DE3567567D1 - Method for the production of a powder product - Google Patents
Method for the production of a powder productInfo
- Publication number
- DE3567567D1 DE3567567D1 DE8585301385T DE3567567T DE3567567D1 DE 3567567 D1 DE3567567 D1 DE 3567567D1 DE 8585301385 T DE8585301385 T DE 8585301385T DE 3567567 T DE3567567 T DE 3567567T DE 3567567 D1 DE3567567 D1 DE 3567567D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- production
- powder product
- carrier
- subjecting
- starch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/18—Carbohydrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/16—Fatty acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
- A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
- A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
- A23P30/34—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment by extrusion-expansion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/804—Low calorie, low sodium or hypoallergic
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Grain Derivatives (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Transmission Systems Not Characterized By The Medium Used For Transmission (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK1487/84A DK148784D0 (da) | 1984-02-29 | 1984-02-29 | Pulverprodukt |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3567567D1 true DE3567567D1 (en) | 1989-02-23 |
Family
ID=8105354
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE8585301385T Expired DE3567567D1 (en) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-02-28 | Method for the production of a powder product |
DE198585301385T Pending DE153870T1 (de) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-02-28 | Pulverisiertes produkt und dessen herstellung. |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE198585301385T Pending DE153870T1 (de) | 1984-02-29 | 1985-02-28 | Pulverisiertes produkt und dessen herstellung. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4748027A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0153870B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH0687964B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE40030T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU579619B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8505480A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1228765A (de) |
DD (1) | DD238718A5 (de) |
DE (2) | DE3567567D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK148784D0 (de) |
EG (1) | EG17776A (de) |
ES (1) | ES8706391A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI83381C (de) |
IL (1) | IL74463A (de) |
NO (1) | NO160042C (de) |
PT (1) | PT80032B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1985003846A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA851498B (de) |
Families Citing this family (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE754903A (fr) * | 1969-08-14 | 1971-02-15 | Mi O Z Sp Konstruktors Kogo Bj | Chariot pour instruments a dessin |
DK244685D0 (da) * | 1985-05-31 | 1985-05-31 | Nexus Aps | Polyglycerolemulgator |
JP2966875B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-16 | 1999-10-25 | テルモ株式会社 | 食品用材料およびその製造方法 |
US5041293A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-08-20 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Method of adding lecithin to chewing gum |
US5330779A (en) * | 1990-07-03 | 1994-07-19 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Material for food and method for production thereof |
DE4031162C1 (de) * | 1990-10-03 | 1992-02-06 | Maizena Gmbh, 7100 Heilbronn, De | |
US5296250A (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1994-03-22 | Conagra Flour Milling Co. | Cake mixes utilizing unchlorinated wheat flour |
EP0562140A1 (de) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-09-29 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines modifizierten Weizenmehls |
CA2151040A1 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1994-07-07 | Mikio Ueda | Antifoaming agent for food and food material containing the same |
US5360614A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1994-11-01 | The Estee Corporation | Method of controlling the release of carbohydrates by encapsulation and composition therefor |
ATE211621T1 (de) * | 1993-10-29 | 2002-01-15 | Dsm Nv | Backverbesserende zusammensetzungen |
US5505982A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1996-04-09 | Fmc Corporation | Chocolate confection |
US5441753A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1995-08-15 | Fmc Corporation | Coprocessed particulate bulking and formulating AIDS: their composition, production, and use |
CA2150515C (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 2005-12-20 | Amna Munji Abboud | Emulsifier system |
