CN112025010A - Vertical electrochemical machining equipment and machining method for complex internal helical line - Google Patents
Vertical electrochemical machining equipment and machining method for complex internal helical line Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025010A CN112025010A CN202010895458.3A CN202010895458A CN112025010A CN 112025010 A CN112025010 A CN 112025010A CN 202010895458 A CN202010895458 A CN 202010895458A CN 112025010 A CN112025010 A CN 112025010A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
- B23H11/003—Mounting of workpieces, e.g. working-tables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to vertical electrochemical machining equipment and a machining method for a complex inner spiral line. The electrolytic processing equipment adopts a vertical structure; a connecting rod with a double-layer liquid passing channel is designed, an electrolyte sealing device is tightly matched with the connecting rod, and a built-in sealing ring and a sealing section of a cathode seal a processing area; rapidly assembling and clamping the part by adopting an automatic centering tool; the method for machining the complex inner spiral line parts by adopting the pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration composite machining realizes efficient and precise electrolytic machining of the complex inner spiral line parts so as to solve the problems of inconvenient workpiece assembly and disassembly and poor machining quality when the existing horizontal electrolytic machining equipment machines the light small-caliber inner spiral line parts with the length of 800 plus 1000 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to vertical electrochemical machining equipment and a machining method for a complex inner spiral line.
Background
The small-caliber complex inner spiral line (the length: 800-. The parts are machined by traditional mechanical broaching, and the problems of low machining efficiency, poor surface quality, easiness in tool loss and high machining cost exist. With the further improvement of the hardness of the material, the hardness of a new product reaches HRC48-50, the structure is more and more complex, and the mechanical broaching cannot meet the requirement of high-efficiency and high-quality processing of modern products. The electrochemical machining has the advantages of high machining efficiency, good surface quality, no cutting stress and no electrode loss, and provides an effective advanced machining method for machining complex internal spiral parts.
The existing complex internal spiral deep hole parts are usually processed by adopting horizontal type electrolytic machining equipment, the large-caliber internal spiral horizontal type electrolytic machining tool has better rigidity and stability, but the machine tool usually needs a plurality of persons to cooperate to complete the installation of the workpiece when clamping the workpiece, the tool setting needs to be debugged repeatedly during the installation, and the auxiliary installation time is longer. In addition, the electrolyte flowing rapidly in the machining process is prone to cause uneven distribution of an electrolyte flow field in a machining gap under the action of gravity, dimensional machining precision and surface quality of parts are directly affected, short circuit can be caused particularly seriously, and machining cannot be carried out.
Utility model patent ZL 201520040735.7 (an improve horizontal lathe of numerical control electrolytic rifling processing) provides a processing length at the numerical control electrolytic machining machine tool of 300 interior spiral line part of plus 1000 millimeters, what anchor clamps adopted is that V type groove carries out the clamping location, directly place the work piece on the bearing surface of V type piece, this kind of dress card mode exists the work piece and can not be firm fixed, the part slides along V type piece easily under the electrolyte effect of large-traffic high pressure, lead to the machining precision not high, the problem of short circuit easily takes place.
