D1; ES8700751A1; WO1985000217A1; EP0149639A4; JPS60501621A; ES8603070A1

Abstract

A lightweight military vehicle (12) is provided with an unmanned turret (10) for interchangeably supporting large weapon (14) stations. Elastomer (48) filled stanchions (32-38) connected to a turret platform (30) serve to isolate weapon (14) impulse forces from the vehicle (12) frame. Driver, commander and gunner seats (16, 18, 20) are located externally to the turret (10) and provided with side doors (22-28) to enable quick exiting. Both powered (70) and manual (98) backup drives are external to the rotating turret disk (76) and are accessible from the gunner's seat. The elevation drive employs a ball and socket joint (68) connecting an upper yoke (64) mounted to the weapon (14) with a fixed lower portion (66) controlling vertical movement of the yoke (64) and thereby the elevation of the gun (14).

Description

This invention relates to ordinances and, more particularly, to weapon mounting devices for a military vehicle.
It is highly desirable to be able to employ a basic vehicle design that can be adapted to be used in various configurations for different military purposes. Examples of such desirable configurations include vehicles for transporting cargo or personnel, ambulances, command vehicles and as a weapons carrier. In order to provide this versatility where speed is important in most configurations and to facilitate transport by airlifts and the like, the basic vehicle must normally be relatively light.
When used as a weapons carrier these lightweight vehicles have generally been restricted in the size of the weapon that it can support. It has been conventional to mount manually operated machine guns on a ring connected to the roof of the vehicle. The gunner is required to stand up in the vehicle with his upper torso exposed while aiming and firing the weapon. These types of weapon mounts have several drawbacks. One is that they expose the gunner to enemy fire, toxic gases, radiation and the like. The other is that only relatively small caliber weapons could be used with reasonable success. This is because the impulse forces generated by many larger caliber weapons (e.g. larger than 12.7 mm (0.5 inch) caliber) create such impulses that damage to commonly used lightweight vehicles could occur.
It has been normal practice to use heavier vehicles such as tanks, half-tracks or the like to support medium to large caliber weapons. Typically, the tanks include a turret having a protected personnel compartment which carries the gunner and is rotated with the turret. This approach keeps the gunner shielded but adds substantial weight and increased silhouette to the vehicle. Consequently, these heavier vehicles sacrifice mobility and transportability in order to protect the gunner and support the weapon. Additionally, many of the known tank configurations are characterized by crammed quarters which are uncomfortable and hard to quickly exit in emergency situations. Many tanks include hatches in the hull roof structure thereby requiring that the turret be indexed to a position that will allow the hull hatch to open to allow exiting by the crew.
Power drives are normally used for controlling the elevation and azimuth of the weapon. The power drives are often located in the turretthereby requiring slip rings or the like to transfer power from a fixed external electrical or hydraulic source to the drive motors. These slip rings are subject to corrosion and general deterioration thereby posing a threat of drive failure. It would be advantageous to provide manual backup systems that can manouvere the weapon in the event of power failure. The inclusion of manual backup drives has been difficult to obtain in an efficient manner with some of the turret constructions used in the past.
US-A-2,206,065 already discloses a device of the kind described in the preamble of new claim 1 and which solves some of the problems mentioned above. The vertical stanchions produce the connection between the generally stable vehicle frame and the weapon mounted in the upper regions of the vehicle. The stanchions also allow, in a simple manner, for an adjustable arrangement of the weapon horizontally and in elevation as well as fortheaccomodation of the necessary adjusting drive means since the space underneath the weapon remains basically free. In this device, the weapon support is fixed more or less rigidly to the frame so that the vehicle, in this case an airplane, experiences the full jolt impulse. Therefore, with this device on lightweight vehicles only a mounting of lightweight weapons is possible; the jolt from large weapons would damage the vehicles as pointed out in the application.
