DE3026937C2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aromatischen Oligoesters mit zwei endständigen Hydroxylgruppen mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aromatischen Oligoesters mit zwei endständigen Hydroxylgruppen mit niedrigem MolekulargewichtInfo
- Publication number
- DE3026937C2 DE3026937C2 DE3026937A DE3026937A DE3026937C2 DE 3026937 C2 DE3026937 C2 DE 3026937C2 DE 3026937 A DE3026937 A DE 3026937A DE 3026937 A DE3026937 A DE 3026937A DE 3026937 C2 DE3026937 C2 DE 3026937C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- aromatic
- solution
- acid dichloride
- low molecular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229920002601 oligoester Polymers 0.000 title description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 100
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 62
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 60
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 33
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 28
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 phenol compound Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZPLGBZOTXYEQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichlorobenzene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZZPLGBZOTXYEQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSWAXXJAPIGEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzene-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=C1 MSWAXXJAPIGEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RXNYJUSEXLAVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYWZZVKKQHFGED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(C(Cl)=O)=C1 LYWZZVKKQHFGED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012696 Interfacial polycondensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrachlorobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 KYPYTERUKNKOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
- C07D307/88—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 1 or 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/14—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters from carboxylic acid halides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9084479A JPS5614526A (en) | 1979-07-17 | 1979-07-17 | Production of low-molecular aromatic dihydroxy ester |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3026937A1 DE3026937A1 (de) | 1981-01-29 |
| DE3026937C2 true DE3026937C2 (de) | 1982-09-02 |
Family
ID=14009888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3026937A Expired DE3026937C2 (de) | 1979-07-17 | 1980-07-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aromatischen Oligoesters mit zwei endständigen Hydroxylgruppen mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5614526A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE3026937C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IT (1) | IT1132204B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3320260A1 (de) * | 1983-06-04 | 1984-12-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Diphenolmonoester von carbonsaeuren, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung, ihre verwendung zur herstellung von polyestercarbonaten, die erfindungsgemaess erhaeltlichen polyestercarbonate sowie flammwidrige formmassen enthaltend diese polyestercarbonate |
| JPS6110433A (ja) * | 1984-06-26 | 1986-01-17 | Maruho Jidoki Kk | 無延伸ポリプロピレンフイルムの真空成型法 |
| JPH06842B2 (ja) * | 1985-12-04 | 1994-01-05 | イソボルタ・エスタ−ライヒツシエ・イゾリ−ルシユトツフベルケ・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | 低分子量ポリエステル |
| JP5362703B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-19 | 2013-12-11 | 三井化学株式会社 | ジヒドロキシベンゼン誘導体の製造方法 |
| JP6609951B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2019-11-27 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂の製造方法及びそれを用いた電子写真感光体 |
| CN107428922B (zh) | 2015-03-23 | 2021-06-01 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 电子照相感光体及图像形成装置 |
| CN105542128A (zh) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 广东广山新材料有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂固化剂及其制备方法和用途 |
| TWI620763B (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-04-11 | Taiwan Union Technology Corporation | 樹脂組成物、及使用該樹脂組成物所製得之預浸漬片、金屬箔積層板及印刷電路板 |
-
1979
- 1979-07-17 JP JP9084479A patent/JPS5614526A/ja active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-07-16 DE DE3026937A patent/DE3026937C2/de not_active Expired
- 1980-07-17 IT IT23513/80A patent/IT1132204B/it active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NICHTS-ERMITTELT |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1132204B (it) | 1986-06-25 |
| DE3026937A1 (de) | 1981-01-29 |
| JPS5614526A (en) | 1981-02-12 |
| JPS6251258B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1987-10-29 |
| IT8023513A0 (it) | 1980-07-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OAP | Request for examination filed | ||
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |