CN207087311U - Increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses one kind to increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material, and the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material includes structural framing, drive device, workbench, numerical control device, function-changing device and the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization.Drive device includes motor, conveyer belt, leading screw and guide rail；Numerical control device includes input unit, memory, controller, arithmetic unit and output device；3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device can be included with the processing unit (plant) that modularization is changed, various processing unit (plant)s can be according to demand, on function-changing device, user can select one of which or a variety of processing unit (plant)s to cooperate with and carry out rapid modeling, shaping and Precision Machining to workpiece for modular replacing.The increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material is easy to use, processing is efficient, saves resource, has very high economy.

Description

Increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material

Technical field

The utility model belong to increase and decrease the multi-functional process integration device field of material, and in particular to 3D printing, Laser Processing, Digital control processing, Ultrasonic machining, electron beam process, electrical discharge machining and plasma processing techniques, it is possible to achieve to the one of workpiece Change modeling, shaping and Precision Machining.

Technical background

3D printing, Laser Processing, digital control processing, Ultrasonic machining, electron beam process, electrical discharge machining and plasma process are all It is processing mode relatively common in current Machining operations, in the daily process to workpiece, may require that one often Kind or several different processing unit (plant) work compounds, manufacturing procedure is cumbersome, time-consuming longer, while the repetition dress of different processing unit (plant)s Folder also increases the error of part, sometimes for the special processing request met to some part, must just buy specify it is big Type device is used to process, costly, while also result in the great wasting of resources.3D printing technique is also rapid shaping skill Art, after 2000,3D printing technique is studied successively by the colleges and universities such as Tsing-Hua University, the Central China University of Science and Technology, Xi'an Communications University, passes through The part that 3D printing manufactures is complied fully with for following apparatus manufacture " lightweight " and the requirement of " high intensity ", conventional art Many unnecessary losses can be caused during manufactured parts, utilization rate of raw materials is only for complex product, when exaggeration Have less than 10%, and the specific material process technology that increases of 3D printing can then utilize raw material well, utilization rate is up to 90%；Laser Application of the process technology in machining produces has laser engraving machine, laser cutting machine and laser-beam welding machine etc., passes through profit Reach very high energy density on focus point with the laser of cumulative, carry out workpieces processing by photo-thermal effect, have intensity high, monochromatic Property good, coherence is good and the advantages of good directionality, workpiece can be punched, be cut, scribing, welding, the processing such as heat treatment； Computerized Numerical Control processing technology is mainly used on numerical control machining center, and the difference to part is realized by different numerically controlled processing equipments Processing, the mechanical works such as milling, brill, mill, bore hole and fraising can be achieved, digital control processing is the traditional approach of machining, in machinery Using quite varied in processing；Ultrasonic machining technology is to utilize ultrasonic vibration tools, the processed position of impact and rubbing down workpiece, Its local material is formed powder by ablation, to enter eleven punch 11, cutting and grinding operation, and using ultrasonic activation make workpiece Between be combined with each other, at present Ultrasonic machining technology turn into the special process in basic processing mode, tend to be applied to tradition Difficult processing with the manufacturing procedure completed, it is main include ultrasound remove process, ultrasonic surface skin processing and ultra-sonic welded processing； Electron beam process be by using the electron beam after cumulative, with high velocity shock to the minimum area of workpiece surface, its The major part of energy is changed into heat energy, so as to cause the local melting of material or gasification, can process micropore, narrow slit, semiconductor collection It is a kind of accurate processing method, and workpiece is not likely to produce macro-stress and deformation, institute not by mechanical force into circuit etc. It is very wide with rapidoprint scope, fragility, toughness, conductor, non-conductor, semi-conducting material can be processed, processing throughput is very It is high；Electrical discharge machining is to utilize caused pulse feature spark discharge between piece pole and tool-electrode, is showed by producing galvanic corrosion As removing unnecessary metal, so as to reach the purpose to work pieces process, therefore it is easy to for processing various conductive materials, and not Physical property, mechanical property by workpiece are limited, and in process, instrument is not directly contacted with workpiece, thus workpiece without Mechanically deform, on the high material of hardness, machining accuracy is high, can be used to the high complicated die of machined surface quality；Plasma adds Work be using the air of compression as working gas, using the plasma arc of high temperature and high speed as thermal source, metal local melting that will be cut, And simultaneously blown away molten metal with high velocity air, narrow joint-cutting is formed, available for stainless steel, aluminium, copper, cast iron, carbon steel Etc. the cutting of various metal materials, not only cutting speed is fast, joint-cutting is narrow, otch is smooth, heat affected area is small, and workpiece deforms Spend low, and there is significant energy-saving effect.

The project is to design and produce collection 3D printing, Laser Processing, digital control processing, Ultrasonic machining, electron beam process, an electricity Spark is processed and plasma process is in the increase and decrease material processing integrated machine of one, and this will greatly save purchase 3D printer, laser Cutting machine, laser engraving machine, numerically controlled lathe, numerically control grinder, ultrasonic machining unit, electron beam process equipment, electrical discharge machining are set The standby and expense of plasma processing equipment, while these processing unit (plant)s are improved and modularization, becoming can be with modularization more The processing unit (plant) changed, this will greatly save the time-consuming and consumptive material of work pieces process, while can greatly avoid the repetition of workpiece Clamping, be effectively reduced the error of work pieces process, can be provided for workpieces processing one it is more convenient, conveniently, efficiently and section The about processing scheme of cost.

