CN1919514A - Spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1919514A CN1919514A CN 200610041595 CN200610041595A CN1919514A CN 1919514 A CN1919514 A CN 1919514A CN 200610041595 CN200610041595 CN 200610041595 CN 200610041595 A CN200610041595 A CN 200610041595A CN 1919514 A CN1919514 A CN 1919514A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spraying liquid beam electrolytic-laser compound manufacturing method and device, which comprises the following steps: utilizing layer generating device to produce laser beam on the working piece, manufacturing hole, seam and groove, generating high-speed spraying liquid removing material with the same shaft of laser beam through spraying liquid beam device. The device contains layer, working piece assembling chuck, power and spraying liquid beam device, wherein the spraying liquid beam device concludes assembling seat of spraying device, insulating switching seat, cathode, focal lens, protective lens, insulating sleeve and sprayer.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing Small Holes, seam, the isostructural method of groove, relate in particular to a kind of combined machining method that utilizes electrolysis and laser, relate to a kind of processing unit (plant) of this method special use simultaneously.
Two, background technology
Electrolyzed Processing, Laser Processing are just to begin the processing technology that grows up in last century five, the sixties, the superiority different owing to its each tool have obtained develop rapidly, are used widely in manufacturing industry such as Aero-Space, weaponry, automobile, electronics, boats and ships.Both have salient feature separately for the size that extensively exists in the above-mentioned field in the processing of the Small Holes of 0.25mm～1.5mm, seam, groove.Laser Processing is a kind of high energy beam current processing method, it is energy carrier with the light quantum, utilize the photo-thermal effect of the high-energy-density generation that focuses on back light to remove material, have that process velocity is fast, machining accuracy is high (can to micron order), do not have cutting force, need not advantages such as machining tool, be easy to realize automation, the digitlization of process.But there are defectives such as recast layer, residual stress and micro-crack in surface of the work and influence the fatigue strength of workpiece after the Laser Processing, for example on modern aeroengine, on the high temperature working parts such as its turbo blade, stator blade, combustion chamber, the general film cooling holes of tens to tens thousand of diameters that all design at 0.25mm～1.25mm, blemish after Laser Processing under mechanical impact load, the thermal shock load condition of work can have a strong impact on the security reliability that part uses, thereby has limited the application of Laser Processing in high reliability such as Aero-Space are made.Mainly employing type of the electrochemical machining method pipe Electrolyzed Processing of above-mentioned Small Holes and electric liquid Shu Jiagong.Electricity liquid Shu Jiagong utilizes negative electrode charging electrolyte to be ejected into surface of the work, on spray site, produce anodic solution and remove material, this technology has the advantages that accessibility is good, surface integrity is good, aspect ratio is big, is " three do not have " (no recast layer, no residual stress, the non-microcracked) process technology of generally acknowledging.The ripe aperture processing that is applied to blade of aviation engine of countries such as the United States, Russia, English, moral.China has carried out the experimental study of electric liquid Shu Jiagong the seventies in last century, and successfully processes " three do not have " group hole blade in the nineties, but its process velocity is far away from Laser Processing, and process is also stable like that not as Laser Processing.
The technical measures of the attenuate of domestic and international research, elimination Laser Processing recast layer comprise at present: follow-up polishing processing, assist gas spray, water jet guides Laser Processing, the processing of chemical auxiliary laser, the processing of ultrasonic auxiliary laser, parts locally preheating etc., but these technology also do not have more successfully to realize online elimination recast layer, thermal stress, micro-crack problem.The high-energy-density of immediate development, ultra-short pulse laser processing, as the femtosecond Laser Processing, can successfully realize " three do not have " processing, but be subjected to the restriction of technical difficulty, laser power, life-span, processing cost, also only be in the laboratory study stage at present, also just show its application prospect at the micro-nano manufacture field.Therefore research laser processing procedure just can online attenuate recast layer, residual stress, micro-crack, the high-quality and efficient process technology approach of exploration engineering practicality, necessary.
On the basis of background technology of introducing more than the analysis-by-synthesis, guiding Laser Processing of water draw jet and electric liquid Shu Xiaokong process technology principle, the innovation related device that proposed spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-concurrent exposed installation meter of laser complex machining process technology, guarantee laser processing procedure, with the electrolyte bundle of the coaxial injection of laser beam charging " negative electrodeization ", realize spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser Compound Machining based on Laser Processing.Existing high efficiency electrolysis-laser Compound Machining; Electrolyte bundle high velocity jet and laser-spraying liquid bunch electrolysis Compound Machining effect is arranged again, can online removal recast layer; Significant to solving the isostructural high-quality and efficient processing of Small Holes, seam, the groove of size between 0.25mm～1.5mm that extensively exists in the industrial circles such as Aero-Space, weaponry, automobile, electronics, boats and ships.
Three, summary of the invention
1, goal of the invention: the purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can process structures such as Small Holes, seam, groove, and can eliminate recast layer, no residual stress, non-microcracked, method that efficient is high, the processing unit (plant) of this method special use is provided simultaneously.
2, technical scheme: in order to reach above-mentioned goal of the invention, method of the present invention is: utilize generating device of laser to produce laser beam and carry out the processing in hole on workpiece, simultaneously, the spraying liquid bunch device produces the high velocity jet liquid bundle coaxial with laser beam, laser beam is removed material under the guiding of spraying liquid bunch, spraying liquid bunch cools off, when washing away, also carries out the electrochemistry anodic solution laser processing zone, effectively the attenuate recast layer is to 0.01mm, even eliminates fully.
The jetting fluid that uses in this method is neutral brine solution or ultra-pure water;
Described ultra-pure water is deionized water or distilled water;
Neutral brine solution is low concentration neutral brine solution, and concentration is 3%-15%.
The inventive system comprises laser instrument and workpiece sectional fixture, also comprise power supply and spraying liquid bunch device, wherein, the spraying liquid bunch device comprises injection apparatus mount pad, insulation adapter, negative electrode, condenser lens, protective glasses, insulating coating and nozzle, and the injection apparatus mount pad is connected with laser instrument and insulation adapter respectively; Negative electrode is connected with the insulation adapter, and the negative electrode hollow space forms the spraying liquid bunch cavity, the coaxial installation of laser beam of negative electrode and laser instrument generation; Condenser lens and protective glasses are separately fixed on the both ends of the surface up and down of insulation adapter; Negative electrode is provided with insulating coating outward, and nozzle is fixed in the lower end of insulating coating, and is positioned at the centre position of the lower end of insulating coating, and the laser beam that laser instrument produces passes through nozzle; The positive pole of power supply is connected with workpiece makes it have positive electricity, and negative pole is connected with negative electrode makes spraying liquid bunch electronegative.
Power supply can be dc source or direct current pulse power source.
This device also comprises the circulate electrolyte filtration system, this circulate electrolyte filtration system comprises pressure regulating overflow valve, infusion pump, ball valve, liquid inlet joint, work box, liquid back pipe and electrolytic bath, the spraying liquid bunch device places in the work box, liquid inlet joint is connected with the spraying liquid bunch cavity of negative electrode hollow space formation in the spraying liquid bunch device, electrolyte in the electrolytic bath passes through infusion pump and ball valve successively, enter the spraying liquid bunch cavity from liquid inlet joint, from the nozzle ejection, flow into the work box bottom then and be back to electrolytic bath again via liquid back pipe; Pressure regulating overflow valve is located between ball valve and the electrolytic bath, regulates the jet velocity of electrolyte.
This device also comprises filter, is located between infusion pump and the electrolytic bath, is used for filtering the impurity of electrolyte.
Be provided with hydralic pressure gauge in the circulate electrolyte filtration system; In the spraying liquid bunch electrolysis current loop, voltmeter and the ammeter of measuring Electrolyzed Processing voltage, electric current are installed.
In the method for the present invention, carry out spraying liquid bunch electrolysis and Laser Processing compound, realize a kind of processing method of high-quality and efficient free of surface defects again, be used for solving Aero-Space, weaponry, automobile, a large amount of exist, the isostructural processing difficult problems of Small Holes, seam, the groove of size between 0.25mm～1.5mm of electronics.
