Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
  • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
  • A62D3/38—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by oxidation; by combustion
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
  • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
  • A62D2101/02—Chemical warfare substances, e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
  • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
  • A62D2101/20—Organic substances

Definitions

• the invention relates to a detoxification liquid as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
• a known detoxification liquid is composed of 7.5 parts by weight of calcium hypochlorite or 15 parts of chlorinated lime, 15 parts of perchlorethylene, 76.5 parts of water and 1 to 3 parts of a wine emulsifier, which consists of a mixture of n-alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl polyglycol ether and solvent consists. Due to the emulsifiers, this detoxification emulsion has a thick, milk-like viscosity, which has a positive effect on the detoxification effect through delayed drainage on inclined surfaces.
• the purely chemical detoxification mechanism of this known emulsion essentially consists of oxidation and hydrolosis of the toxins by chlorine lime and water.
• detoxification is supported by the dissolving properties of perchlorethylene and its emulsification greatly enlarged surface.
• the effect of the added surfactants or emulsifiers in the known emulsion consists essentially in emulsifying the perchlorethylene, and by the associated increase in viscosity, the removal of the specifically heavier chlorine lime or calcium. to prevent hypochlorits.
• the known viscous detoxification emulsion To apply the known viscous detoxification emulsion, it is spread onto the contaminated surface or sprayed on by machine, the contaminated surface being adhesively covered by a several millimeter thick layer of the detoxification emulsion. After the necessary exposure time has elapsed, the known detoxification emulsion is brushed off with the aid of water or rinsed off with a strong water jet.
• This known emulsion has the disadvantage that the viscosity of the detoxification emulsion is increased by the emulsifiers mentioned and a rapid running is prevented, but there is no internal mixing of the applied emulsion and thus only the chemicals located directly at the boundary layer of the contaminated object are used will.
• a movement that promotes decontamination takes place from the boundary layer mentioned only by applying larger amounts of emulsion, as a result of which the known viscous emulsion slides off the surface in piles in contiguous areas. It can be seen that this process causes a large consumption of detoxifying liquid. For example, for the detoxification of a larger motor vehicle, approximately 400 liters of the known detoxification liquid are expected.
• Another disadvantage of the known emulsion is its difficulty in removing it from the poisoned surface, which is caused by the increased viscosity and by the emulsifiers mentioned which impart water-repellent properties to the known emulsion.
• the detoxifying substances are applied as components of a foamable emulsion, the emulsion adhering to inclined surfaces in the foamed state, but running off in the non-foamed state.
• the decontamination with the foamable detoxification liquid according to the invention is carried out by pumping or sucking the prepared emulsion or the still unmixed emulsion constituents, thereby mixing them, through a device in which they are intimately mixed with air to form a stable foam and by the foam being applied the poisoned surface is applied or sprayed on. It is advantageous that the viscosity of the liquid is only greatly increased by the foaming, so that the liquid is easy to handle as a relatively low-viscosity liquid before foaming.
• the foam adheres to the surface to be detoxified, increasing the contact time of the detoxifying substances with the toxins and as a covering reservoir for the detoxifying liquid prevents rapid drying or draining.
• the leakage of the emulsion liquid in the lamellae of the wet foam and the partial bursting of foam bubbles lead to an internal mixing of the liquid and to the transport of used detoxification liquid to the poisoned surface. This reduces the amount of emulsion required for detoxification, the exposure time and the time required by the staff, which is of crucial importance in a disaster situation.
• the foam emulsion formed by the washing active substance according to the invention also has the property of improved surface wetting, which also facilitates penetration into porous and cracked surfaces for the emulsion.
• the mixture of detergent active substances according to the invention also has the property in the system of perchlorethylene, calcium hypochlorite and / or chlorinated lime and water, even when adding to allow other halogenated hydrocarbons, such as 1,1,1 trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride or complete replacement of the perchlorethylene by these, individually or in a mixture, to cause strong foaming.
• halogenated hydrocarbons such as 1,1,1 trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, carbon tetrachloride or complete replacement of the perchlorethylene by these, individually or in a mixture, to cause strong foaming.
• Isopropanol and other lower, water-soluble alcohols also advantageously allow the rapid mixing of highly concentrated solutions of the detergent substances according to the invention by preventing the gelation which may occur temporarily when diluting ethoxylates with water.
