CN112222547A - Efficient electrochemical machining device and method for multiple-cavity structure on inner surface of casing - Google Patents
Efficient electrochemical machining device and method for multiple-cavity structure on inner surface of casing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222547A CN112222547A CN202011050161.3A CN202011050161A CN112222547A CN 112222547 A CN112222547 A CN 112222547A CN 202011050161 A CN202011050161 A CN 202011050161A CN 112222547 A CN112222547 A CN 112222547A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
An anode workpiece is clamped on a machine tool workbench, a cathode head is clamped on a feeding steering device through a cathode clamping block, and the feeding steering device can be simultaneously provided with a plurality of cathode clamping blocks; in the machining process, the main shaft of the machine tool vertically feeds along the Z axis, and the cathode head is driven by the feeding steering device to transversely feed. Each cathode clamping block is provided with an electrolyte inlet and an internal electrolyte channel; each cathode head processing surface is provided with electrolyte outlets in different forms. According to the invention, the special feeding steering device is used for driving the plurality of cathode heads to perform electrolytic machining simultaneously, so that the machining efficiency is effectively improved; the feeding steering device is used as a carrier, and the plurality of cathode heads are additionally arranged at different positions, so that the simultaneous processing of a plurality of cavity structures is realized, the process flow is reduced, the repeated tool setting procedure in the one-time processing process of a plurality of cavities is reduced, and the processing precision is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency electrolytic machining device and a machining method for a multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing.
Background
The aeroengine is a power core component of an airplane, and the manufacturing technology of the aeroengine is a typical representative of national manufacturing industry and is an important embodiment of national comprehensive national force. The casing is one of the key parts in the aeroengine, and has important functions of bearing connection, bearing, support, accommodation and the like. Casings are typically thin-walled solid-of-revolution parts, typically hundreds to thousands of millimeters in diameter, with wall thicknesses typically only on the order of 2-3 millimeters. In order to further reduce weight and energy consumption, and maintain better rigidity, the surface of the casing part is usually provided with a structure with more discontinuous cavities. The traditional cutting method of the material is easily affected by clamping force, cutting force and residual stress generated by machining, so that the part of the casing is deformed. In addition, the casing is usually made of a material difficult to process, such as a high temperature alloy, and the cutter is very easy to damage during the processing, so that the manufacturing cost is high.
The electrochemical machining is a special machining technology for removing redundant materials by utilizing the electrochemical dissolution of the anode materials, has the technical advantages of no residual stress, no cutter loss and the like, and has great application value in the machining and manufacturing of aeroengine case parts. For example, the study of Beijing aviation manufacturing engineering proposes a rotary scanning type photo electrochemical machining method, the university of Nanjing aerospace proposes a rotary printing electrochemical machining method (Chinese patent application No. 201410547093.X), and Shenyang dawn aeroengine (group) Limited liability company proposes an electrochemical machining technology (Chinese patent application No. 200910248600.9) for machining the casing surface by using a block electrode. However, the above methods are all the electrolytic machining technologies proposed for the outer surface boss structure of the casing, and the efficient electrolytic machining technology for the inner cavity structure of the casing is yet to be further studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low processing efficiency and high production cost in the manufacturing process of a cavity structure in a thin-wall casing, and provides an efficient electrochemical machining device and a machining method for a multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing, which are suitable for a revolving body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-efficiency electrolytic machining device for a multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, which is characterized by comprising a feeding steering device, a machine tool spindle, a liquid inlet, a cathode clamping block, a cathode head, an anode workpiece, a machine tool workbench and a liquid outlet;
the anode workpiece is clamped on a machine tool workbench and is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply; the cathode head is clamped on the feeding steering device through a cathode clamping block and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the feeding steering device can be simultaneously provided with a plurality of cathode clamping blocks; in the machining process, the main shaft of the machine tool vertically feeds along the Z axis, and the cathode head is driven by the feeding steering device to transversely feed.
Each cathode clamping block is provided with an electrolyte inlet and an internal electrolyte channel; the cathode head is fixedly connected to the corresponding cathode clamping block, electrolyte liquid outlets in different forms are arranged on the processing surface of each cathode head, and the liquid inlet, the internal electrolyte flow channel of the cathode clamping block, the internal electrolyte flow channel of the cathode head and the liquid outlets are communicated.
