CN1957332A - 具有仲裁分组协议的存储器仲裁系统及方法 - Google Patents
具有仲裁分组协议的存储器仲裁系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种存储器集线器和一种用于在存储器集线器的数据通路上发送读出响应的方法,其中该存储器集线器插入在发送存储器集线器和接收存储器集线器之间。在存储器集线器中接收仲裁分组,其包含表表示用于相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据。解码该仲裁分组,并且根据该仲裁分组的数据来配置该数据通路。在存储器集线器中接收该相关读出响应并且将该相关读出响应耦合到用于将其发送到接收存储器集线器的经配置的数据通路上。
Description
本发明要求在2004年3月24日提交的,题为MEMORYARBITRATION SYSTEM AND METHOD HAVING ARBITRATIONPACKET PROTOCOL,编号为10/809,839的美国专利申请的申请日的权益,其引入于此以供参考。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及用于基于处理器的计算系统的存储器系统,更具体地,涉及具有仲裁系统的基于集线器的存储器系统以及用于在此管理存储器响应的方法。
背景技术
计算机系统使用诸如动态随机存取存储器(“DRAM”)设备此类的存储器设备,来存储由处理器访问的数据。这些存储器设备通常在计算机系统中用作系统存储器。在典型的计算机系统中,处理器通过处理器总线和存储器控制器与系统存储器通信。典型地安排在含有多个存储器设备的存储器模块中的系统存储器的存储器设备,通过存储器总线耦合到存储器控制器。处理器发出存储器请求,该存储器请求包括诸如读出命令此类的存储器命令,以及指定要从中读出数据或指令的位置的地址。存储器控制器使用该命令和地址来生成,通过存储器总线应用于系统存储器的适当的命令信号以及行和列地址。响应所述命令和地址,在系统存储器和处理器之间传送数据。存储器控制器常常是系统控制器的一部分,系统控制器还包括用于将处理器总线耦合到诸如PCI总线此类的扩充总线的总线桥电路。
在存储器系统中,高数据带宽是所希望的。一般地,带宽限制不是和存储器控制器有关的,因为存储器控制器对进入系统存储器的数据和来自系统存储器的数据的排序和存储器设备允许的一样快。一种已经用来增大带宽的方法是增大将存储器控制器耦合到存储器设备的存储器数据总线的速度。因此,相同量的信息可以在更少的时间内在存储器数据总线上进行移动。然而,尽管增大了存储器数据总线的速度,但是在带宽方面还是没有相应的增加。数据总线速度和带宽之间非线性的关系的一个原因是存储器设备本身内部的硬件限制。也就是,存储器控制器必须对给存储器设备的所有命令进行调度,从而使得硬件限制要被加以考虑(honored)。尽管这些硬件限制能够通过存储器设备的设计而得到一定程度的减少,但是还是必须做出折衷,因为减少硬件限制通常增加了存储器设备的成本、功率、和/或尺寸,这些都是不希望有的事物。因此,假定有这些约束,尽管对于存储器设备来说以日益提高的速度来移动“循规蹈矩的”流量是容易的,例如,对于存储器设备的相同页的后续流量,但是对于存储器设备来说解决“不循规蹈矩的流量”还是困难很多的,“不循规蹈矩的流量”是例如在存储器设备的不同页和存储体之间跳动。
除了处理器和存储器设备之间受限带宽之外,计算机系统的性能还受限于等待时间(latency)的问题,等待时间的问题增大了从系统存储器设备读出数据所必需的时间。更具体的是,当将存储器设备读出命令耦合到诸如同步DRAM(“SDRAM”)设备此类的系统存储器设备的时候,所读出数据仅仅在几个时钟周期的延迟之后才能从该SDRAM设备输出。因此,尽管SDRAM设备能够以高的数据速度同步输出猝发(burst)数据,但是在最初提供该数据期间的延迟会显著地降低使用所述SDRAM设备的计算机系统的工作速度。增大存储器数据总线速度能够用来帮助减轻等待时间的问题。但是,如同带宽的情况一样,存储器数据总线速度的增大没有产生等待时间的线性降低,本质上是出于与之前论述的相同的原因。
尽管在增大带宽和降低等待时间方面,增大存储器数据总线速度在一定程度上已经是成功的,但是这个方法引起了其它的问题。例如,随着存储器数据总线的速度的增大,存储器总线上的负载需要减少以便维持信号完整性,因为传统地,在存储器控制器和插入存储器模块的存储器插槽之间已仅仅存在线了。几种方法已经用来适应存储器数据总线速度的增大。例如,降低存储器插槽的数目、增加在存储器模块上的缓冲器电路以便为存储器模块上的存储器设备提供足够的控制信号的扇出(fanout)、以及在存储器模块上提供多个存储器设备接口,因为在单个存储器设备接口上存在的存储器模块连接器太少。然而,这些传统方法的效果是有限的。之所以过去使用这些技术的原因是这样做是节省成本的。但是,当在每个接口中只能插入一个存储器模块的时候,为每一个所必需的存储器插槽添加分离的存储器接口就变得非常昂贵。换句话说,它将系统控制器封装推出了日用商品行列,而推入了奢侈品行列,从而大大增加了成本。
允许采用节约成本的方式来增大存储器数据总线速度的一种新近的方法是使用通过存储器集线器耦合到处理器的多个存储器设备。在存储器集线器结构、或基于集线器的存储器子系统中,系统控制器或存储器控制器通过高速双向或单向存储器控制器/集线器接口耦合到几个存储器模块。典型的是,存储器模块是以点对点或菊花链的结构进行耦合的,从而使得存储器模块串联地与彼此连接。因此在菊花链的方式中,该存储器控制器耦合到第一存储器模块上,第一存储器模块连接在第二存储器模块上,而第二存储器模块耦合到第三存储器模块上,等等。
