CN112025010B - Vertical electrolytic machining equipment and method for complex inner spiral line - Google Patents
Vertical electrolytic machining equipment and method for complex inner spiral line Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025010B CN112025010B CN202010895458.3A CN202010895458A CN112025010B CN 112025010 B CN112025010 B CN 112025010B CN 202010895458 A CN202010895458 A CN 202010895458A CN 112025010 B CN112025010 B CN 112025010B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
- B23H11/003—Mounting of workpieces, e.g. working-tables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to the field of electrolytic machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to a complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic machining device and a machining method. The electrolytic machining equipment adopts a vertical structure; the connecting rod with the double-layer liquid passing channel is designed, the electrolyte sealing device is tightly matched with the connecting rod, and the built-in sealing ring and the sealing section of the cathode seal the processing area; the automatic centering tool is adopted to rapidly clamp the parts; the high-efficiency precise electrolytic machining of the complex inner spiral line part is realized by adopting a pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration combined machining method, so that the problems of inconvenient workpiece loading and unloading and poor machining quality when the existing horizontal electrolytic machining equipment processes the light small-caliber inner spiral line part with the length of 800-1000 mm are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of electrolytic machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to a complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic machining device and a machining method.
Background
The small-caliber complex inner spiral line (length: 800-1000 mm, length-diameter ratio is more than or equal to 25) is widely applied to parts such as recoilless gun barrels, gun barrels and the like. The parts are machined by adopting traditional mechanical broaching, and the problems of low machining efficiency, poor surface quality, easy loss of cutters and high machining cost exist. With the further improvement of the hardness of the material, the hardness of a new product reaches HRC48-50, the structure is more and more complex, and the mechanical broaching can not meet the requirements of high-efficiency and high-quality processing of modern products. The electrolytic machining provides an effective advanced machining method for machining complex internal spiral line parts by virtue of the advantages of high machining efficiency, good surface quality, no cutting stress and no electrode loss.
The existing complex inner spiral line deep hole type parts are processed by adopting horizontal electrolytic processing equipment generally, and the large-caliber inner spiral line horizontal electrolytic processing machine tool has better rigidity and stability, but the machine tool usually needs multiple persons to cooperate to finish the installation of the workpiece when the workpiece is clamped, repeated debugging and tool setting are needed during the installation, and the auxiliary installation time is longer. Under the action of gravity, the electrolyte flowing rapidly in the machining process is easy to cause uneven distribution of electrolyte flow fields in a machining gap, directly influences the dimensional machining precision and the surface quality of parts, and causes short circuit when the machining is particularly serious, so that the machining cannot be performed.
The utility model patent ZL 201520040735.7 (an improved numerical control electrolytic rifling machining horizontal machine tool) provides a numerical control electrolytic machining machine tool for machining spiral line parts with the length of 300-1000 mm, a fixture adopts a V-shaped groove for clamping and positioning, a workpiece is directly placed on a supporting surface of a V-shaped block, the clamping mode has the problems that the workpiece cannot be firmly fixed, the part easily slides along the V-shaped block under the action of high-flow high-pressure electrolyte, and the machining precision is low and short circuit is easy to occur.
