DE2327658C3 - Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Calciumhypochlorit - Google Patents
Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von CalciumhypochloritInfo
- Publication number
- DE2327658C3 DE2327658C3 DE2327658A DE2327658A DE2327658C3 DE 2327658 C3 DE2327658 C3 DE 2327658C3 DE 2327658 A DE2327658 A DE 2327658A DE 2327658 A DE2327658 A DE 2327658A DE 2327658 C3 DE2327658 C3 DE 2327658C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lime
- weight
- slurry
- percent
- zone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 94
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 147
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Inorganic materials Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 alkali metal hypochlorite Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 118
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 113
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 65
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 51
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 36
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- ABONIXOLZDCGIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dihypochlorite;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ABONIXOLZDCGIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000174 L-prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000283153 Cetacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100465000 Mus musculus Prag1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000159606 Netrium Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chlorate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O YALMXYPQBUJUME-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium hypochlorite Chemical compound [K+].Cl[O-] SATVIFGJTRRDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B11/00—Oxides or oxyacids of halogens; Salts thereof
- C01B11/04—Hypochlorous acid
- C01B11/06—Hypochlorites
- C01B11/064—Hypochlorites of alkaline-earth metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/03—Preparation from inorganic peroxy compounds, e.g. from peroxysulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/02—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
- D06L4/22—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents
- D06L4/23—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using hypohalogenites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25776872A | 1972-05-30 | 1972-05-30 | |
| US340121A US3895099A (en) | 1972-05-30 | 1973-03-12 | Process for manufacture of calcium hydrochlorite |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2327658A1 DE2327658A1 (de) | 1973-12-20 |
| DE2327658B2 DE2327658B2 (de) | 1981-02-19 |
| DE2327658C3 true DE2327658C3 (de) | 1982-01-07 |
Family
ID=26946189
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2327658A Expired DE2327658C3 (de) | 1972-05-30 | 1973-05-30 | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Calciumhypochlorit |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3895099A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5320958B2 (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA995436A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2327658C3 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES415330A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2186425B1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1414015A (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT985241B (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL167654C (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4196184A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1980-04-01 | Olin Corporation | Lime recovery process |
| US4053429A (en) * | 1973-10-27 | 1977-10-11 | Nippon Soda Company, Limited | Safety-calcium hypochlorite composition |
| US4276349A (en) * | 1974-11-06 | 1981-06-30 | Olin Corporation | Round multi-layered calcium hypochlorite granules |
| CA1070086A (en) * | 1975-06-25 | 1980-01-22 | Walter J. Sakowski | Lime recovery process |
| JPS5293694A (en) * | 1976-02-03 | 1977-08-06 | Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd | Production of high test bleaching powder |
| US4108792A (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1978-08-22 | Olin Corporation | Calcium hypochlorite composition containing magnesium and process for making same |
| US4147761A (en) | 1978-03-09 | 1979-04-03 | Olin Corporation | Hypochlorous acid process using sweep reactor |
| US4183907A (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1980-01-15 | Olin Corporation | Method for preparing calcium hypochlorite |
| US4380533A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1983-04-19 | Olin Corporation | Process for the production of dibasic magnesium hypochlorite |
| DE3263846D1 (en) * | 1981-03-09 | 1985-07-04 | Klipfontein Organic Prod | Production of calcium hypochlorite |
| DE3261806D1 (en) * | 1981-03-09 | 1985-02-21 | Klipfontein Organic Prod | Production of calcium hypochlorite |
| US4328200A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1982-05-04 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process for producing calcium hypochlorite |
| US4390512A (en) * | 1981-06-01 | 1983-06-28 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process for producing calcium hypochlorite |
| DE3267052D1 (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1985-11-28 | Olin Corp | An improved process for calcium hypochlorite production |
| US4367209A (en) * | 1982-02-26 | 1983-01-04 | Olin Corporation | Calcium hypochlorite production from its dibasic salt |
| US4416864A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1983-11-22 | Olin Corporation | Process for calcium hypochlorite |
| US4468377A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-08-28 | Olin Corporation | Continuous process for the manufacture of calcium hypochlorite |
| US4487751A (en) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-12-11 | Olin Corporation | Process for calcium hypochlorite |
| FR2608145B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-15 | 1989-03-03 | Solvay | Procede de fabrication d'hypochlorite de calcium et produit obtenu par ce procede |
| JP4438123B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-28 | 2010-03-24 | 東ソー株式会社 | 高度さらし粉と塩化カルシウム水溶液の併産方法 |
| US7045077B2 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-05-16 | Biolab, Inc. | Calcium hypochlorite compositions |
| US20070005026A1 (en) * | 2005-06-21 | 2007-01-04 | Michael Basara | Method and material for reducing biofilm |
| WO2016013027A2 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-28 | Geist Research Private Limited | A novel process for recovery of calcium hypochlorite |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1718285A (en) * | 1926-08-04 | 1929-06-25 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Manufacture of calcium hypochlorite |
| US1713669A (en) * | 1926-08-04 | 1929-05-21 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Manufacture of calcium hypochlorite |
| US1784286A (en) * | 1927-04-15 | 1930-12-09 | C O Sethness | Process of making easily soluble stable hypochlorites |
| US1931622A (en) * | 1929-10-28 | 1933-10-24 | Pen Chlor Inc | Recovery of calcium hypochlorite |
| US2195755A (en) * | 1938-07-20 | 1940-04-02 | Mathieson Alkali Works Inc | Production of calcium hypochlorite product |
| US3134641A (en) * | 1961-08-09 | 1964-05-26 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Process for the manufacture of calcium hypochlorite |
| US3241912A (en) * | 1962-04-20 | 1966-03-22 | Olin Mathieson | Process of aqueous chlorination |
| US3251647A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1966-05-17 | Olin Mathieson | Process for producing calcium hypochlorite of high purity and available chlorine content |
| US3572989A (en) * | 1969-04-07 | 1971-03-30 | Nippon Soda Co | Process for production of calcium hypochlorite |
-
1973
- 1973-03-12 US US340121A patent/US3895099A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-04-26 CA CA169,632A patent/CA995436A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-14 GB GB2285173A patent/GB1414015A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-29 ES ES415330A patent/ES415330A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-05-29 JP JP6021173A patent/JPS5320958B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1973-05-29 IT IT50305/73A patent/IT985241B/it active
- 1973-05-29 FR FR7319515A patent/FR2186425B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-05-30 DE DE2327658A patent/DE2327658C3/de not_active Expired
- 1973-05-30 NL NL7307539A patent/NL167654C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NICHTS-ERMITTELT |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL167654B (nl) | 1981-08-17 |
| FR2186425B1 (OSRAM) | 1977-12-30 |
| US3895099A (en) | 1975-07-15 |
| DE2327658A1 (de) | 1973-12-20 |
| DE2327658B2 (de) | 1981-02-19 |
| NL7307539A (OSRAM) | 1973-12-04 |
| CA995436A (en) | 1976-08-24 |
| FR2186425A1 (OSRAM) | 1974-01-11 |
| IT985241B (it) | 1974-11-30 |
| JPS4969580A (OSRAM) | 1974-07-05 |
| NL167654C (nl) | 1982-01-18 |
| JPS5320958B2 (OSRAM) | 1978-06-29 |
| GB1414015A (en) | 1975-11-12 |
| ES415330A1 (es) | 1976-06-01 |
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