CN104001999A - Jet-flow-guided laser-spark-electrolysis combined machining device - Google Patents
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- CN104001999A CN104001999A CN201410241987.6A CN201410241987A CN104001999A CN 104001999 A CN104001999 A CN 104001999A CN 201410241987 A CN201410241987 A CN 201410241987A CN 104001999 A CN104001999 A CN 104001999A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a jet-flow-guided laser-spark-electrolysis combined machining device, and belongs to the field of non-traditional machining. The jet-flow-guided laser-spark-electrolysis combined machining device adopts the structure integrating three non-traditional machining methods, and is composed of a laser generator, a machining module, a working solution circulation system and a power supply module, wherein the laser generator is placed above the machining module, and laser beam machining and spark machining are ensured to be coaxial; an electrode in the machining module for sparking machining can be stationary or rotary; the working solutions for jet-flow-guided laser machining and spark machining employ deionized water, and form a set of working solution circulation system with the working solution for electrolytic machining. When the device is used for machining, the jet-flow-guided laser machining and spark machining are employed as the main means for removing material, being accompanied by electrolytic machining; speed, accuracy and surface quality of part manufacturing are all taken into consideration; thereby, rapid machining of various micro holes with abnormal countersunk heads, and various defects caused by using single non-traditional machining method are overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing micro hole, the isostructural device of groove, specifically, is a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant).
Background technology
Spark machined, Electrolyzed Processing and Laser Processing are respectively the processing technologys that last century four, five, the sixties starts to grow up, obtain develop rapidly because it respectively has different superiority, in the manufacturing industry such as Aero-Space, weaponry, automobile, electronics, boats and ships, be used widely.Three has salient feature separately for the Small Holes processing extensively existing in above-mentioned field.Spark machined minute aperture has two kinds of methods, be electric-spark drilling and the processing of high-speed electric spark aperture, they are compared with other method, aspect minute aperture processing, there iing some superiority: can be by any conductive material, not limited by intensity and the hardness of workpiece material, secondly, can be on surface of the work processing blind hole, deep hole, inclined hole and profiled holes etc., in process, cutting force is very little, requires lower to the strength and stiffness of instrument.But the degree of depth of spark machined minute aperture is limited, and along with the increase of the working depth in hole, the frequency of arcing is higher, finally make processing cannot carry out and be forced to interrupting, and the piece surface of spark machined can the very thin recast layer of residual one deck.Laser Processing is a kind of high-energy line processing method, it is taking light quantum as energy carrier, the photo-thermal effect that utilizes the high-energy-density after focusing on to produce removes material, have that process velocity is fast, machining accuracy is high (can to micron order), tungsten cutting force, without advantages such as machining tools, be easy to realize automation, digitlization in process.But after Laser Processing there is the defects such as recast layer, residual stress and micro-crack and affect the fatigue strength of workpiece in surface of the work, limited the application of its certain fields.The electrochemical machining method of above-mentioned Small Holes mainly adopts line pipe Electrolyzed Processing and electric liquid Shu Jiagong.Electricity liquid Shu Jiagong utilizes negative electrode charging electrolyte to be ejected into surface of the work, in spray site, produce anodic solution and remove material, this technology has the advantages that accessibility is good, surface integrity is good, aspect ratio is large, is " three nothings " (without recast layer, without residual stress, the non-microcracked) process technology of generally acknowledging.The ripe aperture processing that is applied to blade of aviation engine of the countries such as the United States, Russia, English, moral.
Through the literature search of prior art is found, China Patent No. CN1919514A, has recorded a kind of spraying liquid bunch electrolysis-laser composite processing method and device thereof.Its method is to utilize generating device of laser to produce laser beam on workpiece, to carry out the processing of hole, seam, groove, and meanwhile, spraying liquid bunch device results from the coaxial high velocity jet liquid bundle of laser beam and removes material; Its device comprises laser instrument and workpiece sectional fixture, also comprises power supply and spraying liquid bunch device, spraying liquid bunch device comprise injection apparatus mount pad, insulation adapter, negative electrode, condenser lens.Protective glasses, insulating coating and nozzle.Method one Laser Processing of this invention is main, on the basis of Laser Processing, increase the Compound Machining effect of the washing away of high velocity jet liquid bundle, cooling and spraying liquid bunch electrolysis under laser irradiation conditions, removed recast layer thereby can realize in laser processing procedure " online ".
Although this technology provides one can process the structures such as Small Holes, seam, groove, and have and can eliminate recast layer, processing method and special apparatus for working without residual stress, the plurality of advantages such as non-microcracked, efficiency is high.But how this technology does not provide the high-efficiency and precision processing method of processing belt countersunk head micro hole.In the time needing the micro hole of processing belt taper countersunk head or special-shaped countersunk head, laser processing cannot directly process countersunk head, and electrochemical machining method cannot reach countersunk head machining needs precision.And as a kind of good special process method of machining accuracy, spark machined has the ability of the various special-shaped countersunk heads of processing.Therefore the comprehensive jet guiding of the present invention Laser Processing, spark machined and three kinds of processing modes of Electrolyzed Processing, can realize the rapid processing with countersunk head micro hole.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) is provided, on existing micro hole special processing technology basis, jet is guided to Laser Processing, spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing integrated use, reach fast and accurate processing belt countersunk head micro hole.And can eliminate recast layer on the small hole wall of countersunk head, without residual stress, process band countersunk head micro hole efficiently.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: the structure that the present invention adopts three kinds of special process modes to be integrated in one, is made up of generating device of laser, processing module, working solution circulating system, power module.Wherein generating device of laser is placed in processing module top, ensures that laser beam processing is coaxial with spark machined; The electric discharge machining utmost point in processing module can be static or rotation; Jet guiding Laser Processing and spark machined adopt deionized water with working solution, and share a set of working solution circulating system with Electrolyzed Processing with working solution.
Described processing module comprises feed liquor interface, rotatable interface, electrospark electrode whirligig, electrode clamping device, insulation connection seat, brush, nozzle (hollow edged electrode) for Electrolyzed Processing.Wherein feed liquor interface is connected with feed tube, and working solution is realized and being tightly connected of electrospark electrode whirligig by swivel joint.
Described spark machined can be passed through for laser beam with hollow edged electrode, to realize Laser Processing, and fluidic channel while can be used as jet guiding Laser Processing.
Described spark machined is installed on terminal clamp by the presetting mode of electrode off-line with hollow edged electrode, ensures that hollow edged electrode and terminal clamp have high axiality; Again terminal clamp is installed on spindle chuck, ensures that terminal clamp and spindle chuck have high axiality; Thereby ensure that spark machined has high axiality with hollow edged electrode and laser beam.
Described generating device of laser comprises: generating laser and set of lenses, and wherein set of lenses changes wide laser beam into the minimum narrow laser beam of divergence of processing use, and set of lenses plays the Working liquids effect that enters laser generator of flowing backwards that prevents simultaneously.
Described jet guiding Laser Processing and spark machined working solution are deionized water or distilled water, and Electrolyzed Processing liquid is NaOH or potassium hydroxide solution.
Described working solution circulating system has comprised the liquid reserve tank, filter (Electrolyzed Processing liquid), deionization apparatus (electric spark working solution and jet guiding), hydraulic pump, overflow valve, hydralic pressure gauge, switch valve, feed tube, the liquid back pipe that contain division board.For jet guiding Laser Processing, spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing provide working solution.
Described working solution circulating system, when carrying out electrical spark working man-hour, working solution feed tube can be pulled down from feed liquor interface, then be connected with the inlet on working groove to Quick in working groove for spark machined working solution, until working solution liquid level higher than surface of the work certain distance after, then open spark machined liquid back pipe switch and form working solution circulation.
Described power module is the pulse power, and being respectively spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing provides the processing electric pulse of different parameters.