The content of the invention

The utility model provides a kind of increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material, and 3D printing, Laser Processing, numerical control are added Work, Ultrasonic machining, electron beam process, electrical discharge machining and plasma process are fused on a machine, and various processing unit (plant)s can With according to demand it is modular replacing on function-changing device, user can select according to demand one of which or it is several plus Frock puts collaboration and carries out rapid modeling, shaping and Precision Machining to workpiece.

Increasing and decreasing the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material includes structural framing, drive device, workbench, numerical control device, function turn Changing device and the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization.

Structural framing includes bottom support bracket, vertical rack, upper end floor beam and gate beam, and 3-6 root section bars are connected by right angle Connect key to be connected, the bottom for being placed on the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material forms bottom support bracket, and 3-6 root section bars lead between each other Cross right angle connecting key to be connected, be placed at the top of the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material, form the multi-functional processing one of increase and decrease material End floor beam on machine, it is connected between bottom support bracket and upper end floor beam by 3-5 root vertical racks, it is multi-functional collectively forms increase and decrease material The integral outer framework of processing integrated machine, the edge of bottom support bracket and upper end floor beam is provided with rubber washer, prevents edge It is sharp to accidentally injure, especially prevented in the bottom surface of under(-)chassis added with elastomeric pad because the vibrations in process cause processing Skew, so as to influence machining accuracy, gate beam is divided into driving gate beam and numerical control device fixed cross beam, and Y-direction driving is auxiliary Help crossbeam to be arranged on the back side of end floor beam, be connected with vertical rack, connected between the both ends of crossbeam and framework by right angle Key is connected, and forms stable frame structure, and for fixing the motor of Y-direction, Z-direction driving gate beam is arranged on bottom On portion's bearing, with bottom support bracket in same level, pass through right angle between the both ends of Z-direction driving gate beam and bottom support bracket Connecting key is connected, it is ensured that the stabilization of Z-direction motor, numerical control device fixed cross beam are arranged on the preceding table of end floor beam Face, the both ends of numerical control device fixed cross beam are connected between framework by right angle connecting key, form stable frame structure, can be with Ensure the stabilization of numerical control device in process.

Drive device includes motor, conveyer belt, leading screw, guide rail and sliding block, and drive device is divided into X-direction driving dress Put, Y-direction drive device and Z-direction drive device, X-direction drive device include X-direction motor, X-direction conveyer belt, X Direction leading screw, X-direction guide rail and X-direction sliding block, X-direction motor are arranged on the right side of end floor beam, X-direction leading screw It is arranged on by supporting bearing on upper end floor beam, X-direction guide rail is arranged on front and rear crossbeam again by supporting bearing, both It is distributed, is connected between X-direction motor and X-direction leading screw by conveyer belt in X direction so that the kinetic force of motor The rotation of leading screw is enough converted into, is provided with X-direction sliding block on X-direction leading screw and X-direction guide rail, sliding block passes through screwed hole and silk The formation matching relationship of screw thread on thick stick, guide rail can reduce the abrasion of threads of lead screw with the weight of support slipper, and then by leading screw The movement for being converted to sliding block, therefore under the driving of motor, under the control of numerical control device, it is possible to achieve control X-direction sliding block orients and pinpointed in X direction movement；Y-direction drive device includes Y-direction motor, Y-direction conveyer belt, Y Direction leading screw, Y-direction guide rail and Y-direction sliding block, Y-direction motor are arranged on the right side of end floor beam, Y-direction leading screw It is arranged on by supporting bearing on upper end floor beam, Y-direction guide rail is arranged on front and rear crossbeam again by supporting bearing, both It is distributed along Y-direction, is connected between Y-direction motor and Y-direction leading screw by conveyer belt so that the kinetic force of motor The rotation of leading screw is enough converted into, is provided with Y-direction sliding block on leading screw and Y-direction guide rail in the Y direction, sliding block passes through screwed hole and silk The formation matching relationship of screw thread on thick stick, guide rail can reduce the abrasion of threads of lead screw with the weight of support slipper, and then by leading screw The movement for being converted to sliding block, therefore under the driving of motor, under the control of numerical control device, it is possible to achieve control Y-direction sliding block orients along Y-direction and fixed point moves；Z-direction drive device includes Z-direction motor, Z-direction conveyer belt, Z Direction leading screw and Z-direction guide rail, Z-direction motor are arranged on Z-direction driving gate beam, and Z-direction leading screw passes through bearing Bearing is arranged on bottom support bracket front-back, and Z-direction guide rail is arranged on the inner side of vertical rack again by supporting bearing, both All it is distributed, is centrosymmetric along Z-direction, by transmitting band connection between Z-direction motor and Z-direction leading screw so that drives The rotation of dynamic motor can be converted into the rotation of leading screw, under the control of numerical control device, can make to be arranged on Z-direction leading screw and Z What the workbench on traversing guide was oriented and pinpointed along Z-direction moves.

Workbench includes platform structure frame, plane to be processed and Z-direction sliding block, and Z-direction sliding block passes through screwed hole and Z Direction leading screw is combined together, under the driving of motor, by the movement for being converted into Z-direction sliding block of Z-direction leading screw, Z-direction sliding block pass through Z-direction guide rail simultaneously, it is ensured that gentle in sliding block moving process and stably, platform structure frame and Z Direction sliding block is set together, it is ensured that structure frame can do synchronization lifting, plane to be processed with the lifting of Z-direction sliding block It is arranged on platform structure frame, is connected by leveling bolt with platform structure framework, can be effectively ensured to be processed flat The level in face, four limit switches are additionally provided with the drift angle of platform structure framework, prevent workbench during movement Interfered with structure frame or drive device, influence the normal use of apparatus.

