DE1760662B2 - Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus polyamidhaltigen Fäden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus polyamidhaltigen FädenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1760662B2 DE1760662B2 DE1760662A DE1760662A DE1760662B2 DE 1760662 B2 DE1760662 B2 DE 1760662B2 DE 1760662 A DE1760662 A DE 1760662A DE 1760662 A DE1760662 A DE 1760662A DE 1760662 B2 DE1760662 B2 DE 1760662B2
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- web
- threads
- gas
- fibers
- nonwovens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
- D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
- D01D10/0472—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments being supported on endless bands
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
schließend mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bortrifluorid-,
Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas in einer
Kammer unter Absorption des Gases an die Fäden
65 behandelt und daß man dann das absorbierte Gas
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur kontinu- aus den Fäden unter Bindungsbildung entfernt,
ierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus einer poly- Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß es mit
ierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus einer poly- Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß es mit
amidhaltigen Polymerschmelze. dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gelang, Produkte
herzustellen, die insbesondere den Vorteil haben, wurde festgestellt, daß eine bessere Bindung erzielt
daß sie sich gleichmäßig anfärben lassen. wird, wenn das Verfahren unter atmosphärischen Be-
Nacfa einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des er- dingungen durchgeführt wird, wobei die Feuchtigkeit
findungsgemäßen Verfahrens bringt man auf die oberhalb 25·/» und vorzugsweise zwischen 40 und
Bahn zur weiteren Verdichtung und Stabilisierung 5 60 0Ze gehalten wird,
unmittelbar nach der Ablage ein Polyamidbindemit- - - - tei
vorzugsweise Ameisensäure, auf und kalandriert
vor der Gasbehandlung bei einer zur Verdampfung
vor der Gasbehandlung bei einer zur Verdampfung
« :-«„föiiri» aiierpirhpnHpn Tp.mnp.rntnr
der Ameisensäure ausreichenden Temperatur.
Zur Erzielung der Bindungsreaktion müssen die Gebilde in sehr dichter Berührung vorliegen. In einer
Matte oder Lage von Fasern wird das durch
>r Ameisensäure auaicu-utuutii x^uiptiaiui. Schrumpfen von verflochtenen Fäden nach der Bü-
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungs- io dung der Matte oder dadurch erreicht, daß man die
form des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens entfernt Matte einer Druckeinwirkung unterwirft Das Pres-
bzw desorbiert man den Halogenwasserstoff, das sen der Matte wird vor und gegebenenfalls nach der
Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd oder Schwefeltrioxid Chlorwasserstoffbehandlung durchgeführt. Das
aus dem Vlies in einem Waschbad oder in einer im »Nachpressen« besitzt den Vorteil, daß der Matte
wesentlichen trockenen Umgebung, die auf etwa 90 15 auf Grund einer Zunahme bei dem auf die Faserbis
200° C erhitzt ist. kreuzungssteilen angewandten Druck eine größere
Die Bahn wird vorzugsweise nach der Gasbehand- Festigkeit erteilt wird.
iune kalandriert. Es wurde festgestellt, daß Polymerisate, die unter
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist femer eine Vorrich- dem Einfluß von Chlorwasserstoffgas (HCl) selbsttune
ViT Herstellung von Vliesen auf der Basis von ao gebunden werden können, in ihrer Struktur im allge-Polvamid
enthaltenden Fasern durch Behandlung meinen die Gruppe -NHCO- aufweisen. Um dieses
der versponnenen Endlosfäden mit Halogenwasser- Bindungsvermögen aufzuweisen, ist in dem Polymenstoff-Bortrifluorid-,
Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefel- sat eine angemessene Konzentration von diesen Gruptrioxydgas
mit Schmelzspinndüsen, einer pneumati- pen erforderlich, die zugänglich und an Gruppen gesehen
Verstreckungsvorrichtung, einem perforierten 25 bunden sind, die die Basizität nicht ungünstig verendlosen
Band zur Ablage der aus den Spinndüsen ändern. Es wurde gefunden, daß Polyamide mit einem
austretenden und anschließend verstreckten Fäden, Gehalt an einigen aromatischen Gruppen diese Bmintbesondere
nach dem oben geschilderten Verfah- dungsreaktion eingehen, jedoch bestimmte, vollstanm*w
dig aromatische Polyamide diese Reaktion trotz Kon-
Die Vorrichtung ist durch einen Kalander vor der 30 zentrationen an -NHCO-Gruppen, die denjenigen in
Fintrittsöffnung des endlosen Bandes in eine Gasbe- Polyhexamethylenadipamid vergleichbar sind, wooei
handlungskammer sowie Mitteln zum Desorbieren Polyhexamethylenadipamid die Bindung sehr leicni
der in der Gasbehandlungskammer aufgenommenen eingeht, nicht vollziehen. Dies kann auf die Mannen
rtaJ"«kennzeichnet. der Struktur oder auf die Wirkung der aromatischen
Nach einer besonderen Ausführungsform der er- 35 Ringe und auf die Basizität der Amidgruppe oder auf
findungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind als Mittel zur eine Kombination dieser Effekte zurückzuführen
Entfernung der Gase ein Waschbad oder eine Heizvorrichtung, vorzugsweise erhitzte Walzen, und gegebenenfalls
Trockenvorrichtungen für das Vlies vorgesehen.