It is the objective of the present invention, while adhering to the basic structure known by US-A-2,206,065, to create a device which allows for the absorption of the jolt of the weapon so that large weapons can also be mounted onto lightweight vehicles.
This objective is solved by the features contained in the characterizing part of new claim 1.
It is already known by FR-A-849186 to arrange a weapon to be movable in the direction of the weapon recoil and to absorb the recoil by means of springs and backstops. This known device requires a great amount of effort for design and construction and is therefore very expensive, because of the provided rocking hinges, sliding guides, silent blocks, springs and buffers. In addition to this, the weapon of the known arrangement is only movable in one definite direction so that recoil impulses in a direction deviating from the one of the foreseen directions cannot be absorbed and therewith an azimuth adjustment of the weapon is impossible. Devices for elevation adjustment as well as the adjusting drive means necessary therefor are not provided and, because of the special construction, can hardly be accomo- dated for without additional constructional effort.
The arrangement according to the invention is constructionally extremely simple without losing the advantages given in US-A-2,206,065. In a simple manner, the invention makes a horizontally and vertically adjustable arrangement of the weapon possible and allows for the accomodation of the adjusting drive means necessary therefor; the recoil impulses can be equally absorbed in all azimuth directions.
The present invention incorporates several features that cooperate to provide an optimum lightweight vehicle construction capable of supporting relatively large weapon systems.
The preferred embodiment employs a weapon supporting structure of turrent construction having a disk rotatably mounted on a platform. The platform is connected to the vehicle frame by way of the stanchions. Preferably, the stanchions are potted or filled with an elastomeric material to help isolate the vehicle from impulse forces generated by the weapon. The crew sits in chassis/ hull mounted seats, one of the seats being reserved for a gunner. The crew is thus provided with comfortable quarters and is preferably provided with exterior side doors adjacent each seat for quick exit, if required. Both powered and manual backup drives are provided for moving the weapon in elevation and azimuth. The elevation drive includes a stationarily mounted lower portion having a manually actuable member accessible by the gunner from his seat. The upper portion of the elevation drive is rotatably coupled to the lower portion so that the upper portion may rotate with the turret during azimuth positioning and yet still provide elevation control.
Among the advantages of the turret construction of this invention is that the crew members are located comfortably within the protected interior of the vehicle. Since the gunner does not ride in the turret, the turret construction is simplified, of minimal silhouette and comparatively lightweight. As will appear, the construction of the present invention enables various weapons and/ or weapon stations to be interchangeably used in an easy manner. All of these advantages and more are provided while employing a basic light- weightvehicle design that can be used in a variety of other configurations as desired.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the following specification and by reference to the drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side view of a military vehicle incorporating the teachings of the preferred embodiment of this invention;
Figure 2 is a top view thereof;
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 of the vehicle showing the gun in various orientations;
Figure 4 is a rear view thereof;
Figure 5 is a perspective view with parts cut away of the turret construction preferably employed;
Figure 6 is a perspective view diagrammatically illustrating flexure of the turret stanchions during firing of the weapon;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view along the lines 7-7 of Figure 6; and
Figure 8 is a cross sectional view illustrating in detail the turret bearing and sealing arrangements.

