JP5718459B2 - 整列した繊維を有する生物医学的パッチ - Google Patents
整列した繊維を有する生物医学的パッチ Download PDFInfo
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- C12M25/14—Scaffolds; Matrices
Description
本出願は米国仮特許出願第61/355712号(2010年6月17日出願)の利益を主張する。
本発明は、米国国立衛生研究所によって与えられるパイオニア所長賞DP1OD000798−04、および、米国科学財団によって与えられる補助金番号ECS−0335765のもとでの政府援助によりなされた。政府は本発明において一定の権利を有する。
数多くの外科的手法により、生物学的組織(例えば、硬膜として知られている、脳を取り囲む水密性線維膜など)の穿孔または除去が生じる。いくつかの場合には、例えば、最小限に浸襲的な神経外科的手法などでは、比較的少数の小さい穴が硬膜に開けられ、一方で、他の場合には、例えば、進行した腫瘍の外科的切除などでは、硬膜の大きい部分が取り除かれることがある。これらの場合のすべてにおいて、脳を取り囲む組織バリアは、皮質組織への損傷および脳脊髄液の漏出を防止するために修復されなければならない。この修復を容易にするために、神経外科医は、代用硬膜として知られている、生来的な硬膜と同じように作用するポリマー材料または加工された組織のシートを利用する。
本明細書中に提供される実施形態は、生物学的組織を修復することを、複数の繊維を含む生物医学的パッチの使用により容易にする。そのような繊維は、非常に小さい断面直径(例えば、1ナノメートル〜1000ナノメートル)を有することができ、従って、ナノ繊維として示されることがある。生物医学的パッチが本明細書中では硬膜に関連して記載され、代用硬膜として使用されるが、記載される実施形態は、どのような生物学的組織に対してでも適用することができる。その上、生物医学的パッチとして記載されているが、整列した繊維を有する構造物は他の目的のために使用することができる。従って、記載される実施形態は生物医学的パッチに限定されない。
図1は、半径方向に整列した繊維の構造物を製造するための代表的な電気紡糸システム100の透視図を示す図である。システム100は、第1の電極0(これは周辺電極として示されることがある)および第2の電極115(これは内側電極または中心電極として示されることがある)を有するコレクター105を含む。システム100はまた、紡糸口金120を含む。周辺電極110により、囲まれた区域125が規定され、中心電極115が、囲まれた区域125のおおよそ中心に配置される。
▽2V=−ρ/ε
式中、Vは電位であり、εは空気の誘電率であり、ρは空間電荷密度である。その後、電場Eを、電位場の負の勾配を取ること(E=−▽V)によって計算することができる。なお、電場は、堆積した繊維によって明らかにされるアライメント効果を確認するために計算された。この計算は、ソフトウエアCOMSOL3.3を使用して行われた。
硬膜は、数多くの細胞および細胞タイプ、細胞外マトリックスタンパク質ならびに栄養因子(これらのすべてが、人工代用硬膜の定着および硬膜化(duralization)において、また、そのような生物医学的パッチのインビボでの成功した履行において重要な役割を果たす)からなる複雑な線維性膜である。半径方向に整列したナノ繊維が天然の硬膜と整合し、移植片への宿主細胞接着を促し、かつ、移植片に沿った宿主細胞遊走を高めることができるかを評価するために、小さい硬膜欠損部の外科的修復のエクスビボモデルが開発された。
PCL(Mw=65kDa、Sigma−Aldrich)ナノ繊維を電気紡糸するための典型的な手順において、体積比が8:2であるジクロロメタン(DCM)およびN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)(Fisher Chemical)の混合物における20%(w/v)PCLの溶液を使用した。繊維を、紡糸口金としての23ゲージのニードルとともに、0.5mL/hからの範囲の供給速度を用いて、10kV〜17kVで紡糸した。アルミニウムホイル片を、ランダムナノ繊維の足場を得るためのコレクターとして使用した。半径方向に整列したナノ繊維の足場を、リング電極(例えば、金属リング)および点電極(例えば、鋭利なニードル)からなるコレクターを利用して製作した。電気紡糸されたPCLナノ繊維をフィブロネクチン(Millipore、Temecular、CA)により下記のように被覆した。電気紡糸されたナノ繊維の足場を70%エタノールにおける一晩の浸漬によって殺菌し、リン酸塩緩衝化生理的食塩水(PBS)により3回洗浄した。その後、足場を0.1%のポリ−L−リシン(PLL)(Sigma−Aldrich)溶液に室温で1時間浸け、その後、PBS緩衝液(Invitrogen)により3回洗浄した。続いて、サンプルをフィブロネクチン溶液(26μL、5mLのPBS緩衝液により希釈される50μg/mLのフィブロネクチン溶液)に4℃で一晩浸けた。細胞を播種する前に、フィブロネクチン溶液を除き、ナノ繊維の足場をPBS緩衝液によりゆすいだ。
インビボ実験を、生来的なブタ硬膜における12ミリメートルの直径の硬膜欠損部を与えることによって行った。欠損部が、コラーゲンの代用硬膜、ランダム配向したノノ繊維を有する単層代用硬膜、および、(例えば、図8を参照して上記で記載されるように)1層の半径方向に整列したナノ繊維が層毎の積み重ねにより第2の層のランダム配向したナノ繊維に融合される二層代用硬膜を用いて修復された。コントロール群において、欠損部は非修復であった。
