DE60309653T2 - Vorrichtung zur herstellung von thermoplastischen vliesstoffen und verbundstoffen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur herstellung von thermoplastischen vliesstoffen und verbundstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE60309653T2 DE60309653T2 DE60309653T DE60309653T DE60309653T2 DE 60309653 T2 DE60309653 T2 DE 60309653T2 DE 60309653 T DE60309653 T DE 60309653T DE 60309653 T DE60309653 T DE 60309653T DE 60309653 T2 DE60309653 T2 DE 60309653T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- air
- machine direction
- collector
- flow
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title description 51
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 146
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 126
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 47
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012804 iterative process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US72550 | 2002-02-07 | ||
| US10/072,550 US6799957B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2002-02-07 | Forming system for the manufacture of thermoplastic nonwoven webs and laminates |
| PCT/US2003/003475 WO2003066941A2 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2003-02-05 | Forming system for the manufacture of thermoplastic nonwoven webs and laminates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE60309653D1 DE60309653D1 (de) | 2006-12-28 |
| DE60309653T2 true DE60309653T2 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
Family
ID=27659510
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE60309653T Expired - Lifetime DE60309653T2 (de) | 2002-02-07 | 2003-02-05 | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von thermoplastischen vliesstoffen und verbundstoffen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6799957B2 (https=) |
| EP (2) | EP1788135A3 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4291698B2 (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN1630740B (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2003210867A1 (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE60309653T2 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TW200400292A (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2003066941A2 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (36)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6499982B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-12-31 | Nordson Corporation | Air management system for the manufacture of nonwoven webs and laminates |
| JP4723808B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2011-07-13 | アルバニー インターナショナル コーポレイション | 不織ファブリックの高速スパンボンド生産 |
| US6799957B2 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2004-10-05 | Nordson Corporation | Forming system for the manufacture of thermoplastic nonwoven webs and laminates |
| US20050087900A1 (en) * | 2003-10-23 | 2005-04-28 | Nordson Corporation | Spundbonding spin pack characterized by uniform polymer distribution and method of use |
| US7172398B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2007-02-06 | Aktiengesellschaft Adolph Saurer | Stabilized filament drawing device for a meltspinning apparatus and meltspinning apparatus including such stabilized filament drawing devices |
| US7320581B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2008-01-22 | Aktiengesellschaft Adolph Saurer | Stabilized filament drawing device for a meltspinning apparatus |
| US20050130540A1 (en) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-16 | Nordson Corporation | Multicomponent spunbond filaments having a melt-processable superabsorbent polymer core |
| US20050197027A1 (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-08 | Nordson Corporation | Bloused spunbond laminate |
| US20060040008A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co. Kg Maschinenfabrik | Device for the continuous production of a nonwoven web |
| EP1871532B1 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2013-03-27 | PGI Polymer, Inc. | Process and apparatus for forming uniform nanofiber substrates |
| US7682554B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-03-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus to mechanically shape a composite structure |
| US7687012B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2010-03-30 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus to shape a composite structure without contact |
| EP1939334B1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-02-24 | FARE' S.p.A. | Apparatus and process for the production of a spunbond web |
| US8246898B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2012-08-21 | Conrad John H | Method and apparatus for enhanced fiber bundle dispersion with a divergent fiber draw unit |
| US7790264B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2010-09-07 | Aplix, Inc. | Loop material for loop and hook type fastener used in a disposable article or garment |
| CN102501388A (zh) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-06-20 | 成都彩虹环保科技有限公司 | 复合材料制造装置 |
| KR101326506B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-11-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 랜덤하고 벌키한 멜트블로운 섬유웹의 제조방법 및 그 제조장치 |
| US20140272359A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Nonwoven substrates |
| US20140259483A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Wipes with improved properties |
| US9205006B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent articles with nonwoven substrates having fibrils |
| US20140272223A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Packages for articles of commerce |
| EP2778270A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | Fibertex Personal Care A/S | Nonwoven substrates having fibrils |
| US9504610B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-11-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods for forming absorbent articles with nonwoven substrates |
| US9144955B2 (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2015-09-29 | Johns Manville | Blended thermoplastic and thermoset materials and methods |
| US10240257B2 (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2019-03-26 | Clarcor Inc. | Systems and methods for controlled laydown of materials in a fiber production system |
| DK3199672T3 (da) * | 2016-01-27 | 2019-09-02 | Reifenhaeuser Masch | Indretning og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af filterdug af endeløse filamenter |
| EP3199671B1 (de) * | 2016-01-27 | 2020-03-04 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Vorrichtung zur herstellung von spinnvliesen |
| JP7035325B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2022-03-15 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | シート製造装置、シート、及び、シート製造方法 |
| ES2751161T3 (es) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-03-30 | Reifenhaeuser Masch | Dispositivo para la fabricación de material tejido de filamentos continuos |
| TWI827634B (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2024-01-01 | 奧地利商蘭仁股份有限公司 | 用於從紡絲黏合織物之生產中的處理空氣分離溶劑之方法及裝置 |
| CN109629092B (zh) * | 2019-02-25 | 2024-04-19 | 兴鹿(海安)新材料有限公司 | 一种用于帘子布喷气织布机边处理装置 |
| JP7256066B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-23 | 2023-04-11 | Tmtマシナリー株式会社 | 溶融紡糸設備 |