• the mixture of the detergent active substances according to the invention thus offers the advantage that, in an emergency, if the solvent component perchlorethylene becomes scarce, it can be partially or completely replaced by the other solvents, halogenated hydrocarbons, lower alcohols and paraffin hydrocarbons listed. '
• flammable paraffin hydrocarbons also offer the particular advantage that they can be burned off together with the residual pollutants still contained in them after demulsification or separation from the discharged detoxification emulsion and are therefore in turn to be regarded as relatively environmentally friendly.
• the detergent active substances according to the invention also have the advantage that, owing to their insensitivity to high concentrations of calcium phosphates, calcium silicates and calcium carbonate, they are used in the detoxifying liquid. speed caused by the precipitation reaction with the addition of alkali phosphates, alkali silicates and alkali carbonates, maintain their excellent foamability. Since the precipitated, insoluble calcium phosphates, calcium silicates and calcium carbonate are amorphous to very finely divided, the reaction can be used to adjust the viscosity of the foamed and non-foamed detoxifying liquid if necessary.
• the foam formed by the washing active substance according to the invention is stable for about 15 minutes, depending on the size of the bubbles, and after a certain dwell time can be completely and easily sprayed with the liquid portion of the emulsion from the surface with water.
• An essential feature of the detoxification liquid according to the invention is that the surfactants it contains are stable in the detoxification emulsion for a long time and retain their foamability.
• the substances mentioned in features a), b), c) and d) of claim 1 and their mixtures are also stable against low-water mixtures of perchlorethylene and the solvents mentioned and chlorinated lime or calcium hypochlorite, alkali hypochlorite and trichloroisocyanuric acid, so that they are advantageous with Have water-dilutable concentrates prepared from the solvents and chlorine releasers mentioned and the detergent substance according to the invention.
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, 750 g of powdered calcium hypochlorite, 1500 g of perchlorethylene, 50 g of dinonylphenol polyglycol ether with 20 EO, 166 g of 30% aqueous myristyldimethylamine oxide solution and 7500 g of water were mixed and emulsified. When the air was blown in, the finished detoxification emulsion behaved in accordance with the emulsion of Example 1.
• Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, 750 g of powdered calcium hypochlorite, 1500 g of perchlorethylene, 50 g of dodecylphenol polyglycol ether with 20 EO, 166 g of 30% strength aqueous lauryldimethylamine oxide solution and 7500 g of water were mixed and emulsified. When the air was blown in, the finished detoxification emulsion behaved in accordance with the emulsion of Example 1.
• the foam layer was firmly adherent in some parts of the surfaces, in other parts, supported by the bleeding of the foam lamellae, running off weakly.
• the foam bubbles had an average size of 1 to 3 mm and were stable for approx. 10 to 15 minutes at firmly adhering places on the surface. Foam residues could be completely rinsed off with the water jet from the high-pressure lance after a 15-minute exposure.
• Example 4 Analogously to Example 4, 750 g of powdered calcium hypochlorite with 1000 g of diesel fuel and 50 g of octylphenol polyglycol ether with 20 EO and 166 g of a 30% strength aqueous myristyldimethylamine oxide solution were mixed with 300C g of water, emulsified and then discharged using a high-pressure foam lance in accordance with Example 4 .
• the detoxification foam produced in this way behaved in accordance with that of Example 4.
• Example 4 Analogously to Example 4, 750 g of powdered calcium hypochlorite were intimately mixed with 1500 g of trichlorethylene and 50 g of a primary, linear, saturated, Cg to C 11 oxo alcohol polyglycol ether with 14 EO with 166 g of a 30% strength aqueous tetradecyldimethylamine oxide solution with 3000 g of water, emul gier and then discharged with a high pressure foam lance according to Example 4.
• the detoxification foam produced in this way behaved in accordance with that of example 4.
• Example 4 Analogously to Example 4, 750 g of powdered chlorinated lime were mixed with 1500 g of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 50 g of a primary, linear, saturated, C 10 to C '2 fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 18 EO - with 166 g of a 30% strength aqueous solution Coconut fat dimethylamine oxide solution intimately mixed with 3000 g of water, emulsified and then discharged using a high-pressure foam lance in accordance with Example 4. The detoxification foam produced in this way behaved in accordance with that of Example 4.
• the E was formed ntgiftungsschaum with an average bubble size 1 - 5 20 minutes mm on horizontal surfaces about stable and ran to painted, vertical surfaces with a foam layer thickness of 1 cm at a speed of about 1 cm per second.
• the composition of the liquid formed by the disintegration of the foam corresponded to the still unfoamed detoxification emulsion.

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Cited By (10)

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Citations (2)

• 1982
  • 1982-05-26 DE DE19823219670 patent/DE3219670C1/de not_active Expired
• 1983
  • 1983-04-23 EP EP83104013A patent/EP0095045A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-05-10 AU AU14406/83A patent/AU1440683A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1983-05-26 JP JP9163583A patent/JPS5936197A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (2)

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