每一个存储器模块包括耦合到存储器控制器/集线器接口上的存储器集线器和在该模块上的许多存储器设备,存储器集线器有效地路由通过存储器控制器/集线器接口的、在该控制器和所述存储器设备之间的存储器请求和响应。采用这种结构的计算机系统能够使用高速存储器数据总线,因为信号完整性在存储器数据总线上能够得到保持。而且,这种结构还为系统存储器的轻松扩充做了准备,没有像在传统存储器总线体系结构中出现的那样的,在增加更多存储器模块的时候的对于信号质量退化的担忧。
尽管使用存储器集线器的计算机系统能够提供出众的性能,各种因素还是可能影响存储器系统的性能。例如,管理从一个存储器集线器上行到另一个存储器集线器的读出数据的流(即,后退到计算机系统中的存储器集线器控制器)会影响读出等待时问。存储器集线器对读出数据流的管理可以一般地称为仲裁,每一个存储器集线器在本地存储器读出响应和上游存储器读出响应之间进行仲裁。也就是,每一个存储器集线器确定是先发送本地存储器读出响应还是先转发来自下游(即,更远离存储器集线器控制器的)存储器集线器的存储器读出响应。尽管对于哪一个存储器读出响应有更低的优先级的确定仅仅会影响该特定存储器读出响应的等待时间,但是具有增大等待时间的存储器读出响应的附加效应会影响存储器系统的整体等待时间。因此,存储器集线器所采用的仲裁技术直接影响存储器系统的整体性能。此外,仲裁方案的实现也会影响整体读出等待时间,因为尽管使用了合意的仲裁方案,效率差的实现会对系统存储器性能产生负面影响。因此,存在的需求是一种系统及方法,其用于在具有存储器集线器结构的系统存储器中实现管理存储器响应的仲裁方案。
发明内容
根据该发明的一个方面的一种方法包括在发送存储器集线器和接收存储器集线器之间插入的存储器集线器的数据通路上发送读出响应。所述方法包括在存储器集线器中接收仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据。对该仲裁分组进行解码,并且根据该仲裁分组的数据来配置该数据通路。在存储器集线器中接收相关读出响应,并且将该相关读出响应耦合到用于将其发送到接收存储器集线器的经配置的数据通路。
在该发明的另一方面中,提供了耦合到至少一个存储器设备的存储器集线器。该存储器集线器包括远程和本地的输入节点、输出节点、以及耦合到远程和本地的输入节点并且进一步到输出节点的可配置的数据通路。该存储器集线器还包括仲裁控制电路,其耦合到可配置的数据通路、输出节点、以及远程输入节点的。仲裁控制电路生成用于通过本地节点耦合的相关读出响应的仲裁分组,该仲裁分组包含表示用于相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据。该仲裁控制电路还能在准备将通过远程输入节点耦合的相关读出响应耦合到输出节点时,根据通过远程输入节点耦合的仲裁分组所包括的数据来配置可配置的数据通路。
根据该发明的另一方面,提供了存储器集线器,其含有耦合到输入节点和输出节点之间的旁路数据通路,并且还包括仲裁控制电路,其中在该旁路数据通路上,该旁路数据通路响应于被启用(enable)而耦合读出响应。该仲裁控制电路耦合到该旁路数据通路,并响应于从耦合到该存储器集线器的存储器设备中获得读出数据的步骤而生成仲裁分组。该仲裁分组含有数据通路字段,该字段包含启用上游存储器集线器的旁路数据通路的激活数据。该仲裁控制电路还从下游存储器集线器接收仲裁分组,并启用该旁路数据通路,以将也是从该下游存储器集线器接收的读出响应从该输入节点耦合到该输出节点。
附图说明
图1是含有可以实现本发明的实施例的基于存储器集线器的系统存储器的计算机系统的局部框图;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的仲裁控制元件的功能性框图,该元件可以在图1的存储器集线器中采用;
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的仲裁分组和存储器响应的数据结构图;以及
图4是根据本发明的一个实施例的、图3的仲裁控制元件的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
图4示出了具有存储器集线器结构的计算机系统100,其中本发明的实施例可以得到采用。计算机系统100包括用于执行各种计算功能的处理器104,例如执行特定软件来执行具体计算或任务的。处理器104包括处理器总线106,处理器总线106通常包括地址总线、控制总线、以及数据总线。处理器总线106典型地是耦合到高速缓冲存储器108上,高速缓冲存储器108典型地是静态随机存取存储器(“SRAM”)。处理器总线106还耦合到系统控制器110,系统控制器110也称为总线桥。
系统控制器110还为多种其它元件充当到处理器104的通信通路。更具体地,系统控制器110包括图形端口,图形端口典型地耦合到图形控制器112,图形控制器112进而耦合到视频终端114。系统控制器110还耦合到一个或更多的诸如键盘或鼠标此类的输入设备118上,以允许操作员与计算机系统100连接。典型的是,计算机系统100还包括一个或更多的诸如打印机此类的输出设备120,输出设备120通过系统控制器110耦合到处理器104。一个或更多数据存储设备124也典型地通过系统控制器110耦合到处理器104,以允许处理器104存储数据或从内部或外部的存储介质(未示出)获取数据。典型存储设备124的实例包括硬盘和软盘、盒式磁带、以及只读光盘存储器(CD-ROM)。
