CN101249578A - Numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool - Google Patents
Numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN101249578A CN101249578A CNA2008100232304A CN200810023230A CN101249578A CN 101249578 A CN101249578 A CN 101249578A CN A2008100232304 A CNA2008100232304 A CN A2008100232304A CN 200810023230 A CN200810023230 A CN 200810023230A CN 101249578 A CN101249578 A CN 101249578A
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Abstract
A numerical control electrolytic-mechanical composite machine tool comprises a machine body, a frame, a horizontal work bench, a numerical control double-revolving work bench, a protection box, a spindle head, an electrical spindle, a numerical control system, a pulse power supply, an electrolyte circulating device, and an X-direction transmission mechanism, a Z-direction transmission mechanism as well as a Y-direction transmission mechanism, wherein the electrical spindle, the pulse power supply, an electrolyte pump of the electrolyte circulating device, an X-direction servo motor, a Z-direction servo motor, a Y-direction servo motor, and a B revolving motor and a C revolving motor of the numerical control double-revolving motor are all controlled by the numerical control system. By controlling the relative movement of a composite cathode and an anode workpiece, the machine tool can process mold cavities and mold surfaces for complex workpieces, thus processing workpieces of different shapes. By changing different composite cathodes and adjusting different processing parameters, rough processing, finish processing and surface smoothing of one part can be achieved by one machine tool in different processing manners such as drilling, milling, cutting, grinding and polishing, thus eliminating installation error caused by repeated installation of workpieces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool that is used for the special process.
Background technology
The employed processing of machine-building at present can be divided into traditional machining and non-traditional machining.Non-traditional processing is the special process, realizes with the hard workpiece of soft tool processes, mainly is that employing electricity, chemistry, light, sound and hot homenergic are processed, and does not have significant machine cut power between instrument and the workpiece in the process.In special process method, spark machined precision height, but working (machining) efficiency is low; The efficient height of Electrolyzed Processing, but machining accuracy is poor; Electrochemical grinding processing combines the high and high advantage of mechanical grinding machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing efficient, but at present can only processing plane and periphery; The processing of numerical control generate electrochemical grinding is to utilize the bus cutting edge of conductive abrasive wheel to move with respect to part to be processed, form given curved surface by the emery wheel bus formed enveloping surface that moves, but at present can only processing straight generate face, die cavity and profile that can not processed complex.Electrolytically and mechanically combined polishing process technology is a kind of processing method of improving workpiece surface quality, can not change the macro-size and the shape of workpiece.
Summary of the invention
A kind of die cavity of energy processed complex and the numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool of profile have been the object of the present invention is to provide.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The present invention includes lathe bed, frame, horizontal table, the two rotary tables of numerical control, protective housing, main tapping, electric main shaft, digital control system, the pulse power, electrolyte circulation means; The crossbeam of frame be provided with X to transmission mechanism and X to servomotor, main tapping is connected X on transmission mechanism, main tapping be provided with Z to transmission mechanism and Z to servomotor, above-mentioned electric main shaft is connected Z on transmission mechanism, lathe bed be provided with Y to transmission mechanism and Y to servomotor, the two rotary tables of above-mentioned numerical control are arranged on the horizontal table and with Y and are connected to transmission mechanism, above-mentioned protective housing is arranged on the horizontal table and is in the outside of the two rotary tables of numerical control, above-mentioned electric main shaft, the pulse power, cell liquor pump in the electrolyte circulation means, X is to servomotor, Z is to servomotor, Y is to servomotor, the B turning motor and the C turning motor of the two rotary tables of numerical control are controlled by digital control system, described electric main shaft is provided with the special cathode anchor clamps, and the binding post of special cathode anchor clamps is connected with the cathode conductor of the above-mentioned pulse power.
Described special cathode anchor clamps have clamp body, has axial blind hole on the lower surface of clamp body, the latter half of axial blind hole is a bellmouth, the middle part circumferential surface of clamp body is provided with annular lead channel, the lead channel bottom surface is provided with equally distributed and leads to the radially inlet opening of axial blind hole, clamp body middle part periphery is provided with electric conductor movingly, the electric conductor inwall is provided with annular mercury cell, be filled with mercury in the mercury cell and form the concrete mercury circle of contact clip, electric conductor is provided with the inlet opening that communicates with the clamp body lead channel, being provided with the top in the bellmouth of clamp body is the spring chuck of taper, the lower thread of clamp body partly is provided with binding nut, and the bottom of binding nut is provided with negative electrode and passes the hole.
