DE929208C - Waessrige Emulsion, insbesondere fuer die Metallbearbeitung - Google Patents

Waessrige Emulsion, insbesondere fuer die Metallbearbeitung

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Publication number
DE929208C
DE929208C DEN3952A DEN0003952A DE929208C DE 929208 C DE929208 C DE 929208C DE N3952 A DEN3952 A DE N3952A DE N0003952 A DEN0003952 A DE N0003952A DE 929208 C DE929208 C DE 929208C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
paraffin
weight
percent
melting point
acid
Prior art date
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Expired
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DEN3952A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Eugene Reamer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
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Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij NV
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Publication of DE929208C publication Critical patent/DE929208C/de
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    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C19/00Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
    • C07C19/01Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing chlorine
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02Halogenated hydrocarbons
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/017Mixtures of compounds
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    • C10G73/00Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
    • C10G73/38Chemical modification of petroleum
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Description

(WiGBl. S. 175)
AUSGEGEBEN AM 20. JUNI 1955
N 3952 IVd j23c
Die Erfindung betrifft die Zusammensetzung wäßriger Emulsionen, die insbesondere zur Verwendung bei zahlreichen technischen Metallbearbeitungsprozessen, wie Walzen, Ziehen, Prägen, Schmieden, Fräsen, geeignet sind.
Die bei der Metallbearbeitung auftretenden Probleme sind besonders kompliziert wegen der verschiedenen Arbeitsbedingungen, wie hohe Temperatur, hoher Druck, Anwesenheit von Fremdkörpern oder Verunreinigungen. Um unter diesen ungünstigen Bedingungen eine gute Wirkung zu erzielen, müssen die Emulsionen sowohl kühlende als auch schmierende Wirkungen aufweisen.
Um den Anforderungen, welche an gute Metallbearbeitungsmittel gestellt werden, zu genügen, müssen diese die folgenden wesentlichen Eigenschaften aufweisen: hohe Filmfestigkeit, reibungsvermindernde Wirkung, gutes Netz- und Haftvermögen und Abwesenheit von fleckenbildenden bzw. Verfärbung verursachenden Bestandteilen. Aus der stabilen Emulsion, die nicht korrodierend wirken darf, müssen sich feinverteilte feste Körper, wie scheuernd wirkende Stoffe, absetzen, und die Emulsion- muß sich von dem bearbeiteten Metall leicht entfernen lassen.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Schaffung einer verbesserten Emulsion für die Metallbearbeitung, insbesondere auch von Kohlenstoffstählen. Die nachstehend näher beschriebene Herstellung der in dem Schmiermittel verwendeten
Paraffinkomponente ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung. '
Es ist gefunden worden, daß wäßrige Emulsionen, welche Paraffin, das überwiegend .aus ' geradkettigen Paraffinkdhlenwasserstoffen-■ besteht und bzw. oder ein halogeniertes Derivat eines -". solchen !Paraffins enthalten, als Schmiermittel bei Metallbearbeitungsprozessen sehr geeignet sind.
Der Schmelzpunkt des Paraffins beträgt mindestens 71°, gegebenenfalls zwischen 82 und 1070 oder darüber. Das durchschnittliche Molgewicht des Paraffins liegt über 475, vorzugsweise zwischen 525 und 1000.
Die für Zusammensetzungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung geeigneten Paraffine werden aus Rückstandsfraktionen paraffinhakiger Erdöle erhalten, die aus verschiedenen -Herkunftsquellen, oder Gewinnungsorten, z. B. aus Osttexas-Midcontinent oder Pennsylvania-Rohölen, stammen und versdhiedene spezifische Eigenschaften aufweisen können. Das einzige Erfordernis ist, daß das öl einen paraffinischen oder paraffinisdh-naphthenischen Charakter aufweist, d. h. daß es P-araifinkohlenwassönstoffe von hohem Molgewicht oder normale und isoparaffmisehe Kohlenwasserstoffe mit-oder ohne naphthenische Kohlenwasserstoffe enthält, wie z. B. die Osttexas-Rohöle.