Das aktivierende Gas kann ein Halogenwasserstoff, Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd und Schwefeltrioxid
sein. Auf Grund der größeren Absorptionsund Desomtionsgeschwindigkeit und wegen der ver- r~, η - λ
deichsweisen leichten Handhabung wird Chlorwas- 45 "cn in großem Ausmaß von den
serstoffgas besonders bevorzugt. Der Einfachheit und Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den
Kürze halber wird daher nachfolgend Chlorwasseraktivierendes Gas angeführt.
soll das aktivierende Gas bei einer g&» <.ν>ω>."ν-ιι —.. ...
—-■ ..
,„^^ .„1 20 bis 25° C gehalten werden, 50 dadurch den Schmelzpunkt und verbessern die Zug-
SSh,-^-^«r-jSSs SÄSÄ»
oder das Absorptionsausmaß ist die Polymerisatketten innerhalb df ^Struktur biegsa^
Obgleich der Mechanismus der Bindung nicht völlig geklärt ist, wird angenommen, daß dieser auf
40 einer Unterbrechung von Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den Polymerisatketten durch Bildung eines
HCl-Komplexes mit der Amidgruppe beruht. In der Polymerisattechnik ist es allgemein bekannt, daß
viele der physikalischen Eigenschaften vr>« Pnlvami-
Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den -CU- una
-NH-Gruppen in benachbarten Po ymensatketten abhängen.
Die Bindungen büden Vernetzungsbmdungen
zwischen den molekularen Ketten und erhohen dh d Shlkt nd verbessern me Zug-
ZbS* der Temperatur abnimmt, bis überhaupt wasserstoff desorbiert wird, bilden sich die Wasser
^'1ddiTPe "SSÄSE
treriTrc^S
SSoÄSE. von Kreuzungen
dend sind. Jedoch können zwei verschiedene Poly- ster auf dem Förderband 22 abzulegen. Wenn die
amide, die selbstbindend sind, aneinander gebunden Fäden auf dem Ablegeband abgelegt sind, werden sie
werden. bis zu dem Ausmaß miteinander gemischt, daß eine Die Bindung wird mit Aussetzungsdauern im Be- zusammenhängende Bahn gebildet wird. Gegebenenreich von 1 Sekunde bis zu mehreren Minuten in Ab- 5 falls kann eine Ameisensäure od. dgl. enthaltende
hängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung und der Struk- Polymerisatlösung auf die Bahn an der Ablegestelle
tür der zu bindenden Materialien erreicht. Eine wirk- gesprüht werden, um den Zusammenhalt der Bahn
same Bindung wurde bei HCl-Konzentrationen im während deren Bewegung zu der Stelle, an welcher
Bereich von 100- bis 25prozentigen Gemischen mit die Bindung stattfindet, zu verbessern.
Luft erzielt. Durch Regelung der Aussetzungsdauer io Zur Überwindung der Schwierigkeit, daß ein unkann die Tiefe des Eindringens des Gases in die ein- gleichmäßiger Bahnrand durch das runde Ablegemuzelnen Fäden mühelos geregelt und auf die für die ster gebildet wird und daß dadurch sich eine Vermin-Erzielung der gewünschten Bindung notwendige derung der Bahngleichmäßigkeit ergibt, sind rand-Tiefe beschränkt werden. Bei der praktischen Aus- κπλ»~λ<» au-i._«_~- «*,......