Further, the feeding device converts the Z-axis feeding motion into the X-axis feeding motion through a conical transmission structure, and the speed conversion relation of the feeding device is fx＝fzTan theta, where theta is the angle between the tapered ramp of the feed steering device and the Z axis, fzFor the vertical feed speed, f, of the machine spindlexThe cathode head infeed speed.
Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the inner hole of the upper end liquid inlet of the cathode clamping block is larger than the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the liquid outlets on the surface of the corresponding cathode head.
Furthermore, the liquid outlet on the surface of the cathode head is a slit-shaped outlet, and the slit width is 0.1-1 mm.
The invention also provides a high-efficiency electrolytic machining method for the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): fixedly connecting a feeding steering device to a main shaft of a machine tool, respectively connecting a cathode clamping block at different positions of a conical surface structure of the feeding steering device according to processing requirements, and mounting a cathode head matched with a cavity structure in a casing on the cathode clamping block; fixing an anode workpiece to be processed on a workbench of an electrolytic machine tool through a special fixture;
step (2): checking a power supply and an electric loop to ensure that no open circuit or short circuit exists, and respectively connecting the anode workpiece and the cathode head with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply; checking an electrolyte circulating system to ensure that an electrolyte loop has no leakage and the liquid supply pressure is adjustable;
and (3): according to formula fx＝fzCalibrating the feeding speed of the machine tool by tan theta, starting a machining power supply, and starting an electrolyte circulation system and a machine tool control system; driven by a machine tool spindle, the cathode head gradually approaches the inner surface of the anode workpiece; under the electrochemical action, the inner surface of the anode workpiece and the opposite area of the cathode head are subjected to electrochemical dissolution;
and (4): the machine tool spindle drives the cathode head to continuously feed, and a cavity structure with a certain depth is formed in the corresponding area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece step by step. According to the formula t ═ h/fxAnd calibrating the processing time, wherein h is the cavity depth and t is the processing time. When processing, the length is t-h/fxAnd when the machine tool stops feeding, the machining power supply and the electrolyte circulating system are closed.
And (5): the main shaft of the machine tool moves upwards to drive the cathode head to be far away from the cavity structure on the surface of the workpiece, the parts of the casing are taken out, the processed products are cleaned, and then the next procedure is carried out.
Furthermore, the cathode head and the cathode clamping block are communicated with each other through an electrolyte flow channel inside the cathode head and the cathode clamping block, and a rubber ring is added at the joint to keep tight sealing.
Furthermore, the machine tool spindle provides Z-direction movement, and the cathode head is driven to move horizontally through the feeding steering device.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable effects:
1. the technical method is based on electrochemical principle machining forming, is a non-contact high-quality machining method, and effectively overcomes the technical problems that workpieces are easy to deform, the loss of a cutter is large, the machining cost is high and the like in the traditional machining.
2. According to the invention, the special feeding steering device is used for driving the plurality of cathode heads to perform electrolytic machining simultaneously, so that the machining efficiency is effectively improved; the feeding steering device is used as a carrier, and the plurality of cathode heads are additionally arranged at different positions, so that the simultaneous processing of a plurality of cavity structures is realized, the process flow is reduced, the repeated tool setting procedure in the one-time processing process of a plurality of cavities is reduced, and the processing precision is ensured.