Heidandan of the university of the fertilizer industry designs a clamp device for clamping a workpiece by screwing a bolt between an upper cover and a base of a turnover type clamp for a horizontal type tubular workpiece inner cavity electrolytic machining machine tool in a tubular workpiece inner cavity electrolytic machining machine tool design and analysis of a Master academic thesis, a stepped hole is formed inside the clamp, and the workpiece takes an outer arc surface and two end surfaces as positioning references, so that the clamp device has the advantages of being accurate in positioning and reliable in clamping. However, when the workpiece is clamped, the workpiece needs to be clamped on the fixture of the fixed workbench, and then the fixture on the movable workbench is driven to a proper position to clamp the other end of the workpiece by adjusting the ball screw. The clamping mode is complex, and one worker is difficult to operate, so that the processing and production efficiency is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a complex internal spiral line vertical type electrochemical machining device and a machining method thereof, in order to solve the problems that the workpiece is inconvenient to assemble and disassemble and the machining quality is poor when the existing horizontal type electrochemical machining device machines light small-caliber spiral line parts with the length of 800 plus 1000 mm.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the vertical electrochemical machining equipment for the complex internal spiral line is characterized in that: the automatic centering device comprises a machine tool base, an automatic centering tool, a transmission device and a conductive main shaft device;
the machine tool base is provided with a machine tool upright post and a workbench, the workbench is fixedly provided with a pair of cushion blocks, and an electrolyte recovery device is arranged below a through hole in the workbench; the automatic centering tool is composed of a concentric sleeve fixed on the cushion block and a mechanical arm clamp arranged on one side of a machine tool upright post, the transmission device and the conductive main shaft device are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post at the upper end of the automatic centering tool from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve and the conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device are arranged concentrically;
the upper end of the transmission device is connected with a liquid inlet pipe, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe is connected with electrolyte in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device is arranged below the conductive main shaft device, a conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device is connected with a connecting rod, and the lower end of the connecting rod penetrates through the electrolyte collecting device and is connected with a cathode; the electric main shaft device is connected with the negative pole of the pulse power supply, the negative pole current starts from the pulse power supply and reaches the connecting rod through the electric main shaft device so as to flow to the negative pole, the positive pole of the pulse power supply is connected with the mechanical arm clamp, and the positive pole current flows to a workpiece through the mechanical arm clamp;
the connecting rod centre bore be double-deck liquid passageway of crossing, the feed liquor hole at connecting rod centre is electrolyte feed liquor channel, return the liquid channel and constitute by six liquid return holes that distribute around the feed liquor hole and the play liquid aperture of connecting rod upper end, return the liquid hole and go out the liquid aperture intercommunication.
The cathode is in a stepped cylindrical structure consisting of a sealing section, a cathode working body and a connecting section, a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section, a plurality of liquid outlet holes are distributed between the cathode working body and the sealing section, the cathode connecting section is connected with a boss part between a liquid inlet hole and a liquid return hole at the lower end of a connecting rod, the liquid inlet hole of the connecting rod is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode, and the inner hole of the cathode is communicated with the liquid outlet hole of the cathode;
an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device and is connected with an external ultrasonic generating device through a connecting wire;
the manipulator clamp and the transmission device are controlled by an intelligent control system.
Further, the manipulator clamp comprises an opening and closing cylinder and two-finger translation paws which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder drives the two-finger translation paws to open and close.
Furthermore, a coarse filter, an overflow valve, an electrolyte pump, a pressure regulating valve and a fine filter are sequentially connected to the liquid inlet pipe.
Further, an annular sealing ring is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device.
Further, the electrolyte collecting device is connected with the electrolyte tank through a pipeline.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is a ceramic plate with piezoelectric effect.
The processing method of the complex internal spiral vertical electrolytic processing equipment is characterized in that: the processing steps are as follows:
1) the upper end of a workpiece is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device and then placed in a concentric sleeve on a machine tool workbench, an intelligent control system controls an opening and closing cylinder of a manipulator clamp, and the opening and closing cylinder drives opening and closing movements of two-finger translation paws, so that the middle part of the workpiece is automatically clamped;
2) opening an electrolyte pump, enabling electrolyte in an electrolyte tank to enter a liquid inlet pipe of a machine tool after being filtered by a coarse filter and a fine filter in two stages, adjusting the pressure of the electrolyte by an overflow valve and a pressure adjusting valve, enabling the electrolyte flowing from the liquid inlet pipe to flow through the inside of a transmission device firstly, then entering the inside of a conductive main shaft body of a conductive main shaft device, entering the inside of a cathode through a liquid inlet hole in a connecting rod, finally enabling the electrolyte to enter a machining gap of a workpiece from liquid outlet holes distributed between a cathode working body and a sealing section, and arranging an annular sealing ring between an electrolyte sealing device and the connecting rod during machining to seal the upper end of; the cathode sealing section seals the lower end of the processing area, and electrolytic products return from a liquid return hole in the connecting rod under the action of backpressure generated by sealing of the processing area, enter the electrolyte collecting device through a small liquid outlet hole in the upper end of the connecting rod and are discharged;
turning on a pulse power supply and an ultrasonic generating device, connecting a negative electrode of the pulse power supply with a conductive main shaft device, connecting the negative electrode through a connecting rod, and connecting a positive electrode of the pulse power supply with a manipulator clamp so as to connect a workpiece;
3) the intelligent control system controls the transmission device to start processing the workpiece, the transmission device is driven by the servo motor, the conductive spindle device and the connecting rod drive the cathode to realize linear and rotary motion of the cathode, and the intelligent control system adjusts the speed of the servo motor so as to control the linear and rotary motion speed of the cathode and further realize processing various complex internal spiral lines;
4) after the machining is finished, the cathode is disassembled in an area supported by the cushion block below the concentric sleeve, then the connecting rod is returned, and redundant electrolyte in the machining area is collected and discharged by the electrolyte recovery device.
