DE2248693C3 - Alkalisches Bad zur stromlosen Abscheidung von metallischem Silber auf einer Oberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Versilberungslösung - Google Patents
Alkalisches Bad zur stromlosen Abscheidung von metallischem Silber auf einer Oberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung der VersilberungslösungInfo
- Publication number
- DE2248693C3 DE2248693C3 DE2248693A DE2248693A DE2248693C3 DE 2248693 C3 DE2248693 C3 DE 2248693C3 DE 2248693 A DE2248693 A DE 2248693A DE 2248693 A DE2248693 A DE 2248693A DE 2248693 C3 DE2248693 C3 DE 2248693C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- reducing agent
- solutions
- deposition
- alkaline
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 60
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 silver compound Silver diammine nitrate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- HAAYBYDROVFKPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;azane;nitrate Chemical compound N.N.[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O HAAYBYDROVFKPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical class [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XIELUSWGOAVQLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Ag] Chemical class [N].[Ag] XIELUSWGOAVQLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyceraldehyde Chemical compound OCC(O)C=O MNQZXJOMYWMBOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag] OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001323 aldoses Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6,7-Hexahydroxyheptanoic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O KWMLJOLKUYYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000881711 Acipenser sturio Species 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDFUILURRSPQPF-CWONUKFKSA-G [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O NDFUILURRSPQPF-CWONUKFKSA-G 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver azide Chemical compound [Ag+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEJXATYENFDWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver sodium hydroxide nitrate Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O AEJXATYENFDWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US27138072A | 1972-07-13 | 1972-07-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2248693A1 DE2248693A1 (de) | 1974-01-24 |
| DE2248693B2 DE2248693B2 (de) | 1979-12-20 |
| DE2248693C3 true DE2248693C3 (de) | 1985-03-21 |
Family
ID=23035315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2248693A Expired DE2248693C3 (de) | 1972-07-13 | 1972-10-04 | Alkalisches Bad zur stromlosen Abscheidung von metallischem Silber auf einer Oberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Versilberungslösung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3776740A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5427830B2 (OSRAM) |
| BE (1) | BE795373A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2248693C3 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2193094B2 (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS49128819U (OSRAM) * | 1973-03-08 | 1974-11-06 | ||
| US4128671A (en) * | 1973-03-14 | 1978-12-05 | Reliance Electric Company | Instant silvering solution |
| GB1489665A (en) * | 1974-09-04 | 1977-10-26 | Inoue Japax Res | Electrochemical abrasive machining |
| US3983266A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1976-09-28 | Peacock Laboratories, Inc. | Method for applying metallic silver to a substrate |
| JPS5424093Y2 (OSRAM) * | 1974-10-14 | 1979-08-16 | ||
| US4737188A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-04-12 | London Laboratories Limited | Reducing agent and method for the electroless deposition of silver |
| IT1219384B (it) * | 1988-06-17 | 1990-05-11 | Pier Carlo Biginelli | Procedimento per la verniciatura metallizzante di manufatti ed apparecchiatura per la sua attuazione |
| US4965094A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-10-23 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Electroless silver coating for dielectric filter |
| US5419926A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1995-05-30 | Lilly London, Inc. | Ammonia-free deposition of copper by disproportionation |
| US6749307B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 2004-06-15 | Glaverbel | Silver coated mirror |
| GB9409538D0 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 1994-06-29 | Glaverbel | Forming a silver coating on a vitreous substrate |
| US6361824B1 (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-03-26 | Nanocrystal Imaging Corp. | Process for providing a highly reflective coating to the interior walls of microchannels |
| WO2002032841A1 (en) * | 2000-10-21 | 2002-04-25 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Process for the hydration of olefins |
| US6916369B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-07-12 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Beneficiated water reducing compositions |
| JP2004149909A (ja) * | 2002-11-01 | 2004-05-27 | Advance:Kk | 銀鏡薄膜の形成方法、及び該銀鏡薄膜を含む塗膜の形成方法 |
| US7087104B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-08-08 | Intel Corporation | Preparation of electroless deposition solutions |
| US7767009B2 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2010-08-03 | OMG Electronic Chemicals, Inc. | Solution and process for improving the solderability of a metal surface |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1209347A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1970-10-21 | Trans Metal Corp | Method of electroless plating |
| US3582392A (en) * | 1968-08-13 | 1971-06-01 | Donald W Berman | Method for preparing non-metallic surface for metallizing |
-
0
- BE BE795373D patent/BE795373A/xx unknown
-
1972
- 1972-07-13 US US00271380A patent/US3776740A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-10-04 DE DE2248693A patent/DE2248693C3/de not_active Expired
- 1972-11-08 JP JP11131372A patent/JPS5427830B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-02-14 FR FR7305207A patent/FR2193094B2/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4936536A (OSRAM) | 1974-04-04 |
| DE2248693B2 (de) | 1979-12-20 |
| FR2193094B2 (OSRAM) | 1976-11-05 |
| JPS5427830B2 (OSRAM) | 1979-09-12 |
| DE2248693A1 (de) | 1974-01-24 |
| US3776740A (en) | 1973-12-04 |
| BE795373A (fr) | 1973-08-13 |
| FR2193094A2 (OSRAM) | 1974-02-15 |
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