いくつかの実施形態において、コレクターは、区域に少なくとも部分的に外接する複数の電極と、この区域の中に配置される第2の電極とを含む。これらの電極はアレイ(例えば、グリッドパターンおよび/または他の多角形パターンなど)で配列させることができ、電極に堆積するポリマーにより、コレクターの電極の間に広がる繊維を、繊維が複数の多角形の辺を規定するように形成させることができ、ただし、この場合、電極が多角形の頂点に配置される。いくつかの実施形態において、そのような繊維によって作製される構造物は、例えば、構造物に細胞を播種し、構造物全体にわたる細胞の増殖を促すために細胞をインキュベートすることなどによって、細胞マイクロアレイを作製するために使用することができる。
上記のような電極アレイコレクターによって製造される繊維膜または「足場」を、細胞マイクロアレイを作製するための基体としての使用について評価した。細胞を、指定された数の細胞を含有する少量の培地をナノ繊維アレイ内に存在するマイクロウエルに置くことによって足場の表面に選択的に播種した。
整列したナノ繊維を製作し、集めるために使用される電気紡糸システムは、システム2400(図24に示される)と類似していた。電気紡糸のために使用されるポリマー溶液は、体積比が80:20であるジクロロメタン(DCM)およびジメチルホルムアルデヒド(DMF)の混合溶媒における20%のPCL(w/v)を含有した。コレクターは、直径がそれぞれ1mmおよび2mmであるステンレススチール製マイクロビーズのアセンブリーを含んでいた。繊維膜を培養プレートに移し、その後、医療用シリコン接着剤によって固定した。PCL繊維を、15kVの加速電圧での走査型電子顕微鏡による画像化の前に金によりスパッターコーティングした。
実験結果を参照して上記で記載される電極アレイの具体的な例に加えて、様々なナノ繊維構造物(例えば、本明細書中に記載されるナノ繊維構造物など)が様々な他の電極アレイにより製造され得ることが意図される。図31A〜図31Dは、様々な電極アレイを使用して製造される膜を示す走査型電子顕微鏡観察画像である。
105 コレクター
110 電極(周辺電極)
112 高さ
115 電極(内側電極または中心電極)
120 紡糸口金
120A 中実繊維用紡糸口金
120B 中空繊維用紡糸口金
130 電源
135 導体
140 ポリマー
145 導体
150 シリンジ
155 シリンジポンプ
160 ポリマーの流れ
162 導電性表面
164 マスク
165 繊維
170 生物医学的パッチ
175 中心
180 本体
182 中心線
184 末端部
186 環帯部
188B 中心体
305 生物医学的パッチ
400、410 生物医学的パッチ層
405 ランダム配向した繊維(半径方向に整列していない繊維)
415 半径方向に整列した繊維
505 コレクター
510 内側周辺電極
520 外側周辺電極
530、535 繊維
550 生物医学的パッチ
2405 コレクター
2410 電極(周辺電極)
2420 電極(内側電極)
2430 繊維
2500 コレクター
2505 電極(周辺電極)
2510 電極(内側電極)
2520 電極
2605 電極
2705 ナノ繊維膜
2715 ウエル
3200 コレクター
3205 周辺電極
3215 内側電極
Claims (18)
- 複数の繊維を含む構造物を製造するためのシステムであって、
区域に外接する複数の第1の周辺電極;
前記区域の中に配置される第2の電極;および
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極が第1の極性で帯電し、かつ、紡糸口金が前記第1の極性とは逆の第2の極性で電気的に帯電しながら、ポリマーを分配するために構成される紡糸口金を含み、
分配されたポリマーにより、前記第2の電極から前記第1の電極にまで広がる複数の繊維が形成される、システム。 - 前記区域が第1の区域であり、前記システムはさらに、前記第1の区域の外側に配置され、かつ、前記第1の極性で帯電するために構成される複数の第3の電極を含み、前記第3の電極、前記第2の電極、および、前記周辺電極の一部により、前記第1の区域と部分的に重なる第2の区域が規定され、かつ、前記周辺電極のうちの第1の周辺電極が前記第2の区域の中に配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極および前記紡糸口金に電気的に接続される電源をさらに含み、前記電源は、
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極を前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電させ、かつ
前記紡糸口金を前記第2の極性で電気的に帯電させるために構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 複数の繊維を含む構造物を製造するための装置であって、
区域に少なくとも部分的に外接する複数の第1の電極;
前記区域の中に配置され、かつ、前記第1の電極に電気的に接続される第2の電極;および
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極に電気的に接続される電源であって、前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極を第1の極性で電気的に帯電させるために構成される電源を含み、
前記第2の電極に関して位置合わせされ、かつ、前記第1の極性とは逆の第2の極性で帯電する紡糸口金がポリマーを分配するとき、分配されたポリマーにより、前記第2の電極から前記第1の電極にまで広がる複数の繊維が形成される、装置。 - 前記第1の電極が前記第2の電極を取り囲む、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 半径方向に整列した繊維を含む構造物を製造するためのシステムであって、
囲まれた区域を規定する第1の電極;
前記囲まれた区域の中心に配置される第2の電極;および