Described X has X to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism, the ball screw of X in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the crossbeam, ball screw one end is connected to servomotor with described X by shaft coupling, and described main tapping is connected with the nut of X in the ball screw transmission and moves along the guide rail on the crossbeam.
Described Z has Z to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism, the ball screw of Z in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the main tapping, above-mentioned ball screw one end is connected to servomotor with described Z by shaft coupling, and described electric main shaft and Z are connected and move along the guide rail on the main tapping to the nut of ball screw transmission.
Described Y has Y to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism, the ball screw of Y in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the lathe bed, ball screw one end of Y in the ball screw transmission is connected to servomotor with described Y by shaft coupling, and described horizontal table and Y are connected and move along the guide rail on the lathe bed to the nut of ball screw transmission.
Described electrolyte circulation means comprises the electrolyte case, and described cell liquor pump is connected on the pipeline between the electrolyte interface of electrolyte case and special cathode anchor clamps, and the electrolyte case is provided with temperature controller.
Described cell liquor pump, the pulse power, X control by digital control system to B turning motor, the C turning motor of servomotor and even numbers control rotary table to servomotor, Y to servomotor, Z, and digital control system is controlled the electric speed of mainshaft by servo controller in addition.
Be connected with the high accuracy small resistor on the lead between the binding post of connection special cathode anchor clamps and the negative pole of the pulse power.
Described X all adopts AC servo motor to servomotor, Y to turning motor, the C turning motor of servomotor and even numbers control rotary table to servomotor, Z.
The inlet opening of the electric conductor of described special cathode anchor clamps is connected with water nozzle.
The present invention has following good effect:
1, the present invention utilizes the principle of electrochemistry anodic solution and mechanical grinding Compound Machining to process various conductive material workpieces, drive special cathode anchor clamps rotating cathode by electric main shaft and do main motion, X by electric main shaft to (about) motion and Z move to (up and down), the Y of workpiece anode is to two gyrations of (front and back) motion and workpiece anode, the relative motion of control composite cathode and workpiece anode, in process, constantly change the motion relative position of composite cathode and workpiece anode, die cavity and profile that just can the processing work complexity, thus process the workpiece of different shape.
2, the present invention is by changing different composite cathodes and regulating different machined parameters, can on same lathe, finish roughing, fine finishining and surface finishing processing to same part, eliminate workpiece and repeated to install the alignment error of being brought by processing modes such as boring, milling, cutting, grinding and polishings.
3, the present invention can guarantee the processing mode that composite cathode contacts with the workpiece anode again because employing can guarantee interelectrode gap, and machining accuracy is than numerical control Electrolyzed Processing height.
4, processing master of the present invention is if it were not for relying on machine cut power to remove metal, so surface of the workpiece that processes in this way, not only roughness is very low, and surface inorganic tool cut, the defectives such as burn that do not have work hardening layer, metamorphic layer, residual stress and conventional grinding to be prone to.From process principle, the mechanical grinding surface microscopic is needle pattern, and the surface of the electrolytically and mechanically combined polishing processing of numerical control shows as the flat-top shape, this surface has higher bearing value, during as friction surface, have the friction better than machining, wearing character, this surface also has the advantage that corrosion-resistant, anti-medium adheres to, so crudy is good.
5, the present invention just can realize the control to process by the electrical quantity of control impuls electrochemical action, so realize control automatically easily.
6, special cathode anchor clamps of the present invention are provided with in the clamp body outside and can make electric conductor in relative rotation, and electric conductor plays conduction and electrolyte nozzle act, realize spray in the electrolyte, simplify the structure.The special cathode anchor clamps are provided with the spring clip cover and clamp negative electrode, by binding nut fixing spring chuck, so the special cathode anchor clamps can firm connection negative electrode.Be provided with the mercury band between the electric conductor of special cathode anchor clamps and the clamp body, neither influence relatively rotating between electric conductor and the clamp body, can guarantee electrical conduction performance good between electric conductor and the clamp body again.
Description of drawings
For the easier quilt of content of the present invention is clearly understood, below the specific embodiment and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of basis, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of lathe of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of special cathode anchor clamps;
Fig. 3 is the control schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment shown in the drawings comprises lathe bed 2, frame 3, horizontal table 16, the two rotary tables 11 of numerical control, protective housing 8, main tapping 6, electric main shaft 9, digital control system 21, the pulse power 17, electrolyte circulation means 18.