Numerical control device includes input unit, memory, controller, arithmetic unit and output device, and input unit includes jerk Button, operation button and off line process data interface, output device include LCD display and output interface, scram button, operation Button, LCD display and off line process data interface are arranged on the front panel of numerical control device, with numerical control device gate beam and Vertical rack is connected, and the current processing mode in process, processing scheduled time, processing can have been used in LCD display Time, 3D printing nozzle temperature, Laser Processing path, digital control processing form, Ultrasonic machining state, electron beam process state, electricity Spark machining state and plasma process state etc. carry out real-time display, while can also Real-time Feedback current machine work shape State, when emergency occurs in process, user can reach protection equipment and guarantor by starting scram button The purpose of personal security is demonstrate,proved, operation button is mainly used to select the option of operation in LCD display, it is possible to achieve to workbench Calibration, send initial order and off line processing etc. sequence of operations, off line process data interface be mainly used in off line processing When use, machining code is write in advance and is stored in SD card, by off line process data interface read machining code, directly Realize processing to workpiece, so as to reach de- mach effect, substantially increase the efficiency of processing, memory, controller and Arithmetic unit is arranged on the backplate of numerical control device, and controller and arithmetic unit, which cooperate, causes motor to realize regulation operating, There is the protection of panel, can effectively avoid the destruction of chip and interface in use, numerical control device receives input and is situated between The information of matter, and its code identified, is stored and computing, and corresponding command pulse is exported with driver, enter And control the processing work of the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material.

Function-changing device includes connection guide rail and power and energy bearing, and X-direction connection guide rail connection X-direction sliding block can To ensure that X-direction connection guide rail can move with the movement of X-direction sliding block, Y-direction connection guide rail connection Y-direction sliding block can To ensure that Y-direction connection guide rail can move with the movement of Y-direction sliding block, guide rail is connected with Y-direction in X-direction connection guide rail Intersection be provided with power and energy bearing, so that the movement of sliding block is delivered on power and energy bearing, in power and energy branch Power interface, information control interface are provided with seat and clamps neck, can be with modularization for modular replacing processing unit (plant) The processing unit (plant) of replacing includes 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam and added Frock is put, electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device, and under the synergy of control device and drive device, function turns Changing device provides the movement in path by realizing, so that processing unit (plant) can also realize horizontal and longitudinal direction fixed point displacement, reaches To the processing request of workpiece, limit switch is set on four surfaces of power and energy bearing, to prevent function-changing device from existing Interfered in quick movement between structural framing or drive device, instrument is caused to damage, influences machining accuracy and generation It is dangerous.

The processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization includes 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasound Processing unit (plant), electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device.3D printing device includes heater And extrusion device, 3D printing device are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, realized by power interface Power demands, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that 3D printing device can realize 3D according to corresponding instruction Printing processing operation；Laser processing device includes laser beam emitting head, and laser beam emitting head is by the high depth of parallelism, the laser of high-energy-density Gathering on workpiece surface to carry out hot-working, the diameter of laser spot can carry out very trickle processing up to below 1um, Laser boring, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser impact intensified processing, laser processing device can be achieved to pass through Clamp neck to be firmly fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, pass through information control interface Realize information transmission so that laser processing device can realize laser processing operation according to corresponding instruction；Numerical control processing apparatus Including digital control processing main shaft and process tool, numerical control processing apparatus is firmly fixed to power and energy bearing by clamping neck On, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface, the lower end of digital control processing main shaft can To change various process tools, so as to realize the number such as milling, plane, brill, mill, bore hole, fraising, tapping according to corresponding instruction Control processing operation；Ultrasonic machining device includes ultrasonic generator and Ultrasonic machining head, and ultrasonic generator sends frequency and existed 20000Hz-50000Hz mechanical wave, because ultrasonic frequency is high, wavelength is short, therefore with good directionality and penetrate energy Power, supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal is changed into superaudible mechanical oscillation by transducer caused by ultrasonic generator, and drives Ultrasonic machining head does ultrasonic vibration, it is possible to achieve ultrasonic cutting processing, rotary ultrasonic grinding, ultrasonic skin processing to workpiece, Ultrasonic plastic is processed and abrasive material impact processing, ultrasonic machining device are firmly fixed to power and energy bearing by clamping neck On, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that ultrasonic machining device can Ultrasonic machining operation is realized according to corresponding instruction；Electron beam processing apparatus includes cumulative electronic generator, after cumulative Electron beam, so that in high velocity shock to the minimum area of workpiece surface, within the extreme time, the major part of its energy turns It is changed into heat energy, causes the local melting of material or gasification, punching to workpiece, etching, welding and heat treatment, electron beam can be achieved Processing unit (plant) is firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, is realized power demands by power interface, is passed through Information control interface realizes information transmission so that electron beam processing apparatus can realize that electron beam process is made according to corresponding instruction Industry；Electric discharge machining apparatus includes spark discharge device, comes by using galvanic corrosion phenomenon caused by the electric discharge of spark discharge device Unnecessary metal is removed, so as to reach the purpose to work pieces process, is mainly used in punch die electrical discharge machining, swaging die electrical spark working Work, aperture electrical discharge machining and profiled holes electrical discharge machining, electric discharge machining apparatus are firmly fixed to work(by clamping neck It can change on bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission be realized by information control interface so that electric spark Processing unit (plant) can realize electrical discharge machining operation according to corresponding instruction；Plasma process device includes plasma heat source and sky Gas compressor reducer, by compressed air, while using the plasma arc of high temperature and high speed as thermal source, metal local melting that will be cut, Molten metal is blown away with high velocity air, so as to form narrow joint-cutting, plasma process device can be used for stainless steel, aluminium, The metal materials such as copper, cast iron, carbon steel are cut, with cutting speed is fast, joint-cutting is narrow, otch is smooth, heat affected area is small and workpiece Advantage, the plasma process devices such as degree of deformation is low are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, pass through power supply Interface realizes power demands, realizes information transmission by information control interface so that plasma process device can be according to corresponding Instruction realize plasma process operation.