Die Paraffine mit hohem Molekulargewicht und hohem Schmelzpunkt, welche für die vorliegende Erfindung brauchbar sind, können aus- einem geeigneten Rohöl! Von paraffinischem oder paraffinisch-naphthenisrihem Charakter gewonnen werden. Ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Gewinnung wird an einem schematischen. Fließdiagramm in der Figur erläutert. Beispielsweise wird ein getopptes Osttexas-Rohöl der Vakuumdestillation (1) unterworfen, um die darin enthaltene schmierölhaltige Fraktion zu gewinnen, wobei diese das gesamte Material umfaßt, welches bei etwa 343 ° und 130 mm Quecksilberdruck abgetrennt werden kann. Aus diesem Stihmieröldestillat oder aus Fraktionen desselben können die üblichen Paraffine gewonnen werden, die als Paraffinwachs oder kristallines Paraffin bekannt sind, indem die im Diagramm unter (7), (8) und (9) angegebenen Maßnahmen angewendet werden. Dieses Produkt ist ein verhältnismäßig niedrigschmelzendes Paraffin mit einem Schmelzbereich von etwa 45 bis 6o°. Diese Art von niedrigschmelzendem "Paraffin unterscheidet sich in 'Eigenschaften und Verwendbarkeit deutlich von den " hochschmelzenden Paraffinen, die gemäß vorliegender Erfindung verwendet werden. . . · ■: '
Die Rückstandsfraktion-wird gewünschtenfalls einer Propan - Entasphaltierungsbehandlung (2) unterworfen, 'wobei ein entasphaitierter Destilla-• tionsrückstand bleibt. Der entasphaltierte" Rückstand wird dann mit einem selektiven Lösungsmittel, wie Phenol, --behandelte (3), wodurch man einen entasphaltierten Rückstandsextrakt und ein entaspihaltiertes paraffinhaltiges Rückstandsraffinat erhält. Das Raffinat wird in einem eritparaffinierend wirkenden Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemisch gelöst (4), wie es üblicherweise in der Technik " zum Entparaffinieren paraffinhaltiger Schmierölfraktionen verwendet wird. Die Lösung wird auf etwa —- 23 °. abgekühlt, um das Paraffin auszufällen, und zwecks Trennung des Paraffins von dem Öl filtriert. Das Paraffin kann gründlich gewaschen werden, worauf es als sogenanntes Rückstandsrohparaffin oder Weichparaffin anfällt. Dieses Rückstandsrohparaffin wird entölt, z. B. durch Auflösen des Paraffins in einem auf Paraffin entölend wirkenden Lösungsmittel oder Lösungsmittelgemiscih (5), Abkühlen der Lösung, auf eine geeignete Temperatur zwecks Ausfällung der Paraffine, während die öligen Komponenten und ein Teil der :Paraffiribestandteile mit niedrigeren Schmelzpunkten gelöst bleiben, z. B. die bis etwa 47,2° schmelzenden Bestandteile, und Gewinnung eines primären, mikrokristallinen Paraffins a mit einem Schmelzpunkt von etwa 71 ° und einem Molgewicht von etwa 525 bis 1000.
Das primäre mikrokristalline Paraffin α wird zweckmäßig durch fraktionierte Kristallisation (6) in zwei Paraffinfraktionen zerlegt. Dies wird erzielt,, indem man das Paraffin α in einem entölend oder entparaffinierend wirkenden Lösungsmittel, wie oben beschrieben, bei einer geeigneten höheren Temperatur, z.B. etwa 71 °, löst und die Lösung gerade so weit kühlt, daß praktisch nur die gewünschten 'höherschmelzenden Paraffine b aus-.fallen, welche man gewünschtenfaM's noch einer Behandlung mit Ton unterwerfen kann, wobei Paraffine erhalten wird. Die Paraffine & und c bestehen aus annährend 80 Gewichtsprozent hochschmelzenden geradkettigen Paraffinen. Die Paraffmfraktion der Lösung kann durch Abdestillieren des Lösungsmittels oder durch Fällung bei einer noch niedrigeren Temperatur gewonnen werden, wobei man ein plastisches mikrokristallines Paraffin d erhält bzw. ein Paraffin e, wenn anschließend mit Ton behandelt, wird. Diese Paraffine haben einen Schmelzpunkt über 6o°.