US6395303B1 (en) * | 1996-06-10 | 2002-05-28 | Edward Mendell Co., Inc. | Process for preparing a directly compressible solid dosage form containing microcrystalline cellulose |
US5948438A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-09-07 | Edward Mendell Co., Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations having improved disintegration and/or absorptivity |
US5585115A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1996-12-17 | Edward H. Mendell Co., Inc. | Pharmaceutical excipient having improved compressability |
US6936277B2 (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 2005-08-30 | J. Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pharmaceutical excipient having improved compressibility |
IL139728A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 2003-06-24 | Penwest Pharmaceuticals Compan | Aqueous slurry composition containing microcrystalline cellulose for preparing a pharmaceutical excipient |
US6391337B2 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 2002-05-21 | Edward Mendell Co., Inc. | Directly compressible high load acetaminophen formulations |
US6852336B2 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 2005-02-08 | J. Rettenmaier & Soehne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Directly compressible high load acetaminophen formulations |
US5733578A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1998-03-31 | Edward Mendell Co., Inc. | Directly compressible high load acetaminophen formulations |
DK0848908T3 (da) * | 1996-11-21 | 2002-10-14 | Nestle Sa | Brøddejprodukter |
AU8856698A (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-24 | Sud-Chemie A.G. | Use of bentonites as additives to flour and dough |
US6242033B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-06-05 | Eugene H. Sander | High protein cereal |
WO2001005246A2 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-01-25 | Danisco A/S | A process for the preparation of a composition comprising at least one emulsifier and at least one edible fibre |
US6306447B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-10-23 | Danisco A/S | Integrated emulsifier and edible fiber |
DE19959036A1 (de) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-21 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pulverprodukten |
AU2002213385A1 (en) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-06 | Cp Kelco U.S., Inc. | Co-processed emulsifier/carrier systems for full-fat bakery products |
FR2868079B1 (fr) * | 2004-03-29 | 2007-06-08 | Seppic Sa | Tensioactifs sous forme de poudre utilisables dans des comprimes ou des gelules procede de preparation et compositions les contenant |
US20060088639A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2006-04-27 | Lewis Karen M | Food additive, baked food composition and method for lowering blood cholesterol |
DE102004063334A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Bühler AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Teiges für hefegetriebene Backwaren mit einem tiefen glykemischen Index (Gl) |
US20070059428A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-15 | Chigurupati Sambasiva R | Low-sodium salt composition |
US9629384B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2017-04-25 | S & P Ingredient Development, Llc | Low sodium salt composition |
DE102005059406A1 (de) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Cognis Ip Management Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Extrudaten für die Lebensmittelproduktion |
EP1817963A1 (de) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-15 | Nizo Food Research B.V. | Teilchenförmige Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe für mikrowellenerhitzbare Lebensmittel und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US8802181B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2014-08-12 | S & P Ingredient Development, Llc | Low sodium salt composition |
CA2665547C (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2015-05-05 | Palsgaard A/S | Coated carriers |
ES2413805T3 (es) | 2007-08-03 | 2013-07-17 | Nestec S.A. | Sistema estabilizador natural para un postre helado |
DE102007048015A1 (de) | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Bizerba Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lebensmittel-Schneidemaschine und Verfahren zur Ablage von Lebensmittel-Schnittgutscheiben |
GB201210060D0 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2012-07-25 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Composition |
US9247762B1 (en) | 2014-09-09 | 2016-02-02 | S & P Ingredient Development, Llc | Salt substitute with plant tissue carrier |
AU2018332654B2 (en) | 2017-09-18 | 2022-07-21 | S & P Ingredient Development, Llc | Low sodium salt substitute with potassium chloride |