The processing area of the complex inner spiral line is a closed space, and an electrolysis product returns from a liquid return hole in the connecting rod under the action of back pressure, flows out from a small liquid outlet hole at the upper end of the connecting rod, flows into the electrolyte collecting device and is discharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the structure of the invention adopts a vertical structure, and the occupied area is small; the workpiece is convenient to install, the method is suitable for machining small-caliber light material parts, the gap flow field distribution is uniform in the machining process, and the electrolytic machining precision and the surface quality are improved;
2) the connecting rod center hole is a double-layer liquid passing channel, the structure is simple, and the flowing-in of electrolyte and the discharging of electrolysis products can be simultaneously met; the sealing ring and the cathode sealing section have good sealing effect on the electrolyte in the processing area, so that the electrolytic product is directly discharged from the liquid return hole of the connecting rod, and the centralized recovery treatment of the electrolytic product is facilitated;
3) according to the invention, the concentric sleeve and the manipulator clamp are matched to finish clamping the workpiece, when clamping, the workpiece is only required to be placed in the concentric sleeve concentric with the conductive main shaft of the machine tool, and the manipulator is controlled by the intelligent control system to finish automatic clamping of the workpiece, so that the automatic centering function is realized, the workpiece is simultaneously conductive, the loading and unloading are convenient, the auxiliary clamping time is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved;
4) the invention adopts a pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration to compositely process complex internal spiral line parts; the pulse power supply is beneficial to improving the processing precision and the surface quality; ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibration device have a stirring effect on the electrolyte, the current distribution in a machining gap and the circulation of the electrolyte are improved, a machining area is rapidly cooled, the problem that the temperature of the machining area is continuously high is solved, and meanwhile the mechanical effect and the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic waves are beneficial to the machining products to be rapidly discharged from the machining area.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of electrolyte in a processing region;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the robot clamp;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a cathode;
FIG. 6 is an isometric polished view of the connecting rod;
description of reference numerals: 1. the automatic centering device comprises a machine tool base, 2 parts of a machine tool column, 3 parts of a workbench, 4 parts of a cushion block, 5 parts of an automatic centering tool, 6 parts of a workpiece, 7 parts of an electrolyte sealing device, 8 parts of an annular sealing ring, 9 parts of an electrolyte tank and electrolyte, 10 parts of a coarse filter, 11 parts of an overflow valve, 12 parts of an electrolyte pump, 13 parts of a pressure regulating valve, 14 parts of a fine filter, 15 parts of a liquid inlet pipe, 16 parts of a transmission device, 17 parts of a conductive main shaft device, 18 parts of an electrolyte collecting device, 19 parts of a connecting rod, 20 parts of an intelligent control system, 21 parts of an ultrasonic generating device, 22 parts of an ultrasonic converter, 23 parts of a pulse power supply, 24;
5-1, concentric sleeve, 5-2, manipulator clamp;
5-2-1. an opening and closing cylinder, 5-2-2. a two-finger translation paw;
19-1, liquid inlet hole, 19-2, liquid return hole and 19-3, liquid outlet hole;
24-1 sealing section, 24-2 liquid outlet holes, 24-3 cathode working body and 24-4 connecting section.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides vertical electrolytic machining equipment for complex internal spiral threads, which comprises a machine tool base 1, a machine tool upright column 2, a workbench 3, a cushion block 4, an automatic centering tool 5, a workpiece 6, an electrolyte sealing device 7, an annular sealing ring 8, an electrolyte tank and electrolyte 9, a coarse filter 10, an overflow valve 11, an electrolyte pump 12, a pressure regulating valve 13, a fine filter 14, a liquid inlet pipe 15, a transmission device 16, a conductive main shaft device 17, an electrolyte collecting device 18, a connecting rod 19, an intelligent control system 20, an ultrasonic wave generating device 21, an ultrasonic wave converter 22, a pulse power supply 23, a cathode 24 and an electrolyte recycling device 25, wherein the automatic centering tool is arranged on the machine tool base;