Ein bevorzugtes Paraffin, aus welchem Emulsionen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung hergestellt werden können, ist ein hartes, hochsdhmelzendes Kohlenwasserstoffwachs, welches durch b oder c in Pig. I dargestellt wird und folgende Eigenschaften aufweist':
Schmel'zpunkt . .'. .,";....... '84° Brechungsindex bei 32,5° .. . 1,4383
Dichte (2o/4°) . .. .. .; 0,9350 g/ccm
Viskosität-(Sayböit-Sek./99°) "70,6 Nadelpenetratiori bei 35° .... 1 Gerialt an normalem Paraffin- mindestens kohlenwassefstoff ..".. 80 Gewichtsprozent
Zwecks Bildung der neuen Emulsion im Sinne der Erfindung können sowohl das primäre mikrokristalline Paraffin α mit einem Schmelzpunkt über ° als auch das plastische mikrokristäl'iine Paraffin d und e als" auch das aus dem primären mikrokristallinen Paraffin gewonnene hochschmelzende Paraffin d und c als auch Fraktionen und Gemische
derselben verwendet werden. Es muß jedoch bemerkt werden, daß bei Verwendung des plastischen mikrokristallinen Paraffins dieses mit dem horihschmelzenden Paraffin in solchen Mengenverhältnissen vermischt werden muß, daß das Gemisch einen Schmelzpunkt von mindestens yi° und ein durchschnittliches Molgewicht über 475 besitzt und daß es überwiegend aus geradkettigen Paraffinen besteht.
ίο Die Paraffine aus den Destillationsrückständen und ihre Mischungen, weiche überwiegend aus geradkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen bestehen, können gewünschtenfalls mit üblichen Mitteln halogeniert werden, vorzugsweise bis das Paraffin einen Halogengehalt von 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent aufweist, und insbesondere so, daß das Paraffin einen Halogengelhalt von 25 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent besitzt. Die entstehenden halogenieren, vorzugsweise chlorierten Paraffine sind in Metallbearbeitungsschmieremulsionen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung ebenfalls wirksam. Das Paraffin kann auch in solcher Weise halogeniert werden, daß es verschiedene Halogenatome im Molekül· enthält, z. B. Chlor und Fluor. Geeignete Vorschriften zur Halogenierung sind unter anderem in den USA.-Patentschriften 2 186 916, 2 340 968, 2 372 414, 2 370 787 und 2 403 179 beschrieben.
Als spezielle Produkte, die im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung mit Vorteil verwendet werden können, werden !genannt:
1. Primäres mikrokristallines Paraffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 71 bis 740 und bzw. oder ein chloriertes Derivat hiervon (20 bis 60 % Cl);
2. Hartparaffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 82 bis 910 und bzw. oder ein chloriertes Derivat hiervon (20 bis 60% Cl), z.B. ein Gemisch aus chloriertem und nicht chloriertem Paraffin im Gewichtsverhäknis ί : 10;
3. primäres mikrokristallines Paraffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 71 bis 740 und bzw. oder ein fluoriertes Derivat hiervon (20 bis 60% F), z.B. ein Gemisch aus fluoriertem und nicht fluoriertem Paraffin im Gewiditsverhältnis 1 :io;
4. Hartparaffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 82 bis 91 ° und bzw. oder ein fluoriertes Derivat hiervon (20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent F);
5. ein Gemisch aus primärem, mikrokristallinem Paraffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 71 bis 740 und einem chlorierten und fluorierten Derivat hiervon mit einem Halogengehalt von 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent, wobei der Chlorgehalt mindestens 80% des gesamten Halbgengehalts in dem halogenierten Paraffin ausmacht;
6. ein Gemisch aus primärem mikrokristallinem Paraffin und einem chlorierten und fluorierten Derivat eines Hartparaffins mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 82 bis 910, wobei das Halogenderungsprodukt 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent Halogen enthält und der Chlorgehalt mindestens 80 %> des gesamten Halbgengehalts des halogenieren Paraffins ausmacht;
7. ein Gemisch aus 60 bis 80 Gewichtsprozent Hartparaffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 82 bis 910 und 40 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent eines plastischen mikrokristallinen Paraffins mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 60 bis 630 und bzw. oder einem chlorierten Wachsgemisch hieraus, welches 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent Chlor enthält;
8. ein Gemisch aus 60 bis 80 Gewichtsprozent Hartparaffin mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 82 bis 910 und 40 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent eines plastischen mikrokristallinen Paraffins mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 60 bis 63 ° und bzw. oder einem fluorierten Gemisch hieraus, welches 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent F enthält.
