DE69637037T2

DE69637037T2 - Plastic pipes

Info

Publication number: DE69637037T2
Application number: DE69637037T
Authority: DE
Inventors: Mikael Andersson; David Charles Harget; Eino Matias Holso; Jyri Jaakko Jarvenkyla
Original assignee: Uponor Ltd UK
Current assignee: Radius Systems Ltd
Priority date: 1995-01-18
Filing date: 1996-01-17
Publication date: 2007-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 2016-01-18
Also published as: EP0804699B1; JPH10512656A; ES2284104T3; GB9814966D0; EP1321703A2; GB2297138A; NO973309L; HU9702402A3; PT1593896E; GB2297137A; DE69634787T3; EP1321703B1; ES2242922T3; FI973028A0; DE804699T1; DE69629013T3; FI119447B1; CZ226897A3; DE69634787T2; FI119447B

Description

These Invention relates to plastic pipes and in particular a novel Embodiment of a plastic pipe, a method for manufacturing the plastic pipe and a method of making connections in such a plastic pipe.
at the handling, installation and connection of plastic pipes it can easily happen that the pipe surface is damaged. For example, modern pipe installation techniques become a tunnel for the Pipe drilled in the ground, and then the pipe goes through the tunnel pushed or pulled, e.g. into a welled hole in the the next Pipe connection is made.
at This pipe laying process can make the pipe considerably Bending, tensile and frictional contact forces be exposed. This is disadvantageous since bending and stretching of the Pipe and an on-pipe abrasion deterioration of his mechanical strength can cause. In addition, the service life of the pipe due to existing in the soil diffusible Materials or by environmental factors.
It It is obvious that the pipe laying process can also lead to that the pipe gets scratched and gets dirty. This is first, therefore disadvantageous, since the pipe material may be prone to cracking, wherein in this case any scratches the occurrence of even greater damage while may cause subsequent handling or use. Secondly Dirt on the pipe prevents successful welding. A currently commonplace Technology for connecting plastic pipes consists in electrical welding and in particular electrofusion welding by means of an electrofusion coupler. The main reason for the failure of compounds when using an electrofusion coupler is that the surface the pipe is dirty or has undergone oxidation. For this Reason must be Pipe ends are always cleaned and sanded or scraped off, e.g. with emery paper or a metal scraper before joining each other get connected. In practice, the cleaning or sanding or cockroaches often performed unevenly (in particular the bottom of the pipe can be treated less carefully), and the quality depends on the final result from the professional skill of the installer.
to Elimination of the above Disadvantages were submitted to various proposals.
In the European Patent Application No. 0474583 is a plastic pipe intended for burial in the ground described, which has a gas or water-conducting core tube, which with an outer tube made of thermoplastic material which has a higher flexibility as the material of the core tube. The pipe is supposedly able to to withstand the massive mechanical stresses that it sustains during the direct laying in the ground is exposed. It is mentioned that it is very easy, the outer tube near the ends of the pipe to remove when the two pipe sections by welding to be connected to each other. It is also stated that an emergence of cracks caused by damage to the protective tube caused, does not spread to the core tube, but stops when the hose has been penetrated.
In PCT / FI92 / 00201 is a plastic pipe used to form pipe joints described, which is characterized in that the tube with a Plastic surface layer which is easily removable at least at the ends of the tube is to the required to form the connection surface of the pipe expose. The protective coating may contain a UV stabilizer and can be applied by coextrusion through a crosshead extrusion die become. There are described different ways by which the Protective coating can be easily removed from the core tube; count to these the use of filling materials in the coating, the choice of chemically different plastic materials for the coating and the tube, extruding the coating at low temperatures and introducing anti-adhesion Agents.
European Patent Application No. 0604907 describes a two-layered plastic pipe comprising a core pipe whose material, size and structure substantially satisfy the requirements imposed by the material to be transported, and an outer hose which is wound around the core pipe by a suitable coating method is arranged, wherein the properties of the outer tube substantially meet the requirements of the environment and the laying process requirements. The rigidity of the outer tube, which is based on its material properties and the configuration of the outer tube, is higher than the rigidity of the core made of the same amount of material tube, and the outer tube is removable at least at the ends of the tube. The outer tube is in turn applied by co-extrusion by means of a crosshead extrusion nozzle. The protective outer tube is formed so that it is easily removable at least at the tube ends and has only a weak adhesion to these.
The Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-24392 describes an electrofusion tube characterized is that there is a tubular body, which consists of a thermoplastic resin, and an outer surface of the tubular body Covering protective layer, which consists of an incompatible resin consists. The pipe body can be a tubular crosslinked thermoplastic resin layer, a non-crosslinked thermoplastic Resin layer, one-piece on the outside of this thermoplastic Resin layer is formed, and one of an incompatible resin existing protective layer, which the outer side surface of tubular body covered.
The The present invention provides a plastic tube with an inner part and an outer protective layer, an improved combination of mechanical and physical Features offers.
It has now become one Aspect of the invention that the relative dimensions of the Plastic tube and the thickness of the outer protective layer a large extent Impact on performance of the pipe. Furthermore, it has been proven that firstly the achievement an advantageous combination of mechanical strength, the to withstand the harsh conditions involved in laying the pipe sufficient environmental protection, and moreover a suitable level deductibility require a certain choice of mechanical properties and dimensions.
Thus, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plastic tube having an inner portion and an outer protective layer which is peelable from the inner portion to expose a surface of the inner portion, the plastic tube being characterized in that:
the outer protective layer is bonded to the inner part;
the dimensions of the tube and the protective layer are such that the ratio of the outer diameter of the tube to the thickness of the protective layer is at least 70 and preferably at least 100;
the cohesive force of the outer protective layer excluding any weakened areas at least at the ends of the tube is greater than the peel force of the adhesive bonding between the outer protective layer and the inner part; and
the peel force of the adhesive bonding between the inner member and the outer protective layer is insufficient to allow a crack formed due to impact in the outer protective layer to spread to the inner member, thereby reducing the measured impact resistance of the plastic pipe, thereby measuring the impact resistance; by subjecting the plastic pipe to a H50 drop impact test according to EN1411 (1996) at a temperature of 0 ° C.
According to one Second aspect of the invention has also been found that the measure of Adhesion between the inner part and the outer protective layer also has a massive impact on the performance of the pipe. If the adhesion is too strong or too weak, the mechanical properties can of the pipe and in particular the impact resistance possibly impaired become.
The adhesive Bonding preferably has relatively low withdrawal and relatively high Shearing properties on. Preferably, the adhesion is between the outer protective layer and the inner part in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 N / mm width when measured by a half pull pull test as described below.
Even though it possible may be an attachment in the preferred range between the protective layer and the inner part by using a crosshead extrusion method to achieve, in which the protective layer above the solidified inner part was extruded, we found that consistently improved Results are achieved by means of a double extrusion in which Both components are extruded and brought together before a substantial oxidation of the outer surface of the inner part took place Has.
Thus, another aspect of the invention is a method of manufacturing a plastic tube having an inner portion and an outer protective layer peelable from the inner portion to expose a surface of the inner portion, the method being characterized by coextruding molten plastic materials comprising the inner portion and form the outer protective layer, from an extruder Auslassvorrich device, bringing the molten plastic materials while still warm and Küh letting the plastic materials so that upon cooling, the outer protective layer is bonded to the inner part but can be peeled off from it at least at the ends of the tube to expose a surface of the inner part suitable for electrofusion welding and the peel force of the adhesive bonding between the internal part and the outer protective layer are insufficient to allow a crack formed due to an impact in the outer protective layer to spread to the inner part, thereby reducing the measured impact resistance of the plastic pipe, the impact resistance being measured by placing the plastic pipe in a H50 Fall impact test according to EN1411 (1996) at a temperature of 0 ° C is exposed.
According to one In another aspect, the invention further relates to a method for Making a connection in a plastic pipe according to the invention, or for connecting two plastic pipes according to the invention, wherein the Method comprises the following steps: Removing the outer protective layer from the area or areas to be connected of the pipe or pipes for exposing a surface of an inner part for electrofusion welding, installing an electrofusion connection device over the exposed area or the exposed areas of the pipe or pipes, and activating the electrofusion connection device for melting the region or the areas to the exposed area.