MX2020005876A (es) | 2017-12-11 | 2020-08-13 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Composicion que comprende gliceridos de acidos grasos en polvo. |
CN108541881A (zh) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-18 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种富含戊聚糖的挤压营养米及其制备方法 |
WO2021089143A1 (de) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | Symrise Ag | Farbpartikel |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2555468A (en) * | 1949-07-16 | 1951-06-05 | Parke Davis & Co | Fatty food compositions and method of making same |
US2555467A (en) * | 1949-07-16 | 1951-06-05 | Parke Davis & Co | Fatty food compositions and method of making same |
US2827378A (en) * | 1953-06-25 | 1958-03-18 | Food Technology | Method of preparing bakery products |
US2949365A (en) * | 1958-04-28 | 1960-08-16 | Arthur C Becker | Bread dusting mixture and method |
US3012888A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1961-12-12 | Central Soya Co | Method for preparing a granular oilfree phosphatide product |
US3111409A (en) * | 1961-03-02 | 1963-11-19 | Top Scor Products Corp Inc | Anti-staling ingredients for baked food products and process for improving the texture and freshness retention of baked food products |
BE662200A (de) * | 1964-04-07 | |||
US3445238A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1969-05-20 | Nat Dairy Prod Corp | Whey composition for making yeastraised dough products |
US3549382A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-12-22 | Francis Frederick Hansen | Method of preparing powdered monoglyceride material |
US3689290A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1972-09-05 | Carnation Co | Particulate food product |
US3671264A (en) * | 1970-05-04 | 1972-06-20 | White Lily Foods Co The | Packaged mixes for flavored food products and the process of making them |
US3743512A (en) * | 1970-09-16 | 1973-07-03 | F Hansen | Monoglyceride product and method of preparing the same |
US3973046A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1976-08-03 | N.V. Houdstermaatschappij Holland Agro | Method for preparing a mixture of finely crystallized fat and a powder |
US3791852A (en) * | 1972-06-16 | 1974-02-12 | Univ California | High rate deposition of carbides by activated reactive evaporation |
US3924018A (en) * | 1974-06-14 | 1975-12-02 | Gen Foods Corp | Whipped toppings |
CA1048846A (en) * | 1974-06-28 | 1979-02-20 | Mikhail I. Goryaev | Process for manufacturing a fatty concentrate |
GB1581331A (en) * | 1976-05-03 | 1980-12-10 | Grindstedvaerket As | Bread and other farinaceous products |
US4168323A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1979-09-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Veno Seiyako Oyo Kenkyujo | Food additive composition and process for preparation thereof |
US4159952A (en) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-03 | Southland Corporation | Powdered hydrated emulsifiers and their method of preparation |
DE2854291C3 (de) * | 1978-12-15 | 1981-08-20 | Diamalt AG, 8000 München | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines feinpulvrigen Mehrfachlactates und seine Verwendung in Backmitteln |
DE3102592A1 (de) * | 1980-01-28 | 1982-01-07 | House Food Industrial Co., Ltd., Higashi-Osaka, Osaka | Poroeses saccharidgranulat, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung |
FR2478431A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-09-25 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Sucroglycerides mis sur support, leur procede d'obtention et leur application |
US4310556A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1982-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Food emulsifiers |
US4454804A (en) * | 1981-06-18 | 1984-06-19 | Carnation Company | Apparatus for incorporating additives in extruded foods |
US4444799A (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1984-04-24 | Nabisco, Inc. | Method and composition for producing soft edible baked products and an edible firm gel for use therein |
US4461782A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1984-07-24 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Low calorie baked products |
US4424237A (en) * | 1982-03-22 | 1984-01-03 | Batter-Lite Foods, Inc. | Hydrated emulsifier for use in flour based baked goods |
US4575395A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1986-03-11 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Coated pregelatinized starch and process for producing the same |
US4500552A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-02-19 | Kadison Laboratories, Inc. | Gelatin dessert product |
-
1984