a machine tool upright 2 and a workbench 3 are arranged on the machine tool base 1, a pair of cushion blocks 4 are fixedly arranged on the workbench 3, and an electrolyte recovery device 25 is arranged below a through hole in the workbench 3; the automatic centering tool 5 consists of a concentric sleeve 5-1 fixed on the cushion block 4 and a mechanical arm clamp 5-2 arranged on one side of a machine tool upright post 2, a transmission device 16 and a conductive spindle device 17 are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post 2 at the upper end of the automatic centering tool 5 from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve 5-1 and a conductive spindle of the conductive spindle device 17 are arranged concentrically;
the lower end of a workpiece 6 is arranged in a concentric sleeve 5-1 and is clamped by a manipulator clamp 5-2, the upper end of the workpiece 6 is fixedly connected in a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device 7, and an annular sealing ring 8 is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device 7;
the liquid inlet pipe 15 is connected with a coarse filter 10, an overflow valve 11, an electrolyte pump 12, a pressure regulating valve 13 and a fine filter 14 in sequence.
The upper end of the transmission device 16 is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 15, the other end of the liquid inlet pipe 15 is connected with electrolyte 9 in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device 25 through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device 18 is arranged below the conductive main shaft device 17, the electrolyte collecting device 18 is connected with an electrolyte tank, a conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device 17 is connected with a connecting rod 19, an annular sealing ring 8 is arranged between the connecting rod 19 and the electrolyte sealing device 7, and the lower end of the connecting rod 19 penetrates through the electrolyte collecting device 18 to be connected with a cathode 24 in the electrolyte sealing device 7; the conductive main shaft device 17 is connected with the negative pole of the pulse power supply 23, the negative pole current starts from the pulse power supply 23 and reaches the connecting rod 19 through the conductive main shaft device 17 so as to flow to the negative pole 24, the positive pole of the pulse power supply 23 is connected with the manipulator clamp 5-2, and the positive pole current flows to the workpiece 6 through the manipulator clamp 5-2; the central hole of the connecting rod 19 is a double-layer liquid passing channel, the center is a liquid inlet hole 19-1, six liquid return holes 19-2 are distributed around the liquid inlet hole 19-1, the upper end of the connecting rod 19 is provided with a liquid outlet hole 19-3, the liquid inlet hole 19-1 at the center of the connecting rod 19 is an electrolyte liquid inlet channel, the liquid return channel is composed of the six liquid return holes 19-2 distributed around the liquid inlet hole 19-1 and the liquid outlet hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19, and the liquid return holes 19-2 are communicated with the liquid outlet hole 19-3, as shown in figures 2-4 and 6.
The cathode 24 is in a stepped cylindrical structure consisting of a sealing section 24-1, a cathode working body 24-3 and a connecting section 24-4, a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section 24-1, a plurality of liquid outlet holes 24-2 are distributed between the cathode working body 24-3 and the sealing section 24-1, the cathode connecting section 24-4 is connected with a boss part between a liquid inlet hole 19-1 and a liquid return hole 19-2 at the lower end of a connecting rod 19, the liquid inlet hole 19-1 of the connecting rod 19 is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode 24, and the inner hole of the cathode 24 is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet hole 24-2, as shown in figures 2 and 5.
The ultrasonic transducer 22 is a ceramic plate with piezoelectric effect, and is embedded on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device 7, and the ultrasonic transducer 22 is connected with the external ultrasonic generator 21 through a connecting wire, so as to convert the electric energy with specific frequency generated by the ultrasonic generator 21 into mechanical energy.
The concentric sleeve 5-1 and the workpiece 6 have the same inner diameter, so that the cathode sealing section 24-1 can be tightly matched with the concentric sleeve 5-1 to seal a machining area after coming out from the lower end of the workpiece 6 in the later stage of the machining process, and the machining is completely carried out.