The Plastic tubing may be any suitable thermoplastic polymer material and the most suitable thermoplastic polymer materials counting for example, olefinically unsaturated Polymers and copolymers, e.g. Polyolefins such as polyethylene, Polypropylene and polybutene, ethylene and propylene copolymers, e.g. Ethylene vinyl acetate polymers and propylene vinyl acetate polymers, halogenated Vinyl polymers such as e.g. Vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers, polyamides, e.g. Nylon 6 and nylon 66, and ionomeric polymers such as e.g. Surlyn.
Of the Inner part of the tube is chosen such that it with the relevant Use case and in particular with the transported through the pipe Material is compatible. In numerous applications is Polyethylene is the preferred material for the inner part. The degree of the chosen Polyethylene, i. high density, medium density, low density or linear low density, depends from the particular use case. At the appropriate grades polyethylene is e.g. around Statoil 930 (of course), Neste NCPE 2600 (of course) and Neste NCPE 2467 BL and NCPE 2418. Of course you can any suitable equivalent Degree of polyethylene can be used.
One Advantage of the plastic pipes of the present invention is that the normal UV stabilizer and dye package in the plastic material the inner part need not be included, provided that that sufficient quantities on these materials in the outer protective layer are included. This makes possible, that the inner part is natural Contains polymer material, which is free or substantially free of additives, which the costs for increase the material of the inner part and under certain circumstances the mechanical or physical properties of the material of the affect the inner part can.
The outer protective layer preferably comprises a polymer material or a mixture of polymeric materials with good mechanical and physical properties, together with an ability for receiving sufficient quantities of stabilizing material, especially UV stabilizers to protect the inner part. To the preferred polymeric materials for the outer protective layer include propylene homound Copolymers and in particular propylene copolymers such as e.g. Neste SA 4020G. In appropriate circumstances can also other polymer materials with suitable mechanical and physical Properties are used, e.g. Nylon materials and Surlyn.
To the suitable stabilizing materials include e.g. Titanium dioxide, carbon Black and other fillers. Although carbon black is an excellent UV stabilizer and an excellent reinforcement filler is, buried pipes are often color-coded, and its use is therefore not possible in numerous applications. Consequently Titanium dioxide is used as filler and UV stabilizer most preferred, as it also with numerous Dye packages is compatible. There may also be other filling materials can be used, e.g. Lime and talcum and those in the European Patent Application No. 0604907 mentioned are. The preferred filler particle size depends on the filling material used but it is e.g. for titanium dioxide, the average particle size range preferably 0.003 to 0.025 microns.
A particularly preferred plastic pipe according to the present invention comprises an inner part of polyethylene and an outer protective layer of a propylene copolymer. The tube may, of course, comprise more than two layers of polymeric material, and it is any suitable multilayer pipes, provided that at least one inner part and one protective outer layer are present. The tube may, for example, have a multilayered inner part and a protective outer layer.
Even though the thickness of the outer protective layer be big enough needs to get the appropriate amount of UV stabilizers and dyes to absorb that to protect the inner part and also to provide the appropriate identification necessary, it has been found that in case of too thick protective layer the outer layer becomes too stiff and the impact resistance of the tube is unexpectedly reduced becomes.
Without to attach to a particular theory To want, it is believed that the impact resistance of plastic pipes of the invention in part with the adhesion between the inner part and the outer protective layer related. If the adhesion is too low, the outer protective layer behaves like a relatively thin one structural tube and is thus prone to damage by impact. If the attachment is too big, Cracks due to breakage of the outer layer tend to occur to expand to the inner part. Ideally should Therefore, the adhesion between the outer protective layer and the inner part to be sufficient in that, if the outer part is broken and a crack has arisen, the crack at the border area between the outer layer and the inner part is stopped.
Preferably has the outer protective layer a thickness of more than 0.1 mm, and more preferably more than 0.2 mm, and more preferably the thickness is in the range of 0.3-0.5 mm.