3. The cathode head and the cathode clamping block are of separate structures, so that the cathode head with different structural shapes can be replaced according to actual needs in the machining process, and the machining requirements of complex shallow cavity structures with different structural forms are met. Meanwhile, if the processing process has short circuit and other accidents, the processing can be continued only by replacing the cathode head, and the processing cost is effectively saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an efficient electrochemical machining apparatus for a multiple-cavity structure of an inner surface of a casing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode head of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the feed steering apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a feeding steering device 1, a machine tool spindle 2, a liquid inlet 3, a cathode clamping block 4, a cathode head 5, an anode workpiece 6, a workbench 7, a liquid outlet 8, an alignment line 9, a clamping end 10, a conical guide rail 11 and a supporting block 12;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an efficient electrochemical machining apparatus with a multi-cavity structure for an inner surface of a casing according to the present invention, which includes a feeding steering apparatus 1, a machine tool spindle 2, a liquid inlet 3, a cathode clamping block 4, a cathode head 5, an anode workpiece 6, a worktable 7, and a liquid outlet 8; the feeding steering device 1, the machine tool spindle 2, the cathode clamping block 4, the cathode head 5 and the workbench 7 are all made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel; the feed steering device 1 should remain free to slide without resistance; a rubber gasket is added between the cathode head 5 and the cathode clamping block 4 to keep the contact part between the cathode head and the cathode clamping block from leaking.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode head of the present invention, which includes a liquid outlet 8, an alignment line 9, and a clamping end 10; when the clamping end 10 is screwed with the cathode clamping block, the alignment line 9 is kept aligned with the alignment line on the cathode clamping block 4 to ensure that the cathode head is vertical and does not generate outward inclination; the liquid outlet 8 is a slit outlet, and the width range of the slit outlet is about 0.1-1 mm.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the feed steering apparatus of the present invention, including alignment lines 9, tapered guide rails 11, support blocks 12, and cathode clamping blocks 4 and machine spindle 2; the conical guide rail 11 can be simultaneously sleeved with a plurality of cathode clamping blocks 4 and keeps relatively free sliding; the cathode clamping blocks 4 are inserted into dovetail guide grooves of the cathode clamping blocks from the upper end of the conical guide rail 11, and mutually supported at the lower end of the conical guide rail 11 without falling off; the surface of the supporting block 12 is also provided with a guide groove to ensure that the cathode clamping block 4 can smoothly feed along the transverse direction when the main shaft of the machine tool moves downwards; in the using process, the supporting block 12 is fixed on the machine tool workbench 7, and the upper surface of the supporting block 12 is provided with a guide column which is inserted into a central inner hole at the bottom of the conical guide rail 11 for guiding.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention relates to a high-efficiency electrolytic machining method for a multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of a casing, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step (1): the feed turn device 1, the cathode holding block 4, the cathode head 5 and the anode workpiece 6 are installed.
Fixing the anode workpiece 6 to be processed on the machine tool workbench 7 through a special fixture, and checking the alignment of the anode workpiece 6 and the machine tool workbench 7. Fixedly connecting a feeding steering device 1 to a machine tool spindle 2, mounting four cathode clamping blocks 4 on four side surfaces of the feeding steering device 1, and mounting a cathode head 5 matched with a cavity to be processed on each cathode clamping block 4.
Step (2): checking machine tools and checking machine tool feed speed
Checking a power supply system and a power supply loop thereof to ensure no short circuit or open circuit; checking an electrolyte circulating system to ensure that the electrolyte is not leaked and the liquid supply pressure is adjustable; the respective devices of the machine tool are ensured to be fault-free and the cathode tool 5 and the anode workpiece 6 are connected to the negative power supply and the positive power supply, respectively. Checking machine tool mainWhether the feeding speed in the Z direction of the shaft meets the formula fx＝fz*tanθ。
In this example theta is 23 deg., and the cathode feed rate f is calculated by preliminary theoryxIs 1mm/min, the Z-direction feed speed of the main shaft of the machine tool can be obtained to be about 2.358mm/min according to the formula.
And (3): and (5) closing the inner surface to prepare for processing.
The machine tool is manually started, so that the main shaft 2 of the machine tool vertically moves downwards, the cathode clamping block is driven to horizontally move through the feeding steering device 1, and then the cathode heads 5 are closed to the surface to be machined, so that an initial gap of about 0.5mm is kept between each cathode head 5 and the anode workpiece 6.
Step (4); and starting the electrolyte system and the electrolytic machining power supply system to start machining.
Starting an electrolyte circulating system, starting an electrolytic machining power supply system, starting a machine tool numerical control system, driving a machine tool main shaft 2 to continuously feed along the Z-axis direction, driving a cathode head 5 to feed along the horizontal direction through a feed steering device 1, and forming a cavity with a certain depth and corresponding to the shape of the cathode head 5 in an area opposite to an anode workpiece 6. According to the formula t ═ h/fxAnd calibrating the processing time, wherein h is the cavity depth and t is the processing time. When processing, the length is t-h/fxAnd when the machine tool stops feeding, the machining power supply and the electrolyte circulating system are closed.
In the embodiment, the depth of the cavity is 2mm, and the feeding speed f of the machine tool spindle along the Z direction can be known from the step (2)zAbout 2.358mm/min, the speed f of horizontal feeding of the cathode headxThe machining time t can be converted into 2min according to the formula to complete the machining of a plurality of cavities on the inner wall of the casing, wherein the machining time t is 1mm/min, and therefore the machining process can be effectively simplified and the machining efficiency can be greatly improved.