The manipulator clamp 5-2 and the transmission device 16 are controlled by an intelligent control system 20.
The manipulator clamp 5-2 comprises an opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 and two-finger translation paws 5-2-2 which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 drives the two-finger translation paws 5-2-2 to open and close, so that the workpiece is automatically clamped.
Electrolyte flows into the cathode 24 through a liquid inlet hole 19-1 in the center of the connecting rod 19, flows out of liquid outlet holes 24-2 distributed on the cathode 24 and enters the processing gap; the electrolysis product returns from a liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of back pressure generated by sealing the processing area and is discharged from a small liquid outlet hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19; an annular sealing ring 8 is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device 7 to seal the upper end of the processing area.
A processing method of a complex internal spiral vertical type electrolytic processing device is characterized in that: the processing steps are as follows:
1. the upper end of a workpiece 6 is fixedly connected into a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device 7, then the workpiece is placed into a concentric sleeve 5-1 on a machine tool workbench 3, an intelligent control system 20 controls an opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 of a manipulator clamp 5-2, and the opening and closing cylinder 5-2-1 drives a two-finger translation paw 5-2-2 to open and close, so that the middle part of the workpiece 6 is automatically clamped;
2. opening an electrolyte pump 12, filtering electrolyte 9 in an electrolyte tank through a coarse filter 10 and a fine filter 14 in two stages, then entering a liquid inlet pipe 15 of a machine tool, adjusting the pressure of the electrolyte through an overflow valve 11 and a pressure adjusting valve 13, enabling the electrolyte flowing from the liquid inlet pipe 15 to flow through the inside of a transmission device 16, then entering the inside of a conductive spindle body of a conductive spindle device 17, entering the inside of a cathode 24 through a liquid inlet hole 19-1 in a connecting rod 19, and finally enabling the electrolyte to enter a machining gap of a workpiece 6 from liquid outlet holes 24-2 distributed between a cathode working body 24-3 and a sealing section 24.1, and arranging an annular sealing ring 8 between an electrolyte sealing device 7 and the connecting rod 19 during machining to seal the upper end of a machining area; the cathode sealing section 24-1 seals the lower end of the processing area, and electrolytic products return from a liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of backpressure generated by sealing the processing area, and enter the electrolyte collecting device 19 from a small liquid outlet hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19 and are discharged;
turning on a pulse power supply 23 and an ultrasonic generating device 21, connecting the negative pole of the pulse power supply 23 with a conductive spindle device 17, connecting a cathode 24 through a connecting rod 19, and connecting the positive pole of the pulse power supply 23 with a manipulator clamp 5-2 so as to connect the workpiece 6;
3. the intelligent control system 20 controls the transmission device 16 to start processing the workpiece 6, the transmission device 16 is driven by a servo motor, the cathode 24 is driven by the conductive spindle device 17 and the connecting rod 19 to realize the linear and rotary motion of the cathode 24, and the speed of the servo motor is adjusted by the intelligent control system 20, so that the linear and rotary motion speed of the cathode 24 is controlled, and further, the processing of various complex inner spiral lines is realized;
4. after the machining is finished, the cathode 24 is detached from the region below the concentric sleeve 5-1 supported by the spacer 4, then the connecting rod 19 is retracted, and the excess electrolyte in the machining region is collected and discharged by the electrolyte recovery device 25.
The processing area of the complex inner spiral line is a closed space, and the electrolysis product returns from the liquid return hole 19-2 in the connecting rod 19 under the action of back pressure, flows out from the liquid outlet small hole 19-3 at the upper end of the connecting rod 19, flows into the electrolyte collecting device 18 and is discharged.