Luft erzielt. Durch Regelung der Aussetzungsdauer io Zur Überwindung der Schwierigkeit, daß ein unkann die Tiefe des Eindringens des Gases in die ein- gleichmäßiger Bahnrand durch das runde Ablegemuzelnen Fäden mühelos geregelt und auf die für die ster gebildet wird und daß dadurch sich eine Vermin-Erzielung der gewünschten Bindung notwendige derung der Bahngleichmäßigkeit ergibt, sind rand-Tiefe beschränkt werden. Bei der praktischen Aus- κπλ»~λ<» au-i._«_~- «*,......
g hngleichmäßigkeit ergibt, sind rand
T n} Η P^ bildend* Ablenkplatten 24 dicht bei dem Sammel-
?, 8H η T «'Ι S0· guennfr 15 band 22 "»β»1*«*· Diese Platten sind vorzugsweise
5'/0.d.es Querschm tsbereiches der um etwa 15° von der Senkrechten geneigt und sind
Fchen A Sn .TÄSSf 'T EmdntlZunZ """ in eine™ Abstand der gewünschten Bahnbreite vonschen
20 und 50 Vo bevorzugt wird. einander getrennt. Der den Fäden durch den Ver-
Die optimale Aussetzungsdauer ändert sich mit kreuzung*- oder Verquerunßsmechanismus 16 eider
Polymensatzusammensetzung der Konzentration ao teilte (Verschlag ist ettaTgröß^r alsT endgültige
des aktivierenden Gases, dem Fadendurchmesser und Breite der Bahn was zu eeraden Räd Ε?Κ£
der vorhergehenden physikalischen Behandlung der ten mit Ο^^^ί^^^Ά
as zi^jsässsztg. g
Wichtseinheit eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als Fä- «
den mit größerem Titer aus der gleichL Polymerisatzusat E d h bbh
den mit größerem Titer aus der gleichL Polymerisatzusat E d h bbh
Wichtseinheit eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als Fä- « ausströmendeiff,,^ fZT .gg
den mit größerem Titer aus der gleichL Polymerisat- Ku^^^ ^JfiSÄ^ zusammensetzung. Es wurde auch beobachtet, daß hen. Das in dem Saugbehä te 26 meurte Vakuum frisch gesponnene Faden, die nicht gestreckt worden wird vorteilhaft zur Unterstützun«'de? AblaeerZ sind, im allgemeinen eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer der Fäden auf Hernimmt 78 ADiagerung al tkt Fäd fd Lä ^ΑΓ^ί^Τί'
den mit größerem Titer aus der gleichL Polymerisat- Ku^^^ ^JfiSÄ^ zusammensetzung. Es wurde auch beobachtet, daß hen. Das in dem Saugbehä te 26 meurte Vakuum frisch gesponnene Faden, die nicht gestreckt worden wird vorteilhaft zur Unterstützun«'de? AblaeerZ sind, im allgemeinen eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer der Fäden auf Hernimmt 78 ADiagerung al tkt Fäd fd Lä ^ΑΓ^ί^Τί'
g ngsdauer
als gestreckte Fäden erfordern. Längere Ausset- „ Ο^ΑΓ^ί^Τί -. -a
zungsdauern neigen zu einer Erniedrigung der Ziigfe- durct d*PaaDmckmll «» ^ "Ζ™* W'r
stigkeit der Fäden, vermutlich auf Grund einer Ein- führt f Äi Γ
SSS&ÄÄwesentliche Abnahme in der ^
Die Desorption des aktivierenden Gases kann bei 35 ft EtaS SSgiiSS^^S ü£
Zimmertemperatur durch Waschen mit Wasser oder schuß über Auslaß 38 abgeführt Srd Wein wie
einer sehr verdünnten wäßrigen Lösung einer Base oben aneeeeben einp 1 ä™ / 7ΐ ν -u.