The Dimensions of the tube and the protective layer are provided in such a way that the ratio the outer diameter of the tube to the thickness of the protective layer at least 70 and preferably at least 100. It can be seen that the possibility of using a thicker protective layer on a larger diameter pipe, although for the sake of ease of peeling, the thickness is preferably kept to a minimum.
Examples of suitable tube outside diameters and thickness measurements of the outer protective layer are as follows:
Preferably the dimensions of the tube and the protective layer are provided in such a way, that the ratio of the outside diameter of the pipe to the thickness of the protective layer (standard dimension ratio - standard dimension ratio SDR) is in the range of 150 to 400.
At the Stripping the outer protective layer from the ends of the tube is important that the cohesive strength of the outer protective layer is larger as the strength the adhesive Bonding between the outer protective layer and the inner part. The reason is that prevents should be that any particles belonging to the outer protective layer with significant size at the Outside surface of the adhere to the inner part and impair the connection process, e.g. when an electrofusion coupler is used. Preferably the arrangement is designed such that the outer protective layer during stripping no residue on the outer surface of the inner part leaves behind. As a general rule is the cohesive force the outer protective layer preferably at least 5 MPa, more preferably it is in the Range from 5 MPa to 10 MPa.
Independently of can the outer protective layer with weakening lines be provided to assist the peeling, with the lines of weakness by notching or preferably by appropriate shaping of extrusion die or by local cooling the nozzle are formed, such. described in PCT / F192 / 00201.
To further assist in peeling off the outer protective layer, the extrusion conditions may be designed such that the strength properties of the outer protective layer in the radial and the axial direction.
As already mentioned, the adhesion between the outer protective layer and the inner part is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 N / mm width as measured by a half pull pull test. A suitable test is described below:
A test specimen of a pipe was prepared by cutting two parallel axial grooves 50 mm through the entire surface layer and extending these grooves by another 50 mm with a depth such that 0.3 mm of the surface layer was left. A further 20mm length of the specimen was allowed before vertical alignment using the load cell.
Of the tear test gets in a Instron from the Model 1197 at a speed of 100 mm per minute. The tube is placed so that the start of the tearing on the Beginning of the notch depth 120 mm from the center of the load cell is and the distance from the start of the tear to the attachment point the load cell is 750 mm. The result is that the greatest tear angle is achieved while on that part of the pipe is pulled, in which a notch through the surface layer runs.
It may be possible although not currently preferred, it may be an adhesive layer between the inner part and the outer protective layer, the adhesive layer have the appropriate adhesive properties. If an adhesive material is used, this should preferably have a high cohesive strength, so that it leaves no residue, when it is stripped from the pipe, or - alternatively - if a remainder is left on the pipe, this should be the merger promote, instead of hindering them.
The Impact resistance of the plastic pipe of the invention is preferable comparable to the impact resistance of a plastic pipe same dimensions, completely from which is formed from the plastic material of the inner part. Preferably the impact strength at least 150 Nm when measured at 0 ° C by a H50 fall impact test according to EN1411 (1996), the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference is. Excellent impact resistance is achieved when used a plastic tube that has an inner part made of polyethylene and an outer protective layer of a propylene copolymer.
As already mentioned For example, the plastic pipe of the present invention is preferable produced by coextrusion, e.g. from an extruder outlet device, which is connected to a double-tube twin-screw extruder or connected to two individual extruders, the outlet device with two separate streams is fed from molten plastic material. Preferably become the melt streams brought together at the outlet device, i. the materials be merged in the pressure area of the outlet and occur as a single extrudate. Alternatively, the outlet device be provided with concentric outlet device outlets with the separate streams molten plastic material are fed to the inner Part and form the outer protective layer should. In this case, you can the extrudates leaving the extruder-outlet outlets in one Sizing outlet device, which at the same time the outer diameter of the tube, be brought into contact with each other. The Extrudates preferably come into contact with each other at one point brought close to the outlet device outlet end is to avoid any significant oxidation of the surface of the prevent internal part. For example, with extrudates, moving at a speed of 1 meter per minute, the sizing outlet device preferably not more than 15 cm from the extruder outlet device outlet end away.