Described jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) can be processed needs according to reality, uses wherein one, or any two kinds of processing modes combination, or three kinds of processing modes combinations are processed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: device of the present invention is to guide Laser Processing, spark machined, three kinds of each tool advantages of Electrolyzed Processing respectively to have again not enough processing mode to combine jet, completes the high-efficiency and precision processing with countersunk head micro hole.When wherein Laser Processing micro hole and the hardness of material irrelevant, almost can on all material, punch, speed is fast, efficiency is high, heat affected area is little, can carry out highly-efficient processing to blade of aviation engine magnanimity film cooling holes; In edm process, cutting force is little, and low for intensity, the rigidity requirement of instrument, machining accuracy is high, can process the micro hole with various shape countersunk heads; Electrolyzed Processing surface roughness value is low, and is three nothing processing, can avoid re cast layer, micro-crack, residual stress.The present invention combines above-mentioned three advantage separately in one, realizes with same device, can avoid workpiece secondary clamping, improves machining accuracy, can realize with countersunk head micro hole fast, accurately processing.Simultaneously this device can be processed needs according to reality, use wherein a kind of, or any two kinds of processing modes combination, or three kinds of processing modes combinations process, and reach fast, process effectively, accurately micro hole.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is processing module structural representation of the present invention.
Label title in figure: 1, generating device of laser, 2, processing module, 3, power supply, 4, hollow edged electrode, 5, fixture, 6, working groove, 7, liquid back pipe, 8, workbench, 9, working solution circulating system, 10, liquid back pipe switch, 11, working solution liquid reserve tank, 12, deionized water, 13, deionization apparatus, 14, division board, 15, electrolyte, 16, filter, 17, overflow valve, 18, switch valve, 19, hydraulic pump, 20, hydralic pressure gauge, 21, working solution import, 22, workpiece, 23, electrode clamping device, 24, feed tube, 25, feed tube joint, 26, set of lenses, 27, wide laser beam, 28, main shaft, 29, narrow laser beam, 30, swivel joint, 31, motor, 32, Timing Belt, 33, insulation connection seat, 34, spindle chuck, 35, terminal clamp, 36, brush, 37, electrode rotary device.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention adopts the structure that three kinds of special process modes are integrated in one as shown in Figure 1, is made up of generating device of laser 1, processing module 2, working solution circulating system 9, power module 2.Wherein generating device of laser 1 is placed in processing module 2 tops, ensures that laser beam processing is coaxial with spark machined; The electric discharge machining utmost point 4 in processing module 2 can be static or rotation; Jet guiding Laser Processing and spark machined adopt deionized water 12 with working solution, and share a set of working solution circulating system 9 with Electrolyzed Processing with working solution 15.
Figure 2 shows that processing module 2, comprise feed liquor interface 25, rotatable interface 30, electrospark electrode whirligig 37, electrode clamping device 23, insulation connection seat 33, brush 36, nozzle (hollow edged electrode) 4 for Electrolyzed Processing.Wherein feed liquor interface 25 is connected with feed tube 24, and working solution is tightly connected by swivel joint 30 realizations and electrospark electrode whirligig 37.
Described electrospark electrode whirligig 37 is made up of motor 31, Timing Belt 32 etc.
Described working solution circulating system 9 has comprised the liquid reserve tank 11, filter (Electrolyzed Processing liquid) 16, deionization apparatus (electric spark working solution and jet guiding) 13, hydraulic pump 19, overflow valve 17, hydralic pressure gauge 20, switch valve 18, feed tube 24, the liquid back pipe 7 that contain division board 14.For jet guiding Laser Processing, spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing provide working solution.Obtain the size of jet guiding Laser Processing, spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing infusion pressure by the reading of hydralic pressure gauge 20, control working solution infusion pressure by regulation relief valve 17, and then laser aiming jet, the electric spark in control hollow edged electrode 4 exits rush the flow velocity of liquid stream, electrolyte stream.