The advantages of the utility model device, is

1st, the project is to design and produce an increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material, the device is easy to use, processing is efficient, It is high to save material, economy；

2nd, the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material can select one of which or several suitable according to customer demand Processing mode carries out rapid modeling, shaping and Precision Machining to miniature workpiece；

3rd, the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material can be realized carries out disposable clamping to workpiece, you can to realize single-station Multistage manufacturing processes, save the secondary process time such as positioning, installation, debugging, intermediate transition, and avoid the two of repeated clamping Secondary position error, a set of practicable technical scheme is provided for the manufacture of compound Precision Machining；

4th, 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electricity Spark processing unit (plant) and plasma process device can be with modular replacings on function-changing device, when change processing mode When, the cost for changing large-sized processing equipment is reduced, and other processing unit (plant) Function Extensions can be carried out on function-changing device；

5th, by slic3r softwares, stl file is changed into Geode codes, 3D printing, laser can be utilized to same workpiece The functions such as engraving, digital control processing, Ultrasonic machining, electron beam process, electrical discharge machining and plasma process carry out Combined process；

6th, machining code can be write in advance, by off line process data interface, using operation button and display device, The state of adjusting apparatus, off line job is directly carried out, substantially increase the efficiency of work pieces process.

Brief description of the drawings：

Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the present utility model（1）；

Fig. 2 is overall structure diagram of the present utility model（2）；

Fig. 3 is top partial schematic diagram of the present utility model；

Fig. 4 is bottom partial schematic diagram of the present utility model；

Fig. 5 is workbench schematic diagram；

Fig. 6 is numerical control device schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 is function-changing device schematic diagram；

Fig. 8 is the processing unit (plant) schematic diagram that can be changed with modularization；

Label declaration in figure：

1：Structural framing, 2:Drive device, 3：Workbench, 4：Numerical control device, 5：Function-changing device

101：Bottom support bracket, 102：Vertical rack, 103：Upper end floor beam, 104：Y-direction driving gate beam, 105：Numerical control Device fixed cross beam, 106：Z-direction drives gate beam

201：X-direction motor, 202：X-direction conveyer belt, 203：X-direction leading screw, 204：X-direction guide rail, 205：X side To sliding block, 206：Y-direction motor, 207：Y-direction conveyer belt, 208：Y-direction leading screw, 209：Y-direction guide rail, 210：Y side To sliding block, 211：Z-direction motor, 212：Z-direction conveyer belt, 213：Z-direction leading screw, 214：Z-direction guide rail

301：Z-direction sliding block, 302：Platform structure frame, 303：Plane to be processed, 304：Limit switch

401：LCD display, 402：Scram button, 403：Operation button, 404：Off line process data interface

501：X to connection guide rail, 502：Y-direction connection guide rail, 503：Clamping neck, 504：Signal control interface, 505：Electricity Source interface

601：Device clamping neck, 602：Device information control interface, 603：Installation's power source interface.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to the utility model proposes the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material make into One step describes in detail, and with reference to description above and claims, advantages and features of the present utility model will be more readily apparent from. It should be noted that accompanying drawing uses using very simplified form and non-accurately ratio, only to convenient, clearly auxiliary Help the purpose of explanation the utility model embodiment.