Chang Dandan of the university of the fertilizer combination industry designs a set of clamp device for clamping a workpiece by screwing a bolt between an upper cover of a turnover clamp and a base of the clamp in a horizontal tube cylinder inner cavity electrolytic machining machine tool in a 'design and analysis of the tube cylinder inner cavity electrolytic machining machine tool' of the university of the fertilizer combination industry, the inside of the clamp is provided with a stepped hole, and the workpiece has the advantages of accurate positioning and reliable clamping by taking an outer arc surface and two end faces as positioning references. But when clamping the workpiece, the workpiece is clamped on a clamp of a fixed workbench, and then the clamp on the movable workbench is driven to a proper position by adjusting a ball screw to clamp the other end of the workpiece. The clamping mode is complex, and is difficult to operate by one worker, so that the processing production efficiency is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the utility model provides a complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic machining device and a machining method, which aims to solve the problems of inconvenient workpiece loading and unloading and poor machining quality when the existing horizontal electrolytic machining device is used for machining light small-caliber spiral line parts with the lengths of 800-1000 and mm.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows: vertical electrolytic machining equipment of complicated internal spiral line, its characterized in that: comprises a machine tool base, an automatic centering tool, a transmission device and a conductive main shaft device;
the machine tool comprises a machine tool base, a machine tool column and a workbench, wherein a pair of cushion blocks are fixedly arranged on the workbench, and an electrolyte recovery device is arranged below a through hole in the workbench; the automatic centering tool consists of a concentric sleeve fixed on the cushion block and a manipulator clamp arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post, the transmission device and the conductive main shaft device are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post at the upper end of the automatic centering tool from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve and the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device are concentrically arranged;
the upper end of the transmission device is connected with a liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is connected with electrolyte in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device is arranged below the conductive main shaft device, the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device is connected with a connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod passes through the electrolyte collecting device to be connected with a cathode; the electric spindle device is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply, negative current starts from the pulse power supply and reaches the connecting rod through the conductive spindle device so as to flow to the negative electrode, the positive electrode of the pulse power supply is connected with the manipulator clamp, and positive current flows to the workpiece through the manipulator clamp;
the connecting rod center hole be double-deck liquid passageway, the feed liquor hole in connecting rod center is electrolyte feed liquor passageway, returns the liquid passageway and comprises six liquid holes that return that distribute around the feed liquor hole and the play liquid aperture of connecting rod upper end, returns liquid hole and play liquid aperture intercommunication.
The structure of the cathode is a stepped column shape formed by a sealing section, a cathode working body and a connecting section, a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section, a plurality of liquid outlet holes are distributed between the cathode working body and the sealing section, the cathode connecting section is connected with a boss part between a liquid inlet hole and a liquid return hole at the lower end of a connecting rod, the liquid inlet hole of the connecting rod is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode, and the inner hole of the cathode is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet hole;
an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device and is connected with an external ultrasonic generating device through a connecting wire;
the manipulator clamp and the transmission device are controlled by an intelligent control system.
Further, the manipulator clamp comprises an opening and closing cylinder and two parallel hand claws which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder drives the two parallel hand claws to open and close.
Further, a coarse filter, an overflow valve, an electrolyte pump, a pressure regulating valve and a fine filter are sequentially connected to the liquid inlet pipe.
Further, an annular sealing ring is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device.
Further, the electrolyte collecting device is connected with the electrolyte tank through a pipeline.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is a ceramic plate having a piezoelectric effect.
The processing method of the vertical electrolytic machining equipment of the complex internal spiral line is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the processing steps are as follows:
1) The upper end of a workpiece is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device, and then the workpiece is placed in a concentric sleeve on a machine tool workbench, an intelligent control system controls an opening and closing cylinder of a manipulator clamp, and the opening and closing cylinder drives an opening and closing motion of two parallel hand claws, so that the middle part of the workpiece is automatically clamped;
2) Opening an electrolyte pump, enabling electrolyte in an electrolyte tank to enter a liquid inlet pipe of a machine tool after being filtered by a coarse filter and a fine filter, adjusting the pressure of the electrolyte by an overflow valve and a pressure regulating valve, enabling the electrolyte flowing in from the liquid inlet pipe to flow through the inside of a transmission device, then entering the inside of a conductive main shaft body of a conductive main shaft device, entering the inside of a cathode through a liquid inlet hole in a connecting rod, finally enabling the electrolyte to enter a machining gap of a workpiece from a liquid outlet hole distributed between a cathode working body and a sealing section, and sealing the upper end of a machining area by an annular sealing ring arranged between an electrolyte sealing device and the connecting rod during machining; the cathode sealing section seals the lower end of the processing area, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole in the connecting rod under the action of back pressure generated by sealing the processing area, enters the electrolyte collecting device through the liquid outlet small hole at the upper end of the connecting rod and is discharged;
turning on a pulse power supply and an ultrasonic generating device, connecting a cathode of the pulse power supply with a conductive main shaft device, connecting a cathode of the pulse power supply through a connecting rod, and connecting an anode of the pulse power supply with a manipulator clamp so as to connect a workpiece;
3) The intelligent control system is used for controlling the transmission device to start machining the workpiece, the transmission device is driven by the servo motor, the cathode is driven by the conductive main shaft device and the connecting rod, the linear and rotary motions of the cathode are realized, the speed of the servo motor is regulated by the intelligent control system, and therefore the linear and rotary motion speeds of the cathode are controlled, and further machining of various complex internal spiral lines is realized;
4) After the machining is finished, the cathode is disassembled from the region below the concentric sleeve and supported by the cushion block, then the connecting rod is retracted, and redundant electrolyte in the machining region is collected and discharged by the electrolyte recovery device.
