EP0079026B1 - Abri enterré contenant plusieurs cabines de protection - Google Patents

Abri enterré contenant plusieurs cabines de protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0079026B1
EP0079026B1 EP82110083A EP82110083A EP0079026B1 EP 0079026 B1 EP0079026 B1 EP 0079026B1 EP 82110083 A EP82110083 A EP 82110083A EP 82110083 A EP82110083 A EP 82110083A EP 0079026 B1 EP0079026 B1 EP 0079026B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shelter
protective
exit
cells
transfer canal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82110083A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0079026A1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Janitzky
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82110083T priority Critical patent/ATE25864T1/de
Publication of EP0079026A1 publication Critical patent/EP0079026A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0079026B1 publication Critical patent/EP0079026B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underground protection bunker system with a plurality of interconnected protection cells, which are composed of hermetically connected prefabricated reinforced concrete components and tensioned with tendons and with at least one opening in a protection cell for access to the interior of the protection bunker system, the access being a main lock and has an exit and opens in the open above the protective bunker system.
  • the individual protective cells are cylindrical walls which merge in one piece into a spherical vault. These individual protective cells can only be connected to one another on one level; an arrangement one above the other is not possible.
  • the individual protective cells do not have a special floor, which can lead to problems of gas tightness between the lower surface and the prefabricated elements consisting of walls and vaults.
  • the exit leading to the outside is not closed to the outside, so that it can essentially only be used as an exit, but not for measurement, observation and monitoring tasks at any time, especially during the protection case. Since only one lock is provided, a poison-free exit from the protective bunker system is not achieved.
  • the individual protective cells are paraboloid of revolution, spheres or other egg-shaped bodies. They are connected to each other on their narrow, strongly curved side surfaces via elongated, tube-like connecting studs.
  • Each individual protective cell is composed of several prefabricated and preferably sector-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated components, the connection is made along horizontal or vertical butt joints and is moisture and gas tight.
  • DE-B-1 262 006 discloses a protective bunker system made of prefabricated concrete parts, the individual prefabricated components made of reinforced concrete are connected to one another by means of screws and suitable shear inserts in a shear-proof, gas-tight and watertight manner.
  • DE-B-1 143 627 discloses an underground protection bunker system with a plurality of protection cells connected to one another, in which the protection cells are hollow spheres which are connected to one another via two opposing, equally large, round openings with the interposition of a sealing ring.
  • bacteriological and chemical weapons After the use of bacteriological and chemical weapons, the environment may be contaminated even more sustainably in the long term than when using nuclear weapons. This forces you to stay in the protective bunker system for at least several weeks, but usually for a much longer time. For this purpose, it must offer sufficient comfort and also be sufficiently secure so that such long periods of time can be endured in underground shelter bunkers. Furthermore, a protective bunker system has to meet the practical needs of the protected inmates in that it must be possible to observe and explore when the atomic, bacteriological or chemical pollution of the immediate surroundings has subsided.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the underground protective bunker system of the type mentioned at the beginning of DE-U-1 883 180 and to further develop this protective bunker system in such a way that it allows testing and measurement of the contaminated environment, a simple, all-round sealing Assembly enables and pleasing interiors that can be divided into homely sub-units can be formed.
  • the protective cells essentially consist of two different prefabricated parts, namely an approximately circular pane which can be used as an upper cover, false ceiling or lower end and a floor-high cylinder ring arranged between two panes is constructed and that the exit is designed as a sluice gate.
  • the two essential components are extremely simple in shape, making their assembly very simple.
  • Several individual cells can be stacked on top of each other like a house with several storeys. For an additional "floor”, only one cylinder ring and one pane are required.
  • the interiors can be easily divided into homely sub-units, sectors or the like. Connecting stairs between protective cells arranged one above the other enable comfortable traffic between these protective cells and at the same time physical activity that is perceived as pleasant during long stays in the protective room.
  • an essential advantage of the invention is to be seen in the double lock, which opens out directly as a pre-lock above the protective bunker system.
