DE2710061C2 - Verwendung eines stickstoffhaltigen Kondensationsproduktes als Leimungsbeschleuniger zur Herstellung geleimten Papiers oder geleimter Pappe - Google Patents
Verwendung eines stickstoffhaltigen Kondensationsproduktes als Leimungsbeschleuniger zur Herstellung geleimten Papiers oder geleimter PappeInfo
- Publication number
- DE2710061C2 DE2710061C2 DE2710061A DE2710061A DE2710061C2 DE 2710061 C2 DE2710061 C2 DE 2710061C2 DE 2710061 A DE2710061 A DE 2710061A DE 2710061 A DE2710061 A DE 2710061A DE 2710061 C2 DE2710061 C2 DE 2710061C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sizing
- nitrogen
- condensation product
- containing condensation
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 title description 15
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical group NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanatooctadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN=C=O QWDQYHPOSSHSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
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- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous diethylene glycol Natural products OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9Z,11E,13E)-9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
- C08G65/2618—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen
- C08G65/2621—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen containing amine groups
- C08G65/2624—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing nitrogen containing amine groups containing aliphatic amine groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/0206—Polyalkylene(poly)amines
- C08G73/0213—Preparatory process
- C08G73/022—Preparatory process from polyamines and epihalohydrins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/315—Compounds containing carbon-to-nitrogen triple bonds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9523/76A GB1533434A (en) | 1976-03-10 | 1976-03-10 | Sizing method and a sizing composition for use therein |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2710061A1 DE2710061A1 (de) | 1977-09-22 |
| DE2710061C2 true DE2710061C2 (de) | 1987-03-26 |
Family
ID=9873632
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2710061A Expired DE2710061C2 (de) | 1976-03-10 | 1977-03-08 | Verwendung eines stickstoffhaltigen Kondensationsproduktes als Leimungsbeschleuniger zur Herstellung geleimten Papiers oder geleimter Pappe |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52118010A (he) |
| AT (1) | AT360333B (he) |
| AU (1) | AU502842B2 (he) |
| BE (1) | BE852342A (he) |
| BR (1) | BR7701449A (he) |
| CA (1) | CA1100265A (he) |
| CH (1) | CH620003A5 (he) |
| DE (1) | DE2710061C2 (he) |
| DK (1) | DK147859C (he) |
| FI (1) | FI63804B (he) |
| FR (1) | FR2343859A1 (he) |
| GB (1) | GB1533434A (he) |
| IT (1) | IT1085873B (he) |
| MX (1) | MX4984E (he) |
| NL (1) | NL7702454A (he) |
| NO (1) | NO149824C (he) |
| NZ (1) | NZ183359A (he) |
| PH (1) | PH12982A (he) |
| SE (1) | SE432791C (he) |
| ZA (1) | ZA771463B (he) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4240935A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-12-23 | Hercules Incorporated | Ketene dimer paper sizing compositions |
| WO1981003328A1 (en) * | 1980-05-22 | 1981-11-26 | Firmenich & Cie | Bicyclic compounds and utilization thereof as perfuming agents |
| WO1982000038A1 (en) * | 1980-06-24 | 1982-01-07 | Yoshioka S | Cellulose-treating agent and paper products sized therewith |
| CH673195B5 (he) * | 1981-05-14 | 1990-08-31 | Sandoz Ag | |
| US4522686A (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1985-06-11 | Hercules Incorporated | Aqueous sizing compositions |
| US4426466A (en) | 1982-06-09 | 1984-01-17 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Paper treatment compositions containing fluorochemical carboxylic acid and epoxidic cationic resin |
| JPS6059195A (ja) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-05 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 中性紙 |
| EP0144284A1 (de) * | 1983-10-27 | 1985-06-12 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Verfahren zum Leimen von Papier mit anionischen, hydrophoben Leimungsmitteln und kationischen Retentionsmitteln |
| US4735685A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1988-04-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for sizing paper or cardboard with anionic hydrophobic sizing agents and cationic retention aids |
| US4737239A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1988-04-12 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for the manufacture of paper or cardboard which is sized under alkaline or neutral conditions with anionic hydrophobic sizing agents and cationic retention aids |
| DE3940481A1 (de) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Basische polykondensationsprodukte sowie deren verwendung als faerbereihilfsmittel |
| US6051107A (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 2000-04-18 | Hercules Incorporated | Process for surface sizing paper and paper prepared thereby |
| WO1999058609A1 (en) | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-18 | Hercules Incorporated | Aqueous systems comprising an ionic polymer and a viscosity promoter |
| US6866906B2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2005-03-15 | International Paper Company | Cut resistant paper and paper articles and method for making same |
| US7279071B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2007-10-09 | International Paper Company | Paper articles exhibiting water resistance and method for making same |
| ES2341944T3 (es) | 2001-04-11 | 2010-06-30 | International Paper Company | Productos de papel que tienen una capacidad de almacenaje a largo plazo. |
| RU2330911C2 (ru) | 2002-09-13 | 2008-08-10 | Интернэшнл Пейпер Компани | Бумага с улучшенной жесткостью и пухлостью и способ для ее изготовления |