erreicht werden, oder sie kann unter vollständig wS wird, Sn S ESeniSeAta ^
serfreien Bedingungen durch Anwendung von Die Bahn ™n h» erniIzt-Wärme erzielt werden. Die letztere Arbeitsweise We 40 teSJÄ«?" ausreichend hohen Rollentet den Vorteil einer einfacheren Gewinnung des ak- SnSmittellnΐ°? ^6"' T- daS i"erwfndete tivierenden Gases. Die für die Desorption erfordert- fflS ^ verdampfen, wöbe, der Druck auschen Temperaturen liegen weit unterhalb der Erwei- F^SerkreuzunL -^ gewu"schit Anzahl J'0" chungs- oder Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate den raden^TwS I « Berührung steher,- und bewik dh ki Äd d hik T e 1? ™ ^f™' Gemusterte Rüg oder Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate den raden^TwS I «
serfreien Bedingungen durch Anwendung von Die Bahn ™n h» erniIzt-Wärme erzielt werden. Die letztere Arbeitsweise We 40 teSJÄ«?" ausreichend hohen Rollentet den Vorteil einer einfacheren Gewinnung des ak- SnSmittellnΐ°? ^6"' T- daS i"erwfndete tivierenden Gases. Die für die Desorption erfordert- fflS ^ verdampfen, wöbe, der Druck auschen Temperaturen liegen weit unterhalb der Erwei- F^SerkreuzunL -^ gewu"schit Anzahl J'0" chungs- oder Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate den raden^TwS I « Berührung steher,- und bewik dh ki Äd d hik T e 1? ™ ^f™' Gemusterte Rüg oder Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate den raden^TwS I «
und bewirken daher keine Änderung der physikall· 45 IeT können 1? α ™ ^f™' Gemusterte Rüschen Eigenschaften der Polymerisate. MusteZlnTZ &\?eTd„n' Um mannigfaltl8e
Die Erfidnung wird an Hand der Zeichnung näher dL vÄW*¥ ^
erläutert, worin in Perspektive eine bevorzugte^ An- des verwendeten
Ordnung der Vorrichtung die für di Dhfühn KSi Z
g y
Die Erfidnung wird an Hand der Zeichnung näher dL vÄW¥ t ^4
läutert, worin in Perspektive eine bevorzugte^ An- des verwendeten SSS-^TV4 1St ^ df
Ordnung der Vorrichtung die für die Durchführung KSi ZtZT^ I" ?***
iSÄSSfSff- VerfahreAS SS
ÄSSgist eine Vorrichtung für die Um- SSS^^S^SSIrS^
Wandlung eines Polymerisates in einen Stoff in einem Z ™ etetΓΑί^^S"Αΐ? S£? *ϊ£
Wandlung eines Polymerisates in einen Stoff in einem Z ™ etetΓΑί^^S"Αΐ? S£? *ϊ£
ss-ajssnr Äar-ΛΑ 55 s--^ä^jis k
losen Fäden 12 aus einlm geschmolzenen L^a- «Ä?ti
stischen Material aneewendet wird. Die ausgespon- D^S^ i
nenen Fäden werfen gedehnt und mit HüfcEr 60
stischen Material aneewendet wird. Die ausgespon- D^S^ i
nenen Fäden werfen gedehnt und mit HüfcEr 60
pneumatisch betriebenen Saugvorrichtung 14 vor- ?SLSSe£Ä w SL
wärtsbewegt, die durch einen Verkreuzungsmecha- de!^^^S^ IS^'f^'S11
nismus 16 mechanisch ausgeschwenkt ^geführt eSe wSn^lnl «Ibst gebundene Bahn
wird. Ein Motor 18 bewegt den Verkreuzungsmecha Svd sCÄT, S ^™' 1^" S1C
nisinus 16 auf einem PaW fest angebrachter FQh- 6δ u^r eSe^InIi1^f ?"β\5° 8^086" ^1^*' ningsstangen 20 hin und her. Die ^^vorrichtungJ4 S uS. ^vfÄ ,r ξ^«1™«"" angeordnet wird bei einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit wTund abzuriS^ l£ ίS ^1?*1 c Wassers ans der BaiJn he^wegt, um die Fäden 12 in eüiem bSib Ϊ ^Α^Γ^£%Ύ£&
nismus 16 mechanisch ausgeschwenkt ^geführt eSe wSn^lnl «Ibst gebundene Bahn
wird. Ein Motor 18 bewegt den Verkreuzungsmecha Svd sCÄT, S ^™' 1^" S1C
nisinus 16 auf einem PaW fest angebrachter FQh- 6δ u^r eSe^InIi1^f ?"β\5° 8^086" ^1^*' ningsstangen 20 hin und her. Die ^^vorrichtungJ4 S uS. ^vfÄ ,r ξ^«1™«"" angeordnet wird bei einer bestimmten Geschwindigkeit wTund abzuriS^ l£ ίS ^1?*1 c Wassers ans der BaiJn he^wegt, um die Fäden 12 in eüiem bSib Ϊ ^Α^Γ^£%Ύ£&
die Rückführung des überschüssigen Wassers zu dem Waschbad vorgesehen. Die Bahn wird dann über
eine Reihe von mit Wasserdampf beheizten TrocknungsroUen 54 vonvärtsbewegt, die bei der Dampftemperatur
von etwa 135° C betrieben werden, bevor sie aufgenommen wird.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung.