Even though it under certain circumstances possible can be the extrudate of the inner part through a single sizing outlet device let pass before the outer protective layer this is not preferred since it has been found in that the sizing outlet device has an outer surface layer on the inner Part generated, the stronger susceptible for quality deterioration is, possibly due to induced Shear orientation or scoring in the outer surface, which touches the sizing outlet device.
The Temperature of the extrudates depends from the nature of the polymeric material, but is for example when using an inner part of polyethylene and an outer protective layer from copolymer the temperature of the extrudate at the outlet device outlet end 180 to 220 ° C. Preferably the temperature of the extrudates when they are brought together at least 150 ° C, more preferably 180 to 220 ° C.
With the method of the invention consistent an inner part and an outer protective layer with a Adhesion can be generated in the preferred range, and by suitable Choice of the material of the outer protective layer can be achieved that the outer protective layer is removable from the inner part, without any essential Rest on the surface of the inner part. If necessary you can the physical properties of the outer protective layer by adding a or more filler materials and other additives. A preferred polymer material for the outer protective layer e.g. Polypropylene copolymer depending on the total weight of the Composition 1 to 6% by weight of a filler such as e.g. Titanium dioxide contains. Preferably, the outer protective layer a tensile strength of 15 to 25 MPa.
As a general rule we found out that it is preferable to the procedure the invention no low molecular weight additives such as e.g. To use processing aids. Stearates, however, e.g. calcium stearate, have proven to be effective in use as a processing aid proven without the adhesion between the inner part and the protective layer significantly affect.
antioxidants can be included in the formulation of the protective layer as desired. If it is appropriate can they are omitted from the formulation of the inner part, provided that that appropriate amounts in the outer protective layer are included.
The Invention is illustrated by the following example:
EXAMPLE
It were several formulations for the inner part and the outer protective layer with compositions according to table 1 formed. The formulations were made by a major extruder and a smaller additional Extruder extruded with concentric outlet feeder. The melt streams were before leaving the hot Outlet devices mixed. In one test, the extrudate, the had a diameter of 80 mm through a sizing outlet device with a diameter of 66.8 mm moved to a double-layered Tube with an outer diameter of 63.8 mm, a thickness of the outer protective layer of 0.3 mm and a thickness of the inner part of 6.2 mm. Another test was a double-layered tube with an outside diameter extruded from 40 mm.
rehearse of tubes with an OD of 40 mm were already described Subjected to half-pull pull test, and the results are in Table 2 listed. Table 3 show similar Results for samples that are not removed at room temperature and were therefore heat treated in an oven before they went through the deduction test. These examples are for comparative purposes listed.
rehearse the tube were also subjected to an aging test according to the weather resistance test according to ISO 4892 subjected. The test procedure is listed below. The Properties of the pipes after they are subjected to the aging test were found to be essentially undisturbed, which showed that the natural inner Part of that in the outer protective layer contained stabilizer package was effectively protected. The results are listed in Table 4.
Further Samples of the tubes were subjected to the H50 Impact Test according to EN 1411 (1996) subjected. The impact tests were carried out at 0 ° C and -20 ° C. The test was for a pipe as passed, if there is a measured impact strength of more than had 150 Nm.
Tube with an outer layer Polypropylene copolymer passed all impact tests and showed approximately the same behavior as uncoated polyethylene pipes same Diameter.
Tube with an outer layer polypropylene homopolymer showed reduced impact strength of 33 Nm at 0 °, compared with more than 150 nm for an equivalent uncoated Polyethylene pipe, and were deemed to have failed.
Further a 50/50 homopolymer and copolymer blend was tested. This Pipe passed the impact test at 0 ° C with impact strength greater than 150 nm, however, the results were the same at -20 ° C as in the polypropylene homopolymer.
Failure in the impact test was due to a type of cracking in which a crack occurred in the outer layer and spread to the tube. It is believed that the Ver These samples were said to have been impact tested by the adhesion between the outer layer and the inner part being too strong.