| AU2006223142B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2011-04-07 | International Paper Company | Compositions containing expandable microspheres and an ionic compound, as well as methods of making and using the same |
| US8758886B2 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2014-06-24 | International Paper Company | Recording sheet with improved image dry time |
| PT1951955E (pt) | 2005-11-01 | 2013-04-01 | Int Paper Co | Substrato de papel com densidade de impressão aumentada |
| US7682438B2 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2010-03-23 | International Paper Company | Paper substrate having enhanced print density |
| US7622022B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2009-11-24 | Benny J Skaggs | Surface treatment of substrate or paper/paperboard products using optical brightening agent |
| CA2710804C (en) | 2007-12-26 | 2013-07-02 | International Paper Company | A paper substrate containing a wetting agent and having improved print mottle |
| US8382945B2 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2013-02-26 | International Paper Company | Expandable microspheres and methods of making and using the same |
| WO2010039996A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2010-04-08 | International Paper Company | A paper substrate containing a wetting agent and having improved printability |
| WO2010148156A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | International Paper Company | Anti-microbial paper substrates useful in wallboard tape applications |
| WO2011016972A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | International Paper Company | System, method and software for reducing printer colorant usage |
| US8574690B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2013-11-05 | International Paper Company | Printable substrates with improved dry time and acceptable print density by using monovalent salts |
| US8652593B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2014-02-18 | International Paper Company | Printable substrates with improved brightness from OBAs in presence of multivalent metal salts |
| WO2013112511A2 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-08-01 | International Paper Company | Separated treatment of paper substrate with multivalent metal salts and obas |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1070916B (he) * | 1959-12-10 | |||
| US1125486A (en) * | 1911-07-27 | 1915-01-19 | James W Dawson | Rotary explosive-engine. |
| US1373788A (en) * | 1920-09-15 | 1921-04-05 | Sternau & Co Inc S | Grid or grill |
| US3006806A (en) * | 1957-02-15 | 1961-10-31 | Olin Mathieson | Sized paper and process therefor |
| US3046186A (en) * | 1957-06-12 | 1962-07-24 | American Cyanamid Co | Cationic sizing emulsions and paper sized therewith |
| US3445330A (en) * | 1966-04-28 | 1969-05-20 | American Cyanamid Co | Method of sizing paper with carboxylic acid anhydride particles and polyamines |
| US3499824A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1970-03-10 | American Cyanamid Co | Aqueous cationic emulsions of papersizing isocyanates and manufacture of paper therewith |
| US3703563A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1972-11-21 | Diamond Shamrock Corp | Polyacrylamide-epoxidized aminoplast-urea condensates |
-
1976
- 1976-03-10 GB GB9523/76A patent/GB1533434A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-02-16 NZ NZ183359A patent/NZ183359A/xx unknown
- 1977-02-21 CA CA272,148A patent/CA1100265A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-21 PH PH19469A patent/PH12982A/en unknown
- 1977-03-03 FI FI770693A patent/FI63804B/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-03-07 FR FR7706629A patent/FR2343859A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-08 DE DE2710061A patent/DE2710061C2/de not_active Expired
- 1977-03-08 NL NL7702454A patent/NL7702454A/xx active Search and Examination
- 1977-03-08 DK DK101177A patent/DK147859C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-09 NO NO770830A patent/NO149824C/no unknown
- 1977-03-09 JP JP2493277A patent/JPS52118010A/ja active Granted
- 1977-03-09 AU AU23063/77A patent/AU502842B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-09 SE SE7702669A patent/SE432791C/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-09 MX MX775525U patent/MX4984E/es unknown
- 1977-03-09 CH CH295377A patent/CH620003A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-09 AT AT158477A patent/AT360333B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-09 IT IT21093/77A patent/IT1085873B/it active
- 1977-03-10 BR BR7701449A patent/BR7701449A/pt unknown
- 1977-03-10 BE BE175694A patent/BE852342A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-10 ZA ZA00771463A patent/ZA771463B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA771463B (en) | 1978-01-25 |
| SE432791C (sv) | 1989-04-04 |
| NZ183359A (en) | 1978-09-20 |
| FI63804B (fi) | 1983-04-29 |
| NO149824B (no) | 1984-03-19 |
| NO770830L (no) | 1977-09-13 |
| AT360333B (de) | 1980-01-12 |
| SE432791B (sv) | 1984-04-16 |
| CH620003A5 (en) | 1980-10-31 |
| JPS6215680B2 (he) | 1987-04-08 |
| SE7702669L (sv) | 1977-09-11 |
| FR2343859B1 (he) | 1984-03-23 |
| BR7701449A (pt) | 1977-11-29 |
| DE2710061A1 (de) | 1977-09-22 |
| GB1533434A (en) | 1978-11-22 |
| PH12982A (en) | 1979-10-29 |
| DK101177A (da) | 1977-09-11 |
| NO149824C (no) | 1987-04-01 |
| IT1085873B (it) | 1985-05-28 |
| AU502842B2 (en) | 1979-08-09 |
| MX4984E (es) | 1983-01-31 |
| DK147859B (da) | 1984-12-24 |
| DK147859C (da) | 1991-08-12 |
| NL7702454A (nl) | 1977-09-13 |
| AU2306377A (en) | 1978-09-14 |
| FI770693A (he) | 1977-09-11 |
| CA1100265A (en) | 1981-05-05 |
| JPS52118010A (en) | 1977-10-04 |
| BE852342A (fr) | 1977-09-12 |
| ATA158477A (de) | 1980-05-15 |
| FR2343859A1 (fr) | 1977-10-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8128 | New person/name/address of the agent |
Representative=s name: LEDERER, F., DIPL.-CHEM. DR., PAT.-ANW., 8000 MUEN |
|
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
| 8331 | Complete revocation |