The utility model proposes the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material include structural framing, drive device, workbench, Numerical control device, function-changing device and the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization.Increase and decrease the structure of the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material Frame size is 450mm*450mm*700mm, and it is horizontal that structural framing includes bottom support bracket, vertical rack, upper end floor beam and auxiliary Beam, bottom support bracket 101 include 3-6 roots 450mm section bar, and 3-6 roots section bar is connected by right angle connecting key, form stable frame Frame structure, it is placed on the multi-functional processing integrated machine bottom of increase and decrease material and forms bottom support bracket, upper end floor beam 103 includes 3-6 roots 450mm Section bar, 3-6 roots section bar is connected by right angle connecting key, forms stable frame structure, be placed on increase and decrease material it is multi-functional plus The top of work all-in-one forms upper end floor beam, and vertical rack 102 includes 3-5 roots 700mm vertical rack, passes through right angle connecting key End floor beam and bottom support bracket in connection, collectively form increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material external frame, bottom support bracket with The edge of upper end floor beam is provided with rubber washer, prevents edge from sharply accidentally injuring, and is especially provided with the bottom surface of under(-)chassis Elastomeric pad, prevent that, because the vibrations in process cause process excursion, so as to influence machining accuracy, gate beam is divided into drive Dynamic auxiliary crossbeam and numerical control device fixed cross beam, including Y-direction driving gate beam 104, Z-direction driving gate beam 106 and Numerical control device fixed cross beam 105, Y-direction driving gate beam 104 are arranged on the back side of end floor beam, are connected with vertical rack Connect, the both ends of crossbeam are connected between framework by right angle connecting key, form stable frame structure, are driven for fixing Y-direction Dynamic motor, Z-direction driving gate beam 106 are arranged on bottom support bracket, and with bottom support bracket in same level, Z-direction is driven Key connection is connected by right angle between the both ends of dynamic auxiliary crossbeam and bottom support bracket, ensures the stabilization of Z-direction motor, numerical control dress The preceding surface that gate beam 105 is arranged on end floor beam is put, is connected between the both ends of numerical control device gate beam and framework by right angle Key connection is connect, stable frame structure is formed, the stabilization of numerical control device in process can be ensured.Drive device is divided into X Direction drive device, Y-direction drive device and Z-direction drive device, X-direction drive device include X-direction motor 201, X Direction conveyer belt 202, X-direction leading screw 203, X-direction guide rail 204 and X-direction sliding block 205, X-direction motor 201 are arranged on On the right side of upper end floor beam, X-direction leading screw 203 is arranged on upper end floor beam by supporting bearing respectively, X-direction guide rail 204 Be arranged on front and rear crossbeam again by supporting bearing, be both distributed in X direction, X-direction motor and X-direction leading screw it Between be connected by conveyer belt so that the power of motor can be converted into the rotation of leading screw, in X-direction leading screw and X-direction It is provided with X-direction sliding block 205 on guide rail, for sliding block by the formation matching relationship of the screw thread on screwed hole and leading screw, guide rail can be with The weight of support slipper, the abrasion of threads of lead screw is reduced, and then by the movement for being converted to sliding block of leading screw, therefore driving Under the driving of motor, under the control of numerical control device, it is possible to achieve control X-direction sliding block orients and pinpointed in X direction slip； Y-direction drive device includes Y-direction motor 206, Y-direction conveyer belt 207, Y-direction leading screw 208, Y-direction guide rail 209 with And Y-direction sliding block 210, Y-direction motor 206 are arranged on the right side of upper end floor beam, Y-direction leading screw 208 passes through respectively Supporting bearing is arranged on upper end floor beam, and Y-direction guide rail 209 is arranged on front and rear crossbeam again by supporting bearing, both It is distributed along Y-direction, is connected between Y-direction motor and Y-direction leading screw by conveyer belt so that the kinetic force of motor The rotation of leading screw is enough converted into, is provided with Y-direction sliding block 210 on leading screw and Y-direction guide rail in the Y direction, sliding block passes through screwed hole With the formation matching relationship of the screw thread on leading screw, guide rail can reduce the abrasion of threads of lead screw with the weight of support slipper, and then will The movement for being converted to sliding block of leading screw, therefore under the driving of motor, under the control of numerical control device, it is possible to achieve Control Y-direction sliding block orients and pinpointed slip along Y-direction；Z-direction drive device includes Z-direction motor 211, Z-direction Conveyer belt 212, Z-direction leading screw 213 and Z-direction guide rail 214, it is horizontal that Z-direction motor 211 is arranged on Z-direction driving auxiliary Liang Shang, Z-direction leading screw 213 are arranged on bottom support bracket front-back by supporting bearing, and Z-direction guide rail 214 is again by bearing Bearing is arranged on the inner side of vertical rack, is both distributed, is centrosymmetric along Z-direction, in Z-direction motor and Z-direction By transmitting band connection between leading screw so that the rotation of motor can be converted into the rotation of leading screw, in the control of numerical control device Under system, what the workbench that can make to be arranged on Z-direction leading screw and Z-direction guide rail was oriented and pinpointed along Z-direction moves.Work Making platform includes platform structure frame 302, plane to be processed 303 and Z-direction sliding block 301, and Z-direction sliding block 301 passes through screwed hole It is combined together with Z-direction leading screw 213, under the driving of motor, the rotation of Z-direction leading screw is converted into Z-direction sliding block 301 movement, while Z-direction sliding block passes through Z-direction guide rail 214, it is ensured that it is gentle with stably, putting down in sliding block moving process Platform structure frame 302 is set together with Z-direction sliding block, it is ensured that structure frame can be done together with the lifting of Z-direction sliding block Step lifting, plane 303 to be processed are arranged on platform structure frame, pass through leveling bolt and the platform structure frame of plane to be processed Frame is connected, and ensures the level of plane to be processed, the maximum displacement of the Z-direction movement of plane to be processed is 600mm, in platform knot The drift angle of structure framework is additionally provided with four limit switches 304, prevent workbench during movement with structural frames or driving Device interferes, and influences the normal use of apparatus.Numerical control device includes input unit, memory, controller, arithmetic unit and defeated Go out device, input unit includes scram button 402, operation button 403 and off line process data interface 404, and output device includes Motor in LCD display 401 and drive device, scram button, operation button, LCD display and off line process data Interface is arranged on the front panel of numerical control device, is connected with numerical control device fixed cross beam and vertical rack, LCD display, urgency Stop the front panel that button, operation button, off line process data interface are arranged on numerical control device, the overall dimensions of panel are 30mm* 50mm*2mm, can be to the current processing mode in process, processing scheduled time, processing used time in LCD display 401 Between, 3D printing nozzle temperature, Laser Processing path, digital control processing form, Ultrasonic machining state, electron beam process state, electricity fire Flower machining state and plasma process state etc. carry out real-time display, can processed with Real-time Feedback current machine working condition During occur emergency when, user can by start scram button 402 reach protection equipment and ensure personnel pacify Full purpose, operation button 403 are mainly used to select the option of operation in LCD display, it is possible to achieve to the water of workbench Flat calibration, send sequence of operations, the off line process data interface 404 such as initial order and off line processing and be mainly used in off line and add Man-hour is used, and machining code is write in advance and is stored in SD card, reads machining code by off line process data interface, directly Connecing and workpiece is processed, realize off line job, substantially increase the efficiency of processing, drive circuit uses motor drive ic, Electric impulse signal is changed into angular displacement or displacement of the lines, and realizes that driving current is adjustable, the positive and negative rotating function of motor, electronic section Using the overall-in-one control schema plate of the AVR processors based on Mega2560, Atmega2560 coordinates high-performance as main control chip USB chip ATmega16u2, reach can compatible all RAMPS associated firmwares, can be connected using personal computer by USB line Fetch the multi-functional processing integrated machine of control increase and decrease material or USB flash disk directly connected by USB interface, carry out firmware upgrade, parameter configuration, Easy to use, CNC control systems utilize embedded software, can parse numerical control code caused by main flow numerical control software, carry out part Processing, while have the protection of panel, can effectively avoid the destruction of chip and interface in use, numerical control device The information of input medium is received, and its code identified, is stored and computing, and exports corresponding command pulse to drive Dynamic device, and then control the work of the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material.Function-changing device includes connection guide rail and function turns Bearing is changed, X-direction connection guide rail 501 connects X-direction sliding block 205, it is ensured that X-direction connection guide rail can be with X-direction sliding block Movement and move, Y-direction connection guide rail 502 connects Y-direction sliding block 210, it is ensured that Y-direction connection guide rail can be with Y side Moved to the movement of sliding block, connect guide rail in X-direction and connect with Y-direction the intersection of guide rail and be provided with power and energy bearing 504, so as to which the movement of sliding block is delivered on power and energy bearing, it is provided with power and energy bearing and clamps neck 503, letter Control interface 504 and power interface 505 are ceased, for modular replacing processing unit (plant), the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization Including 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electrical spark working Frock is put and plasma process device, and under the control of numerical control device, function-changing device provides the movement in path by realizing, from And processing unit (plant) is also realized horizontal and longitudinal direction fixed point displacement, reach the processing request to workpiece, in conversion equipment Four surfaces are provided with four limit switches, to prevent function-changing device from being filled in quick movement with structural framing or driving Interfered between putting, cause the damage to instrument, influenceed machining accuracy and cause danger.The processing unit (plant) master that modularization is changed To include 3D printing device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric spark Processing unit (plant) and plasma process device, the device for the processing unit (plant) that modularization is changed clamp neck 601 and function-changing device Clamping neck 503 formed coordinate, to the different processing unit (plant) of fixation, can be realized by device information control interface 602 To the information transmission of device, particular process job requirements are completed, installation's power source interface 603 can be to ultrasonic machining device, electronics Beam processing unit (plant), electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device realize specific power supply power supply, complete the processing to workpiece.