The crossbeam 3-2 of described frame 3 be provided with X to transmission mechanism 4 and X to servomotor 5, described main tapping 6 is connected X on transmission mechanism 4.X has X to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism 4, the ball screw 4-1 of X in the ball screw transmission supported by a pair of bearing 4-2 that is fixed on the crossbeam 3-2, ball screw 4-1 one end is connected to servomotor 5 with described X by shaft coupling 4-3, and described main tapping 6 is connected with the nut 4-4 of X in the ball screw transmission and along the guide rail move left and right on the crossbeam 3-2.
Described main tapping 6 be provided with Z to transmission mechanism and Z to servomotor 7, electric main shaft 9 is connected Z on transmission mechanism.Z has Z to transmission mechanism and (does not show among the figure to the ball screw transmission, can be with reference to X to transmission mechanism), the ball screw of Z in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the main tapping 6, above-mentioned ball screw one end is connected to servomotor 7 with described Z by shaft coupling, and described electric main shaft 9 and Z are connected and move up and down along the guide rail on the main tapping 6 to the nut of ball screw transmission.Above-mentioned electric main shaft 9 and main tapping 6 insulation.
Described lathe bed 2 be provided with Y to transmission mechanism and Y to servomotor 15, the two rotary tables 11 of above-mentioned numerical control are arranged on the horizontal table 16 and with Y and are connected to transmission mechanism.Described Y has Y to transmission mechanism and (does not show among the figure to the ball screw transmission, can be with reference to X to transmission mechanism), the ball screw of Y in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the lathe bed 2, ball screw one end of Y in the ball screw transmission is connected to servomotor 15 with described Y by shaft coupling, and described horizontal table 16 and Y are connected and move forward and backward along the guide rail on the lathe bed 2 to the nut of ball screw transmission.The two rotary tables 11 of numerical control are taked by the two rotary tables of the URH-201-TNRP type numerical control of India UCAM company production.Horizontal table 16 and NC rotary table 11 insulation, workpiece anode 12 is installed on the NC rotary table 16.
Described electrolyte circulation means 18 comprises electrolyte case 18-1, described cell liquor pump 18-2 is connected on the pipeline between the electrolyte interface of electrolyte case 18-1 and special cathode anchor clamps 1, because the temperature of electrolyte is very big to the influence of machining accuracy, so electrolyte case 18-1 is provided with temperature controller 18-3, temperature controller 18-3 can carry out thermostatic control to the electrolyte in the electrolyte case 18-1.
Described protective housing 8 is arranged on the horizontal table 16 and is in the outside of the two rotary tables 11 of numerical control.Protective housing 8 is collected electrolyte, and electrolyte is back to electrolyte case 18-1 and recycles.
Described electric main shaft 9 is mounted to one with special cathode anchor clamps 1, and electric main shaft 9 drives 1 rotation of special cathode anchor clamps.Composite cathode 10 is fixed in the special cathode anchor clamps 1.Electricity main shaft 9 is buied from the market.
Special cathode anchor clamps 1 shown in Figure 2 have clamp body 1-1, have axial blind hole 1-1-1 on the lower surface of clamp body 1-1, and the latter half of axial blind hole 1-1-1 is bellmouth 1-1-4, and the tapering of bellmouth 1-1-4 is 7: 22～26, and embodiment taked 7: 24.The middle part circumferential surface of clamp body 1-1 is provided with annular lead channel 1-1-2, lead channel 1-1-2 bottom surface be provided with 4 equally distributed and lead to the radially inlet opening 1-1-3 of axial blind hole 1-1-1.Clamp body 1-1 middle part periphery is provided with electric conductor 1-2 movingly, is a kind of smaller matched in clearance between clamp body 1-1 and the electric conductor 1-2.Be provided with two annular seal grooves and an annular mercury cell on the electric conductor 1-2 inwall from top to bottom, respectively be provided with O RunddichtringO 1-5 in the annular seal groove, be filled with the mercury circle 1-8 that mercury forms the concrete 1-1 of contact clip in the mercury cell.Electric conductor 1-2 is provided with binding post hole and the inlet opening 1-2-1 that communicates with clamp body lead channel 1-1-2 and the mercury that communicates with mercury cell injects screwed hole 1-2-2, is fixed with binding post 1-7 in the binding post hole, is connected with water nozzle 1-6 among the inlet opening 1-2-1.Mercury injects screwed hole 1-2-2 by mercury and is injected into mercury cell, after finishing the mercury injection, is screwed into shutoff bolt 1-9 in mercury hand-hole 1-2-2, prevents that mercury from leaking.Being provided with the top in the bellmouth 1-1-4 of clamp body 1-1 is the spring chuck 1-10 of taper, and the bottom of clamp body 1-1 is provided with screw thread, and threaded portion is provided with binding nut 1-11, and the bottom surface of binding nut 1-11 is provided with negative electrode and passes hole 1-11-1.Rotating clamp jack panel 1-11 can promote spring clip 1-10 to clamp body 1-1 internal motion, and the lateral dimension of spring chuck 1-10 is shunk and clamping negative electrode 1-12.Clamp body 1-1 goes up and is in electric conductor 1-2 top and is provided with double nut 1-3, is being provided with plastic washer 1-4 on the clamp body 1-1 and between electric conductor 1-2 and double nut 1-3.Plastic washer 1-4 is slightly flexible, push down electric conductor 1-2 after, axially reliably contacting, mercury is played sealing function when electric conductor 1-2 is relatively rotated with clamp body 1-1.Double nut 1-3 can regulate and lock the axial location of plastic washer 1-4.