Polyhexamethylenadipamid, das auf einen Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
von 0,01 °/o vorgetrocknet ist und eine relative Viskosität (RV) von 29 aufweist, wird durch
eine Spinndüse mit 14 Öffnungen von jeweils etwa 0,023 cm Durchmesser bei etwa 290° C schmelzgesponnen.
Die Spinngeschwindigkeit beträgt 0,35kg/' Std. Die frisch gesponnenen Fäden mit einem Titer
von etwa 1,5 den werden durch eine in einem Abstand von etwa 96,5 cm unterhalb der Spinndüse angeordneten
Saugeinrichtung geleitet, die bei etwa 2,8 atü mit einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,168 Standard-m3/
Minute betrieben wird. Diese gedehnten Fäden werden willkürlich dispergiert und auf einem kontinuierlich
sich bewegenden, mit kleinen Öffnungen versehenen Förderband unter der Wirkung der Saugdüse
und des Saugbehälters unterhalb des Bandes abgelegt. Der Abstand zwischen der Saugdüse und dem
mit kleinen Löchern versehenen Band beträgt 45,8 cm. Die Bahn wird in einer durchgehenden Bahnform
durch das Querbewegen der Saugeinrichtung im rechten Winkel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Förderbandes
hergestellt. Die Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit beträgt 20 Hin- und Herbewegungen je Minute während
einer Vorwärtsbewegung von etwa 22,8 cm, wobei eine Bahn von etwa 35,7 g je ms gebildet wird.
Die Bahn wird mit nassen Bindemitteln, die 70% Ameisensäure und 3O"/o Polyamidfeststoffe enthalten,
mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 2,5 cm3 je Minute besprüht, um die ganze Bahn bis zur weiteren
Behandlung zu verbessern. Die mit dem nassen Bindemittel behandelte Bahn wird mit einer gemusterten
Walze oder Folie unter Ausübung einer Kraft von 2,85 kg/cm bei einer Rollentemperatur von 100° C
geprägt, wobei die Ameisensäure entfernt wird. Aus den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wird die Bahn in
Umpebungsatmosphäre zu der Chlorwasserstoffgasaufbringungskammer
geführt. In dieser Gaskammer wird die Bahn einer Chlorwasserstoffatmosphäre, die
bei einem geringen Vakuum gehalten ist, unterworfen. Die Bahn ist während einer Verweilzeit von etwa
10 Sekunden in der Kammer. Die Strömungsge sch windigkeit von HCl-Gas beträgt 12 g/Min. Das
restliche HO-Gas wird aus der faserigen Bahn durch Waschen in einem schwach alkalischen Bad entfernt.
Überschüssiges Wasser wird aus der Bahn mit Hilfe eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, worauf
über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Aufnahme getrocknet wird. Das erhaltene Faservlies ist kräftig,
drapierfähig und luchähnlich mit einem Grundge wicht von 35,7 g/m*, bei einer Biegelänge von 3,55
cm, mit einer Festigkeit von 1.66 kg/cm*/mf und
einer Stohl-Abriebsbeständigkeit von etwa 2000 Cyclen.
Polyhexamethylenadipamid mit einer relativen Viskosität (RV) von 29 wurde durch eine Spinndüse
mit 14 Öffnungen mit einem Durchmesser von jeweils 0.023 cm bei etwa 290° C schmelzgesponncn.