Referring now to the drawings, the present invention employs a turret system 10 that may be used in connection with a lightweight vehicle 12. Vehicle 12 is designed to meet requirements for a high mobility, multi-purpose wheeled vehicle. For purposes of this invention a lightweight vehicle means a wheeled vehicle having a gross vehicle weight of less than 4,5 t (10,000 pounds) including payload. These drawings illustrate the "Hummer" vehicle manufactured by the assignee of the present invention, although other lightweight vehicles can be employed. Such lightweight vehicles are capable of being used in various configurations. One configuration is as a weapon carrier. The present invention is drawn to this configuration. More particularly, it is directed to a turret construction capable of supporting large weapons such as gun 14 which is a 25 millimeter M242 chain gun. Large weapons will be defined for purposes of this invention as weapons characterized by impulse forces (recoil forcexduration) of at least about 222 N.s (50 pounds-seconds) during firing. Generally, weapons of this type are of the variety greater than .50 caliber. By way of illustration the M242 chain gun 14 exhibits an impulse force of about 267 N.s (60 pounds-seconds).
The exterior of vehicle 12 is provided with armor for protecting the crew seated in the interior of the vehicle. As can be seen most clearly in Figure 2, a plurality of forward mounted, forward looking seats 16, 18 and 20 are provided in the interior of the vehicle 12. Seat 16 is for the driver, seat 18 for the commander and seat 20 for the gunner. Each member of the crew is provided with his own access door immediately adjacent to his respective seat. In this example there are four doors 22-28.
The crew's seating arrangement of this invention provides comfort and safety for the personnel. The crew members are seated in normal passenger car fashion with 360 degree visibility through windows surrounding the crew seating area. The gunner's seat is located outside of the turret 10 in a comfortable vehicle seat from which he can perform the gunner functions while seated and protected.
Turn now to the construction of turret 10 which is best illustrated in Figure 5. A platform 30 having a generally rectangular periphery extends horizontally above the crew near the top of the vehicle 12. A plurality of vertically extending stanchions 32-38 are employed to support the platform 30. Upper ends of stanchions 32, 38 are connected to lower portions of platform 30 and their lower ends are bolted to side rails 40 and 42 which are part of the vehicle frame. As can be seen most clearly in Figures 6 and 7, each stanchion includes a rectangular extruded aluminum casing 44 and an inner hollow aluminum tube 46. The space between outer casing 44 and tube 46 is filled with an energy absorbing elastomeric material 48. In the preferred embodiment, elastomeric material 48 is a polysulfide available from 3m Corporation as EC 801, which may be suitably mixed and poured within the space between casing 44 and tube 46 and allowed to cure. Suitable other energy absorbing materials such as sand may be used.
Gun 14 is located centrally to the stanchions 32-38 so that the horizontal component of the gun impulse force is distributed amongst the stanchions. As shown in Figure 6, the stanchions are designed to flex or deflect in response to the forces during firing of the gun and thereby isolate the vehicle frame from damage to a great extent. The elastomeric material 48 in each stanchion serves to absorb energy created by the weapon and prevents much of it from being transferred directly to the vehicle frame.
The platform 30 is free to move in the horizontal direction independently of the roof 50. As best shown in Figure 8, there is a gap between roof 50 and platform 30. Weather seal 52 includes a resilient lip portion 53 riding on roof 50 that provides a friction joint with the roof or vehicle superstructure. The lower portion of weather seal 52 is fixed to platform 30 by way of suitable fasteners such as fastener 55.
Gun 14 is mounted in a cradle 60 which is pivotable about a pair of trunnions 62. Ammunition is fed to the gun 14 by way of dual ammunition feeds 63 and 65. The cradle 60 includes a rearwardly reasonably extending portion connected to vertically extending struts of a yoke 64 through bearings 67 and 69. The lower portion of yoke 64 is pivotally connected to a shaft 66 by way of a ball and socket joint 68. Elevation of gun 14 is controlled by the vertical movement of shaft 66 likewise causing motion in the vertical direction of yoke 64 thereby pivoting the gun about its trunnions 62. Power drive is provided via motor 70 controlling rotation of a pinion 72 in engagement with rack 74.
Azimuth control of the gun 14 is provided by way of a rotating disk 76 to which cradle 60 is connected by way of trunnion mounts 71 and 73. As shown most clearly in Figure 8, disk 76 is located within an opening in roof 50 and is bolted to a ring gear 78 which is incorporated in the outer race of the turret bearing whose inner race 75 is bolted to platform 30. Ring gear 78 includes radially extending teeth on its outer periphery. The teeth of gear 78 are meshed with a pinion 80 (Figure 5) whose rotation is controlled by drive motor 82. In addition to its energy absorbing function, weather seal 52 bridges the gearing arrangement protecting it from adverse environmental conditions and also serving as a balistic shield.
Added stability for the elevation drive is provided by way of a basket 77. Basket 77 includes a plurality of struts whose upper ends are connected to the lower portions of platform 30 and whose lower ends are connected to a bearing guide 79 surrounding shaft 66.
As noted before, the gunner sits externally of the turret 10 in a comfortable and protected position within the vehicle. The gunner is provided with a suitable joy stick-type controller 88 for activating elevation motor 70 and azimuth motor 82 to aim the gun. A video camera 90 coaxially mounted to gun 14 is advantageously employed as a sighting device. An auxiliary laser beam sight 91 may also be employed. Camera 90 is connected to display 92 for viewing by the gunner. Other crew members such as the commander may also be provided with their own display and controller 94 and 96, respectively, so that they can also operate the weapon system, if desired.
The turret system of the present invention also preferably includes manual backup drives to control the gun in the event of power failure. To this end, a wheel 98 is connected by way of a clutching arrangement to drive pinion 72 in the event of power loss. Additionally, a wheel 100 suitably connected to pinion 80 via a belt or chain is employed for effecting azimuth movement of the gun.
Among the advantages of the present invention is that various weapon stations can be interchangeably used with this construction. Each weapon station would include a particular type of weapon mounted on its own disk in a manner like that described above. Each weapon station can be easily removed from the vehicle by unbolting the disk 76, disconnecting yoke 64, and disconnecting the cables coupling camera 90 to the video displays and controllers 92, 96 to the weapon firing mechanisms (not shown). The weapon station can then be lifted from the vehicle and a new weapon station with a similar mounting scheme reattached. The video displays, gunner controls, manual and power drives all remain fixed and are common to all weapon variants. This system is ideally suited, but not limited to weapons such as a 30 mm chain gun, Tow family of missiles, 40 mm grenade launcher, 12.7 mm caliber machine guns, 7.62 mm machine guns and other velocity guns including the illustrated 25 mm chain gun.
The unmanned turret system of this invention extends the capability of lightweight conventional vehicles to support high impulse weapons. This allows the light vehicle to employ high impulse cannons designed to deliver ammunition at extended ranges.

