CN103817368A - Method of machining carbon-fibre composite material by combination of laser and machinery - Google Patents
Method of machining carbon-fibre composite material by combination of laser and machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103817368A CN103817368A CN201410072858.9A CN201410072858A CN103817368A CN 103817368 A CN103817368 A CN 103817368A CN 201410072858 A CN201410072858 A CN 201410072858A CN 103817368 A CN103817368 A CN 103817368A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of machining a carbon-fibre composite material by combination of laser and machinery, and particularly relates to a method of machining a carbon-fibre composite material by combination of laser and mechanical cutting, and the method belongs to the laser and machining technology. The method adopts a laser generator as a laser source and selects machining parameters to achieve maximum knifing of single scanning. The parameters comprise power, focusing positions, single-scanning speed and times of single-scanning. A sample piece of the carbon-fibre composite material is subjected to crude machining of the needed geometrical characteristics by one scanning step or several scanning steps to achieve efficient removal of most of the material, heat affected zones and crude machining margins which are generated in the laser machining are removed in one time by the machining manner, and finally the high-quality efficient machining of the needed large-scale of geometrical characteristics for the sample piece of the carbon-fibre composite material is finished. The method effectively reduces the machinery machining load, reduces unavoidable tool wear and machining damage which are determined by the characteristics of the composite material, reduces machining dust, increases the machining efficiency and reduces the tool cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser and Machining Technology, be specifically related to a kind of method that adopts laser and machine cut combination processing carbon fibre composite.
Background technology
Carbon fibre composite has high specific strength, high specific stiffness, fatigue resistance, the characteristic such as corrosion-resistant, has obtained extensive application at aerospace field, can effectively reduce construction weight.In its application, there are a large amount of Cutting Process of member precision and drill process, cutting technique processes for being linked and packed of guaranteeing, to meet various connections, assembling function.In many technical process, mainly realize the processing of carbon fibre composite product and member by the mode of machining, comprise a large amount of drillings, milling and the polishing finishing processing of the geometric properties such as main connection bit, window and load edge.Due to carbon fibre composite self particularity, on thin sight, present the mixed style being formed by fiber and resin, in macroscopic view, present anisotropy and stack feature, simultaneously heat in metal cutting easily causes resin-bonded strength decreased, very easily occurs layering, tears and the machining damage such as burr in machining, and the high-strength height of fiber itself is hard simultaneously, and the difficult diffusion of heat in metal cutting causes tool wear serious, have a strong impact on its high-quality and high-efficiency processing, scrappage is high, cutter consumption is large, causes its use cost high.Simultaneously along with carbon fibre composite application develops into large-scale load-carrying member of present stage from little, inferior load-carrying member gradually, processing dimension is large, processing quantity is many, even if improved crudy and working (machining) efficiency on the basis of Optimizing Process Parameters and cutter structure, a large amount of contact type mechanical processing still can inevitably cause serious tool wear.In addition, abrasive water-jet technology as non-traditional processing also has certain application in carbon fibre composite processing, it has process without thermal deformation, cutting force is little, the advantage that cutting speed is fast, be mainly used in large scale trimming and cutting processing, be mostly non-stress or disconnected region, have the shortcomings such as use cost is high, jet waste recovery is utilized difficulty, noise is large simultaneously.Therefore, rely on merely machining or abrasive waterjet cutting mode to be difficult to meet the requirement that carbon fibre composite is high-quality, efficient, low cost is processed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem existing in above-mentioned carbon fibre composite processing, invent a kind of laser cutting and combine the method for processing carbon fibre composite with machinery, use laser generator 5 as lasing light emitter, set machined parameters and realize single sweep operation cutting-in maximum, comprising power, focal position, single sweep operation speed, scanning times etc., through one or many scanning, carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 is carried out to the roughing of required geometric properties, complete the efficient removal of most of material; Further once remove by machining mode heat affected area 15 and the roughing surplus 14 that Laser Processing produces, finally complete efficient, high-quality, the low cost processing of product and the required geometric properties of member.