Das für die Emulsionen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung geeignete Netzmittel muß sauren Charakter haben, d. h. Anionen bilden, und muß so ausgewählt werden, daß es nicht nur die Bildung eines glatten Oberflächenüberzugs aus dem Paraffin auf der Metall- So oberfläche fördert, sondern dem Paraffin auch stark verbesserte Schmiereigenschaften verleiht und die Filmfestigkeit erhöht. Beispiele von geeigneten Netzmitteln sind hochmolekulare Fettsäuren, alkyl- oder alkylensubstituierte Polycarbonsäuren, in welchen die Carbonsäurereste vorzugsweise an benachbarte Kohlenstoffatome gebunden oder nicht durch mehr als etwa 4 Atome getrennt sind, und Teilester, Teilamide oder Teilsalze der genannten Polycarbonsäuren; organisch-anorganische Verbindüngen, welche anorganische Säurereste enthalten, wie Sulfonsäuren Phosphorsäure-, Phosphonsäure- und Phosphinsäurereste, sowie Teilester der genannten Säuren. Die Stoffe müssen öllöslich sein; als Beispiele können die folgenden Verbindungen dienen:
A. Hochmolekulare Fettsäuren
1. Gesättigte Säuren: Capron-, Undecyl-, Laurin-, Myristin-, Palmitin-, Stearin-, Arachin-, Lignocerin- und Montansäure;
2. ungesättigte Säuren: Öl-, Linol-, Eruca-, Linolen-, Brassidin- und Elaidinsäure;
3. substituierte Fettsäuren: Ricinol-, 12-Oxy-Stearin-, Mercaptoolein-, a-Phosphonstearin- und a-Cyanstearinsäure.
B. Polycarbonsäuren und Derivate von diesen
110
1. C4- bis C18-Alkenyl- und Alky!bernsteinsäure, C4- bis Cjg-Allcylmalonsäure, C4- bis C18-Alkyladdpinsäure, C4- bis C^-Alkylweinsäure, C4- bis C18-AlkylzitiOnensäure ;
2. Teilester von Polycarbonsäuren: C4- bis C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäuremonobutylester, Octadecenylbernsteinsäuremonolaurylester, Weinsäuremonocety tester;
3. Teilester anorganischer Säuren: Dilaurylphosphat, Distearylphosphat, Lauirylcresylphosphat, Dioleylphosphat, Monooleylphosphat, Dilaurylthiophosphat, Dilaurylphosphit, Dibenzylphosphat, Ricinusölfettsäureester der phosphor igen Säure, Monolaurylester und Monooleylester der Methylp'hosphonsäure, Monooleyl- bzw. der Methylthiophosphonsäure;
4· S tear insäureester von Pheriolsulfonsäure sailfoniertes Ricinusöl oder Ricinusölsiäuire-Sulfat:
5. Amide: Monolaurylamid von C4- bis C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure, Monostearylamid der Weinsäure;
6. Teilsal'ze von Polycarbonsäuren: Mononatriumsalz von C4- bis Qg-AlkenvlberELsteimsäureti, Monokalktmsalz von C4- bis Cjg-Alkenylbernsteinsäuren.