The processing area of the complex internal spiral line is a closed space, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole in the connecting rod under the action of back pressure, flows out from the liquid outlet small hole at the upper end of the connecting rod, flows into the electrolyte collecting device and is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1) The structure of the utility model adopts a vertical structure, and the occupied area is small; the workpiece is convenient to install, is suitable for machining small-caliber light material parts, has more uniform distribution of the flow field in the machining process, and is beneficial to improving the electrolytic machining precision and the surface quality;
2) The connecting rod center hole is a double-layer liquid passing channel, has a simple structure, and can simultaneously meet the inflow of electrolyte and the discharge of electrolytic products; the sealing ring and the cathode sealing section have good sealing effect on electrolyte in a processing area, so that an electrolytic product is directly discharged from a liquid return hole of the connecting rod, and the electrolytic product is convenient to be recovered and treated in a centralized way;
3) According to the utility model, the concentric sleeve and the manipulator clamp are matched to finish clamping the workpiece, the workpiece is only required to be placed in the concentric sleeve concentric with the conductive main shaft of the machine tool during clamping, the intelligent control system controls the manipulator to finish automatic clamping of the workpiece, the automatic centering function is realized, the workpiece is conductive, the assembly and the disassembly are convenient, the auxiliary clamping time is reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved;
4) The utility model adopts the pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration to process complex internal spiral line parts in a combined way; the pulse power supply is beneficial to improving the processing precision and the surface quality; the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic vibration device produced has produced the stirring effect to the electrolyte, has improved the circulation of current distribution and electrolyte in the process clearance, also makes the processing region obtain quick cooling, has improved the problem that processing region temperature lasts higher, and simultaneously the mechanical effect and the cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave are favorable to the processing product to discharge fast in the processing region.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a processing apparatus according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a process field electrolyte;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a manipulator clamp;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a cathode;
FIG. 6 is an isometric cross-sectional view of the connecting rod;
reference numerals illustrate: 1. machine tool base, machine tool column, 3, workbench, 4, cushion block, 5, automatic centering tool, 6, workpiece, 7, electrolyte sealing device, 8, annular sealing ring, 9, electrolyte tank, 10, coarse filter, 11, overflow valve, 12, electrolyte pump, 13, pressure regulating valve, 14, fine filter, 15, liquid inlet pipe, 16, transmission device, 17, conductive main shaft device, 18, electrolyte collecting device, 19, connecting rod, 20, intelligent control system, 21, ultrasonic wave generating device, 22, ultrasonic wave converter, 23, pulse power supply, 24, cathode, 25, electrolyte recovery device.