系统控制器110包含通过总线系统154、156耦合到几个存储器模块130a-n的存储器集线器控制器128。存储器模块130a-n中的每一个包括通过共同显示为总线150的命令、地址以及数据总线而耦合到几个存储器设备148的存储器集线器140。存储器集线器140在控制器128和存储器设备148之间有效地路由存储器请求和响应。存储器集线器140中的每一个包括写缓冲器和读出数据缓冲器。使用这种结构的计算机系统允许处理器104在一个存储器模块130a-n正在响应在先的存储器请求的同时访问另一个存储器模块130a-n。例如,处理器104能够在该系统中一个存储器模块130a-n正准备提供读出数据给处理器104同时,输出写入数据到该系统中另一个存储器模块130a-n中的一个。此外,存储器集线器结构还能够在计算机系统中提供大大增大的存储器容量。
图2是示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的仲裁控制元件200的功能性框图。仲裁控制元件200能够包含在图1的存储器集线器140中。如图2中所示,仲裁控制元件200包括用于存储相关存储器响应的两个队列。本地响应队列202接收并存储来自相关存储器模块130上的存储器设备148的本地存储器响应LMR。远程响应队列206接收并存储不能立即通过旁路通路204向上游转发的下游存储器响应。仲裁控制电路210通过控制/状态总线136耦合到队列202、206,控制/状态总线136允许仲裁控制电路210监视队列202、206中的每一个的内容,并在控制多路复用器208时利用这信息,从而控制由存储器集线器140执行的总的仲裁过程。控制/状态总线136还允许“握手”信号从队列202、206耦合到仲裁控制电路210,以协调从仲裁控制电路210到队列202、206的控制信号的传送。
仲裁控制电路210还耦合到高速链路134上,以接收来自下游存储器集线器的仲裁分组。正如下面将更详细说明的那样,仲裁分组是在相关存储器响应之前提供的,并且为上游存储器集线器的仲裁控制电路210提供信息,以预料到会接收该相关存储器,并启用通过的接收存储器集线器的适当通路。此外,在响应读出请求而从存储器设备148(图1)读出数据的时候,仲裁控制电路210生成要在相关LMR之前提供的仲裁分组,来充当相关存储器响应的提前指示。正如之前所论述的,仲裁分组会在存储器响应到来之前,把适当信息供给上游存储器集线器,并给各个仲裁控制电路210做出关于启用适当数据通路的决定的时间。在正从存储器设备148获取针对存储器响应的读出数据的同时,仲裁控制电路210准备仲裁分组。将仲裁分组通过转换器212提供到多路复用器208或本地响应队列202,这取决于上游存储器集线器是空闲还是繁忙。在仲裁控制电路的控制下,多路转换器208耦合高速链路134,以接收来自远程响应队列206或旁路通路204的存储器响应、来自仲裁控制电路210的仲裁分组、或来自本地响应队列202的仲裁分组和存储器响应。例如,数据结构300的数据字段的数据和类型可以改变,或者用于每一比特时间的比特的数目可以改变,并仍然保持在本发明的范围之内。在本发明的一个替换实施例中,仲裁分组是在仲裁分组电路中生成的,而不是在仲裁控制电路210中,如图2中所示的那样。此外,尽管图2中显示的是,提供仲裁分组给多路复用器208以将其注入到数据流中,也可以替换地提供仲裁分组到本地响应队列202并在放置在相关读出响应分组之前,以将其注入到该数据流中。本领域的技术人员应当理解,本发明的实施例的修改,例如生成仲裁分组的位置或在将仲裁分组放置到相关数据分组之前的数据流中的方式,可以在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下做出。
图3示出了根据本发明的实施例用于仲裁分组和存储器响应的数据结构300。数据结构300分成8个字节的信息,每一个字节的信息对应于顺序的比特时间。每一个比特时间表示一个时间的增量,在时间增量中可以提供新的数据。响应首部字段302包含两个字节的数据,该数据指示该响应是仲裁分组还是存储器响应。地址字段304包含用来标识仲裁分组或存储器响应所送往的特定集线器的数据。命令码字段306会具有将数据结构300标识为仲裁分组,而不是存储器响应的值。仲裁分组和存储器响应相似,除了对于仲裁分组来说数据字段308的数据净荷是“随意的”。在数据结构300中,大小字段310的全部16比特都含有相同的值,以指示该存储器响应所含数据净荷的大小。例如,“0”指示包含32字节的数据,“1”指示包含64字节的数据。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,图3中所示的数据结构300的实施例已经通过举例的方式加以提供了,对数据结构300的修改可以在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下做出。
