EP0099066B2 - Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite en chrome et cuivre - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite en chrome et cuivre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0099066B2
EP0099066B2 EP83106620A EP83106620A EP0099066B2 EP 0099066 B2 EP0099066 B2 EP 0099066B2 EP 83106620 A EP83106620 A EP 83106620A EP 83106620 A EP83106620 A EP 83106620A EP 0099066 B2 EP0099066 B2 EP 0099066B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
copper
temperature
process according
chromium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83106620A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0099066B1 (fr
EP0099066A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dr. Kippenberg
Heinrich Dr. Hässler
Manfred Hühnlein
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority claimed from DE19823226604 external-priority patent/DE3226604A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19833322866 external-priority patent/DE3322866A1/de
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0099066A1 publication Critical patent/EP0099066A1/fr
Publication of EP0099066B1 publication Critical patent/EP0099066B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/26—Impregnating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a composite material from chrome and copper as a contact material for medium-voltage vacuum circuit breakers.
  • the composite material CrCu with about 40 to 60% Cr has already proven itself as a contact material for vacuum circuit breakers.
  • the component Cu ensures sufficient electrical and thermal conductivity, while the framework material Cr both reduces burn-off and, with its low melting point of about 2 173 K compared to tungsten, eliminates the risk of harmful thermal electron emission.
  • the Cr greatly reduces the tendency of the contact pieces to weld and has good gettering properties.
  • a method for producing multilayer contact pieces for vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers is also known, in which a pressed or sintered body made of, in particular, chromium is impregnated in a non-porous manner under vacuum, for which purpose the pressed or sintered body in a crucible is completely impregnated from iron or stainless steel with oxygen-free copper and then the impregnating crucible is at least partially removed. If a compact is made for this, impregnation at a temperature of 1150 ° C is possible.
  • porous blanks produced by pressing or pouring metal powder which either consist of pure Cr powder or in which one or more other powder additives are mixed with the Cr powder to achieve a liquid phase during sintering.
  • the subsequent sintering in a high vacuum or pure protective gas at temperatures from 1 573 K to 1 773 K leads to the desired formation of sinter bridges between the powder grains, so that the structural strength increases, which enables problem-free handling of the porous sintered blanks after the sintering process.
  • the blanks are then placed in impregnation molds or placed on impregnation pads, receive an amount of impregnation metal, in this case copper, corresponding to the pore volume, and are again heated in a high vacuum or pure protective gas above the melting temperature of the impregnation metal.
  • impregnation metal in this case copper
  • infiltration of the porous framework occurs due to capillary forces.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a new method with which it is possible to produce a high-quality contact material made of chrome and copper, which meets the requirements of vacuum medium-voltage circuit breakers up to 36 kV operating voltage and breaking currents above 30 kA, and in which the aforementioned sources of error as well as the use of Cu powder with a high oxygen content are avoided.
  • the object is achieved in that a method of the type mentioned is carried out in the sequence of method steps a) to g) with the parameters for pressure, temperature and holding time specified therein.
  • Cr powder is poured into a degassed mold, a piece of low-oxygen copper is placed on the Cr powder, then the mold is closed with a porous lid, then the mold is degassed in a high vacuum oven at room temperature until a pressure of less than 10- 2 Pa is reached, then increased the oven temperature to the highest possible temperature below the melting temperature of copper, this temperature is approximately maintained for one hour constant, which reached a constant internal furnace pressure of less than 10- 2 Pa, and then, without intermediate cooling, the furnace temperature is further increases to a final value of 100 K to 200 K above the melting temperature of the copper and maintain this temperature for about 20 to 30 minutes, after which the porosity contained in the Cr powder fill is completely filled with the liquid copper.
  • the furnace temperature just below the melting point of copper in a technical implementation can be 1273 K +28 K, an internal furnace pressure in the range of 10 -3 Pa preferably being achieved.
  • Chromium-produced or electrolytically produced chromium can be used for the process according to the invention.
  • the Cr powder should have a particle size distribution of 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, but preferably with proportions of at least 150 gm; in the second case the particle size can be below this, in the range from 25 ⁇ m.
  • the Cr powder produced therefrom is filled into a previously degassed graphite mold with a particle size of at least 150 ⁇ m.
  • the crucible has e.g. B. a diameter of 85 mm and a length of 250 mm and is filled to a height of about 180 mm with Cr powder.
  • Oxygen-poor copper is placed on the Cr powder as a solid piece that fills the remaining crucible contents.
  • the crucible is closed with a porous graphite lid and initially while degassed in a high vacuum oven at room temperature until a pressure in the range of 10- 3 Pa, is thus achieved less than 10- 2 Pa.
  • the Cr powder produced can have a particle size distribution which is smaller than in the case of chromium produced by thermothermal means, for example with particle sizes from 25 ⁇ m.
  • the individual process substeps are carried out in accordance with the first example.
  • the blank produced according to the above examples is cooled under vacuum.
  • the Cr-Cu composite block can be broken down into contact pieces of the required geometry. If metallographic cuts of the material are produced, it can be seen that the composite material produced with the method according to the invention has practically no strength-increasing sintered bridges and practically no pores. With the new process, contact pieces can be reproducibly produced on Cr-Cu basis, which have suitable properties for medium-voltage vacuum circuit breakers.
  • further elements can be used as additives in a manner known per se: for example, titanium and zircon as alloy components for copper can be used to improve the getter properties; on the other hand, iron, cobalt or nickel can be added to the Cr powder to thereby improve the wetting properties.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite en chrome et en cuivre servant de matériau de contact pour des disjoncteurs de puissance sous vide à moyenne tension, qui consiste à effectuer les stades suivants :
a) à verser la poudre de Cr dans un moule de production dégazé,
b) à mettre sur la poudre de Cr un morceau de cuivre pauvre en oxygène,
c) à fermer ensuite le moule de production d'un couvercle poreux,
d) à dégazer ensuite le moule de production à température ambiante dans un four sous vide poussé jusqu'à obtenir une pression inférieure à 10-2 Pa,
e) à porter ensuite la température du four à une température la plus élevée possible, inférieure au point de fusion du cuivre F Cu = 1083°C = 1356 K),
f) à maintenir constante cette température du four pendant une heure environ en obtenant une pression à l'intérieur du four, constante, inférieure à 10-2 Pa,
g) à élever ensuite davantage, sans refroidissement intermédiaire, la température du four jusqu'à une valeur finale supérieure de 100 K à 200 K au point de fusion du cuivre, et à maintenir cette température pendant 20 à 30 minutes environ en emplissant entièrenent de cuivre liquide la porosité contenue dans le tas de poudre de Cr.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la température du four au stade e) du procédé est
Figure imgb0004
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression, aux stades d) et f) du procédé est de l'ordre de 10-3 Pa.
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque l'on utilise du chrome préparé par aluminothermie, la poudre de Cr ainsi obtenue a une répartition granulométrique comprise entre 50 µm et 200 µm.
5. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser de la poudre de Cr d'une granulométrie dont des parties ont une granulométrie d'au moins de 150 µm.
6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, lorsque l'on utilise du chrome préparé par électrolyse, la poudre de Cr ainsi obtenue a une répartition granulométrique comprise entre 25 µm et 200 µm.
7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser un moule de production en graphite.
EP83106620A 1982-07-16 1983-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite en chrome et cuivre Expired - Lifetime EP0099066B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823226604 DE3226604A1 (de) 1982-07-16 1982-07-16 Verfahren zum herstellen eines verbundwerkstoffes auf cr-cu-basis fuer mittelspannungs-vakuum-leistungsschalter
DE3226604 1982-07-16
DE19833322866 DE3322866A1 (de) 1983-06-24 1983-06-24 Verfahren zum herstellen eines verbundwerkstoffes aus chrom und kupfer
DE3322866 1983-06-24