The technical solution used in the present invention is the concrete steps of the method for laser and machinery combination processing carbon fibre composite: laser generator 5, light-conducting system 2 are installed on laser instrument fixture 3, laser instrument fixture 3 is arranged on lathe laser main shaft 4, and laser generator 5 is connected with switch board 8 with light-conducting system 2; Carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 is placed on planer-type five axle Comprehensive Experiment lathe workbench 12 by fixture 10, adopts the cutting way that in processing, laser axis overlaps all the time with surface normal direction, guarantee single sweep operation removal amount maximum; Open laser generator 5, computer system 9, according to the material behavior of carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 and processing dimension, is matched the parameters such as focal position, power, sweep speed; Call machining code, laser is focused on by speculum and the lens devices of light-conducting system 2, starts dust arrester 1, by the scanning pattern of having planned in advance, through one or many scanning cutting, completes fast exemplar roughing; Call mechanical main shaft 7, computer system 9, according to Laser Processing heat affected area 15 sizes and roughing surplus 14, is determined fine-processing technique parameter, call machining code, start dust arrester 1, once complete the removal of laser roughing surplus 14 and heat affected area 15, complete the processing of required geometric properties.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: for large thickness carbon fibre composite exemplar, realize larger removal amount by single, through repeatedly rapid scanning removal, effectively reduced the heat affected area that Laser Processing produces when guaranteeing process velocity; Under the as far as possible little prerequisite in heat affected area, realize the rapidly and efficiently removal of most of material, greatly reduce machining amount, solved machining and must obtain to consume expensive cutter the problem of efficient high-quality processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment schematic diagram: wherein, and 1-dust arrester, 2-light-conducting system, 3-laser instrument fixture, 4-laser main shaft, 5-laser generator, 6-assist gas device shower nozzle, 7-mechanical main shaft, 8-switch board, 9-computer system, 10-fixture, 11-carbon fibre composite exemplar, 12-workbench.
Fig. 2 is machining area schematic diagram, wherein, and 11-carbon fibre composite exemplar, 13-laser beam, 14-roughing surplus, 15-heat affected area.
The specific embodiment
Describing specific embodiment of the invention in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing, is one embodiment of the present of invention schematic diagrames in accompanying drawing 1.This method is applicable to carbon fibre composite large scale part bore drilling, window and edge Milling Process, and the model of the material that uses is T300, and fiber volume fraction is 60%, and ply sequence is 0 °/90 °.Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the inventive method is described: device used in the present invention comprises planer-type five axle Comprehensive Experiment lathes, fixture 10, laser generator 5, light-conducting system 2, switch board 8, computer system 9.Fixture 10 is arranged on planer-type five axle Comprehensive Experiment lathe workbench 12.Laser generator 5 is arranged on laser main shaft 4, and light-conducting system 2 is positioned at laser generator 5 belows.
Embodiment 1: processed carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 is of a size of 1000mm × 1000mm × 3mm flat board, window size is 500mm × 500mm, first carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 is fixed on platen 12 by fixture 10, open laser generator 5, assist gas device shower nozzle 6 is aimed to Working position, start dust arrester 1.Start switch board 8, generate required laser roughing and the machine finishing code of this exemplar windowing by computer system 9, platen 12 drives carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 to move along machining path, and continuous laser acts on carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 by light-conducting system 2 and processes; Assist gas device shower nozzle 6 sprays high pressure nitrogen, remove in time the material of gasification/fusing, and protective material matrix is not oxidized; The toxic gas that dust arrester 1 produces processing district and gasification particle detach collection in time; Under gasification/fuse effect at high energy laser beam to Working position material and the High Pressure of assist gas, complete material and remove, complete a cutting-in scanning; Laser main shaft 4 is fed into next focal position, platen 8 drives carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 to complete rescan, incision material internal finally completes the roughing of window, and roughing surplus 14 is 0.6mm, comprising the heat affected area 15 thickness 0.1mm that produce.
Laser roughing: scanning times is 2, first sets single sweep operation focal position, power, sweep speed parameter and scanning times: focus is at carbon fibre composite exemplar 11 surface 0.1mm, power 300W, sweep speed 800mm/min;
Machine finishing: use the multiple-cutting-edge slotting cutter that diameter is 6mm, start mechanical main shaft 7, start dust arrester 1, cutting speed 150m/min, cutting at one time residue removal amount 0.6mm, completes 100mm × 100mm window size high-quality and high-efficiency low cost processing of carbon fibre composite exemplar 11.