  • the two lock chambers not only make one poison
  • the safety-free exit from the protective bunker system enables the user to leave and re-enter the shelter during the protection case for the purpose of observing the surroundings and measuring the external environment if the hazard is sufficiently low, without causing poisoning or permanent stress.
  • an exit into the open above the protective bunker system is an alternative to getting out; the invention proposes to use this exit as the main exit. As a result, it can be used for measuring, monitoring and monitoring tasks at any time, especially during the protection case.
  • the relatively low price is particularly advantageous in the protective bunker system according to the invention.
  • the precast concrete parts used can be made much thinner than is known from the prior art, since the risk of direct bombing is low with conventional explosive weapons and so high with atomic weapons that the much thicker concrete strengths of the known protective bunker systems do not help.
  • an earth cover of three meters thickness is provided (i.e. ten times the so-called 1 / l o value thickness), whereby almost 100 percent radiation protection is achieved.
  • the simply shaped components are relatively easy to manufacture and assemble, which in turn lowers the overall costs.
  • the floor construction significantly contributes to a reduction in costs.
  • the invention thus enables an underground protection bunker system which offers sufficient comfort and living space even during a protective stay of several months, which enables effective and long-lasting protection and is nevertheless relatively inexpensive to produce.
  • the disk and the cylindrical ring preferably have prepared, pierceable hole regions.
  • the finished parts are either monolithic, the opening areas can be separated along lines of weakness, or the openings are closed by separate panes that can be removed.
  • the outer jacket of the cylinder ring in the vicinity of the hole areas is flat coupling surfaces.
  • This enables another protective cell to be connected directly at the same level, whereby the connecting passage is only as long as twice the wall thickness of the cylinder ring, which means that it can be made extremely short and comfortable.
  • the coupling surfaces enable a very stable connection between two protective cells located on the same level.
  • the connection of individual protective cells in the form of superimposed, floor-like cells is, however, much cheaper in the case of mechanical vibrations, since these protective cells form a unit and cannot shear off from one another even with strong earth movements, which can never be completely ruled out despite the short connection paths for protective cells located on one level.
  • An axial or radial bracing which preferably runs in the vicinity of the cylinder axis or a cylinder diameter, is very advantageous.
  • Such centrally arranged tensions allow a much more favorable introduction of the tensioning forces, taking into account the inherent elasticity of the components to be tensioned together.
  • the exit is very advantageous to design the exit as an exit tube and to arrange an insertion spiral staircase there, the steps of this spiral staircase being made of radiation-inhibiting material, for example with the addition of lead.
  • the emergency exit formed a path of radioactive radiation into the interior of the shelter that was not very disabled, thus a kind of short circuit path. This leak made the other, very extensive protective measures against radioactive radiation practically null.
  • the design of the exit tube according to the invention enables effective shielding of the radioactive radiation, this shielding is quite comparable to the area located next to the exit tube, in contrast to the prior art, the exit is not through the then completely contaminated filter space, but poisoning - and contamination free.
  • a heat radiation shield is suitable for protection against short-term heat radiation.
  • the system according to the invention thus permits a safe, slow transition from the protection case to the subsequent non-protection case, without all the protection efforts previously carried out being nullified.
  • the air filter in two stages and to arrange the second stage within the main lock. There, the filter can be cleaned or replaced without endangering the occupants of the protective cell.
  • the first stage is advantageously arranged outside the protective cell in a tube which corresponds in shape to the outlet tube.
  • its dimensions are much smaller than that of the two main components.
  • the oxygen content of the ambient air drops drastically after an atomic explosion due to subsequent fires, on the other hand, these measures protect the two air filters during the main pollution period and do not stress them, so that they are used longer and less contaminated.
  • the protective bunker system is constructed from only two larger prefabricated components, namely a cylinder ring 1 and a disk 2.
  • a single protective cell S for example the input cell S 'located at the top left, two disks 2 and a cylinder ring 1 are required.