Zusätzlich zu den vorstehend genannten Netzmitteln können in Emulsionen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung beliebige andere sauer wirkende Netzmittel verwendet werden; insbesondere wenn solche Emulsionen zur Behandlung und Bearbeitung von positiv geladenen Flächen, wie dhromfreien Stählen, verwendet werden. In solchen Fällen wirken diese sauer reagierenden Stoffe nicht nur als Netzmittel, sondern verleihen den erfindungsgemäßen Emul-• sionen auch schmierende Wirkung. Die Netzmittel werden den Emulsionen gemäß Erfindung im allgemeinen in Mengen von 0,1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent und vorzugsweise von 0,5 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent zugesetzt.
Obwohl eine große Zahl von Emulgiermitteln, wie' Seifen, Sulfonate u. dgl·., zur Bildung von Paraffinemulsionen nach vorliegender Erfindung mit Erfolg verwendet werden können, sind bevorzugte Emulgiermittel solche, die Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen bilden, wie organische Ester mehrwertiger Alkohole mit Monocarbonsäuren, welche eine oder mehrere nicht veresterte alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen enthalten.
Der Teilester kann aus Glycerin, Erythrit, Pentaerythrit, Mannit, Sorbit, Sorbitan und einer Säure, die mindestens 10 und vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 10 und 40 Kohlenstoff atome in Form eines aliphatischen oder cycloaHphatischen Restes aufweist, gebildet sein. Geeignete Säuren sind Capron-, Laurin-, Myristin-, Palmitin-, öl1-, Stearinsäure, Harz- oder Tallölsäuren sowie Naphthensäuren, welche die erforderliche Zahl1 von Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen. Beispiele von Estern sind Glycerinmono- und -dioleat, Glycerinmono- und -distearat, Sorbitanmonodi- und -trioleat, Sorbitanmono-, -di- und -tristearat, Glycerinmono- und -diricinoleat, Mannitanmonolaureat, Mannitantnonooleat, Pentaerythritmonooleat, Pentaerythritmonostearat, Glycerinmonoester von Sojabohnenfettsäuren, Pentaerytihritmonocarpylat, Teilester von Glycol und Laurin-, Öl-, Ricinol· oder Stearinsäure usw. Diese Ester können durch Hydrierung oder Äthylenoxydkondensation gewünschtenfalls modifiziert werden. Beispiele solcher modifizierten Ester sind die Kondenisationsprodukte von Äthylenoxyd mit den Teilestern von Glykol und Laurin-, Öl-, Ricinol-oder Stearinsäure undPolyoxyärhylensorbitanmonostearat. Die Menge des Teilesters, welche in Zusammensetzungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung verwendbar ist, kann zwischen 1 und etwa 25 Gewichtsprozent und vorzugsweise zwischen etwa 5 und 20 Gewichtsprozent schwanken.
'Die allgemeine Zusammensetzung von Paraffinemulsionen im Sinne der Erfindung ist folgende:
Weites Beschränktes
Gebiet Gebiet
Gewichts Gewichts
prozent prozent
Hauptzusatzstoffe:
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
und bzw. oder ein halo-
geniertes Derivat hiervon 3 bis 50 5 bis 40
Netzmittel (organische
saure Verbindung, z. B.
Dilaurylphosphat, Öl
säure usw.) 0,1 bis 10 0,5 bis 5
Emulgiermittel (Teilester,
z. B, Sorbitanmonostearat
und Äthylenoxydderivat
hiervon) ι bis 25 5 bis 20
Wahlweise Zusätze:
Füllstoffe (Graphit,
Molybdändisulfid,
Seife usw.)
Hochdruckzusatzstoffe
(sulfurierteundbzw. oder
sulfurierte-phosphorierte
organische Verbindungen)
öligkeit verbessernde
Mittel (Lanolin; Degras
usw.)
Wasser oder wäßrige Base
Weites Gebiet Gewichtsprozent
ι bis 25
0,01 bis 5
0,5 bis 10 Rest
Beschränktes
Gebiet
Gewichts- 85 prozent
IO bis 15
0,1 bis ι
ι bis 5 Rest
Bevorzugt verwendete Zusammensetzungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung werden durch die folgenden Beispiele erläutert: 105
Beispiel 1
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
(Schmelzpunkt 82 bis 85 °) ...