The vertical type internal spiral line electrolytic machining equipment adopts a vertical structure, has small floor area and convenient workpiece installation, is suitable for machining small-caliber light material parts, has uniform distribution of a gap flow field in the machining process, and is favorable for improving the electrolytic machining precision and the machining surface quality; the double-layer liquid passing channel of the center hole of the connecting rod is adopted, the structure is simple, and the inflow of electrolyte and the discharge of electrolysis products can be simultaneously met; the sealing ring and the cathode sealing section have good sealing effect on the electrolyte in the processing area, so that the electrolytic product is directly discharged from the liquid return hole of the connecting rod, and the centralized recovery treatment of the electrolytic product is facilitated; and the concentric sleeve is matched with the mechanical arm clamp to complete clamping of the workpiece. When the workpiece is installed, the workpiece is placed in a concentric sleeve concentric with a conductive main shaft of the machine tool, and the intelligent control system controls the manipulator to complete automatic installation and clamping of the workpiece, so that the automatic installation and clamping device has an automatic centering function, realizes the conduction of the workpiece, is convenient to assemble and disassemble, reduces the auxiliary installation and clamping time, and improves the machining efficiency; meanwhile, a pulse power supply and ultrasonic vibration are adopted to compositely process complex internal spiral line parts. The pulse power supply is beneficial to improving the processing precision and the surface quality; ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic vibration device have a stirring effect on the electrolyte, the current distribution in a machining gap and the circulation of the electrolyte are improved, a machining area is rapidly cooled, the problem that the temperature of the machining area is continuously high is solved, and meanwhile the mechanical effect and the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic waves are beneficial to the machining products to be rapidly discharged from the machining area.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art should make modifications and variations without departing from the principle of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The vertical electrochemical machining equipment for the complex internal spiral line is characterized in that: comprises a machine tool base (1), an automatic centering tool (5), a transmission device (16) and a conductive main shaft device (17);
a machine tool upright (2) and a workbench (3) are arranged on the machine tool base (1), a pair of cushion blocks (4) is fixedly arranged on the workbench (3), and an electrolyte recovery device (25) is arranged below a through hole in the workbench (3); the automatic centering tool (5) consists of a concentric sleeve (5-1) fixed on the cushion block (4) and a mechanical arm clamp (5-2) arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post (2), the transmission device (16) and the conductive spindle device (17) are arranged on one side of the machine tool upright post (2) at the upper end of the automatic centering tool (5) from top to bottom, and the concentric sleeve (5-1) and the conductive spindle of the conductive spindle device (17) are arranged concentrically;
the upper end of the transmission device (16) is connected with a liquid inlet pipe (15), the other end of the liquid inlet pipe (15) is connected with electrolyte (9) in an electrolyte tank through an electrolyte filtering system, and the electrolyte tank is connected with an electrolyte recovery device (25) through a pipeline;
an electrolyte collecting device (18) is arranged below the conductive main shaft device (17), a conductive main shaft of the conductive main shaft device (17) is connected with a connecting rod (19), and the lower end of the connecting rod (19) penetrates through the electrolyte collecting device (18) to be connected with a cathode (24); the electric spindle device (17) is connected with the negative pole of the pulse power supply (23), the current of the negative pole starts from the pulse power supply (23) and reaches the connecting rod (19) through the electric spindle device (17) so as to flow to the cathode (24), the positive pole of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with the manipulator clamp (5-2), and the current of the positive pole flows to the workpiece (6) through the manipulator clamp (5-2);
the central hole of the connecting rod (19) is a double-layer liquid passing channel, the liquid inlet hole (19-1) at the center of the connecting rod (19) is an electrolyte liquid inlet channel, the liquid return channel consists of six liquid return holes (19-2) distributed around the liquid inlet hole (19-1) and a liquid outlet small hole (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19), and the liquid return holes (19-2) are communicated with the liquid outlet small hole (19-3);
the cathode (24) is in a stepped cylindrical structure consisting of a sealing section (24-1), a cathode working body (24-3) and a connecting section (24-4), a double-layer sealing ring is arranged on the sealing section (24-1), a plurality of liquid outlet holes (24-2) are distributed between the cathode working body (24-3) and the sealing section (24-1), the cathode connecting section (24-4) is connected with a boss part between the liquid inlet hole (19-1) and the liquid return hole (19-2) at the lower end of the connecting rod (19), the liquid inlet hole (19-1) of the connecting rod (19) is communicated with an inner hole of the cathode (24), and the inner hole of the cathode (24) is communicated with the cathode liquid outlet hole (24-2);
an ultrasonic transducer (22) is arranged on the side wall in the electrolyte sealing device (7), and the ultrasonic transducer (22) is connected with an external ultrasonic generator (21) through a connecting wire;
the manipulator clamp (5-2) and the transmission device (16) are controlled by an intelligent control system (20).