  • the protection lines S can be easily and conveniently connected to each other both horizontally and vertically, creating a modular system or a modular system and making it possible to meet the individual wishes of individual builders as far as possible.
  • FIG. 1 there is a protective cell S at the bottom right, the layer of earth above it is particularly thick.
  • This protective cell S is therefore a particularly safe cell that is sought during or at least shortly after an atomic attack.
  • the formation of a disc 2 is shown in Figures 2 and 3. Thereafter, the disc 2 has a total of two pierceable hole areas 3, 4 and two prepared standing surfaces 5 for each tube of a first stage of an air filter. Finally, attachment points 6 are provided for radial clamping means.
  • the pierceable hole area 3 is located on the edge and serves to receive an outlet pipe, corresponding fastening points 6 'are provided.
  • the central, pierceable hole area 4 can be used for vertical connection of two protective cells S, but the pierceable hole area 3 is also suitable for this.
  • the disc 2 is almost circular, it has four evenly distributed edge areas 7. Opposite this is the pierceable hole area 3 at a 45 degree angle. It is therefore possible to offset the perforated areas 3 of disks 2 lying one above the other by 90 ° or 180 °. This improves the shielding and enables individual interior division.
  • the disc 2 has an edge-side recess 8, which enables a better seal with respect to a cylinder ring 1 and absorbs horizontal shear forces.
  • Seals 9 are fastened in the recesses 8, as can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, seals 9 are thus fixed in place and cannot be fitted incorrectly.
  • the pierceable hole regions 3 and 4 also have a gradation 10, as shown in FIG. 3, which enables a secure connection and the arrangement of a pre-attached seal.
  • FIG. 4 The assembly of two disks 2 and a cylinder ring 1 for a protective cell S can be seen in FIG. 4.
  • the relatively low material thickness of the prefabricated concrete components 1, 2 can also be seen from this.
  • an empty pipe 11 for electrical installations with connection openings to be cast after installation in the area of the coupling surfaces and factory-enclosed dowels 12 are provided in a circumferential grid, which serve to fasten the technical equipment and the partition walls.
  • FIG. 5 shows the connection of two protective cells S on the same level.
  • the cylinder rings 1 and the disk 2 of the adjacent protective cells S touch in the edge regions 7, which are also provided for the cylinder rings 1.
  • There are therefore relatively large connecting areas between the neighboring protective cells S which means that the free passage areas for horizontal traffic openings F are also relatively large and convenient.
  • the adjacent cylinder rings 1 are held together by high-strength rotary screws 13 and nuts 14.
  • the screws 13 are surrounded in their central region by shear sleeves 15, the shear sleeves 15 are in turn surrounded by seals 16.
  • seals 18 can be used in the area of the prepared through opening F.
  • FIG. 5 also shows installation passages 21 in the panes 2, these are small openings, which are normally closed by a plug 22 and are cast when they are not needed.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show the structure of an input cell S '.
  • This contains a main lock B with decontamination room H and part of a pre-lock A. These lock rooms are separated by a pressure segment 23 and a plurality of radially extending expansion plates 24.
  • the two expansion plates 24 delimiting the main lock B are each provided with a lock door 25.
  • the pre-lock A is connected at the top via a perforated area 3 to an outlet pipe 28, at the upper end of which there is a hatch 29 for entry and exit. Together with the common lock door 25, it forms the two lock doors of the preliminary lock A.
  • the hatch 29 has a radiant heat shield 30, as shown in FIG.
  • An observation prism 31 is also provided. Below the hatch 29 there is a slewing ring 32 with weld-proof bearings. The entire exhaust air of the system, coming from the protective cell S 'and flowing through the two locks A and B, is continuously pushed out into the open via a pressure relief valve 33.
  • Prelock A has a third door G which opens into an underground gallery 47. This connects the protective bunker system with a neighboring building and is used above all in the event of peace. In the event of a protection, the tunnel is used exclusively as a landfill.