前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極が第1の極性で帯電し、かつ、紡糸口金が前記第1の極性とは逆の第2の極性で電気的に帯電しながら、ポリマーを分配するために構成される紡糸口金を含み、
分配されたポリマーにより、前記第2の電極から前記第1の電極にまで広がる複数の半径方向に整列した繊維が形成される、システム。 - 前記第1の電極が、円形の囲まれた区域を規定するリングを構成する、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の電極が第1の囲まれた区域を規定し、前記システムはさらに、
前記第1の囲まれた区域よりも大きい第2の囲まれた区域を規定し、かつ、前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電するために構成される第3の電極
を含み、
前記第3の電極が前記第1の電極と同心状に配向しており、かつ、
分配されたポリマーにより、前記第1の電極から前記第3の電極にまで広がる複数の繊維がさらに形成される、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記第1の電極、前記第2の電極および前記紡糸口金に電気的に接続される電源をさらに含み、
前記電源は、前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極を前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電させ、かつ、前記紡糸口金を前記第2の極性で電気的に帯電させるために構成されており、
前記囲まれた区域が水平面を規定し、かつ、
前記紡糸口金が前記第2の電極に関して位置合わせされ、前記水平面から垂直方向に偏位させられる、
請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 繊維の構造物を製造するための方法であって、
中心を有する区域を規定する1つまたは複数の第1の電極を第1の極性で電気的に帯電させること;
前記規定された区域の中心に配置される第2の電極を前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電させること;
紡糸口金を前記第1の極性とは逆の第2の極性で電気的に帯電させること、ここで、前記紡糸口金は前記第2の電極に関して位置合わせされる;および
ポリマーを前記紡糸口金から分配して、前記第2の電極から前記1つまたは複数の第1の電極にまで広がる繊維の構造物を作製することを含む方法。 - 前記ポリマーを分配することが、半径方向に整列した繊維の層を作製するために、前記第2の電極から前記第1の電極にまで広がる複数のポリマー繊維を形成させることを含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記半径方向に整列した繊維の層を作製した後で、
前記電荷を前記第1の電極および前記第2の電極から除くこと;
前記半径方向に整列した繊維の層の下側にある導電性表面を前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電させること;および
前記ポリマーを前記紡糸口金から分配して、半径方向に整列していない繊維の層を、前記半径方向に整列した繊維の層の上に作製することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記1つまたは複数の第1の電極が、内側区域を規定する1つまたは複数の内側電極であり、かつ、前記半径方向に整列した繊維の層が、半径方向に整列した繊維の内側区域であり、
前記内側区域よりも大きい外側区域を規定する1つまたは複数の外側電極を前記第1の極性で電気的に帯電させること;および
前記ポリマーを前記紡糸口金から分配して、前記内側電極から前記外側電極にまで広がる半径方向に整列した繊維の外側区域を作製することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記ポリマーを分配しながら、マスクを、前記紡糸口金と、前記1つまたは複数の第1の電極との間に適用することをさらに含み、
前記ポリマーを分配することが、液状ポリマーを前記第2の電極に向かって分配することを含み、かつ、
前記1つまたは複数の第1の電極を帯電させることが、前記第2の電極を取り囲む円形の電極を帯電させることを含む、
請求項10に記載の方法。 - 生物学的組織における空隙部を修復するための繊維構造物であって、中心および周囲を規定し、前記中心と、前記周囲との間に広がる複数の半径方向に整列したポリマー繊維を含む繊維構造物。
- 前記複数の半径方向に整列した繊維により第1の層が規定され、前記繊維構造物はさらに、複数の半径方向に整列していない繊維を含む第2の層を含む、請求項15に記載の繊維構造物。
- 生物学的組織における欠損部を修復するための生物医学的パッチであって、
空隙部を覆うことができ、かつ、
該生物医学的パッチの中心から該生物医学的パッチの周囲にまで広がる複数の半径方向に整列したポリマー繊維を含む、生物医学的パッチ。 - 生物医学的物質が適用されている請求項17に記載の生物医学的パッチであって、前記生物医学的物質が、増殖因子、タンパク質、薬物および化学療法剤のうちの1つまたは複数を含む、生物医学的パッチ。
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KR101862555B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-29 | 2018-05-30 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | 세포 배양용 용기 |
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