Die Spinngeschwindigkeit betrug 0,45 kg/Std. Die frisch gesponnenen Fäden wurden durch eine in
einem Abstand von etwa 96,5 cm unterhalb der Spinndüse angebrachte Saugeinrichtung geleitet. Der
Saugstrahl wurde mit 2,8 atü bei einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,168 Standard-m3/Minute geführt. Die gedehnten
Fäden wurden beliebig dispergiert und auf einem sich kontinuierlich bewegenden mit Löchern
versehenen Förderband unter der Wirkung des Saugdüsenstrahles abgelegt. Der Abstand zwischen der
Saugdüse und dem mit Löchern versehenen Band betrug 45,8 cm. Die Bahn wurde kontinuierlich durch
Querbewegung der Saugeinrichtung im Hin- und Her-Takt im rechten Winkel zur Bewegung des mit
Löchern versehenen Förderbandes hergestellt. Die Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit betrug 30 Cyclen/Minute
bei einem Querschlag von 25,4 cm. Zur Herstellung einer Bahn mit einer gleichmäßigen Kantendichte waren geneigte Platten mit einem Abstand von
22,8 cm in Nähe des Förderbandes angebracht. Luftsteuerungsdüsen waren vorgesehen, um einen Luftstrom
abwärts über die Oberfläche der randbildenden Platten zu richten, der die darauf abgelegten Fäden
auf das Band drückte. Diese Luftdüsen wurden mit einem Druck von 2,1 atü betätigt.
Wenn das Förderband bei einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit vorwärtsbewegt wurde, um das
Bahnengewicht zu regeln, wurde eine 22,8 cm breite, gleichmäßig dichte, endlose Bahn von Rand zu Rand
gebildet. Die so gebildete Bahn wurde mit einem nassen Bindemittel, das 70 °/o Ameisensäure und 30 °/o
Polyamidfeststoffe enthielt, mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,41 cnWMinute besprüht, um die weitere
Behandlung zu erleichtern. Die mit dem nassen Bindemittel behandelte Bahn wurde mit einer gemusterten
Kalandrienvalze, die eine Kraft von 59 kg bei einer Temperatur von 130° C ausübte, geprägt. Von
den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wurde die Bahn in Umgebungsatmosphäre, die bei einer relativen
Feuchtigkeit von 60°/o bei 21,1 ' C gehalten war, zu
der HCl-Gas-Aufbringkammcr bewegt. In der HCl-Gas-Aufbringkammer
wurde die Bahn an das bei einem Vakuum von 40,6 cm Hg-Säule gehaltene
HCl-Gas ausgesetzt. Die Bahn war während einer Verweilzeit von etwa 7 Sekunden in der Kammer.
Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des HCl-Gases betrug 8 g'Minute. Das zurückbleibende HCl-Gas wurde
aus der faserigen Bahn desorbiert und in einem Bad gewaschen, das NaOH enthielt und bei einem
pH-Wert von 11 bis 13 bei 30° C gehalten wurde.
Überschüssiges Wasser wurde aus der Bahn mi Hilfe eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, wor
auf über mehreren erhitzten Rollen vor der Auf nähme getrocknet wurde. Das erhaltene Faservlie
war kräftig, drapierfähig und tuchähnlich und besal ein Grundgewicht von 112 g/m2, eine Stärke voi
635 u, eine Zugfestigkeit von 44,6 g/cm* jeg je m!
eine Dehnung von 50 0O, eine Biegclänge von 5,3
cm und eine StoH-Biegungs-Abriebsbeständigke von 1775 Cyclen.
Polyhexamethylenadipamid, das auf ein Feuchti] keitsausmaß von 0,OJ °/o getrocknet war, mit eim
relativen Viskosität (RV) von 30 wurde durch eh Spinndüse mit 14 Öffnungen bei 29O0C schmelzg
spönnen und durch eine unterhalb der Spinndüse ai geordnete Luftsaugeinrichtung geleitet. Die Fädi
wurden gedehnt und gleichförmig auf ein sich bewegendes mit Löchern versehenes Förderband abgegeben.