Processing unit (plant) of the present invention, workpiece is connect the positive pole of dc source or direct current pulse power source, with the outer socket power cathode of the coaxial mounted cathode insulation of laser beam, make spraying liquid bunch charging " negative electrodeization " and spray with certain speed with laser beam is coaxial, laser is the efficient material of removing under the guiding of spraying liquid bunch, the cooling that the while spraying liquid bunch carries out laser processing zone, souring, and by the electrochemistry anodic dissolution effect of the spraying liquid bunch of " negative electrodeization " under laser processing zone localized hyperthermia, the recast layer " online " that laser processing procedure produced can be thinned to below the 0.01mm, even eliminate fully, obtaining finished surface does not have recast layer, no residual stress, non-microcracked " three do not have " processing effect.
3, beneficial effect: advantage of the present invention is: (1) method of the present invention is based on Laser Processing, increasing washing away, cool off and the Compound Machining effect of spraying liquid bunch electrolysis under laser irradiation conditions of high velocity jet liquid bundle on the basis of Laser Processing, removing recast layer thereby can be implemented in the laser processing procedure " online "; Compound Machining mechanism is removed material based on the photo-thermal effect of laser, and the high temperature after the laser focusing strengthens, promoted electrolysis, makes that the anodic solution of workpiece electrolyte bundle spray site is more concentrated effectively; Simultaneously also make nozzle more strong to the electrolyte bundle glow discharge between workpiece; So, spraying liquid bunch electrolysis processing not only can auxiliary laser processing be removed material, and the more important thing is the recast layer that is produced in the time of can removing Laser Processing rapidly; The cooling effect of spraying liquid bunch can also be eliminated heat affecting in addition, reduces the again deposition of laser processing of materials molten drop in the processing district; Also can take away molten drop and wash away at a high speed, can effectively stop the generation of recast layer.Remove material among the present invention and act as the master with Laser Processing, and the electrolysis of " negative electrodeization " spraying liquid bunch that charges to be to remove recast layer, it is main eliminating residual stress and micro-crack.According to general Electrolyzed Processing and electric liquid Shu Xiaokong process principle and experience, select low concentration neutral brine solution or ultra-pure water, as deionized water, distilled water as electrolyte, for alleviating or to eliminate electrolyte significant to the burn into pollution of precision component and equipment; (2) device of the present invention has guaranteed charging electrolyte bundle and the coaxial injection of laser beam, and electrolyte bundle spray site overlaps at the surface of the work punch position with the laser beam focus point, can realize simultaneously that Laser Processing in the spraying liquid bunch and laser beam irradiation spraying liquid bunch electrolysis down processes, so Compound Machining effect, both optimized surface quality, improve working (machining) efficiency again, comprehensively reach high-quality, techno-economic effect efficiently.(3) apparatus structure of the present invention is simple, is easy to install, overhaul.
Four, description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-hybrid laser beam machining device of the present invention.
Label title among Fig. 1: 1, dc source or direct current pulse power source, 2, laser instrument, 3, the injection apparatus mount pad, 4, condenser lens, 5, the insulation adapter, 6, protective glasses, 7, insulating coating, 8, work box, 9, negative electrode, 10, cathode insulation cover, 11, nozzle, 12, the workpiece sectional fixture, 13, workpiece, 14, workbench, 15, liquid back pipe, 16, electrolytic bath, 17, filter, 18, pressure regulating overflow valve, 19, infusion pump, 20, ball valve, 21, hydralic pressure gauge, 22, liquid inlet joint, 23, the spraying liquid bunch device
Five, the specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: present embodiment is spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method, at first be to utilize generating device of laser to produce laser beam on workpiece, to carry out the processing in hole, simultaneously, utilize the spraying liquid bunch device to produce the high velocity jet liquid bundle coaxial with laser beam, laser beam is removed material under the guiding of spraying liquid bunch, spraying liquid bunch cools off, when washing away, also carries out the electrochemistry anodic solution laser processing zone, effectively the attenuate recast layer is to 0.01mm, even eliminates fully.
Described jetting fluid is a ultra-pure water, also can adopt neutral brine solution; Described ultra-pure water is deionized water or distilled water; Neutral brine solution is low concentration neutral brine solution, and concentration is 3%-15%.