Sorbitanmonostearat
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonostearat ."...,
Dilaurylphosphat ,
Wasser ,
Beispiel 2
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
(Schmelzpunkt 71 bis 740) ..
Sorbitanmonooleat ...........
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonostearat _ ,
ölsäure
Wasser
Gewichtsprozent
33 4
4 i,5 57.5
30
2 56
Beispiel 3
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
(Schmelzpunkt 82 bis 85°) ...
Sorbitanmonostearat
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonostearat
Ölsäure
Wasser
Beispiel 4
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
(Schmelzpunkt 82 bis 85 °) ...
Chloriertes hochschmelzendes
Paraffin (Schmelzpunkt des Paraffins 82 bis 85°; 40% Cl) .. .
Sorbitanmonostearat
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonostearat
Dioleylphosphat
Wasser
Beispiel 5
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin
(Schmelzpunkt 71 bis 740) . ..
Pentaerythritmonooleat
Phosphorsäureester von Ricinusölfettsäure
Wasser
Beispiel 6
Hochschmelzendes geradkettiges
Paraffin (82 bis 85 °)
Triäthanolamin
Ölsäure
Wasser
Gewichtsprozent
30 2.
2 62
4 4
4 2
50
30 2
4 64
20 2 6
72
Die folgende Tabelle enthält weitere Beispiele von Zusammensetzungen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung. Jede Komponente in dieser Tabelle kann in den bereits angegebenen Mengen vorhanden sein. Die Emulsionen können mit irgendwelchen geeigneten Mitteln hergestellt werden, z. B. durch Erhitzen des Paraffins und bzw. oder seines halogenierten Derivates über seinen Schmelzpunkt, Zusetzen des Emulgators und des Anionen bildenden Netzmittels und Erhitzen des Gemisches unter ständigem Rühren. Die erforderliche Wassermenge wird unter dauerndem Rühren zugesetzt und das Gemisch auf Zimmertemperatur abgekühlt. Anstatt den Emulgator dem geschmolzenen Paraffin zuzusetzen, kann man ihn mit dem Wasser vermischen und auf diese Weise dem Paraffin einverleiben. Das Produkt ist leicht dispergierbar in Wasser und anderen wäßrigen Flüssigkeiten, und man kann vorzügliche Metallbearbeitungsmittel erhalten, wenn die Ausgangsemulsion mit Wasser im Verhältnis von 1:1 bis 1:10 verdünnt wird. Emulsionen gemäß der Erfindung können modifiziert werden duch Zugabe von Metallsalicylaten, -oleaten, Salzen anorganischer Säuren, z. B. von Metallphosphaten, -sulfonaten, anderen anorganischen Verbindungen, wie Molybdänsulfid, Zink-
Komponenten
Gemisch**)
9 [
Hochschmelzendes Paraffin (Schmelzpunkt 82 bis 85°)
Hochschmelzendes . Paraffin (Schmelzpunkt 71 bis 740)
Chloriertes hochschmelzendes Paraffin (Schmelzpunkt 82 bis 85°; 20 bis 40% Cl)*) x
Dilaurylphosphat
Dioleylthiophosphat.. χ χ
Sulfoniertes Ricinusöl
Gemisch aus
C4- bis C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure χ
Monolaurylamid von C4- bis C18-Alkenylbernsteinsäure
Ölsäure x
Sorbitanmonooleat ... χ χ
Sorbitanmonostearat χ
Glycohnonostearat ... Mannitolmonooleat...
Polyäthylenoxydderivat von Sorbitanmonostearat
Polyäthylenoxydderivat von Mannitolmonolaureat
Graphit
Molybdändisulfid
Na-Petroleumsulfonat
Wasser x x x
*) In allen Fällen, in welchen das chlorierte Paraffin in Verbindung mit dem nicht chlorierten Paraffin verwendet wird, beträgt die Menge des chlorierten Paraffins nicht mehr als ein Drittel des Paraffingemisches.