Embodiment 1

3D printing device includes heater and extrusion device, and 3D printing device is firmly fixed to by clamping neck On power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that 3D is beaten Printing equipment, which is put, to realize that operation is processed in 3D printing according to corresponding instruction, and the nozzle material of 3D printing device is brass, and nozzle is straight Footpath has that 0.2mm-0.5mm is available, supports the consumptive materials such as PLA, ABS, nylon, during printing printing head temperature setting be 210 DEG C- Between 230 DEG C, stamp with the size maximum gauge is 280mm, and height 350mm, printing thickness is 0.1mm-0.3mm, and print speed is 10-300mm/s, hott bed temperature are 110 DEG C -120 DEG C, and the part of design can be converted into STL forms and be printed by user, can With the extremely complex parts of print structure, while the cycle of single-piece test specimen, small lot manufactured parts can be made by increasing material technology Reduced with cost, be particularly suitable for the exploitation of new product and the production of single and mini-batch production part, and printed by 3D printing Part will be significantly larger than traditional diamond-making technique in terms of the steadiness and bonding strength of structure.

Embodiment 2

Laser processing device includes laser beam emitting head, and laser beam emitting head assembles the laser of the high depth of parallelism, high-energy-density Hot-working is carried out on to workpiece surface, the diameter of laser spot can carry out very trickle processing up to below 1um, Laser boring, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser impact intensified processing, laser processing device can be achieved to pass through Clamp neck to be firmly fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, pass through information control interface Realize information transmission so that laser processing device can realize laser processing operation, laser processing device according to corresponding instruction Optical maser wavelength used is 445nm（Blue light）, laser power has that 300mw, 500mw, 1000mw, 1600mw are available, light beam Small with spot diameter, generally less than 0.5mm, lens use special optics coated glass, laser speed 0.1-0.5m/s, add Work precision can reach 0.02mm, maximum machining depth 10mm, and Laser Processing, will not be to material using the method for noncontact procession Material causes mechanical presses or mechanical stress, therefore does not have " tool marks ", does not injure the surface of workpiece, will not become material Shape.

Embodiment 3

Numerical control processing apparatus includes digital control processing main shaft and process tool, and numerical control processing apparatus is firm by clamping neck It is fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands is realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface, number The lower end of control machining spindle can change various process tools, equipped with process tool 15, so as to according to finger accordingly The digital control processing operation such as milling, brill, mill, bore hole, fraising, tapping, the speed of mainshaft 300-500r/ of numerical control processing apparatus are realized in order Min, vertical milling maximum gauge 10mm, spindle taper hole BT4-15mm, can process a diameter of 2-10mm in hole, and positioning precision is reachable 300mm/+0.075mm, a variety of processing operations can be achieved, point position control function is mainly used in the hole machined to workpiece, as center is determined The class processing of the hole such as position, drilling, fraising, bore hole, Continuous maching function are then that the processing of plane and curved surface is carried out to processing component, are added Work circularity≤0.03mm, workpiece processing quality is stable, has higher precision.