- 1984-02-29 DK DK1487/84A patent/DK148784D0/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-02-27 AU AU40613/85A patent/AU579619B2/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-27 EG EG122/85A patent/EG17776A/xx active
- 1985-02-27 US US06/797,678 patent/US4748027A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-02-27 ZA ZA851498A patent/ZA851498B/xx unknown
- 1985-02-27 WO PCT/DK1985/000018 patent/WO1985003846A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1985-02-27 BR BR8505480A patent/BR8505480A/pt unknown
- 1985-02-27 JP JP60501063A patent/JPH0687964B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-02-28 DE DE8585301385T patent/DE3567567D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-02-28 IL IL74463A patent/IL74463A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-02-28 AT AT85301385T patent/ATE40030T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-02-28 DE DE198585301385T patent/DE153870T1/de active Pending
- 1985-02-28 DD DD85273644A patent/DD238718A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-02-28 ES ES540823A patent/ES8706391A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-02-28 CA CA000475427A patent/CA1228765A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-02-28 EP EP85301385A patent/EP0153870B1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-02-28 PT PT80032A patent/PT80032B/pt unknown
- 1985-10-28 FI FI854229A patent/FI83381C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 NO NO85854313A patent/NO160042C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0687964B2 (ja) | 1994-11-09 |
ES8706391A1 (es) | 1987-06-16 |
DE153870T1 (de) | 1986-05-22 |
WO1985003846A1 (en) | 1985-09-12 |
NO160042C (no) | 1989-03-08 |
DD238718A5 (de) | 1986-09-03 |
JPS61501253A (ja) | 1986-06-26 |
DK148784D0 (da) | 1984-02-29 |
IL74463A0 (en) | 1985-05-31 |
ZA851498B (en) | 1985-11-27 |
FI854229A0 (fi) | 1985-10-28 |
CA1228765A (en) | 1987-11-03 |
FI83381C (fi) | 1991-07-10 |
NO854313L (no) | 1985-10-29 |
NO160042B (no) | 1988-11-28 |
PT80032B (pt) | 1987-06-17 |
IL74463A (en) | 1988-10-31 |
ATE40030T1 (de) | 1989-02-15 |
BR8505480A (pt) | 1986-02-18 |
PT80032A (en) | 1985-03-01 |
FI83381B (fi) | 1991-03-28 |
AU4061385A (en) | 1985-09-24 |
ES540823A0 (es) | 1987-06-16 |
EP0153870A1 (de) | 1985-09-04 |
AU579619B2 (en) | 1988-12-01 |
FI854229L (fi) | 1985-10-28 |
US4748027A (en) | 1988-05-31 |
EP0153870B1 (de) | 1989-01-18 |
EG17776A (en) | 1990-08-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE3567567D1 (en) | Method for the production of a powder product | |
EP0129698A3 (en) | Process for the preparation of polypyrroles, and film-like products obtained by such a process | |
EP0057669A3 (en) | Product to be used as photocatalyst, method of producing the same and uses thereof | |
MY100468A (en) | Preparation of vegetable pastas | |
HUT50860A (en) | Water-proof briquette, process for its production and mixture of material applied by the production | |
IE822599L (en) | Animal feed premixes | |
DE3663437D1 (en) | Structured food products and process | |
DE3373675D1 (en) | Process for the preparation of peroxydated fats by biological low energy transformation, products obtained by this process, mixtures of these products with additives and new medicines made up of these products | |
AU580174B2 (en) | An improved product and process | |
HUT35479A (en) | Pesticides containing benzoyl-urea-derivatives and process for the production of the benzoyl-urea-derivatives, as well as of pharmaceutucal preparations containing them | |
DK494785A (da) | Pulverprodukt og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling deraf | |
DE3062867D1 (en) | Process for the production of water-soluble biotin-containing preparations and their use as additives to feed supplements | |
DE3474094D1 (en) | Process for making low sodium crackers and cookies and products obtained thereby | |
IE46093L (en) | Lactose - containing premix | |
ES8608083A1 (es) | Un metodo de preparar materiales de polisacarido modificados | |
IE34694B1 (en) | Synthetic diamond production | |
JPS5577875A (en) | Preparation of mutton-containing meat product and fish paste product | |
JPS5296759A (en) | Powdery gluten composition * production of same and bread making method by utilizing same | |
JPS5435235A (en) | Production of marine products and seaweeds mixture | |
AU490553B2 (en) | Process forthe preparation of adenine derivatives made functional and products obtained therefrom | |
AU483024B2 (en) | Dehydrated granular potato product and process for production of same | |
AU8020675A (en) | Process forthe preparation of adenine derivatives made functional and products obtained therefrom | |
AU6704174A (en) | Dehydrated granular potato product and process for production of same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition |