EP0079026B1 - Underground shelter comprising several protection cells - Google Patents

Abstract

An underground protective shelter installation has several protective cells connected to one another, the cells being assembled of prefinished steel-reinforced concrete components which are hermetically sealed to one another and braced by clamping components. At least one opening is provided in a protective chamber for access to an inner chamber of the protective shelter installation. The protective chambers essentially comprise two basic prefinished components, namely a substantially circular disk used as an upper cover, intermediate ceiling, or as a lower closure, and a cylindrical ring, one story high and located between two of the disks. The entrance level includes an inner passageway and an outer entrance passageway having an exit opening above the protective shelter installation in the outdoor area.

Description

The invention relates to an underground protection bunker system with a plurality of interconnected protection cells, which are composed of hermetically connected prefabricated reinforced concrete components and tensioned with tendons and with at least one opening in a protection cell for access to the interior of the protection bunker system, the access being a main lock and has an exit and opens in the open above the protective bunker system.

In this protective bunker system known from DE-U-1 883180, the individual protective cells are cylindrical walls which merge in one piece into a spherical vault. These individual protective cells can only be connected to one another on one level; an arrangement one above the other is not possible. The individual protective cells do not have a special floor, which can lead to problems of gas tightness between the lower surface and the prefabricated elements consisting of walls and vaults.

Furthermore, in the previously known protective bunker system, the exit leading to the outside is not closed to the outside, so that it can essentially only be used as an exit, but not for measurement, observation and monitoring tasks at any time, especially during the protection case. Since only one lock is provided, a poison-free exit from the protective bunker system is not achieved.

In the protective bunker system known from DE-A-2 160 570, the individual protective cells are paraboloid of revolution, spheres or other egg-shaped bodies. They are connected to each other on their narrow, strongly curved side surfaces via elongated, tube-like connecting studs. Each individual protective cell is composed of several prefabricated and preferably sector-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated components, the connection is made along horizontal or vertical butt joints and is moisture and gas tight.

From DE-B-1 264 737 an underground protective bunker system is known which has access to an adjacent building which is designed as an entrance lock. Furthermore, it has an emergency exit, which also has a lock and allows an exit outside.

DE-B-1 262 006 discloses a protective bunker system made of prefabricated concrete parts, the individual prefabricated components made of reinforced concrete are connected to one another by means of screws and suitable shear inserts in a shear-proof, gas-tight and watertight manner. Finally, DE-B-1 143 627 discloses an underground protection bunker system with a plurality of protection cells connected to one another, in which the protection cells are hollow spheres which are connected to one another via two opposing, equally large, round openings with the interposition of a sealing ring.

After the use of bacteriological and chemical weapons, the environment may be contaminated even more sustainably in the long term than when using nuclear weapons. This forces you to stay in the protective bunker system for at least several weeks, but usually for a much longer time. For this purpose, it must offer sufficient comfort and also be sufficiently secure so that such long periods of time can be endured in underground shelter bunkers. Furthermore, a protective bunker system has to meet the practical needs of the protected inmates in that it must be possible to observe and explore when the atomic, bacteriological or chemical pollution of the immediate surroundings has subsided.

The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the underground protective bunker system of the type mentioned at the beginning of DE-U-1 883 180 and to further develop this protective bunker system in such a way that it allows testing and measurement of the contaminated environment, a simple, all-round sealing Assembly enables and pleasing interiors that can be divided into homely sub-units can be formed.

This object is achieved on the basis of the protective bunker system of the type mentioned at the outset in that the protective cells essentially consist of two different prefabricated parts, namely an approximately circular pane which can be used as an upper cover, false ceiling or lower end and a floor-high cylinder ring arranged between two panes is constructed and that the exit is designed as a sluice gate.

In this protective bunker system, the two essential components are extremely simple in shape, making their assembly very simple. Several individual cells can be stacked on top of each other like a house with several storeys. For an additional "floor", only one cylinder ring and one pane are required. However, just as with the protective bunker system according to DE-U-1 883180, it is possible to connect individual cells at the same level. Finally, there are pleasant interiors of the protective cells, the interiors can be easily divided into homely sub-units, sectors or the like. Connecting stairs between protective cells arranged one above the other enable comfortable traffic between these protective cells and at the same time physical activity that is perceived as pleasant during long stays in the protective room.

In particular, however, an essential advantage of the invention is to be seen in the double lock, which opens out directly as a pre-lock above the protective bunker system. The two lock chambers not only make one poison The safety-free exit from the protective bunker system enables the user to leave and re-enter the shelter during the protection case for the purpose of observing the surroundings and measuring the external environment if the hazard is sufficiently low, without causing poisoning or permanent stress. In DE-U-1 883 180, an exit into the open above the protective bunker system is an alternative to getting out; the invention proposes to use this exit as the main exit. As a result, it can be used for measuring, monitoring and monitoring tasks at any time, especially during the protection case.