Embodiment 4

Ultrasonic machining device includes ultrasonic generator and Ultrasonic machining head, and ultrasonic generator sends frequency and existed 20000Hz-50000Hz mechanical wave, supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal is changed into super by transducer caused by ultrasonic generator The mechanical oscillation of audio frequency, amplitude is 0.05~0.1mm, and drives Ultrasonic machining head to do ultrasonic vibration, with high velocity shock Workpiece surface, workpiece material are destroyed under abrasive material strike, come off, and ultrasonic wave processing is mechanical impact, rubbing down, cavitation Synthesis result, it is possible to achieve rotary ultrasonic grinding, ultrasonic skin processing, ultrasonic plastic processing and abrasive material impact to workpiece add Work, workpieces processing surface roughness Ra value are 0.4~0.8 μm, and workpieces processing circularity is up to 0.035mm, workpieces processing size essence Degree is up to IT6, and linearity is up to 0.01mm, and nanosizing arranges the workpiece surface tissue after ultrasonic skin processing again, work Part surface roughness improves, and after work pieces process is complete, plasticity is recovered again, and workpiece fatigue strength, fatigue life, corrosion resistance are big Amplitude improve, and without cracking, layering phenomena such as.

Embodiment 5

Electron beam processing apparatus includes cumulative electronic generator, using the electron beam after cumulative, with high velocity shock On the area minimum to workpiece surface, within the extreme time, the major part of its energy is changed into heat energy, causes the part of material Melt or gasification, can be achieved punching to workpiece, etching, welding and heat treatment, the positioning precision of electron beam welding for ± 0.02mm, supply voltage specification be 220V/ it is single-phase/50Hz, electric current 10A, the depth of weld can be accurate in the range of 0.05-10mm Control, when high power welds, depth-to-width ratio is up to 5：1, reach as high as 10：1, it is small using electron beam welding workpiece heat affected area, Speed of welding is fast, accurately controls, and focal spot is small, can high accuracy positioning, easily realize automation and face of weld light it is attractive in appearance, Non-oxidation phenomenon.Embodiment 6

Electric discharge machining apparatus includes spark discharge device, by spark discharge device electric discharge caused by galvanic corrosion phenomenon come Remove unnecessary metal, reach the purpose to work pieces process, be mainly used in punch die electrical discharge machining, swaging die electrical discharge machining, Aperture electrical discharge machining and profiled holes electrical discharge machining, the maximum process velocity of electric discharge machining apparatus is up to 220mm/min, most Big cutting thickness is 60mm, and maximum processing electric current is 8A, and wire electrode diameter range is Ф 0.10- Ф 0.22mm, and machining accuracy is ± 0.015mm, maximum cutting gradient is ± 3 °, and taper is ± 3 °, Biao Mian Cu Cao Du≤2.5um, electrical discharge machining without cutting force, Electrical discharge machining is the processing that electric energy is converted to heat energy, 0.02~0.3mm distance is kept between machined electrode and workpiece, therefore Do not influenceed by cutting force, can reach micron-sized precision and very high surface quality when processing thin-walled, Flammability limits workpiece, Highest face temperature quality can reach the minute surface of Ra=0.1 μm, and electrical discharge machining is adapted to process various conductive materials, the efficiency of processing Height, cost are low.

Embodiment 7

Plasma process device includes plasma heat source and air compressor, by compressed air, while with high temperature and high speed Plasma arc be thermal source, floating voltage is generally 120-600V, metal local melting that will be cut, with high velocity air by Molten metal is blown away, and so as to form narrow joint-cutting, plasma process device can be used for stainless steel, aluminium, copper, cast iron, carbon steel etc. Metal material is cut, and for speed up to 5-6 times of oxygen cutting method, input voltage/frequency of plasma cut is 200V/50Hz, etc. Ion cutting current is 100A, cutting thickness 1-18mm, highest cutting speed up to 6000mm/min, positioning precision is reachable ± 0.3mm, conventional plasma arc working gas have argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, air, vapor and some mixed gas, plasma to cut The cut surface that cuts is bright and clean, thermal deformation is small, does not almost have a heat affected area, tool plasma cut have cutting speed is fast, joint-cutting is narrow, Otch is smooth, the small advantage such as low with workpiece degree of deformation in heat affected area.

User can select one of which or several suitable processing modes according to demand to small-sized zero when processing operation Part carries out rapid modeling, shaping and Precision Machining, and a set of practicable technical side is provided for the manufacture of compound Precision Machining Case, the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material is easy to use, processing is efficient, saves material, has very high economy.

Claims (4)