仲裁控制元件200(图2)的操作将参考图4的流程图来描述。紧跟读出数据命令的接收之后,在步骤402中,存储器集线器针对将提供给请求目标的存储器响应来初始化读出操作,以从存储器设备148(图1)中获取所请求的读出数据。在步骤404中,该存储器集线器的仲裁控制电路210通过检查本地响应队列202的状态来确定本地数据通路是不是空闲的。如果本地数据通路是空闲的,那么就在步骤406中从存储器设备148获取读出数据的期间由仲裁控制电路210生成仲裁分组。当该仲裁分组和存储器响应已经准备好了,并且准备好传输的时候,在步骤408中查询上游存储器集线器以确定其是否繁忙。在上游存储器集线器是空闲的场合,在步骤410、412中,将该仲裁分组发送给该上游存储器集线器,接着就发送该存储器响应。然而,如果该上游存储器集线器繁忙,那么就在步骤414中抛弃该仲裁分组,并且在步骤416中还将该存储器响应存储在本地响应队列202中。相似地,如果在步骤404中确定本地数据通路繁忙,那么在步骤416中还将该存储器响应存储在本地响应队列202中。在步骤418中,该存储器响应在本地响应队列202中存储,直到根据由该存储器集线器实现的仲裁方案它被选择来发送到上游存储器集线器。在步骤420中,根据仲裁方案将该存储器响应发送经过每一个上游集线器,直到该存储器响应到达目标目的地。适当的仲裁方案在本领域中是众所周知的,将不在此详细加以描述。同样适合使用的仲裁方案的一个实例在由James W.Meyer和Cory Kanski在2003年10月20申请的题为ARBITRATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEMORYRESPONSES IN A HUB-BASED MEMORY SYSTEM,编号为10/690,810的,共同转让的、共同未决的美国专利申请中更详细地加以描述了,其在此引入以供参考。
正如在此所描述的那样,本地和远程响应队列202、206以及旁路通路204被用来实现各种响应仲裁方案。例如,在一个实施例中,仲裁控制电路执行的仲裁方案给予下游响应、或远程响应高于本地响应的优先级。作为选择,在另一个所描述的实施例中,仲裁控制电路执行的仲裁方案给予本地响应以高于下游响应的优先权。在另一个实施例中,仲裁控制电路在来自的本地和下游存储器的预定数目的响应之间交替,例如本地和远程响应可以交替地加以转发,或者两个本地响应被转发接着就是两个远程响应,等等。另一个在此描述的实施例在本地和下游存储器响应之间的仲裁中利用先进先出算法。也就是,在操作中,仲裁控制电路210监控存储在本地响应队列和远程响应队列中的存储器响应的响应标识符部分,并选择包含在这些队列中的任何一个中最旧的响应作为下一个要向上游转发的响应。因此,仲裁控制电路先转发最旧的响应,而不依赖于其中存储了存储器响应的响应队列。
本领域的普通技术人员应当理解可以在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下采用其它仲裁方法和方案。
返回到步骤410、412,在所述步骤中,首先将仲裁分组发送到上游存储器集线器,然后接着是发送存储器响应,在步骤422中,上游存储器集线器的仲裁控制电路210接收该仲裁分组。在步骤424、426中该仲裁分组被解码,并且仲裁控制电路210根据所解码的信息而启用适当的数据通路。当在步骤430中接收该存储器响应时,仲裁控制电路210启用适当的数据通路。在步骤428中,查询下一个上游存储器集线器以确定它是否繁忙。如果不忙,在步骤432中以旁路的方式将该仲裁分组发送到下一个上游存储器集线器,然后发送该存储器响应。通过基于该仲裁分组的解码信息来启用经过该存储器集线器的适当数据通路,采用旁路方式的该仲裁分组和该存储器响应的传输得到变得容易,其中在步骤412中发送相关存储器响应之前的步骤410中发送该仲裁分组。
返回到步骤428,如果确定下一个上游存储器集线器繁忙,该仲裁分组就在步骤440中抛弃,并且该存储器响应在远程响应队列206中存储,直到在步骤442中根据所采用的仲裁方案,该存储器响应被选择来发送到下一个上游存储器集线器。在步骤420中,该存储器响应会根据该仲裁方案来经过该存储器集线器向上游行进直到达到它的目标目的地。
根据前面的,应当理解,尽管出于说明性的目的该发明的具体实施例已经在此加以描述了,各种修改还是可以在不偏离该发明的精神和范围的情况下做出。例如,本发明的实施例在此已经对于计算机系统使用的基于存储器集线器的系统存储器加以描述。然而,应当理解,在适当的场合下,本发明的实施例可以用在除基于集线器的存储器系统以外的存储器系统中。此外,本发明的实施例也能够用在,除计算机系统以外的,在基于处理器的系统中采用的,基于存储器集线器的系统中,正如本领域已知的那样。因此,该发明仅受限于所附的权利要求。
Claims (36)
1、一种在系统存储器中响应读出请求的方法,所述系统存储器具有响应存储器集线器以及至少一个插入存储器集线器,通过所述系统存储器,读出响应在所述插入存储器集线器的数据通路上发送,所述方法包括:
从耦合到所述响应存储器集线器上的存储器设备中获取读出数据,并准备包含所述读出数据的读出响应;
生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示所述读出响应的数据通路配置的数据;
将所述仲裁分组和所述读出响应提供给所述插入存储器集线器,所述仲裁分组在所述读出响应之前提供;以及
在所述插入存储器集线器中接收所述仲裁分组,解码所述仲裁分组的数据,并根据所述仲裁分组的数据在所述插入存储器集线器中启用用于所述读出响应的数据通路。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,生成仲裁分组包括,生成用来区别所述仲裁分组和读出响应的用于所述仲裁分组的数据。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,生成仲裁分组包括,生成多个8比特字节,所述多个8比特字节包括一个包含由所述插入存储器集线器用来区别所述仲裁分组和读出响应的数据的字节。