5-1, concentric sleeve and 5-2, manipulator clamp;
5-2-1, an opening and closing cylinder and 5-2-2, two finger horizontal claws;
19-1, 19-2, 19-3 and 19-3, and a small liquid outlet hole;
24-1 parts of sealing sections, 24-2 parts of liquid outlet holes, 24-3 parts of cathode working bodies and 24-4 parts of connecting sections.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
The utility model provides a complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic machining device, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a machine tool base 1, a machine tool upright post 2, a workbench 3, a cushion block 4, an automatic centering tool 5, a workpiece 6, an electrolyte sealing device 7, an annular sealing ring 8, an electrolyte tank, electrolyte 9, a coarse filter 10, an overflow valve 11, an electrolyte pump 12, a pressure regulating valve 13, a fine filter 14, a liquid inlet pipe 15, a transmission device 16, a conductive main shaft device 17, an electrolyte collecting device 18, a connecting rod 19, an intelligent control system 20, an ultrasonic generating device 21, an ultrasonic transducer 22, a pulse power supply 23, a cathode 24 and an electrolyte recycling device 25;
the machine tool base 1 is provided with a machine tool upright post 2 and a workbench 3, a pair of cushion blocks 4 are fixedly arranged on the workbench 3, and an electrolyte recovery device 25 is arranged below a through hole in the workbench 3; the automatic centering tool 5 consists of a concentric sleeve 5-1 fixed on a cushion block 4 and a manipulator clamp 5-2 arranged on one side of a machine tool upright post 2, a transmission device 16 and a conductive main shaft device 17 are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post 2 at the upper end of the automatic centering tool 5 from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve 5-1 and the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device 17 are concentrically arranged;
the lower end of a workpiece 6 is arranged in the concentric sleeve 5-1 and clamped by the manipulator clamp 5-2, the upper end of the workpiece 6 is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of the electrolyte sealing device 7, and a ring-shaped sealing ring 8 is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device 7;
the liquid inlet pipe 15 is connected with a coarse filter 10, an overflow valve 11, an electrolyte pump 12, a pressure regulating valve 13 and a fine filter 14 in sequence.
The upper end of the transmission device 16 is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 15, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 15 is connected with electrolyte 9 in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device 25 through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device 18 is arranged below the conductive main shaft device 17, the electrolyte collecting device 18 is connected with an electrolyte tank, a conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device 17 is connected with a connecting rod 19, a ring-shaped sealing ring 8 is arranged between the connecting rod 19 and the electrolyte sealing device 7, and the lower end of the connecting rod 19 passes through the electrolyte collecting device 18 to be connected with a cathode 24 in the electrolyte sealing device 7; the conductive main shaft device 17 is connected with the cathode of the pulse power supply 23, the cathode current starts from the pulse power supply 23, reaches the connecting rod 19 through the conductive main shaft device 17, and flows to the cathode 24, the anode of the pulse power supply 23 is connected with the manipulator clamp 5-2, and the anode current flows to the workpiece 6 through the manipulator clamp 5-2; the center hole of the connecting rod 19 is a double-layer liquid passing channel, the center is a liquid inlet hole 19-1, six liquid return holes 19-2 are distributed around the liquid inlet hole 19-1, the upper end of the connecting rod 19 is provided with a liquid outlet small hole 19-3, the liquid inlet hole 19-1 in the center of the connecting rod 19 is an electrolyte liquid inlet channel, the liquid return channel is composed of the six liquid return holes 19-2 distributed around the liquid inlet hole 19-1 and the liquid outlet small hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19, and the liquid return holes 19-2 are communicated with the liquid outlet small holes 19-3, as shown in fig. 2-4 and fig. 6.
The structure of the cathode 24 is a stepped column formed by a sealing section 24-1, a cathode working body 24-3 and a connecting section 24-4, wherein a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section 24-1, a plurality of liquid outlet holes 24-2 are distributed between the cathode working body 24-3 and the sealing section 24-1, the cathode connecting section 24-4 is connected with a boss part between a liquid inlet hole 19-1 and a liquid return hole 19-2 at the lower end of a connecting rod 19, the liquid inlet hole 19-1 of the connecting rod 19 is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode 24, and the inner hole of the cathode 24 is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet hole 24-2, as shown in figures 2 and 5.
The ultrasonic transducer 22 is a ceramic plate with piezoelectric effect, is embedded on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device 7, and the ultrasonic transducer 22 is connected with the external ultrasonic generator 21 through a connecting wire to convert the electric energy with specific frequency generated by the ultrasonic generator 21 into mechanical energy.