Conductive connector on the described special cathode anchor clamps 1 connects the negative pole of the pulse power 17 by lead, and workpiece anode 12 is connect the positive pole of the pulse power 17 by lead.Electrolyte interface on the described special cathode anchor clamps 1 connects the delivery outlet of cell liquor pump 18-2, the circular electrolyte that is provided by cell liquor pump 18-2 is sprayed onto the finished surface of workpiece anode 12 by the electrolyte spout with composite cathode 10 of spray structure in the electrolyte, electrolyte and the composite cathode 10 and conducting by electrochemistry anodic solution and mechanical grinding to workpiece anode 12 carry out Compound Machining of operating current by workpiece anode 12, machining gap.
The binding post of described connection special cathode anchor clamps 1 and high frequency narrow affectionately are connected with high accuracy small resistor 22 on the lead between the negative pole of power supply 17.In the process, processing electric current detects by high accuracy small resistor 22, when the abrasive wear of composite cathode 10 or the full elaboration products of embedding and the workpiece anode 12 then composite cathode 10 rollback certain distances that are short-circuited, and the polarity of conversion pulse processing power source, composite cathode 10 is carried out of short duration Electrolyzed Processing, make it keep certain abrasive particle to protrude, and then feeding processing.Owing to used the high-frequency narrow-pulse electrolysis power, improved the eliminating situation of product in the machining gap, improved the surface quality of workpiece.Owing to used non-linear passivation electrolyte, reduced dispersion corrosion, so improved machining accuracy.
Cell liquor pump 18-2, X in described electric main shaft 9, the pulse power 17, the electrolyte circulation means 18 controls by digital control system 21 to the B turning motor 13 and the C turning motor 14 of servomotor 15, the two rotary tables of numerical control to servomotor 7, Y to servomotor 5, Z.
See Fig. 3, described digital control system 21 is by electric main shaft 9 rotations of servo controller 23 controls.Cell liquor pump 18-2 in the pulse power 17, the electrolyte circulation means 18 is directly controlled by digital control system 21.Described X all adopts AC servo motor to servomotor 7, Y to B turning motor 13, the C turning motor 14 of servomotor 15 and even numbers control rotary table 11 to servomotor 5, Z, carry out half-closed loop control by digital control system 21, this semi-closed loop system by AC servo machinery driving has speed-regulating range width, steady speed precision height, dynamic response is fast and can produce desirable good technical performance such as torque in the speed adjustable range of broad.High-precision pulse coder is housed as angle position ring and the shared detection feedback device of speed ring owing to coaxial in AC servo motor, rotor adopts the permanent magnet with accurate pole form, can realize high torque (HT)/ratio of inertias, dynamically corresponding good, operate steadily, do not have brush and commutator, good reliability, therefore, AC servo motor can be realized precision positions control as the executive component of machine tool feed servo-drive system.The SKY2006 digital control system 21 that digital control system 21 can take Nanjing four to launch company and produce, servo controller 23 can be taked time high-speed electric main shaft servo controller.
The present invention sets the numerical value of frequency, pulse width, pulse spacing and the machining voltage of the pulse power before processing.The gap of Electrolyzed Processing is guaranteed by the size of the abrasive material that protrude on composite cathode 10 surfaces.Select suitable electrolyte can improve the surface quality of workpiece, improve the machining accuracy and the working (machining) efficiency of workpiece.