**) Alle in der Tabelle angegebenen Zusammensetzungen und Beispiele können mit 1 bis 10 Teilen Wasser verdünnt werden; vorzugsweise werden die Gemische aber unverdünnt verwendet.
oxyd, Alkali-(Na- oder Li-) Nitriten, fetten Ölen, z. B. Specköl, Palmöl, Ricinusöl, Talg, Lanolin und Fraktionen aus solchen Stoffen.

Claims (4)

  1. Patentansprüche;
    i. Wäßrige Emulsion, insbesondere zur Verwendung bei der Metallbearbeitung, dadurch ' gekennzeichnet, daß sie ein aus einem Mineralölrückstand gewonnenes Paraffin mit einem
    χ
    χ 105
    Schmelzpunkt von mindestens 71°, vorzugsweise 82 bis 90°, sowie einem durchschnittlichen Molekulargewicht über 475, vorzugsweise von 525 bis iooo, welches überwiegend, vorzugsweise zu mindestens 80%, aus geradkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen besteht, und bzw. oder ein halogeniertes, insbesondere chloriertes Derivat eines solchen Paraffine mit einem Halogengehalt von 20 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent enthält.
  2. 2. Wäßrige Emulisibn nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtmenge des Paraffins und bzw. oder seines halogenierten Derivates 3 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent der -Emulsion beträgt.
  3. 3. Wäßrige Emulsion nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie 0,1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent eines organischen, ölTöslichen, sauer reagierenden Netz mittels., wie eine hochmolekulare Fettsäure, z. B. ölsäure, oder ein saures Phosphat, z. B. Dilaurylphosphat, enthält.
  4. 4. Wäßrige Emulsion nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie 1 bis 25 Gewichtsprozent eines· Emulgators, z. B. eines Teilesters eines mehrwertigen Alkohols mit einer Monocarbonsäure, z. B. Sorbitanmonool'eat oder -stearat. und bzw. oder deren Polyäthylenoxydderivate, enthält.
    Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
    © 509516 6.55
DEN3952A 1950-05-24 1951-05-26 Waessrige Emulsion, insbesondere fuer die Metallbearbeitung Expired DE929208C (de)

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DE1052615B (de) * 1957-06-07 1959-03-12 Bataafsche Petroleum Emulsionskonzentrat vom OEl-in-Wasser-Typ fuer die Metallbearbeitung
DE1062863B (de) * 1956-08-13 1959-08-06 Bataafsche Petroleum Schmiermittel zur Metallbearbeitung
DE1123422B (de) * 1959-08-19 1962-02-08 Shell Int Research Schmiermittelkonzentrat und OEl-in-Wasser-Emulsion fuer die Metallbearbeitung
DE1149481B (de) * 1959-07-16 1963-05-30 Maurice D Curwen Ltd Kaltverformung von Metallen und Metallegierungen unter Verwendung eines Schmiermittels
DE1794240A1 (de) * 1968-06-05 1971-10-14 Quaker Chem Corp Mechanische Bearbeitung von verformbaren Metallen

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DE1062863B (de) * 1956-08-13 1959-08-06 Bataafsche Petroleum Schmiermittel zur Metallbearbeitung
DE1052615B (de) * 1957-06-07 1959-03-12 Bataafsche Petroleum Emulsionskonzentrat vom OEl-in-Wasser-Typ fuer die Metallbearbeitung
DE1149481B (de) * 1959-07-16 1963-05-30 Maurice D Curwen Ltd Kaltverformung von Metallen und Metallegierungen unter Verwendung eines Schmiermittels
DE1123422B (de) * 1959-08-19 1962-02-08 Shell Int Research Schmiermittelkonzentrat und OEl-in-Wasser-Emulsion fuer die Metallbearbeitung
DE1794240A1 (de) * 1968-06-05 1971-10-14 Quaker Chem Corp Mechanische Bearbeitung von verformbaren Metallen

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BE503494A (de)
GB694004A (en) 1953-07-08

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