4、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,启用用于所述读出响应的数据通路包括,启用在所述插入存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路,以通过所述插入存储器集线器来耦合所述仲裁分组和读出响应。
5、如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述插入存储器集线器是否繁忙;以及
如果所述插入存储器集线器不忙,就生成所述仲裁分组,并在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述插入存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述插入存储器集线器。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述响应存储器集线器的本地数据通路是否空闲;
如果所述本地数据通路是空闲的,就生成所述仲裁分组,并在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述插入存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述插入存储器集线器。
7、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,生成所述仲裁分组包括,生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示启用在所述插入存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路以通过所述插入存储器集线器来耦合所述仲裁分组和读出响应的数据。
8、一种在存储器集线器的数据通路上发送读出响应的方法,所述存储器集线器插入在发送存储器集线器和接收存储器集线器之间,所述方法包括:
在所述存储器集线器中接收仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示对于相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据;
解码所述仲裁分组;
根据所述仲裁分组的数据来配置所述数据通路;
在所述存储器集线器中接收所述相关读出响应;以及
将所述相关读出响应耦合到用于将其发送到所述接收存储器集线器的经配置的数据通路上。
9、如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,配置所述数据通路包括,启用所述存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路,以通过所述存储器集线器将所述仲裁分组和读出响应耦合到所述接收存储器集线器。
10、如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括将所述仲裁分组耦合到经配置的数据通路,以在发送所述相关读出响应之前将所述仲裁分组发送到所述接收存储器集线器。
11、如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括接收来自所述发送集线器的、关于存储器集线器是否繁忙的查询,并通过向所述发送集线器指示所述存储器集线器不忙来响应所述询问。
12、一种配置存储器集线器的数据通路的方法,通过所述数据路径提供了读出响应,所述方法包括:
在第一存储器集线器中生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示对于相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据;
将所述仲裁分组提供给耦合到所述第一存储器集线器上的第二存储器集线器;
在所述第二存储器集线器中解码所述仲裁分组;以及
在准备接收所述相关读出响应时,根据所述仲裁分组的数据来配置所述第二存储器集线器的数据通路。
13、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,生成仲裁分组包括,生成用于所述仲裁分组的数据,所述数据用于区分所述仲裁分组和读出响应。
14、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,配置所述数据通路包括,启用所述第二存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路,以通过所述第二存储器集线器来耦合所述仲裁分组和读出响应。
15、如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述第二存储器集线器是否繁忙;以及
如果所述第二存储器集线器不忙,就在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述第二存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述第二存储器集线器。