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0099066A1 EP0099066A1 (fr) 1984-01-25
EP0099066B1 EP0099066B1 (fr) 1986-05-07
EP0099066B2 true EP0099066B2 (fr) 1992-07-22

Family

ID=25803079

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106620A Expired - Lifetime EP0099066B2 (fr) 1982-07-16 1983-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite en chrome et cuivre

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4503010A (fr)
EP (1) EP0099066B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3363383D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR900001613B1 (ko) * 1986-01-10 1990-03-17 미쯔비시 덴끼 가부시기가이샤 진공차단기용 접점재료
JPH0760623B2 (ja) * 1986-01-21 1995-06-28 株式会社東芝 真空バルブ用接点合金
JP2640142B2 (ja) * 1989-06-05 1997-08-13 三菱電機株式会社 真空スイッチ管用接点材およびその製法
US5024899A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-06-18 Lang Richard D Resilient metallic friction facing material
SE9100396D0 (sv) * 1991-02-08 1991-02-08 Sandvik Ab Saett foer framstaellning av en kompoundkropp
US5701993A (en) * 1994-06-10 1997-12-30 Eaton Corporation Porosity-free electrical contact material, pressure cast method and apparatus
DE19537657A1 (de) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-17 Abb Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Kontaktstückes
JP3663038B2 (ja) * 1997-09-01 2005-06-22 芝府エンジニアリング株式会社 真空バルブ
US7832857B2 (en) * 2008-08-18 2010-11-16 Levinson Dennis J Microbial cellulose contact lens
AT11814U1 (de) * 2010-08-03 2011-05-15 Plansee Powertech Ag Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen herstellen eines cu-cr-werkstoffs
RU2751865C1 (ru) * 2020-12-22 2021-07-19 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Способ получения углеграфитового композиционного материала
RU2751861C1 (ru) * 2020-12-22 2021-07-19 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреж-дение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Способ получения углеграфитового композиционного материала

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3353933A (en) * 1966-03-11 1967-11-21 Mallory & Co Inc P R Tungsten powder bodies infiltrated with copper-titanium alloys
GB1194674A (en) * 1966-05-27 1970-06-10 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum Type Electric Circuit Interrupting Devices
DE2240493C3 (de) * 1972-08-17 1978-04-27 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Durchdringungsverbundmetall als Kontaktwerkstoff für Vakuumschalter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE2357333C3 (de) * 1973-11-16 1980-04-03 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Durchdringungsverbundmetall als Kontaktwerkstoff für Vakuumschalter
GB1459475A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-12-22 English Electric Co Ltd Manufacture of contact ekements for vacuum interrupters
DE2619459C3 (de) * 1976-05-03 1978-11-09 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Sinterverbundwerkstoff als Kontaktwerkstoff für Vakuum-Mittelspannungs-Leistungsschalter
JPS598015B2 (ja) * 1978-05-31 1984-02-22 三菱電機株式会社 真空しや断器用接点

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0099066B1 (fr) 1986-05-07
US4503010A (en) 1985-03-05
EP0099066A1 (fr) 1984-01-25
DE3363383D1 (en) 1986-06-12

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