Claims

1. Device for mounting in a lightweight vehicle (12) a large weapon, the device comprising a plurality of vertically extending stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) rigidly connected at their upper ends by a weapon-supporting structure to one another and at their lower ends to the vehicle frame (40, 42), the connecting means carrying the weapon, characterized in that the vertical stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) are dimensioned and adapted to elastically flex in any horizontal direction sufficiently to absorb the impulse forces generated during firing of the weapon (14).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) are filled with an energy absorbing material (48) adapted to absorb impulse forces generated during firing of the weapon (14).

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that each of said stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) comprises a metallic outer casing (44) and an interior hollow tube (46), and energy absorbing elastomeric material filling the space between the tube (46) and inner walls of the casing (44).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said vehicle frame includes a pair of side rails (40, 42) running parallel to the length of the vehicle (12), and wherein said weapon (14) is about centrally located with respect to the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) so that the impulse force created thereby is distributed to the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the supporting structure comprises a platform (30) fixed to each of the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) and being movable relative to the vehicle (12) at least in the range of the flexing motion of the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38), the weapon (14) being mounted on the platform.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, for a weapon which is adjustable in elevation and azimuth, wherein the supporting structure comprises a first race (75) connected to the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38), a second race (78) mounted for rotation about a vertical axis on said first race (75), rotating drive means to rotate the second race (78), mounting means (71, 73) connected to the second race (78) for receiving the weapon (14) and being adapted to allow the weapon (14) to pivot in elevation about a horizontal pivot axis, and elevation drive means to control elevation of the weapon (14), characterized in that the first race (75) is fixed to a platform (30) which in turn is fixed to each of the stanchions (32, 34, 36, 38) and in that the elevation drive means vertically extend through an opening in the platform (30) and upwardly from central interior portions of the vehicle (12), said drive means having a lower fixed actuator portion rotatably coupled to an upper portion (66), said upper portion (66) being connected to the weapon offset from the pivot axis whereby vertical motion thereof controls elevation of the weapon, with said upper portion (66) being capable of rotating with the weapon (14) during azimuth positioning thereof.

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that said elevation drive means includes: an upper yoke member (64) connected by way of ball and socket joint (68) to a shaft (66), upper ends of the yoke being connected to the weapon (14) and lower portions of the shaft being engaged with a gearing arrangement (12, 14) for controlling verti- cle movement thereof.

8. The vehicle of claim 7 wherein said gearing arrangement includes a rack (14) connected to the shaft (66), and a pinion (12) driven by a motor (10) activated by the power drive control means or alternatively by the manual control means (98).

9. Device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the mounting means (71, 73) for the weapon (14) are fixed to a disk (76) which in turn is mounted to the second race (78).

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the disk (76) is removably mounted to the second race (78).

11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the rotating drive means comprise teeth arranged at the second race (78) and a pinion (80) rotatably mounted on the platform (30) and engaging said teeth for rotating said second race (78) and moving the weapon (14) in azimuth.

12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the pinion (80) is coupled to manual drive elements (100) and/or drive motor (82) which are mounted to the platform (30).

13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the disk (76) is located in an opening in the roof (50) of the vehicle (12), the roof (50) being spaced from said platform (30), and in that weather seal means (53) are arranged between upper portions of said disk (76) and said roof (50) bridging said teeth.

14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that said weather seal means includes a resilient portion contacting the roof (50) whereby friction energy created by relative motion between the platform (30) and roof (50) serves to absorb a portion of the weapon energy during firing and isolates the vehicle roof (50) from weapon impulse forces.