The inner diameters of the concentric sleeve 5-1 and the workpiece 6 are the same in size, so that after the cathode sealing section 24-1 comes out of the lower end of the workpiece 6 in the later stage of the machining process, the machining area can be sealed by means of close fit of the cathode sealing section 24-1 and the concentric sleeve 5-1, and the machining is guaranteed to be completed.
The manipulator clamp 5-2 and the transmission device 16 are controlled by an intelligent control system 20.
The manipulator clamp 5-2 comprises an opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 and a double-finger flat claw 5-2 which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 drives the double-finger flat claw 5-2 to open and close so as to automatically clamp a workpiece.
Electrolyte flows into the cathode 24 through the liquid inlet hole 19-1 in the center of the connecting rod 19, flows out of the liquid outlet holes 24-2 distributed on the cathode 24 and enters a processing gap; the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of back pressure generated by sealing the processing area and is discharged from the liquid outlet small hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19; an annular sealing ring 8 is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device 7 to seal the upper end of the processing area.
A processing method of a complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic processing device is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the processing steps are as follows:
1. the upper end of a workpiece 6 is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device 7 and then is placed in a concentric sleeve 5-1 on a machine tool workbench 3, an intelligent control system 20 controls an opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 of a manipulator clamp 5-2, and the opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 drives an opening and closing motion of a two-finger horizontal paw 5-2-2, so that the middle part of the workpiece 6 is automatically clamped;
2. the electrolyte pump 12 is opened, the electrolyte 9 in the electrolyte tank enters the liquid inlet pipe 15 of the machine tool after two-stage filtration of the coarse filter 10 and the fine filter 14, the pressure of the electrolyte is regulated by the overflow valve 11 and the pressure regulating valve 13, the electrolyte flowing in from the liquid inlet pipe 15 flows through the inside of the transmission device 16, then enters the inside of the conductive main shaft body of the conductive main shaft device 17, enters the cathode 24 through the liquid inlet hole 19-1 in the connecting rod 19, finally enters the processing gap of the workpiece 6 from the liquid outlet hole 24-2 distributed between the cathode working body 24-3 and the sealing section 24.1, and an annular sealing ring 8 is arranged between the electrolyte sealing device 7 and the connecting rod 19 during processing to seal the upper end of a processing area; the cathode sealing section 24-1 seals the lower end of the processing area, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of back pressure generated by sealing the processing area, enters the electrolyte collecting device 19 from the liquid outlet small hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19 and is discharged;
the pulse power supply 23 is turned on to be connected with the ultrasonic wave generating device 21, the cathode 24 of the pulse power supply 23 is connected with the conductive spindle device 17 through the connecting rod 19, and the anode of the pulse power supply 23 is connected with the manipulator clamp 5-2, so that the workpiece 6 is connected;
3. the transmission device 16 is controlled by the intelligent control system 20 to start processing the workpiece 6, the transmission device 16 is driven by a servo motor, the cathode 24 is driven by the conductive main shaft device 17 and the connecting rod 19, the linear and rotary motions of the cathode 24 are realized, the speed of the servo motor is regulated by the intelligent control system 20, and therefore the linear and rotary motion speeds of the cathode 24 are controlled, and further the processing of various complex internal spiral lines is realized;
4. after the machining is completed, the cathode 24 is detached from the region supported by the spacer 4 below the concentric sleeve 5-1, and then the connecting rod 19 is retracted, and the excess electrolyte in the machined region is collected and discharged by the electrolyte recovery device 25.
The processing area of the complex internal spiral line is a closed space, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of back pressure, flows out from the liquid outlet small hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19, flows into the electrolyte collecting device 18 and is discharged.