The relatively low price is particularly advantageous in the protective bunker system according to the invention. The precast concrete parts used can be made much thinner than is known from the prior art, since the risk of direct bombing is low with conventional explosive weapons and so high with atomic weapons that the much thicker concrete strengths of the known protective bunker systems do not help. To protect against radiation, an earth cover of three meters thickness is provided (i.e. ten times the so-called ¹ / _l o value thickness), whereby almost 100 percent radiation protection is achieved. The simply shaped components are relatively easy to manufacture and assemble, which in turn lowers the overall costs. Finally, the floor construction significantly contributes to a reduction in costs.

Overall, the invention thus enables an underground protection bunker system which offers sufficient comfort and living space even during a protective stay of several months, which enables effective and long-lasting protection and is nevertheless relatively inexpensive to produce.

The disk and the cylindrical ring preferably have prepared, pierceable hole regions. The finished parts are either monolithic, the opening areas can be separated along lines of weakness, or the openings are closed by separate panes that can be removed.

In this way, even with different arrangements of several protective cells, only two identical main components can be used.

It is advantageous to design the outer jacket of the cylinder ring in the vicinity of the hole areas as flat coupling surfaces. This enables another protective cell to be connected directly at the same level, whereby the connecting passage is only as long as twice the wall thickness of the cylinder ring, which means that it can be made extremely short and comfortable. Furthermore, the coupling surfaces enable a very stable connection between two protective cells located on the same level. The connection of individual protective cells in the form of superimposed, floor-like cells is, however, much cheaper in the case of mechanical vibrations, since these protective cells form a unit and cannot shear off from one another even with strong earth movements, which can never be completely ruled out despite the short connection paths for protective cells located on one level.

An axial or radial bracing, which preferably runs in the vicinity of the cylinder axis or a cylinder diameter, is very advantageous. Such centrally arranged tensions allow a much more favorable introduction of the tensioning forces, taking into account the inherent elasticity of the components to be tensioned together.

It is very advantageous to design the exit as an exit tube and to arrange an insertion spiral staircase there, the steps of this spiral staircase being made of radiation-inhibiting material, for example with the addition of lead. With the conventional emergency exits ending outdoors, the emergency exit formed a path of radioactive radiation into the interior of the shelter that was not very disabled, thus a kind of short circuit path. This leak made the other, very extensive protective measures against radioactive radiation practically null. However, the design of the exit tube according to the invention enables effective shielding of the radioactive radiation, this shielding is quite comparable to the area located next to the exit tube, in contrast to the prior art, the exit is not through the then completely contaminated filter space, but poisoning - and contamination free.

In order to be able to observe and measure comfortably, appropriate measures have been taken at the top of the exit pipe, in particular a view optic is provided. A heat radiation shield is suitable for protection against short-term heat radiation.

It is very advantageous to provide a decontamination room in the main lock. This enables the first, testing steps or maintenance and repair work in the still very heavily contaminated area above the shelter. The system according to the invention thus permits a safe, slow transition from the protection case to the subsequent non-protection case, without all the protection efforts previously carried out being nullified.

It is also very advantageous to design the air filter in two stages and to arrange the second stage within the main lock. There, the filter can be cleaned or replaced without endangering the occupants of the protective cell.

The first stage is advantageously arranged outside the protective cell in a tube which corresponds in shape to the outlet tube. This means that only such a tubular component is required as an additional prefabricated component. However, its dimensions are much smaller than that of the two main components. It is very advantageous to assign the protective bunker system to an oxygen or compressed air storage container with a relatively large capacity of at least a daily amount of the oxygen requirement with nominal occupancy. On the one hand, it is stated that the oxygen content of the ambient air drops drastically after an atomic explosion due to subsequent fires, on the other hand, these measures protect the two air filters during the main pollution period and do not stress them, so that they are used longer and less contaminated.

Further designs and advantages of the invention result from the remaining claims and the following description of an exemplary embodiment of a protective bunker system to be understood as an example. This is explained in more detail in the following description and described with reference to the drawing.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schutzbunkeranlage mit einer Eingangszelle, einem dreigeschossigen Turm aus Schutzzellen und einer sehr tief liegenden Schutzzelle,
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine Scheibe,
• Fig. 3 ein Schnittbild entlang der Schnittlinie 111-111 in Figur 2,
• Fig. 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Aussenwand,
• Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt durch den Verbindungsbereich zweier auf gleicher Ebene gekoppelter Schutzzellen,
• Fig. 6a, b, c und d eine schnittbiidiiche Montagezeichnung für eine Schutzzelle mit Austrittsrohr und Luftfilter,
• Fig. 7 ein horizontales Schnittbild durch eine Eingangszelle,
• Fig. 8 einen Axialschnitt durch das obere Ende eines Ausstiegsrohres, und
• Fig. 9 einen Axialschnitt durch eine erste Stufe eines Filters.