And (5): and (5) finishing the machining and cleaning the workpiece.
And after the preset machining time is reached, closing the electrolytic machining power supply system and the electrolyte circulating system, manually controlling the machine tool to drive the machine tool spindle to move upwards along the Z axis, prompting the cathode head 5 to withdraw from the inner wall cavity structure of the anode workpiece 6, taking down the anode workpiece 6, and cleaning a machined product. And then flow to the next process.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient electrolytic machining device of many die cavity structures of quick-witted casket internal surface which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a feeding steering device (1), a machine tool spindle (2), a cathode clamping block (4), a cathode head (5), an anode workpiece (6) and a machine tool workbench (7);
the anode workpiece is clamped on a machine tool workbench and is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply; the cathode head is clamped on the feeding steering device through a cathode clamping block and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the feeding steering device is provided with a plurality of cathode clamping blocks; in the machining process, the main shaft of the machine tool vertically feeds along the Z axis, and the cathode head is driven by the feeding steering device to transversely feed;
every negative pole grip block all is equipped with electrolyte inlet (3) and inside electrolyte runner, and the negative pole head concreties on corresponding negative pole grip block, and every negative pole head all is equipped with electrolyte liquid outlet (8) and inside electrolyte runner, the inside electrolyte runner of inlet, negative pole grip block, the inside electrolyte runner of negative pole head, liquid outlet intercommunication.
2. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feed steering device converts the Z-axis feed motion into the X-axis feed motion through a conical transmission structure, and the speed conversion relationship is fx＝fzTan theta, where theta is the included angle of the tapered ramp of the feed steering device with the Z axis, fzFor the vertical feed speed of the machine spindle, fxThe cathode head infeed speed.
3. The efficient electrochemical machining device with the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the joint of the cathode clamping block and the cathode head (5) is in sealing connection.
4. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the multiple-cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional area of an inner hole of a liquid inlet at the upper end of the cathode clamping block is larger than a sum of cross-sectional areas of liquid outlets on the surfaces of the corresponding cathode heads.
5. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid outlet of the cathode head is a slit-shaped outlet, and the width of the slit is 0.1-1 mm.
6. The efficient electrochemical machining device for the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the casing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the machining time period t ═ h/f of the cathode headxAnd h is the cavity depth.
7. The method for efficiently electrolytic machining of the multi-cavity structure on the inner surface of the machine casing according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): fixedly connecting a feeding steering device (1) to a machine tool spindle (2), respectively connecting cathode clamping blocks (4) at different positions of a conical surface structure of the feeding steering device (1) according to processing requirements, and installing cathode heads (5) with corresponding shapes and structures according to a casing cavity structure; fixing an anode workpiece (6) to be processed on a workbench (7) of an electrolytic machine tool through a special clamp;
step (2): checking a power supply and an electric loop to ensure that no open circuit or short circuit exists, and respectively connecting the anode workpiece (6) and the cathode head (5) with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply; checking an electrolyte circulating system to ensure that an electrolyte loop has no leakage and the liquid supply pressure is adjustable;
and (3): according to formula fx＝fzTan theta is used for calibrating the feeding speed of the machine tool, theta is an included angle between a conical inclined surface of the feeding steering device and a Z axis, fzFor the vertical feed speed of the machine spindle, fxThe cathode head transverse feeding speed; starting a machining power supply, and starting an electrolyte circulation system and a machine tool control system; under the drive of the machine tool spindle (2), the cathode head (5) gradually approaches the inner surface of the anode workpiece (6); under the electrochemical action, the electrochemical dissolution is carried out on the opposite area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece (6) and the cathode head (5);
and (4): under the continuous driving of the machine tool spindle (2), a cavity structure with a certain depth is gradually formed in the opposite area of the inner surface of the anode workpiece (6) and the cathode head (5); according to the formula t ═ h/fxCalibrating the processing time, wherein h is the cavity depth and t is the processing time; when processing, the length is t-h/fxWhen the machine tool stops feeding, the machining power supply and the electrolyte circulating system are closed;
and (5): the machine tool spindle (2) moves upwards to promote the cathode head (5) to exit from the surface cavity structure of the anode workpiece (6); and taking out the parts of the casing, cleaning the processed products, and then transferring to the next process.
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| CN114473090A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 沈阳理工大学 | Device for profiling inner wall groove of metal cylinder part through electrolytic machining |
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