1. increase and decrease the multi-functional processing integrated machine of material, including structural framing, drive device, workbench, numerical control device, power and energy Device and the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization；It is horizontal that structural framing includes bottom support bracket, vertical rack, upper end floor beam and auxiliary Beam, it is connected between bottom support bracket and upper end floor beam by vertical rack；Drive device include motor, conveyer belt, leading screw, Guide rail and sliding block, drive device are divided into X-direction drive device, Y-direction drive device and Z-direction drive device, passed through in X-direction The operating of X-direction motor enables X-direction sliding block to do orientation fixed point movement in X direction, is driven in Y-direction by Y-direction The operating of motor enables Y-direction sliding block to do orientation fixed point slip along Y-direction, passes through the operating of Z-direction motor in Z-direction Enable workbench to do orientation fixed point along Z-direction to slide；Workbench includes platform structure frame and plane to be processed, to be added Work plane is connected by leveling bolt with platform structure framework, can effectively ensure the level of plane to be processed；Numerical control fills Put including input unit, memory, controller, arithmetic unit and output device, input unit include scram button, operation button and Off line process data interface, output device include LCD display and output interface, and function-changing device includes connection guide rail and work( Bearing can be changed, X-direction connection guide rail connection X-direction sliding block, Y-direction connection guide rail connection Y-direction sliding block, is connected in X-direction The intersection that guide rail connects guide rail with Y-direction is provided with power and energy bearing, be provided with power and energy bearing power interface, Information control interface and clamping neck；The processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization includes 3D printing device, laser processing device, number Control processing unit (plant), ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and plasma process device；3D printing Device, laser processing device, numerical control processing apparatus, ultrasonic machining device, electron beam processing apparatus, electric discharge machining apparatus and wait Ion processing unit (plant) can be with modular replacing on function-changing device；The enforcement division for the processing unit (plant) that can be changed with modularization Part is arranged on the laser hair of the inside of increase and decrease material all-in-one multifunctional machine, i.e. the extrusion shower nozzle of 3D printing device, laser processing device Penetrate head, the main shaft of numerical control processing apparatus and cutter, the ultrasonic transducer of ultrasonic machining device and tool heads, electron beam processing apparatus Electron beam shower nozzle, the electrode of electric discharge machining apparatus and the ion beam shower nozzle of plasma process device, be arranged on increase and decrease material it is more The inside of functions machine, the display of numerical control device and control section are arranged at the outside of increase and decrease material all-in-one multifunctional machine；3D Printing equipment includes heater and extrusion device, and 3D printing device is firmly fixed to power and energy branch by clamping neck On seat, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that 3D printing device can Realize that operation is processed in 3D printing according to corresponding instruction；Laser processing device includes laser beam emitting head, and laser beam emitting head is by Gao Ping Row degree, the laser of high-energy-density are gathered on workpiece surface to carry out hot-working, the diameter of laser spot up to below 1um, Very trickle processing can be carried out, laser boring, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser polishing and laser impact intensified can be achieved Processing, laser processing device are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, are realized and powered by power interface Demand, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that laser processing device can realize laser according to corresponding instruction Process operation；Numerical control processing apparatus includes digital control processing main shaft and process tool, and numerical control processing apparatus is firm by clamping neck Be fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface, The lower end of digital control processing main shaft can change various process tools, so as to realize milling, brill, mill, boring according to corresponding instruction The digital control processing operation such as hole, fraising, tapping；Ultrasonic machining device includes ultrasonic generator and Ultrasonic machining head, ultrasound hair Generating apparatus sends mechanical wave of the frequency in 20000Hz-50000Hz, because ultrasonic frequency is high, wavelength is short, therefore with good Directionality and penetration capacity, supersonic frequency electric oscillation signal is changed into superaudible by transducer caused by ultrasonic generator Mechanical oscillation, and drive Ultrasonic machining head to do ultrasonic vibration, it is possible to achieve ultrasonic cutting processing, ultrasonic grinding to workpiece add Work, ultrasonic skin processing, ultrasonic plastic processing and abrasive material impact processing, ultrasonic machining device are firmly fixed by clamping neck On power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that be super Sound processing unit (plant) can realize Ultrasonic machining operation according to corresponding instruction；Electron beam processing apparatus occurs including cumulative electronics Device, using the electron beam after cumulative, with high velocity shock to the minimum area of workpiece surface, within the extreme time, The major part of its energy is changed into heat energy, causes the local melting of material or gasification, punching, etching, the weldering to workpiece can be achieved Connect and be heat-treated, electron beam processing apparatus is firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, passes through power interface Power demands are realized, information transmission is realized by information control interface so that electron beam processing apparatus can be according to finger accordingly Electron beam process operation is realized in order；Electric discharge machining apparatus includes spark discharge device, is produced when being discharged by spark discharge device Raw galvanic corrosion phenomenon removes unnecessary metal, reaches the purpose to work pieces process, is mainly used in punch die electrical discharge machining, die cavity Mould electrical discharge machining, aperture electrical discharge machining and profiled holes electrical discharge machining, electric discharge machining apparatus are firm by clamping neck Be fixed on power and energy bearing, power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission is realized by information control interface, Electric discharge machining apparatus is enabled to realize electrical discharge machining operation according to corresponding instruction；Plasma process device include wait from Sub- thermal source and air compressor, by compressed air, while using the plasma arc of high temperature and high speed as thermal source, by cut metal Local melting, molten metal is blown away with high velocity air, so as to form narrow joint-cutting, plasma process device can be used for not The metal materials such as steel, aluminium, copper, cast iron, carbon steel that become rusty are cut, with cutting speed is fast, joint-cutting is narrow, otch is smooth, heat affected area Small advantage, the plasma process device such as low with workpiece degree of deformation are firmly fixed on power and energy bearing by clamping neck, Power demands are realized by power interface, information transmission are realized by information control interface so that plasma process device can Plasma process operation is realized according to corresponding instruction.

2. the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described motor is step Stepper motor or servomotor.

3. the increase and decrease multi-functional processing integrated machine of material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Numerical control device is deposited with power-off Store up function, it is possible to achieve de- machining operation.

4. the multi-functional processing integrated machine of increase and decrease material according to any one in claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：Avoid The repeated clamping of work pieces process, using increasing and decreasing material integration process technology, it is possible to achieve integrated modelling, shaping to workpiece and Processing.