  • FIG. 7 shows two open, horizontal through openings F and one through opening F, which is closed off by a disk 48.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Abri souterrain de protection comportant plusieurs cellules de protection (S, S') reliées entre elles, qui sont composées d'éléments préfabriqués en béton armé, reliés entre eux hermétiquement et maintenus par des tirants, avec au moins une ouverture (F) ménagée dans une cellule de protection (S, S') pour l'entrée dans le volume intérieur de l'abri protecteur, l'entrée comportant un sas principal (B) et un passage de sortie et débouchant à l'air libre au-dessus de l'abri protecteur, caractérisé en ce que les cellules de protection (S, S') se composent essentiellement de deux parties souterraines préfabriquées, à savoir un disque (2) de forme approximativement circulaire, utilisable comme recouvrement supérieur, comme plancher intermédiaire ou bien comme obturation inférieure et d'un anneau cylindrique (1) disposé entre deux disques (2) et ayant la hauteur d'un étage, et en ce que le passage de sortie (tube de sortie 28) est agencé comme un pré-sas (A).
2. Abri de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'anneau cylindrique (1) est plan dans la région des zones de trous (20) avec formation de surfaces d'accouplement.
3. Abri de protection selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque cellule de protection (S, S') comporte un système de serrage axial et un système de serrage radial, qui sont disposés de préférence à proximité de l'axe du cylindre ou d'un diamètre du cylindre.
4. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le disque (2) ou l'anneau cylindrique (1) comporte un évidement (8) adapté à la surface de liaison de l'autre partie.
5. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le sas principal (B) et une partie du pré-sas (A) sont situés à l'intérieur de la cellule d'entrée (S') reliée au passage d'accès et comportent tous deux respectivement des portes de sas (25, 29, G) pouvant être obturées hermétiquement.
6. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu au-dessus de la partie, située à l'intérieur de la cellule d'entrée (S'), du pré-sas et servant de passage de sortie un tube de sortie (28) pourvu d'un escalier en spirale (34) dont les marches sont fabriquées en un matériau arrêtant l'irradiation et en ce que le tube de sortie (28) est recouvert en haut et au-dessus de l'écoutille (29) par un écran (30) de protection contre le rayonnement thermique et comporte un prisme d'observation (31).
7. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par un filtre à air à deux étages, dont un premier étage (J) est situé à l'extérieur des sas (A, B) et des cellules de protection (S, S') et est logé avantageusement dans un tube (35) analogue au tube de sortie (28), en étant disposé à côté de celui-ci et au-dessus de la cellule d'entrée (S'), tandis que son second étage est placé à l'intérieur du sas principal (B), et en ce qu'au moins le second étage comporte des éléments de filtrage échangeables, et en ce qu'ainsi il est prévu avantageusement au moins deux premiers étages (J) pouvant être utilisés sélectivement.
8. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par un récipient de stockage d'oxygène ou d'air comprimé ayant une capacité correspondant au moins à une, et de préférence à trois quantités journalières nécessaires aux besoins en oxygène du nombre nominal d'occupants de l'abri de protection.
9. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les anneaux cylindriques (1) et les disques (2) ont une surface de base à six, huit ou n côtés.
10. Abri de protection selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il règne constamment dans l'abri de protection, y compris les deux sas (A, B), une surpression atmosphérique et en ce que la vanne d'air sortant (33) est traversée constamment vers l'extérieur.
EP82110083A 1981-11-06 1982-11-02 Abri enterré contenant plusieurs cabines de protection Expired EP0079026B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82110083T ATE25864T1 (de) 1981-11-06 1982-11-02 Unterirdische schutzbunkeranlage mit mehreren schutzzellen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3144141 1981-11-06
DE3144141A DE3144141C2 (de) 1981-11-06 1981-11-06 Unterirdische Schutzbunkeranlage mit mehreren Schutzzellen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0079026A1 EP0079026A1 (fr) 1983-05-18
EP0079026B1 true EP0079026B1 (fr) 1987-03-11

Family

ID=6145801

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82110083A Expired EP0079026B1 (fr) 1981-11-06 1982-11-02 Abri enterré contenant plusieurs cabines de protection

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4507899A (fr)
EP (1) EP0079026B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE25864T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3144141C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8809939U1 (de) * 1988-08-04 1988-10-13 Janitzky, Manfred, 4053 Jüchen Luftfilter für ABC-Schutzräume mit Sandfüllung
FR2687711A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-08-27 Beauvais Nicolas Procede de construction d'un edifice, tel qu'abri souterrain, par assemblage d'elements prefabriques.