16、如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:
确定本地数据通路是否空闲;
如果所述本地数据通路是空闲的,就生成所述仲裁分组,并在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述第二存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述第二存储器集线器。
17、如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,生成所述仲裁分组包括,生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包括表示启用所述第二存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路以通过所述第二存储器集线器来耦合所述仲裁分组和读出响应的数据。
18、一种在第一和第二存储器集线器之间通信的方法,用于配置在所述第二存储器集线器中的数据通路,所述方法包括:
生成用于要通过所述第二存储器集线器来耦合的相关读出响应的仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包括命令码字段,还包括数据通路字段,所述命令码字段包含标识其是仲裁分组的数据,所述数据通路字段包含表示在第二存储器集线器中的数据所述通路配置的数据;
在将所述相关读出响应发送给所述第二存储器集线器之前发送所述仲裁分组;以及
根据包含在所述数据通路字段中的数据来配置所述第二存储器集线器中的数据通路。
19、如权利要求18所述的方法,其中配置所述数据通路包括,启用所述第二存储器集线器中的旁路数据通路,以通过所述第二存储器集线器来耦合所述仲裁分组和所述相关读出响应。
20、如权利要求18所述的方法,还包括:
确定所述第二存储器集线器是否繁忙;以及
如果所述第二存储器集线器不忙,就生成所述仲裁分组,并在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述第二存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述第二存储器集线器。
21、如权利要求19所述的方法,还包括:
确定本地数据通路是否空闲的;
如果所述本地数据通路是空闲的,就生成所述仲裁分组,并在将所述相关读出响应提供给所述第二存储器集线器之前将所述仲裁分组提供给所述第二存储器集线器。
22、一种耦合到至少一个存储器设备上的存储器集线器,所述存储器集线器包括:
远程的和本地的输入节点;
输出节点;
可配置的数据通路,其耦合到所述远程的和本地的输入节点上,并且还耦合到所述输出节点上,所述可配置的数据通路用于通过所述远程的和本地的输入节点将至少一个读出响应耦合到所述输出节点;以及
仲裁控制电路,其耦合到所述可配置的数据通路、所述输出节点、以及所述远程输入节点上,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成对于通过所述本地输入节点耦合的相关读出响应的仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示对于所述相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于在准备将通过所述远程输入节点耦合的相关读出响应耦合到所述输出节点时,根据通过所述远程输入节点耦合的仲裁分组包括的数据来配置所述可配置的数据通路。
23、如权利要求22所述的存储器集线器,其中,所述可配置的数据通路包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点;
旁路数据通路,其耦合到所述远程输入节点和所述多路复用器的第一输入端上;
本地队列,其具有耦合到所述本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述远程输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
24、如权利要求22所述的存储器集线器,其中,所述仲裁控制逻辑还用于生成用于所述仲裁分组的数据,所述数据用来区分所述仲裁分组和相关读出响应。
25、一种存储器集线器,包括:
旁路数据通路,其耦合到输入节点和输出节点之间,在所述旁路数据通路上,所述旁路数据通路响应于被启用,在所述输入节点和输出节点之间耦合所述读出响应;以及
仲裁控制电路,其耦合到所述旁路数据通路上,所述仲裁控制电路响应于从耦合到所述存储器集线器上的存储器设备中获取读出数据,生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组具有数据通路字段,所述数据通路字段含有用于启用上游存储器集线器的旁路数据通路的激活数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于从下游存储器集线器接收仲裁分组并启用所述旁路数据通路以将从所述下游存储器集线器接收到的读出响应从所述输入节点耦合到所述输出节点。
26、如权利要求25所述的存储器集线器,还包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点,所述多路复用器还具有耦合到旁路数据通路上的第一输入端;