The vertical internal spiral line electrolytic machining device has the advantages that the vertical structure is adopted, the occupied area of the vertical internal spiral line electrolytic machining device is small, the workpiece is convenient to install, the vertical internal spiral line electrolytic machining device is suitable for machining small-caliber light material parts, the distribution of the flow field in the machining process is uniform, and the electrolytic machining precision and the machining surface quality are improved; the double-layer liquid passing channel with the central hole of the connecting rod is adopted, the structure is simple, and the inflow of electrolyte and the discharge of electrolytic products can be simultaneously satisfied; the sealing ring and the cathode sealing section have good sealing effect on electrolyte in a processing area, so that an electrolytic product is directly discharged from a liquid return hole of the connecting rod, and the electrolytic product is convenient to be recovered and treated in a centralized way; and the concentric sleeve and the manipulator clamp are matched to finish clamping the workpiece. When the workpiece is clamped, the intelligent control system controls the manipulator to finish automatic clamping of the workpiece only by placing the workpiece in a concentric sleeve concentric with the conductive main shaft of the machine tool, so that the automatic clamping function is realized, the workpiece is conductive, the assembly and the disassembly are convenient, the auxiliary clamping time is shortened, and the machining efficiency is improved; meanwhile, a complex internal spiral line part is processed by adopting a pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration. The pulse power supply is beneficial to improving the processing precision and the surface quality; the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic vibration device produced has produced the stirring effect to the electrolyte, has improved the circulation of current distribution and electrolyte in the process clearance, also makes the processing region obtain quick cooling, has improved the problem that processing region temperature lasts higher, and simultaneously the mechanical effect and the cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave are favorable to the processing product to discharge fast in the processing region.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. Vertical electrolytic machining equipment of complicated internal spiral line, its characterized in that: comprises a machine tool base (1), an automatic centering tool (5), a transmission device (16) and a conductive main shaft device (17);
the machine tool comprises a machine tool base (1), a machine tool upright post (2) and a workbench (3), wherein a pair of cushion blocks (4) are fixedly arranged on the workbench (3), and an electrolyte recovery device (25) is arranged below a through hole in the workbench (3); the automatic centering tool (5) consists of a concentric sleeve (5-1) fixed on a cushion block (4) and a manipulator clamp (5-2) arranged on one side of a machine tool upright post (2), the transmission device (16) and the conductive main shaft device (17) are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post (2) at the upper end of the automatic centering tool (5) from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve (5-1) and the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device (17) are concentrically arranged;
the upper end of the transmission device (16) is connected with a liquid inlet pipe (15), the other end of the liquid inlet pipe (15) is connected with electrolyte (9) in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device (25) through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device (18) is arranged below the conductive main shaft device (17), the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device (17) is connected with a connecting rod (19), and the lower end of the connecting rod (19) passes through the electrolyte collecting device (18) to be connected with a cathode (24); the conductive main shaft device (17) is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply (23), negative current starts from the pulse power supply (23) and reaches the connecting rod (19) through the conductive main shaft device (17), so that the negative current flows to the cathode (24), the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with the manipulator clamp (5-2), and positive current flows to the workpiece (6) through the manipulator clamp (5-2);
the center hole of the connecting rod (19) is a double-layer liquid passing channel, the liquid inlet hole (19-1) at the center of the connecting rod (19) is an electrolyte liquid inlet channel, the liquid return channel consists of six liquid return holes (19-2) distributed around the liquid inlet hole (19-1) and liquid outlet small holes (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19), and the liquid return holes (19-2) are communicated with the liquid outlet small holes (19-3);
the structure of the cathode (24) is a stepped column shape formed by a sealing section (24-1), a cathode working body (24-3) and a cathode connecting section (24-4), wherein a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section (24-1), a plurality of liquid outlet holes (24-2) are distributed between the cathode working body (24-3) and the sealing section (24-1), the cathode connecting section (24-4) is connected with a boss part between a liquid inlet hole (19-1) at the lower end of a connecting rod (19) and a liquid return hole (19-2), the liquid inlet hole (19-1) of the connecting rod (19) is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode (24), and the inner hole of the cathode (24) is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet hole (24-2);
the device also comprises an electrolyte sealing device (7), wherein an ultrasonic transducer (22) is arranged on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device (7), and the ultrasonic transducer (22) is connected with an external ultrasonic generating device (21) through a connecting wire;
the manipulator clamp (5-2) and the transmission device (16) are controlled by an intelligent control system (20).