US5695443A (en) * 1996-07-26 1997-12-09 Brent; Robert W. High energy radiation emission shelter and method of making the same
US5956907A (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-09-28 Martin; Frank A. Tornado escape capsule for trailer homes
US5930961A (en) * 1998-06-10 1999-08-03 Beaudet; Judith Holly Site assembled emergency shelter
US6973758B2 (en) 2001-05-14 2005-12-13 Rad Technology, Llc Shielded structure for radiation treatment equipment and method of assembly
KR100707111B1 (ko) * 2003-02-01 2007-04-16 알로이즈 우벤 풍력 발전 플랜트 건조 방법 및 이에 따라 시공한 풍력발전 플랜트
ES2301383B1 (es) * 2006-09-13 2009-04-01 Biovivienda, S.L. Vivienda subterranea.
US20110083379A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2011-04-14 Peer Moshe Lavi Prefabricated sealed room assembly
US20110094166A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2011-04-28 Peer Moshe Lavi Fabricated sealed room
WO2016194367A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-08 株式会社ライフル Abri d'évacuation demi-souterrain

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DE1074852B (de) * 1960-02-04 Honnef/Rhein und Dr. Heinz Dobiey Düsseldorf Dr. Oskar Meyer Vorrichtung zur Erleichterung der Messung der Strahlungsintensität der Atmosphäre mit einem Meßgerät von einem Luftschutzraum aus
US1755608A (en) * 1926-04-10 1930-04-22 Edward D Lemmerman Sectional casing
DE634529C (de) * 1933-12-14 1936-08-29 Erich Heinicke In der Erde liegender Luftschutzraum
DE892511C (de) * 1951-12-30 1953-10-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Luftschutzanlage
BE534042A (fr) * 1954-11-19
US2792794A (en) * 1955-05-26 1957-05-21 William H Miller Bomb shelter
CH350577A (de) * 1956-07-14 1960-11-30 Ryter Arnold Untergrund-Bunker
US3173387A (en) * 1961-03-21 1965-03-16 Jr George Benson Cree Underground shelter
US3138124A (en) * 1962-02-26 1964-06-23 Ludwig S Baier Fall-out shelter
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US3164111A (en) * 1962-07-13 1965-01-05 Daniel G Lanni Bomb shelter
US3212220A (en) * 1963-05-06 1965-10-19 Krystyna W Boniecki Building structure
DE1883180U (de) * 1963-08-02 1963-11-21 Gustav Luding Bauelementensatz fuer einen schutzbau.
CH454429A (de) * 1965-07-08 1968-04-15 Staeheli Fritz Unterirdischer Raum zum Schutz vor nuklearer Waffenwirkung
DE1264737B (de) * 1966-06-21 1968-03-28 Gustav Luding Schutzbauanlage
AT318200B (de) * 1971-01-19 1974-09-25 Johann Eberhart Schutzbau mit einem unterirdischen Schutzraum
GB2075570B (en) * 1980-05-08 1984-03-07 Conder International Ltd Nuclear fall-out shelter
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GB2092633B (en) * 1981-02-03 1985-03-06 Lockwoods Anti Nuclear Design Nuclear blast and fallout shelter
FR2499136A1 (fr) * 1981-02-05 1982-08-06 Cancel Louis Abri anti-atomique enterre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3144141A1 (de) 1983-05-26
US4507899A (en) 1985-04-02
ATE25864T1 (de) 1987-03-15
EP0079026A1 (fr) 1983-05-18
DE3144141C2 (de) 1986-01-09

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