Case study on implementation 1: apparatus of the present invention in use, first, according to reality processing needs, are installed on spark machined on terminal clamp 34 by the presetting mode of electrode off-line with hollow edged electrode 4, ensure that hollow edged electrode 4 and terminal clamp 35 have high axiality; Again electrode duration and degree of heating 35 is installed on spindle chuck 34, ensures that terminal clamp 35 and spindle chuck 34 have high axiality; Thereby ensure that spark machined hollow edged electrode 4 has high axiality with laser beam 29.After above-mentioned preparation completes, working solution circulating system 9 is started working, deionized water 12 is by deionization apparatus 13, switch valve (identical with electrolysis working solution switch valve 18), hydraulic pump 19, hydralic pressure gauge 20, feed tube 24, swivel joint 30, fluidic channel hollow edged electrode 4 while finally passing through as jet guiding Laser Processing, and adjust jet guiding and swash the flow velocity of light intensity size and jet, laser beam 29 completes the preprocessing to micro hole through hole under jet guides.Subsequently, working solution feed tube 24 is pulled down from feed liquor interface 25, then be connected with the inlet 21 on working groove 6 to Quick in working groove for spark machined working solution, until working solution liquid level higher than the surperficial certain distance of workpiece 22 after, open again spark machined liquid back pipe switch 10 and form working solution circulation, power-on module also provides electric discharge machining pulse for spark machined, utilize hollow edged electrode 4 to carry out spark machined to the countersunk head part of micro hole, in actual process, can determine according to actual needs whether electrical spark working hollow edged electrode in man-hour 4 rotates.After above-mentioned two steps complete, change working solution, electrolysis working solution 15 is by filter 16, switch valve 18, hydraulic pump 19, hydralic pressure gauge 20, feed tube 24, swivel joint 30, be the required pulse of Electrolyzed Processing by the output switching of power module, by countersunk head micro hole being carried out to Electrolyzed Processing as the hollow edged electrode 4 of electrolysis working solution nozzle, until complete the processing to countersunk head micro hole.
Case study on implementation 2: apparatus of the present invention, in the time of the fine groove of processing, can adopt two kinds of processing combinations of spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing.Working solution feed tube 24 is pulled down from feed liquor interface 25, then be connected with the inlet 21 on working groove 6 to Quick in working groove for spark machined working solution, until working solution liquid level higher than the surperficial certain distance of workpiece 22 after, open again spark machined liquid back pipe switch 10 and form working solution circulation, power-on module also provides electric discharge machining pulse for spark machined, open motor 31, drive hollow edged electrode 4 to rotate by Timing Belt 32, and utilize hollow edged electrode 4 to carry out successively electric spark milling processing to fine groove.Subsequently, change working solution, electrolysis working solution 15 is by filter 16, switch valve 18, hydraulic pump 19, hydralic pressure gauge 20, feed tube 24, swivel joint 30, be the required pulse of Electrolyzed Processing by the output switching of power module, by the hollow edged electrode 4 as electrolysis working solution nozzle, the fine groove of countersunk head is carried out to Electrolyzed Processing, until remove fine rooved face re cast layer.
Claims (10)
1. jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant), belongs to special process field.The structure that the present invention adopts three kinds of special process modes to be integrated in one, formed by generating device of laser, processing module, working solution circulating system, power module, it is characterized in that: generating device of laser is placed in processing module top, ensure that laser beam processing is coaxial with spark machined; The electric discharge machining utmost point in processing module can be static or rotation; Jet guiding Laser Processing and spark machined adopt deionized water with working solution, and share a set of working solution circulating system with Electrolyzed Processing with working solution.
2. a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described processing module 2 comprises feed liquor interface 25, rotatable interface 30, electrospark electrode whirligig 37, electrode clamping device 23, insulation connection seat 33, brush 36, nozzle (hollow edged electrode 4) for Electrolyzed Processing.Wherein feed liquor interface 25 is connected with feed tube 24, and working solution is tightly connected by swivel joint 30 realizations and electrospark electrode whirligig 37.
3. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1～2, it is characterized in that: described spark machined hollow edged electrode 4 can pass through for laser beam 29, to realize Laser Processing, and fluidic channel while can be used as jet guiding Laser Processing.
4. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described spark machined hollow edged electrode 4 is installed on terminal clamp 34 by the presetting mode of electrode off-line, ensure that hollow edged electrode 4 and terminal clamp 35 have high axiality; Again terminal clamp 35 is installed on spindle chuck 34, ensures that terminal clamp 35 and spindle chuck 34 have high axiality; Thereby ensure that spark machined hollow edged electrode 4 has high axiality with laser beam 29.
5. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: described generating device of laser 1 comprises: generating laser and set of lenses 26, wherein set of lenses 26 changes wide laser beam 27 into the minimum narrow laser beam 29 of divergence of processing use, and set of lenses 26 plays the Working liquids effect that enters laser generator of flowing backwards that prevents simultaneously.
6. a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described jet guiding Laser Processing and spark machined working solution 12 are deionized water or distilled water, and Electrolyzed Processing liquid 15 is NaOH or potassium hydroxide solution.
7. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1 and 6, it is characterized in that: described working solution circulating system 9 has comprised the liquid reserve tank 11, filter (Electrolyzed Processing liquid) 16, deionization apparatus (electric spark working solution and jet guiding) 13, hydraulic pump 19, overflow valve 17, hydralic pressure gauge 20, switch valve 18, feed tube 24, the liquid back pipe 7 that contain division board 14.For jet guiding Laser Processing, spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing provide working solution.
8. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1～7, it is characterized in that: described working solution circulating system 9, when carrying out electrical spark working man-hour, working solution feed tube 24 can be pulled down from feed liquor interface 25, then be connected with the inlet 21 on working groove 6 to Quick in working groove for spark machined working solution, until working solution liquid level higher than the surperficial certain distance of workpiece 22 after, then open spark machined liquid back pipe switch 10 and form working solution circulation.
9. a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described power module 3 is pulse powers, and being respectively spark machined and Electrolyzed Processing provides the processing electric pulse of different parameters.
10. according to a kind of jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) described in claim 1～9, it is characterized in that: described jet guiding laser-electric spark-electrolytic combination processing unit (plant) can be processed needs according to reality, use wherein a kind of, or any two kinds of processing modes combination, or three kinds of processing mode combinations are processed.
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| CN104907650A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Abrasive water jet-electrolysis composite pass making method and device for metal part with thermal barrier coating |
| CN104907649A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-16 | 南京航空航天大学 | Abrasive water jet-electric spark composite pass making method and device for metal part with thermal barrier coating |
| CN105364236A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-03-02 | 扬州大学 | Ultrasonic-modulation micro electro-chemical machining experiment system |
| CN106392217A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽理工大学 | Micro hole machining method and equipment |
| CN107962263A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-27 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser and electrolysis combined machining method and its device |
| CN107971592A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-05-01 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Laser intervenes electrochemical micromachining method and its device |
| CN108406098A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The femtosecond laser of pulse regulation and control-nanosecond electrolysis jet flow Machining System and method |
| CN109352102A (en) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-02-19 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of laser and electrolysis composite rotating processing unit (plant) |
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| CN114346337A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏大学 | Abrasive particle assisted laser electrolysis self-coupling cooperative alignment punching method and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109352102A (en) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-02-19 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of laser and electrolysis composite rotating processing unit (plant) |
| CN113857596A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏大学 | Multi-energy-field composite material reduction processing method for manufacturing rough metal surface by additive manufacturing |
| CN113857596B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Multi-energy-field composite material reduction processing method for additive manufacturing of metal rough surface |
| CN114346337A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-15 | 江苏大学 | Abrasive particle assisted laser electrolysis self-coupling cooperative alignment punching method and system |
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Application publication date: 20140827 |