In prior art with respect to embodiment, when the hard alloy coating Multi-cutting-edge milling tool milling that general use diameter is 10mm is shaped processing, cutter need be removed material in whole window size, needing to determine cutting-in repeatedly processes, material removal amount is large, long processing time, and tool wear is serious, the low damage processing of two cutter guarantees of minimum use, and produce the deficiencies such as a large amount of dust.Adopt the embodiment mono-of the inventive method by the roughing of laser Multiple-Scan, roughing surplus 14 is 0.6mm, and heat affected area 15 THICKNESS CONTROL are in 0.1mm, as shown in Figure 2; In fine finishining, machining removal amount is only 0.6mm, removes surplus material by a grinding of electroplating diamond grinding apparatus, and machining amount greatly reduces, the cost of charp tool is low, can obtain high surface quality simultaneously, greatly reduces machining amount, shorten process time, save the cost of charp tool.
Claims (1)
1. laser cutting combines the method for processing carbon fibre composite with machinery, it is characterized in that, the method is used laser generator (5) as lasing light emitter, selected machined parameters is realized single sweep operation cutting-in maximum, comprising power, focal position, single sweep operation speed, scanning times, through one or many scanning, carbon fibre composite exemplar (11) is carried out to the roughing of required geometric properties, complete the efficient removal of most of material; Further once remove by machining mode heat affected area (15) and the roughing surplus (14) that Laser Processing produces, finally complete the high-quality and high-efficiency processing of the required large scale geometric properties of carbon fibre composite exemplar (11), concrete steps are as follows:
It is upper that laser generator (5), light-conducting system (2) are installed on laser instrument fixture (3) by the first step, and it is upper that laser instrument fixture (3) is arranged on lathe laser main shaft (4), and laser generator (5) is connected with switch board (8) with light-conducting system (2);
Second step starts switch board (8) and computer system (9), carbon fibre composite exemplar (11) is placed on five axle Comprehensive Experiment lathe workbench (12) by fixture (10), adopt the cutting way that in processing, laser axis overlaps all the time with surface normal direction, guarantee single sweep operation removal amount maximum;
The 3rd step is opened laser generator (5), and computer system (9), according to material behavior and the processing dimension of carbon fibre composite exemplar (11), is matched focal position, power, sweep speed parameter; Call machining code, laser is focused on by speculum and the lens devices of light-conducting system (2), starts dust arrester (1), by the scanning pattern of having planned in advance, through one or many scanning cutting, complete fast carbon fibre composite exemplar (11) roughing;
The 4th step starts mechanical main shaft (7), computer system (9) is according to Laser Processing heat affected area (15) size and roughing surplus (14), determine fine-processing technique parameter, call machining code, start dust arrester (1), once complete the removal of laser roughing surplus (14) and heat affected area (15), complete the processing of required geometric properties.
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| CN201410072858.9A CN103817368A (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2014-02-27 | Method of machining carbon-fibre composite material by combination of laser and machinery |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107214423A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-09-29 | 合肥市漫通科技有限公司 | A kind of special pipe cutter of wiring installation |
| CN107442928A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-08 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method and apparatus of quick measure defocusing amount |
| CN110052674A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州亨允晟机电科技有限公司 | The hole machined system and processing technology of carbon fibre reinforced composite |
| CN110421353A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Auxiliary complex milling machine tool and monitoring method are heated based on machine vision laser |
| CN111069798A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | Laser hole making method for carbon fiber composite material and tool clamp |
| CN111906359A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏江航智飞机发动机部件研究院有限公司 | Automatic processing equipment for gas turbine blade |
| CN111906568A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏江航智飞机发动机部件研究院有限公司 | Device is used in processing of blade root end |
| CN114227008A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN114850877A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-08-05 | 大连理工大学 | Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding unit and method suitable for curved surface component |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107214423A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-09-29 | 合肥市漫通科技有限公司 | A kind of special pipe cutter of wiring installation |
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| CN110421353A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Auxiliary complex milling machine tool and monitoring method are heated based on machine vision laser |
| CN111069798A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 上海市激光技术研究所 | Laser hole making method for carbon fiber composite material and tool clamp |
| CN111906359A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏江航智飞机发动机部件研究院有限公司 | Automatic processing equipment for gas turbine blade |
| CN111906568A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-10 | 江苏江航智飞机发动机部件研究院有限公司 | Device is used in processing of blade root end |
| CN111906568B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏江航智飞机发动机部件研究院有限公司 | Device is used in processing of blade root end |
| CN114227008A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN114227008B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-07-14 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Ultrafast laser cutting method for carbon fiber composite material structure |
| CN114850877A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-08-05 | 大连理工大学 | Laser composite ultrasonic auxiliary grinding unit and method suitable for curved surface component |
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Application publication date: 20140528 |