Die Bahn wurde kontinuierlich gebildet und war aus Fäden mit einem Titer von 1,9 den mit einer Festigkeit
von 3,8 g/den und einer Bruchdehnung von 134°/o zusammengesetzt. Die Bahn wurde mit einem
nassen Bindemittel zur Regelung von deren Bildung und zur Erleichterung der Handhabung bis zur Bindung
der Fäden besprüht. Das Bahngewicht betrug 97 g/m2. Die Bahn wurde zum Verdichten der Fäden
10
bei 15,6 atü bei 1500C flachgepreßt und mit Hilfe
einer Gasaufbringkammer, die bei einem Vakuum von 25,4 mm Hg-Säule gehalten wurde, reinem
HCl-Gas 10 Sekunden ausgesetzt. Das Gas wurde durch die Bahn mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 20
g/Min, geleitet. Durch eine Umgebungsatmosphäre wurde das Gas mit Hilfe getrockneter Hitze von
einer Infrarotstrahlenquelle bei 150° C in 20 Sekunden entfernt. Das erhaltene Faservlies bestand aus
ίο einem kräftigen biegsamen Stoff mit einer Festigkeit von 16,8 g/cm/g/m2 und einer Biegelänge von 4,8 cm.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (6)
1. Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung wurde aber durch Zugabe von besonderen Bmdemtvon
Vliesen aus Fasern, die wenigstens 10 Ge- 5 teln oder durch Erweichen der Faser mit Hilfe von
Wichtsprozent Polyamid enthalten? wobei man Hitze, Lösungsmitteln oder Weichmachern erreicht,
endlose Fäden aus einer Polyamid enthaltenden Die Bindemittel können m Form von Pulvern, Lo-Polymerschmelze
spinnt und pneumatisch dehnt, sungen, Emulsionen oder in horm von fasern andie
Fäden auf ein Förderband unter Bildung gewendet werden. . .. Mn-n, .
einer gleichförmigen Vliesbahn ablegt und die io So ist aus der britischen Patentschrift 880703 em Bahn einer Behandlung zur Bindung der sich be- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesen aus regenerührenden Fäden unterwirft, dadurch ge- rierter Cellulose, die einen Knstallisaüonsgrad von k e η η ζ e i c h η e t, daß man die Bahn vorpreßt über 50 ·/. aufweist, bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren und anschließend mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bor- wird der amorphe Anteil der regenerierten Cellulose trifluorid-, Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltri- 15 mit Natronlauge plastifiziert wobei eine ausreioxydgas in einer Kammer unter Absorption des chende Verschmelzung stattfindet.
einer gleichförmigen Vliesbahn ablegt und die io So ist aus der britischen Patentschrift 880703 em Bahn einer Behandlung zur Bindung der sich be- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesen aus regenerührenden Fäden unterwirft, dadurch ge- rierter Cellulose, die einen Knstallisaüonsgrad von k e η η ζ e i c h η e t, daß man die Bahn vorpreßt über 50 ·/. aufweist, bekannt. Bei diesem Verfahren und anschließend mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bor- wird der amorphe Anteil der regenerierten Cellulose trifluorid-, Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltri- 15 mit Natronlauge plastifiziert wobei eine ausreioxydgas in einer Kammer unter Absorption des chende Verschmelzung stattfindet.
Gases an die Fäden behandelt und daß man dann In der belgischen Patentschrift 690 725 wird terner
das absorbierte Gas aus den Fäden unter Bin- ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vliesen unter
dungsbildung entfernt. Verwendung von Wasserdampf beschrieben. Das
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch I1 dadurch ge- ao Verfahren arbeitet bei Temperaturen, die hoch genug
kennzeichnet, daß man auf die Bahn zur weiteren sind, um ein Verkleben der einzelnen Faden zu beVerdichtung
und Stabilisierung unmittelbar nach wirken.
der Ablage ein Polyamidbindemittel, Vorzugs- Alle diese Verfahren sind allerdings mit gewissen
weise Ameisensäure aufbringt und vor der Gas- Nachteilen verbunden.
behandlung bei einer zur Verdampfung der 25 Die Verwendung von besonderen Bindemitteln
Ameisensäure ausreichenden Temperatur kalan- bringi Probleme hinsichtlich des gleichmäßigen Aufdriert.
bringens mit sich. Eine Selbstbindung mit Hilfe von
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 Hitze läßt sich nur schwer kontrollieren und verän-
und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den Ha- dert außerdem das Aussehen des Vlieses in unerlogenwasserstoff,
das Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldi- 30 wünschter Weise.
oxyd oderSchwefeltrioxyd aus dem Vlies in einem Bei Verwendung eines Lösungsmittels wird nur
Waschbad oder in einer im wesentlichen trocke- schwer die Haftung zwischen den Fasern ohne Aufnen
Umgebung, die auf etwa 90 bis 200° C er- lösung des Vlieses oder zumindest ohne Beeinträchtihitzt
ist, entfernt bzw. desorbiert. gung der physikalischen Eigenschaften erreicht. Die
4. Verfahren nach Ansprach 2, dadurch ge- 35 Schnittpunkte und Kreuzungsstellen, an denen die
kennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn nach der Gasbe- Fasern gebunden sind, sind außerdem häufig in unerhandlung
kalandriert. wünschter Weise gequollen. Oder es zeigen sich An-
5. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Vliesen auf zeichen für eine Lösung und Wiederabscheidung von
der Basis von Polyamid enthaltenden Fasern Polymerisat, eine Erscheinung, die als Polymerisatdurch
Behandlung der versponnenen Endlosfä- 40 wanderung bezeichnet wird.