2. The complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, wherein: the mechanical hand clamp (5-2) comprises an opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) and two-finger horizontal hand claws (5-2-2) which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) drives the two-finger horizontal hand claws (5-2-2) to open and close.
3. The complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic processing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the liquid inlet pipe (15) is sequentially connected with a coarse filter (10), an overflow valve (11), an electrolyte pump (12), a pressure regulating valve (13) and a fine filter (14).
4. A complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic machining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: an annular sealing ring (8) is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device (7).
5. The complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic machining device according to claim 4, wherein: the electrolyte collecting device (18) is connected with the electrolyte tank through a pipeline.
6. The complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic machining device according to claim 5, wherein: the ultrasonic transducer (22) is a ceramic plate with piezoelectric effect.
7. The processing method of the complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic processing device according to claim 1, wherein: the processing steps are as follows:
1) The upper end of a workpiece (6) is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device (7), and then the workpiece is placed in a concentric sleeve (5-1) on a machine tool workbench (3), an intelligent control system (20) controls an opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) of a manipulator clamp (5-2), and the opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) drives an opening and closing motion of a two-finger horizontal paw (5-2-2), so that the middle part of the workpiece (6) is automatically clamped;
2) Opening an electrolyte pump (12), enabling electrolyte (9) in the electrolyte tank to enter a machine tool liquid inlet pipe (15) after being subjected to two-stage filtration of a coarse filter (10) and a fine filter (14), regulating the pressure of the electrolyte by an overflow valve (11) and a pressure regulating valve (13), enabling the electrolyte flowing in from the liquid inlet pipe (15) to flow through a transmission device (16) firstly, then entering the conductive main shaft body of a conductive main shaft device (17), entering the cathode (24) through a liquid inlet hole (19-1) in a connecting rod (19), finally enabling the electrolyte to enter a machining gap of a workpiece (6) from a liquid outlet hole (24-2) distributed between a cathode working body (24-3) and a sealing section (24-1), and sealing the upper end of a machining area by a ring-shaped sealing ring (8) arranged between an electrolyte sealing device (7) and the connecting rod (19) during machining; the cathode sealing section (24-1) seals the lower end of the processing area, and the electrolytic product returns from the liquid return hole (19-2) in the connecting rod (19) under the action of back pressure generated by sealing the processing area, enters the electrolyte collecting device (18) through the liquid outlet small hole (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19) and is discharged;
the pulse power supply (23) is turned on to be connected with the ultrasonic generating device (21), the negative electrode of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with the conductive main shaft device (17), the cathode (24) is connected through the connecting rod (19), and the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with the manipulator clamp (5-2), so that the workpiece (6) is connected;
3) The intelligent control system (20) is used for controlling the transmission device (16) to start machining the workpiece (6), the transmission device (16) is driven by a servo motor, the cathode (24) is driven by the conductive main shaft device (17) and the connecting rod (19), the linear and rotary motion of the cathode (24) is realized, the speed of the servo motor is regulated by the intelligent control system (20), and therefore the linear and rotary motion speeds of the cathode (24) are controlled, and further machining of various complex internal spiral lines is realized;
4) After the machining is finished, the cathode (24) is disassembled in the area supported by the cushion block (4) below the concentric sleeve (5-1), then the connecting rod (19) is retracted, and redundant electrolyte in the machining area is collected and discharged by the electrolyte recovery device (25).
8. The processing method of the complex internal spiral line vertical electrolytic processing device according to claim 7, wherein: the processing area of the complex internal spiral line is a closed space, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole (19-2) in the connecting rod (19) under the action of back pressure, flows out from the liquid outlet small hole (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19), flows into the electrolyte collecting device (18) and is discharged.
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