The drawing shows:

• 1 is a perspective view of a protective bunker system with an entrance cell, a three-storey tower made of protective cells and a very low-lying protective cell,
• 2 is a plan view of a disc,
• 3 shows a sectional view along the sectional line 111-111 in FIG. 2,
• 4 shows a vertical section through an outer wall,
• 5 shows a vertical section through the connection area of two protective cells coupled on the same level,
• 6a, b, c and d a sectional drawing for a protective cell with an outlet pipe and air filter,
• 7 is a horizontal sectional view through an input cell,
• Fig. 8 is an axial section through the upper end of an exit pipe, and
• Fig. 9 shows an axial section through a first stage of a filter.

As FIG. 1 shows, the protective bunker system is constructed from only two larger prefabricated components, namely a cylinder ring 1 and a disk 2. For a single protective cell S, for example the input cell S 'located at the top left, two disks 2 and a cylinder ring 1 are required. The protection lines S can be easily and conveniently connected to each other both horizontally and vertically, creating a modular system or a modular system and making it possible to meet the individual wishes of individual builders as far as possible.

In FIG. 1 there is a protective cell S at the bottom right, the layer of earth above it is particularly thick. This protective cell S is therefore a particularly safe cell that is sought during or at least shortly after an atomic attack.

The formation of a disc 2 is shown in Figures 2 and 3. Thereafter, the disc 2 has a total of two pierceable hole areas 3, 4 and two prepared standing surfaces 5 for each tube of a first stage of an air filter. Finally, attachment points 6 are provided for radial clamping means. The pierceable hole area 3 is located on the edge and serves to receive an outlet pipe, corresponding fastening points 6 'are provided. The central, pierceable hole area 4 can be used for vertical connection of two protective cells S, but the pierceable hole area 3 is also suitable for this.

The disc 2 is almost circular, it has four evenly distributed edge areas 7. Opposite this is the pierceable hole area 3 at a 45 degree angle. It is therefore possible to offset the perforated areas 3 of disks 2 lying one above the other by 90 ° or 180 °. This improves the shielding and enables individual interior division.

As FIG. 3 shows, the disc 2 has an edge-side recess 8, which enables a better seal with respect to a cylinder ring 1 and absorbs horizontal shear forces. Seals 9 are fastened in the recesses 8, as can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5, seals 9 are thus fixed in place and cannot be fitted incorrectly. The pierceable hole regions 3 and 4 also have a gradation 10, as shown in FIG. 3, which enables a secure connection and the arrangement of a pre-attached seal.

The assembly of two disks 2 and a cylinder ring 1 for a protective cell S can be seen in FIG. 4. The relatively low material thickness of the prefabricated concrete components 1, 2 can also be seen from this. In the inner wall of the cylinder ring 1, an empty pipe 11 for electrical installations with connection openings to be cast after installation in the area of the coupling surfaces and factory-enclosed dowels 12 are provided in a circumferential grid, which serve to fasten the technical equipment and the partition walls.

FIG. 5 shows the connection of two protective cells S on the same level. The cylinder rings 1 and the disk 2 of the adjacent protective cells S touch in the edge regions 7, which are also provided for the cylinder rings 1. There are therefore relatively large connecting areas between the neighboring protective cells S, which means that the free passage areas for horizontal traffic openings F are also relatively large and convenient. The adjacent cylinder rings 1 are held together by high-strength rotary screws 13 and nuts 14. The screws 13 are surrounded in their central region by shear sleeves 15, the shear sleeves 15 are in turn surrounded by seals 16. For sealing against gas penetrating the slot 17, ring seals 18 can be used in the area of the prepared through opening F. The through opening F has not yet been pierced, rather only lines of weakness 19 are shown which belong to a total of four pierceable hole regions 20 of the cylinder ring 1. Finally, FIG. 5 also shows installation passages 21 in the panes 2, these are small openings, which are normally closed by a plug 22 and are cast when they are not needed.

Figures 6 and 7 show the structure of an input cell S '. This contains a main lock B with decontamination room H and part of a pre-lock A. These lock rooms are separated by a pressure segment 23 and a plurality of radially extending expansion plates 24. The two expansion plates 24 delimiting the main lock B are each provided with a lock door 25. In the decontamination room H there is a shower 26 and a cabinet 27 for protective clothing.