den mit Halogenwasserstoff-, Bortrifluorid-, Die gequollenen Bereiche um die Bindungen
Schwefeldioxyd- oder Schwefeltrioxydgas, mit herum unterscheiden sich von den anderen durch
Schmelzspinndüsen, einer pneumatischen Ver- eine verschiedene Farbstoff auf nahmefähigkeit als
Streckungsvorrichtung, einem perforierten endlo- Folge von Veränderungen in der Kristallstruktur. Die
sen Band zur Ablage der aus den Spinndüsen 45 Produkte lassen sich infolgedessen nicht gleichmäßig
austretenden und anschließend verstreckten Fä- anfärben.
den, insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehen- Es besteht daher ein Bedürfnis an einem Verfah-
den Ansprüche 1 bis 4, gekennzeichnet durch ren, nach dem sich Produkte herstellen lassen, die
einen Kalander vor der Eintrittsöffnung des end- die oben geschilderten Nachteile nicht mehr aufweilosen
Bandes in eine Gasbehandlungskammer so- 50 sen, die sich also insbesondere gleichmäßig anfärben
wie Mittel zum Desorbieren der in der Gasbe- lassen,
handlungskammer aufgenommenen Gase. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren
handlungskammer aufgenommenen Gase. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit ein Verfahren
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch ge- zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus Fakennzeichnet,
daß als Mittel zur Entfernung der sera, die wenigstens 10 Gewichtsprozent Polyamid
Gase ein Waschbad oder eine Heizvorrichtung, 55 enthalten, wobei man Endlosfäden aus einer PoIyvorzugsweise
erhitzte Walzen, und gegebenenfalls amid enthaltenden Polymerschmelze spinnt und pneu-Trockenvorrichtungen
für das Vlies vorgesehen matisch dehnt, die Fäden auf ein Förderband unter
sind. Bildung einer gleichförmigen Vliesbahn ablegt und
die Bahn einer Behandlung zur Bindung der sich be-60 rührenden Fäden unterwirft, das dadurch gekennzeichnet
ist, daß man die Bahn vorpreßt und an-
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US64672067A | 1967-06-16 | 1967-06-16 | |
US87755769A | 1969-11-21 | 1969-11-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1760662A1 DE1760662A1 (de) | 1972-01-05 |
DE1760662B2 true DE1760662B2 (de) | 1975-02-06 |
DE1760662C3 DE1760662C3 (de) | 1975-10-02 |
Family
ID=27094999
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1760662A Expired DE1760662C3 (de) | 1967-06-16 | 1968-06-18 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus pdyamidhaltigen Fäden |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3542615A (de) |
BE (1) | BE716610A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1760662C3 (de) |
FR (1) | FR1572627A (de) |
GB (1) | GB1242000A (de) |
LU (1) | LU56247A1 (de) |
NL (1) | NL6808435A (de) |
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US2398831A (en) * | 1944-05-06 | 1946-04-23 | Du Pont | Spinning apparatus and method |
US3184358A (en) * | 1961-06-20 | 1965-05-18 | Multifol Patentverwert Ag | Method of forming laminated plastic tubing |
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NL297313A (de) * | 1962-08-30 | 1900-01-01 |
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1967
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1968
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- 1968-06-14 NL NL6808435A patent/NL6808435A/xx unknown
- 1968-06-14 BE BE716610D patent/BE716610A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-06-17 FR FR1572627D patent/FR1572627A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-06-18 DE DE1760662A patent/DE1760662C3/de not_active Expired
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1969
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GB1242000A (en) | 1971-08-11 |
US3705068A (en) | 1972-12-05 |
NL6808435A (de) | 1968-12-17 |
DE1760662A1 (de) | 1972-01-05 |
DE1760662C3 (de) | 1975-10-02 |
US3542615A (en) | 1970-11-24 |
LU56247A1 (de) | 1969-05-29 |
BE716610A (de) | 1968-12-16 |
FR1572627A (de) | 1969-06-27 |
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