2. The vertical complex internal helical line electrochemical machining apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the manipulator clamp (5-2) comprises an opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) and two-finger translation paws (5-2-2) which are connected with each other, and the opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) drives the two-finger translation paws (5-2-2) to open and close.
3. The vertical electrochemical machining apparatus for complex internal screw threads according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the liquid inlet pipe (15) is sequentially connected with a coarse filter (10), an overflow valve (11), an electrolyte pump (12), a pressure regulating valve (13) and a fine filter (14).
4. The vertical electrochemical machining apparatus for complex internal helical threads of claim 3, wherein: an annular sealing ring (8) is arranged in the electrolyte sealing device (7).
5. The vertical complex internal helical line electrochemical machining apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the electrolyte collecting device (18) is connected with the electrolyte tank through a pipeline.
6. The vertical complex internal helical line electrochemical machining apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the ultrasonic transducer (22) is a ceramic plate with piezoelectric effect.
7. The machining method of the vertical type complex inner helical line electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, wherein the machining method comprises the following steps: the processing steps are as follows:
1) the upper end of a workpiece (6) is fixedly connected into a stepped hole at the lower end of an electrolyte sealing device (7), then the workpiece is placed into a concentric sleeve (5-1) on a machine tool workbench (3), an intelligent control system (20) controls an opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) of a manipulator clamp (5-2), and the opening and closing cylinder (5-2-1) drives a two-finger translation paw (5-2-2) to open and close, so that the middle part of the workpiece (6) is automatically clamped;
2) an electrolyte pump (12) is opened, electrolyte (9) in an electrolyte tank enters a machine tool liquid inlet pipe (15) after being filtered by a coarse filter (10) and a fine filter (14) in two stages, the pressure of the electrolyte is adjusted by an overflow valve (11) and a pressure adjusting valve (13), the electrolyte flowing from the liquid inlet pipe (15) flows through the inside of a transmission device (16) firstly, then enters the inside of a conductive main shaft body of a conductive main shaft device (17), enters the inside of a cathode (24) through a liquid inlet hole (19-1) in a connecting rod (19), finally, electrolyte enters a processing gap of a workpiece (6) from liquid outlet holes (24-2) distributed between a cathode working body (24-3) and a sealing section (24.1), and an annular sealing ring (8) is arranged between an electrolyte sealing device (7) and the connecting rod (19) during processing to seal the upper end of a processing area; the cathode sealing section (24-1) seals the lower end of the processing area, and electrolytic products return from a liquid return hole (19-2) in the connecting rod (19) under the action of backpressure generated by sealing the processing area, enter the electrolyte collecting device (19) through a small liquid outlet hole (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19) and are removed;
a pulse power supply (23) and an ultrasonic generating device (21) are turned on, the negative pole of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with a conductive spindle device (17), a negative pole (24) is connected through a connecting rod (19), and the positive pole of the pulse power supply (23) is connected with a manipulator clamp (5-2) so as to connect a workpiece (6);
3) the intelligent control system (20) is used for controlling the transmission device (16) to start processing the workpiece (6), the transmission device (16) is driven by a servo motor, the cathode (24) is driven by the conductive spindle device (17) and the connecting rod (19) to realize the linear and rotary motion of the cathode (24), and the intelligent control system (20) is used for adjusting the speed of the servo motor, so that the linear and rotary motion speed of the cathode (24) is controlled, and further the processing of various complex inner spiral lines is realized;
4) after the machining is finished, the cathode (24) is detached from the region supported by the cushion block (4) below the concentric sleeve (5-1), then the connecting rod (19) is retracted, and redundant electrolyte in the machining region is collected and discharged by an electrolyte recovery device (25).
8. The machining method of the vertical type electrochemical machining equipment for the complex internal spiral line according to claim 7, wherein: the processing area of the complex inner spiral line is a closed space, and electrolytic products return from a liquid return hole (19-2) in the connecting rod (19) under the action of back pressure, flow out from a small liquid outlet hole (19-3) at the upper end of the connecting rod (19), flow into the electrolyte collecting device (18) and are discharged.
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