本地队列,其具有耦合到本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的控制信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
27、一种存储器模块,包括:
多个存储器设备;以及
存储器集线器,其通过存储器设备总线耦合到所述存储器设备上,以访问所述存储器设备,所述存储器集线器包括:
远程的和本地的输入节点,所述本地输入节点耦合到所述存储器设备总线上;
输出节点;
可配置的数据通路,其耦合到所述远程的和本地的输入节点上,并且还耦合到所述输出节点上,所述可配置的数据通路用于通过所述远程的和本地的输入节点将至少一个读出响应耦合到所述输出节点;以及
仲裁控制电路,其耦合到所述可配置的数据通路、输出节点以及远程输入节点上,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成对于通过所述本地输入节点耦合的相关读出响应的仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示对于所述相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于在准备将通过所述远程输入节点耦合的相关读出响应耦合到所述输出节点时,根据通过所述远程输入节点耦合的仲裁分组包括的数据来配置所述可配置的数据通路。
28、如权利要求27所述的存储器模块,其中,所述存储器集线器的可配置的数据通路包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点;
旁路数据通路,其耦合到所述远程输入节点和所述多路复用器的第一输入端上;
本地队列,其具有耦合到所述本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述远程输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的控制信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
29、如权利要求27所述的存储器模块,其中,所述存储器集线器的仲裁控制逻辑还用于生成用于所述仲裁分组的数据,所述数据用于区分所述仲裁分组和相关读出响应。
30、一种存储器模块,包括:
多个存储器设备;以及
存储器集线器,其通过存储器设备总线耦合到所述存储器设备上,以访问所述存储器设备,所述存储器集线器包括:
旁路数据通路,其耦合在输入节点和输出节点之间,在所述旁路数据通路上,所述旁路数据通路响应于被启用,在所述输入节点和输出节点之间耦合所述读出响应;以及
仲裁控制电路,耦合到所述旁路数据通路上,用于响应于从耦合到所述存储器集线器上的存储器设备中获取读出数据,生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组具有数据通路字段,所述数据通路字段含有用于启用上游存储器集线器的旁路数据通路的激活数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于从下游存储器集线器接收仲裁分组并启用所述旁路数据通路以将从所述下游存储器集线器接收到的读出响应从所述输入节点耦合到所述输出节点。
31、如权利要求30所述的存储器模块,其中,所述存储器集线器还包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点,所述多路复用器还具有耦合到所述旁路数据通路上的第一输入端;
本地队列,其具有耦合到本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
32、一种基于处理器的系统,包括:
具有处理器总线的处理器;
耦合到所述处理器总线上的系统控制器,所述系统控制器具有外围设备端口,所述系统控制器还包括耦合到系统存储器端口上的控制器;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个输入设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个输出设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个数据存储设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器上、用于在其上发送存储器请求和响应的存储器总线;以及
耦合到所述存储器总线上的多个存储器模块,所述模块中的每一个包括:
多个存储器设备;以及
存储器集线器,其通过存储器设备总线耦合到所述存储器设备上,以访问所述存储器设备,所述存储器集线器包括:
远程的和本地的输入节点,所述本地输入节点耦合到所述存储器设备总线上;
输出节点;
可配置的数据通路,其耦合到所述远程的和本地的输入节点上,并且还耦合到所述输出节点上,所述可配置的数据通路用于通过所述远程的和本地的输入节点将至少一个读出响应耦合到所述输出节点;以及
仲裁控制电路,其耦合到所述可配置的数据通路、输出节点以及远程输入节点上,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成对于通过所述本地输入节点耦合的相关读出响应的仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组包含表示对于所述相关读出响应的数据通路配置的数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于在准备将通过所述远程输入节点耦合的相关读出响应耦合到所述输出节点时,根据通过所述远程输入节点耦合的仲裁分组包括的数据来配置所述可配置的数据通路。