The pre-lock A is connected at the top via a perforated area 3 to an outlet pipe 28, at the upper end of which there is a hatch 29 for entry and exit. Together with the common lock door 25, it forms the two lock doors of the preliminary lock A. The hatch 29 has a radiant heat shield 30, as shown in FIG. An observation prism 31 is also provided. Below the hatch 29 there is a slewing ring 32 with weld-proof bearings. The entire exhaust air of the system, coming from the protective cell S 'and flowing through the two locks A and B, is continuously pushed out into the open via a pressure relief valve 33. This eliminates the need for complex sealing measures in the area of the exit hatch 29 and the turntable 32 and results in the individual locks A, B being automatically blown out when they are used in the case of protection. In the outlet pipe 28 there is an insertion spiral staircase (spiral staircase) 34 which extends to the bottom of the entrance cell S '. It enables easy access to hatch 29 and thus easy entry and exit and forms the observation stand.

In addition to the outlet pipe 28, two first stages of an air filter 3 are arranged in pipes 35 of a similar design. These tubes 35 stand on the standing surfaces 5. The design of the air filter J is shown in FIG. 9. Then this is closed off at the top by a cover 36, the cover has radial inlet slots 37. a special pipe 40 is used for this purpose, which is screwed and sealed via a nut 41. At the same time, it directs the mechanically pre-filtered air downwards into a second stage 42 with an active filter. The first stage J is closed at the bottom by a sieve 43 and a grate 44, a suitable filter medium 45, for example sand, is accommodated in the space above it. Finally, a bypass line 46 is provided, through which normal air can be sucked in directly, and a drainage opening 49.Reflection from the first filter stage J hits, but is greatly weakened, only the main lock B, but not the protective cell S itself.

Prelock A has a third door G which opens into an underground gallery 47. This connects the protective bunker system with a neighboring building and is used above all in the event of peace. In the event of a protection, the tunnel is used exclusively as a landfill.

Finally, FIG. 7 shows two open, horizontal through openings F and one through opening F, which is closed off by a disk 48.

Claims (12)

1. Underground shelter comprising several inter-connected protective cells (S, S'), which are formed from prefinished building components of steel-reinforced concrete, are hermetically sealed with one another and are held together by clamping elements, and further comprising at least one entrance opening (F) into one of the protective cells (S, S') for an access passage to the inner protective chamber, wherein this access passage exhibits a main transfer canal (B) and an exit ending above the shelter in an above ground area, characterized in that the protective cells (S, S') are mainly made from two different prefinished building components, namely a substantially circular disk (2) for an upper covering, an intermediate ceiling, or a lower closure; and a cylindrical ring (1) arranged between two disks (2) and in the height between two floors, and in that the exit (exit tube 28) is formed as a pre-transfer canal (A).

2. Shelter as in claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical ring (1) is planar on an external area thereof adjacent hole areas (20), whereby attachment surfaces are formed.

3. Shelter as in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each protection cell (S,. S') comprises an axial and a radial bracing, which preferably are arranged near the axis or near a diametral line, resp. of the cylindrical ring.

4. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the disk (2) and the cylindrical ring (1), resp., exhibit a recess (8) adapted to a connection face of the other part.

5. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the main transfer canal (B) and a part of the pre-transfer canal (A) is located inside the entry cell (S') which is connected with the access, and in that both transfers have hermetically sealable lockdoors (25, 29, G).

6. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an exit tube (28) serving as exit and comprising an insertable newelled stair-case is arranged above the portion of the pre-transfer canal which is inside the entry cell (S'), the steps of the said stair-case are manufactured of radiation-retarding material, and the exit tube (28) at its top is covered by a radiation heat shield (30) arranged above a hatch (28), and comprises an observation prism (31).

7. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized by a two-stage air filter, the first stage (J) of said filter being located outside the transfer canals (A, B) and the protection cells (S, S'), and preferably being housed in a tube (35) alike the exit tube (28), and being arranged by the side of this exit tube (28) and above the entry cell (S'), and a second stage being located in the main transfer canal (B); that the second stage has replacable filter elements; and in that preferably at least two first stages (J) are provided and can be used alternatively.

8. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by a tank for storing oxygen or compressed air, the tank having a storing capacity of at least one daily requirement, preferably three daily requirements of oxygen consumption for nominal occupancy of the shelter.

9. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylindrical rings (1) and the disks (2) exhibit a hexagonal, octagonal or polygonal basis.

10. Shelter as in one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an atmospheric excess pressure is maintained in the shelter and in the two transfer canals (A, B) and an exhaust air valve (33) is continuously vented to the outside.

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