| CN110373726B (zh) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-07-02 | 东华大学 | 一种应用于静电纺丝箱体的均匀分散气流缓冲机构 |
| CN212316388U (zh) * | 2020-02-13 | 2021-01-08 | 上海捷英途新材料科技有限公司 | 一种熔喷滤布的生产装置 |
| CN112609332B (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-09-12 | 滁州天鼎丰非织造布有限公司 | 一种成网下吸风接口装置及无纺布生产系统 |
| CN112285003B (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-13 | 浙江可康医疗科技有限公司 | 一种口罩熔喷布加工质检一体化系统 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2933152A (en) * | 1958-07-18 | 1960-04-19 | Arvell A Carpenter | Central vacuum cleaning unit |
| US3338992A (en) * | 1959-12-15 | 1967-08-29 | Du Pont | Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers |
| US3158668A (en) | 1960-12-19 | 1964-11-24 | Earl A N Johnson | Method and apparatus for mat forming |
| US3502763A (en) * | 1962-02-03 | 1970-03-24 | Freudenberg Carl Kg | Process of producing non-woven fabric fleece |
| GB1088931A (en) * | 1964-01-10 | 1967-10-25 | Ici Ltd | Continuous filament nonwoven materials |
| DE1435461C3 (de) * | 1964-02-22 | 1978-04-06 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Spinndüse zum Schmelzspinnen von Fadenscharen |
| DE1435466A1 (de) * | 1964-10-24 | 1969-03-20 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Faserprodukte |
| BE664693A (https=) * | 1965-06-01 | 1965-11-30 | ||
| DE1560800A1 (de) * | 1966-02-10 | 1971-01-07 | Lutravil Spinnvlies | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Mischvliesen durch Schmelzspinnen |
| US3341394A (en) * | 1966-12-21 | 1967-09-12 | Du Pont | Sheets of randomly distributed continuous filaments |
| US3542615A (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1970-11-24 | Monsanto Co | Process for producing a nylon non-woven fabric |
| DE1760713B2 (de) * | 1968-06-22 | 1973-07-05 | Vorrichtung zum herstellen eines wirrfaden-vlieses aus synthetischen faeden | |
| DE1785158C3 (de) * | 1968-08-17 | 1979-05-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Runddiise zum Abziehen und Ablegen von Fäden zu einem Fadenvlies |
| DE2048006B2 (de) * | 1969-10-01 | 1980-10-30 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn |
| DE1950669C3 (de) * | 1969-10-08 | 1982-05-13 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung |
| CA944913A (en) | 1970-04-01 | 1974-04-09 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for manufacturing continuous filaments from synthetic polymers |
| US3748693A (en) * | 1971-03-26 | 1973-07-31 | Georgia Pacific Corp | Apparatus for making nonwoven fibrous webs |
| JPS526381B2 (https=) | 1972-07-25 | 1977-02-22 | ||
| US4043739A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-08-23 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Distributor for thermoplastic extrusion die |
| US4064605A (en) * | 1975-08-28 | 1977-12-27 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Method for producing non-woven webs |
| US4340560A (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1982-07-20 | Timex Corporation | Method for making a rotor assembly |
| US4352649A (en) | 1980-03-20 | 1982-10-05 | Scan-Web I/S | Apparatus for producing a non-woven web from particles and/or fibers |
| US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1982-07-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
| US4405297A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1983-09-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus for forming nonwoven webs |
| US4353686A (en) | 1981-01-19 | 1982-10-12 | Formica Corporation | Apparatus for air-layer fibrous webs |
| DE3151294C2 (de) * | 1981-12-24 | 1986-01-23 | Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim | Polypropylen-Spinnvliesstoff mit niedrigem Fallkoeffizienten |
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| DE3713861A1 (de) * | 1987-04-25 | 1988-11-10 | Reifenhaeuser Masch | Verfahren und spinnvliesanlage zur herstellung eines spinnvlieses aus synthetischem endlosfilament |
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| US6502615B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-01-07 | Nordson Corporation | Apparatus for making an absorbent composite product |
| JP3604002B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-02 | 2004-12-22 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| US6592713B2 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2003-07-15 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Method of producing a nonwoven material |
| JP3687090B2 (ja) | 2000-12-19 | 2005-08-24 | ヤマハ株式会社 | 音源付き記憶装置 |
| US6499982B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-12-31 | Nordson Corporation | Air management system for the manufacture of nonwoven webs and laminates |
| US6799957B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 | 2004-10-05 | Nordson Corporation | Forming system for the manufacture of thermoplastic nonwoven webs and laminates |
| DK1340844T3 (da) | 2002-02-28 | 2007-11-12 | Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co Kg | Meltblown-anlæg |
| DE50211736D1 (de) | 2002-02-28 | 2008-04-03 | Reifenhaeuser Gmbh & Co Kg | Anlage zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung einer Spinnvliesbahn |
-
2002
- 2002-02-07 US US10/072,550 patent/US6799957B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-05 DE DE60309653T patent/DE60309653T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-05 EP EP06124047A patent/EP1788135A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-02-05 WO PCT/US2003/003475 patent/WO2003066941A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-02-05 EP EP03737651A patent/EP1425442B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-05 CN CN03803545.6A patent/CN1630740B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-05 JP JP2003566280A patent/JP4291698B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-05 AU AU2003210867A patent/AU2003210867A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-07 TW TW092102518A patent/TW200400292A/zh unknown
-
2004
- 2004-08-31 US US10/930,877 patent/US7476350B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4291698B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
| US7476350B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 |
| EP1425442A2 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
| CN1630740B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
| AU2003210867A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| CN1630740A (zh) | 2005-06-22 |
| EP1788135A2 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
| EP1788135A3 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
| JP2005517096A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
| AU2003210867A8 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| WO2003066941A2 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
| TW200400292A (en) | 2004-01-01 |
| WO2003066941A3 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
| DE60309653D1 (de) | 2006-12-28 |
| US20030147982A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
| US20050023711A1 (en) | 2005-02-03 |
| US6799957B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
| EP1425442B1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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