Claims (10)
1. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool is characterized in that: it comprises lathe bed (2), frame (3), horizontal table (16), the two rotary tables (11) of numerical control, protective housing (8), main tapping (6), electric main shaft (9), digital control system (21), the pulse power (17), electrolyte circulation means (18); The crossbeam (3-2) of frame (3) be provided with X to transmission mechanism (4) and X to servomotor (5), above-mentioned main tapping (6) is connected X on transmission mechanism (4), main tapping (6) be provided with Z to transmission mechanism and Z to servomotor (7), above-mentioned electric main shaft (9) is connected Z on transmission mechanism, lathe bed (2) be provided with Y to transmission mechanism and Y to servomotor (15), the two rotary tables (11) of above-mentioned numerical control are arranged on horizontal table (16) and upward and with Y are connected to transmission mechanism, above-mentioned protective housing (8) is arranged on the outside that the two rotary tables (11) of numerical control were gone up and be in to horizontal table (16), above-mentioned electric main shaft (9), the pulse power (17), cell liquor pump (18-2) in the electrolyte circulation means (18), X is to servomotor (5), Z is to servomotor (7), Y is to servomotor (15), the B turning motor (13) and the C turning motor (14) of the two rotary tables of numerical control are controlled by digital control system (21), described electric main shaft (9) is provided with special cathode anchor clamps (1), and the binding post of special cathode anchor clamps (1) is connected with the cathode conductor of the above-mentioned pulse power (17).
2. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described special cathode anchor clamps (1) have clamp body (1-1), has axial blind hole (1-1-1) on the lower surface of clamp body (1-1), the latter half of axial blind hole (1-1-1) is bellmouth (1-1-4), the middle part circumferential surface of clamp body (1-1) is provided with annular lead channel (1-1-2), lead channel (1-1-2) bottom surface is provided with equally distributed and leads to the radially inlet opening (1-1-3) of axial blind hole (1-1-1), clamp body (1-1) middle part periphery is provided with electric conductor (1-2) movingly, electric conductor (1-2) inwall is provided with annular mercury cell, be filled with mercury in the mercury cell and form the specifically mercury circle (1-8) of (1-1) of contact clip, electric conductor (1-2) is provided with the inlet opening (1-2-1) that communicates with clamp body lead channel (1-1-2), being provided with the top in the bellmouth (1-1-4) of clamp body (1-1) is the spring chuck (1-10) of taper, the lower thread of clamp body (1-1) partly is provided with binding nut (1-11), and the bottom of binding nut (1-11) is provided with negative electrode and passes hole (1-11-1).
3. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described X has X to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism (4), the ball screw (4-1) of X in the ball screw transmission supported by a pair of bearing (4-2) that is fixed on the crossbeam (3-2), ball screw (4-1) end is connected to servomotor (5) with described X by shaft coupling (4-3), and described main tapping (6) is connected with the nut (4-4) of X in the ball screw transmission and moves along the guide rail on the crossbeam (3-2).
4. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Z has Z to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism, the ball screw of Z in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the main tapping (6), above-mentioned ball screw one end is connected to servomotor (7) with described Z by shaft coupling, and described electric main shaft (9) and Z are connected and move along the guide rail on the main tapping (6) to the nut of ball screw transmission.
5. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Y has Y to the ball screw transmission to transmission mechanism, the ball screw of Y in the ball screw transmission is by a pair of bearings that is fixed on the lathe bed (2), ball screw one end of Y in the ball screw transmission is connected to servomotor (15) with described Y by shaft coupling, and described horizontal table (16) and Y are connected and move along the guide rail on the lathe bed (2) to the nut of ball screw transmission.
6. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electrolyte circulation means (18) comprises electrolyte case (18-1), described cell liquor pump (18-2) is connected on the pipeline between the electrolyte interface of electrolyte case (18-1) and special cathode anchor clamps (1), and electrolyte case (18-1) is provided with temperature controller (18-3).
7. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cell liquor pump (18-2), the pulse power (17), X control by digital control system (21) to B turning motor (13), the C turning motor (14) of servomotor (15) and even numbers control rotary table (11) to servomotor (7), Y to servomotor (5), Z, and digital control system (21) is controlled electric main shaft (9) rotating speed by servo controller (23) in addition.
8. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be connected with high accuracy small resistor (22) on the lead between the binding post of connection special cathode anchor clamps (1) and the negative pole of the pulse power (17).
9. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described X all adopts AC servo motor to servomotor (7), Y to B turning motor (13), the C turning motor (14) of servomotor (15) and even numbers control rotary table (11) to servomotor (5), Z.
10. numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the inlet opening (1-2-1) of the electric conductor of described special cathode anchor clamps (1-1) is connected with water nozzle (1-6).
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| CN200810023230A CN100584500C (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | Numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool |
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| CN200810023230A CN100584500C (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | Numerical control electrolyze mechanical compound processing machine tool |
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