* Maximale Kraft beim Zugtest, jedoch kein Brechen

* Maximale Kraft beim Zugtest, jedoch kein Brechen.

* Maximum tensile strength, but no breaking

* Maximum tensile strength, but no breaking.

AGING IN POLYETHYLENE / POLYPROPYLENE TUBES
Weather resistance test according to ISO 4892
test object
61 pieces of polyethylene pipes 465 mm in length and 40 mm in diameter

9 pieces yellow pipes, marked - E100
9 pieces yellow pipes, marked - E102
9 pieces yellow pipes, marked - E103
9 pieces yellow pipes, marked - E104
8 pieces yellow pipes, marked - E106
8 pieces, white tubes, marked - E107
9 pieces, black / orange, yellow pipes, marked - EI08
test procedure
The polyethylene tubes were exposed for 65 Weather-ometer ® according to the rain cycle 102/18 in an Atlas Type.
The Temperature on a standard black thermometer was 63 ± 3 ° C, and the relative humidity was 50 ± 5%.
The Light source was filtered to reach a lower limit of 290 nm.
Irradiation was 61 ± 6 W / m 2 in the bandpass 280-400 nm. The exposure was complete after 250 hours, corresponding to 3 months of a light dose in the visible UV wavelength interval (280-800 nm) for London, England.
TABLE 4

Claims

Plastic pipe having an inner part and an outer protective layer which is peelable from the inner part to expose a surface of the inner part, characterized in that: the outer protective layer is bonded to the inner part; the dimensions of the tube and the protective layer are such that the ratio of the outer diameter of the tube to the thickness of the protective layer is at least 70 and preferably at least 100; the cohesive force of the outer protective layer excluding any weakened areas at least at the ends of the tube is greater than the peel force of the adhesive bonding between the outer protective layer and the inner part; and the peel force of the adhesive bonding between the inner part and the outer protective layer is insufficient to allow a crack formed due to impact in the outer protective layer to spread to the inner part, thereby reducing the measured impact resistance of the plastic pipe, thereby measuring the impact resistance by subjecting the plastic pipe to a H50 drop impact test according to EN1411 (1996) at a temperature of 0 ° C.
Plastic pipe according to claim 1, characterized that the plastic pipe has a resistance to impact of more than 150 Nm when measured by H50 drop impact test according to EN1411 (1996) at 0 ° C.
Plastic pipe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the inner part comprises polyethylene and the outer protective layer is a propylene copolymer having.
Plastic pipe according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tube is provided with a packing which has an antioxidant and / or a UV stabilizer, and that the pack in the outer protective layer is included.
Plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the outer protective layer has a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 mm.
Plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the ratio of the outside diameter of the tube to the thickness of the protective layer in the range of 150 to 400 lies.
Plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the cohesive force the outer protective layer when measured by a half pull pull test in the range of 5 MPa is up to 10 MPa.
Plastic pipe according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the outer protective layer has a tensile strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa.
Process for producing a plastic pipe with an inner part and an outer protective layer, the strippable from the inner part to expose a surface of the inner part, characterized by co-extruding molten plastic materials, the inner part and the outer protective layer from an extruder outlet device, bringing together the molten plastic materials while still warm and allowed to cool the plastic materials such that when cooling the outer protective layer to the inner part is bonded, but from him at least at the ends of the pipe can be deducted to expose a surface of the inner part, those for electrofusion welding is suitable, wherein the dimensions of the pipe and the protective layer such are the ratio the outside diameter of the Tube to the thickness of the protective layer at least 70 and preferably at least 100; the cohesive force the outer protective layer exclusively any areas of weakness at least at the ends of the tube is greater than the withdrawal force the adhesive Bonding between the outer protective layer and the inner part; and the peel force of the adhesive bond between the inner part and the outer protective layer is not enough to allow that one due to an impact in the outer protective layer formed crack spreads to the inner part and thereby the measured impact resistance of the plastic pipe is reduced, the Impact resistance is measured by testing the plastic pipe with a H50 drop impact test according to EN1411 (1996). at a temperature of 0 ° C is suspended.
Method for establishing a connection in a Plastic pipe according to a the claims 1 to 8, or for connecting two plastic pipes according to a the claims 1 to 8, with the following process steps: removal of the outer protective layer from the area or areas to be connected of the tube to expose a surface an inner part, wherein no residue remains on the surface, the an electrofusion welding would hinder Installing an electrofusion connection device over the cleared area or exposed areas of the pipe or of the tubes, and activating the electrofusion connection device to melt the area or areas to the exposed area.
Plastic pipe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the H50 Drop Weight Impact Test at a temperature of -20 ° C is performed.