33、如权利要求32所述的基于处理器的系统,其中,存储器集线器的可配置的数据通路包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点;
旁路数据通路,其耦合到所述远程输入节点和所述多路复用器的第一输入端上;
本地队列,其具有耦合到所述本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述远程输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
34、如权利要求32所述的基于处理器的系统,其中,所述存储器集线器的仲裁控制逻辑还用于生成用于所述仲裁分组的数据,所述数据用于区分所述仲裁分组和相关读出响应。
35、一种基于处理器的系统,包括:
具有处理器总线的处理器;
耦合到所述处理器总线上的系统控制器,所述系统控制器具有外围设备端口,所述系统控制器还包括耦合到系统存储器端口上的控制器;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个输入设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个输出设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器的外围设备端口上的至少一个数据存储设备;
耦合到所述系统控制器上的、用于在其上发送存储器请求和响应的存储器总线;以及
耦合到所述存储器总线上的多个存储器模块,所述模块中每一个包括:
多个存储器设备;以及
存储器集线器,其通过存储器设备总线耦合到所述存储器设备上,以访问所述存储器设备,所述存储器集线器包括:
旁路数据通路,其耦合在输入节点和输出节点之间,在所述旁路数据通路上,所述旁路数据通路响应于被启用,在所述输入节点和输出节点之间耦合所述读出响应;以及
仲裁控制电路,耦合到所述旁路数据通路上,用于响应于从耦合到所述存储器集线器上的存储器设备中获取读出数据,生成仲裁分组,所述仲裁分组具有数据通路字段,所述数据通路字段含有用于启用上游存储器集线器的旁路数据通路的激活数据,所述仲裁控制电路还用于从下游存储器集线器接收仲裁分组并启用所述旁路数据通路以将从所述下游存储器集线器接收到的读出响应从所述输入节点耦合到所述输出节点。
36、如权利要求35所述的基于处理器的系统,其中,存储器集线器还包括:
多路复用器,其具有耦合到所述输出节点上的输出端以及耦合到所述仲裁控制电路上的控制节点,所述多路复用器还具有耦合到所述旁路数据通路上的第一输入端;
本地队列,其具有耦合到本地输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第二输入端上的输出端;以及
远程队列,其具有耦合到所述输入节点上的输入端,并且还具有耦合到所述多路复用器的第三输入端上的输出端,所述仲裁控制电路用于生成用于所述多路复用器的控制信号,以有选择地将所述旁路数据通路、本地队列或远程队列耦合到所述输出节点上。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109716311A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-05-03 | 英特尔公司 | 用于执行分布式仲裁的系统、装置和方法 |
CN109716311B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2023-12-05 | 英特尔公司 | 用于执行分布式仲裁的系统、装置和方法 |
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US8082404B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
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JP4445998B2 (ja) | 2010-04-07 |
US20080294856A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
WO2005094459A3 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP2472403A2 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
JP2007531119A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
US20120066461A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
US20050216677A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
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