Embodiment 2: present embodiment is spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-hybrid laser beam machining device, comprise laser instrument 2 and workpiece sectional fixture 12, also comprise dc source 1 and spraying liquid bunch device 23, wherein, spraying liquid bunch device 23 comprises injection apparatus mount pad 3, insulation adapter 5, negative electrode 9, condenser lens 4, protective glasses 6, insulating coating 7 and nozzle 11, and injection apparatus mount pad 3 is connected with laser instrument 2 and insulation adapter 5 respectively; Negative electrode 9 is connected with insulation adapter 5, and negative electrode 9 hollow spaces form the spraying liquid bunch cavity, the coaxial installation of laser beam of negative electrode 9 and laser instrument 2 generations; Condenser lens 4 is separately fixed on the both ends of the surface up and down of insulation adapter 5 with protective glasses 6; Be provided with insulating coating 7 outside the negative electrode 9, nozzle 11 is fixed in the lower end of insulating coating 7, and the laser beam that laser instrument 2 produces is by nozzle 11; The positive pole of dc source 1 is connected with workpiece makes it have positive electricity, and negative pole is connected with negative electrode 9 makes spraying liquid bunch electronegative.
Present embodiment also comprises the circulate electrolyte filtration system, this circulate electrolyte filtration system comprises pressure regulating overflow valve 18, infusion pump 19, ball valve 20, liquid inlet joint 22, work box 8, liquid back pipe 15 and electrolytic bath 16, spraying liquid bunch device 23 places in the work box 8, liquid inlet joint 22 is connected with the spraying liquid bunch cavity of negative electrode 9 hollow spaces formation in the spraying liquid bunch device 23, electrolyte in the electrolytic bath 16 passes through infusion pump 19 and ball valve 20 successively, enter the spraying liquid bunch cavity from liquid inlet joint 22, from nozzle 11 ejections, flow into work box 8 bottoms then and be back to electrolytic bath 16 again via liquid back pipe 15; Pressure regulating overflow valve 18 is located between ball valve 20 and the electrolytic bath 16, regulates the jet velocity of electrolyte bundle.
Present embodiment also comprises filter 17, is located between infusion pump 19 and the electrolytic bath 16, is used for filtering the impurity of electrolyte.
Be provided with hydralic pressure gauge 21 in the circulate electrolyte filtration system; In the spraying liquid bunch electrolysis current loop, voltmeter and the ammeter of measuring Electrolyzed Processing voltage, electric current are installed.
Embodiment 3: the structure of present embodiment and embodiment 2 is basic identical, and power supply 1 is a direct current pulse power source.
During the device work of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, earlier anchor clamps 12 are made workpiece 13 positively chargeds by the positive pole that conducting block connects power supply 1, connect the negative pole of power supply 1 with the coaxial mounted negative electrode 9 of laser beam, make spraying liquid bunch charging " negative electrodeization " and coaxial with the certain speed injection with laser beam, jet velocity can be regulated by pressure regulating overflow valve 18; Laser instrument 2 sends laser and focuses on the surface of the work Working position by condenser lens 4 and carry out laser boring processing, cooling and souring that the while spraying liquid bunch carries out laser processing zone, and the electrolysis that under laser processing zone localized hyperthermia condition, is made the workpiece generation by the jet electrolytic liquid bundle of " negative electrodeization ", it is following even eliminate fully the recast layer " online " that laser processing procedure produced can be thinned to 0.01mm, and obtaining finished surface does not have recast layer, no residual stress, non-microcracked " three nothings " processing effect.Specific implementation process is as follows:
(1) light path detects: start and also adjust laser instrument 2 and send visual incandescence, by the observation of incandescence confirm that light path is smooth and easy, condenser lens 4, protective glasses 6 positions be normal;
(2) with workpiece 13 location: workpiece 13 is fixed on the workbench 14 by anchor clamps 12, and by adjusting the position (X, Y, three directions of Z) of workbench 14, district to be processed places the laser focus point with workpiece;
(3) electric circuit inspection: the positive and negative electrode of power supply 1 is connected with negative electrode 9 with anchor clamps 12 respectively by lead, uses the instrument testing circuit, check whether positive pole communicates with workpiece 13, and whether negative pole communicates with negative electrode 9, and polarity can not connect instead, and the two poles of the earth can not communicate in short circuit;
(4) circulate electrolyte: after confirming that pipeline smoothness, ball valve valve correct position are errorless, open infusion pump 19, then electrolyte flows through filter 17, infusion pump 19, ball valve 20 successively, enter electric liquid bundle cavity from liquid inlet joint 22, go out from the aperture high velocity jet of nozzle 11, spray site overlaps with the laser focus point, flows into work box 8 bottoms then and is back to electrolytic bath 16 via liquid back pipe 15;
(5) start adjustment laser instrument 2 and send laser, power-on 1 is carried out spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser Compound Machining simultaneously.Obtain the size of Faradaic current and infusion pressure by the reading of ammeter, hydralic pressure gauge 21; By regulating processing power source output voltage (adjustable range: the Faradaic current in 20～80V) the control process; (adjustable range: 0.3～0.5MPa) regulates the jet velocity of electrolyte bundle to regulate the electrolyte infusion pressure by pressure regulating overflow valve 18.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method, utilize generating device of laser to produce laser beam and on workpiece, carry out the processing of hole, seam, groove, it is characterized in that, simultaneously, the spraying liquid bunch device produces the high velocity jet liquid bundle coaxial with laser beam, laser beam is removed material under the guiding of spraying liquid bunch, spraying liquid bunch cools off, washes away and the electrochemistry anodic solution laser processing zone.
2, spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, jetting fluid is neutral brine solution or ultra-pure water.
3, spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described ultra-pure water is deionized water or distilled water.
4, spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, neutral brine solution is low concentration neutral brine solution, and concentration is 3%-15%.
5, a kind of spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser complex machining device, comprise laser instrument (2) and workpiece sectional fixture (12), it is characterized in that, also comprise power supply (1) and spraying liquid bunch device (23), wherein, spraying liquid bunch device (23) comprises injection apparatus mount pad (3), insulation adapter (5), negative electrode (9), condenser lens (4), protective glasses (6), insulating coating (7) and nozzle (11), and injection apparatus mount pad (3) is connected with laser instrument (2) and insulation adapter (5) respectively; Negative electrode (9) is connected with insulation adapter (5), and negative electrode (9) hollow space forms the spraying liquid bunch cavity, the coaxial installation of laser beam of negative electrode (9) and laser instrument (2) generation; Condenser lens (4) is separately fixed on the both ends of the surface up and down of insulation adapter (5) with protective glasses (6); Negative electrode (9) is outer to be provided with insulating coating (7), and nozzle (11) is fixed in the lower end of insulating coating (7); The positive pole of power supply (1) is connected with workpiece makes it have positive electricity, and negative pole is connected with negative electrode (9) makes spraying liquid bunch electronegative.
6, spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser complex machining device as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, power supply (1) is dc source or direct current pulse power source.
7, as claim 5 or 6 described spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser complex machining devices, it is characterized in that, also comprise the circulate electrolyte filtration system, this circulate electrolyte filtration system comprises pressure regulating overflow valve (18), infusion pump (19), ball valve (20), liquid inlet joint (22), work box (8), liquid back pipe (15) and electrolytic bath (16), spraying liquid bunch device (23) places in the work box (8), liquid inlet joint (22) is connected with the spraying liquid bunch cavity of negative electrode (9) hollow space formation in the spraying liquid bunch device (23), electrolyte in the electrolytic bath (16) passes through infusion pump (19) and ball valve (20) successively, enter the spraying liquid bunch cavity from liquid inlet joint (22), from nozzle (11) ejection, flow into work box (8) bottom then and be back to electrolytic bath (16) via liquid back pipe (15); Pressure regulating overflow valve (18) is located between ball valve (20) and the electrolytic bath (16), regulates the jet velocity of electrolyte bundle.
8, as claim 5 or 6 described spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-hybrid laser beam machining devices, it is characterized in that, also comprise filter (17), be located between infusion pump (19) and the electrolytic bath (16).
9, as claim 5 or 6 described spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-hybrid laser beam machining devices, it is characterized in that, be provided with hydralic pressure gauge (21) in the circulate electrolyte filtration system.
10, as claim 5 or 6 described spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-hybrid laser beam machining devices, it is characterized in that, in the spraying liquid bunch electrolysis current loop, voltmeter and the ammeter of measuring Electrolyzed Processing voltage, electric current are installed.
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| JPS58211823A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1983-12-09 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | Electric machining device |
| US4497692A (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1985-02-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Laser-enhanced jet-plating and jet-etching: high-speed maskless patterning method |
| US4608138A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1986-08-26 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrolytic method and apparatus |
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2006
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