CN111992824A - Thin-wall case surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method thereof - Google Patents
Thin-wall case surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992824A CN111992824A CN202010849493.1A CN202010849493A CN111992824A CN 111992824 A CN111992824 A CN 111992824A CN 202010849493 A CN202010849493 A CN 202010849493A CN 111992824 A CN111992824 A CN 111992824A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
An electrolytic machining device and an electrolytic machining method for a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing comprise a cathode tool, wherein a thin-wall casing part is clamped on a workbench of a machine tool and is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply to form an anode workpiece; the cathode tool is fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle through a switching device and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; electrolyte is pumped from a water inlet of the adapter, is directly conveyed to a shallow cavity processing area through the adapter and an internal flow passage of the cathode tool, and then flows out from a water outlet of the cathode tool. The invention is a non-contact high-efficiency processing method, which effectively overcomes the technical problems of easy deformation of workpieces, large cutter loss, high processing cost and the like in the traditional processing; in the invention, in the molding process of the anode surface cavity, a cathode tool does not feed, the processing engineering is stable, and the operation is simple and easy to realize; the cathode tool can be replaced by a corresponding cathode tool according to different processing cavities, and the processing requirements of complex shallow cavity structures with different structural forms are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrolytic machining, and particularly relates to an electrolytic machining device and an electrolytic machining method for a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing.
Background
Modern aviation industry has intensively embodied the industrial strength and the technological level of a country, and an aero-engine is regarded as the core of industrial technology and is particularly known as 'pearl on crown'. The casing is one of the important parts of the engine, is the base of the whole engine, is the main bearing part of the engine, and has different shape structures and surface characteristics according to different functions, but is basically characterized in that the surface of the casing is attached with a cylindrical or conical shell structure with a large number of shallow cavities and boss structures.
The parts of the casing are usually made of materials which are difficult to cut, such as high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like, and have large size and thin wall thickness, so that the complex shallow cavity structure on the surface of the parts is always an important problem in the machining process. When the traditional cutting method is used, the requirement on the performance of a machine tool is extremely high, a five-axis linkage numerical control machine tool is usually needed to process a cavity, and the deformation and even scrapping of parts are easily caused by cutting force. In addition, the tool is also very easy to damage during the machining process, which causes great waste during the machining process, resulting in high manufacturing cost.
Electrochemical machining is used as a special machining means, and the shape on the end face of a cathode tool is copied to the surface of a workpiece in a non-contact mode by utilizing the electrochemical principle. Because most metal materials are removed in the form of ions, the method has the technical advantages of no residual stress, small cutting force, high production rate, good surface quality, no tool loss and the like for processing difficult-to-process materials such as high-temperature alloy, titanium alloy and the like, saves energy to a certain extent, improves the resource utilization rate, and is a processing method with very promising prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low processing efficiency, high production cost, easy deformation of workpieces and the like in the manufacturing process of a thin-wall casing shallow cavity structure, and provides a high-efficiency and low-cost electrolytic processing method suitable for processing the shallow cavity structure, namely an electrolytic processing device and an electrolytic processing method for the thin-wall casing surface shallow cavity structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an electrolytic machining device for a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing, which is characterized by comprising a cathode tool, wherein a thin-wall casing part is clamped on a worktable of a machine tool and is connected with a positive electrode of a power supply to form an anode workpiece; the cathode tool is fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle through a switching device and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; electrolyte is pumped from a water inlet of the adapter, is directly conveyed to a shallow cavity processing area through the adapter and an internal flow passage of the cathode tool, and then flows out from a water outlet of the cathode tool.
Furthermore, the switching device is internally provided with a flow passage for electrolyte to flow through, one end of the outer wall of the switching device is fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool, and the other end of the outer wall of the switching device is connected with a cathode tool.
Furthermore, the cathode tool is internally provided with a flow passage for electrolyte to flow through, the end surface of the cathode tool is provided with a convex structure matched with the shallow cavity, and the convex structure is provided with a plurality of through holes for the electrolyte to flow through.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the convex structure is sleeved with a rubber ring, and the end face of the rubber ring protrudes out of the end face of the convex structure, so that the cathode tool and the anode workpiece are separated, and a certain machining gap is ensured.
Furthermore, the end face of the rubber ring protrudes out of the end face of the convex structure by 0.2-1 mm.
Further, the depth of the shallow cavity structure is not more than 3 mm.
Furthermore, a cathode tool rear cover is arranged behind the cathode tool and sleeved on the outer wall of the adapter, an inner cavity of the cathode tool rear cover is formed among the cathode tool rear cover, the cathode tool and the adapter, the inner cavity is communicated with the shallow cavity machining area, and a water outlet is formed.
Furthermore, a constant force spring is arranged behind the rear cover of the cathode tool, and the cathode tool does not feed in the machining process.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an electrolytic machining method for a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): fixing a thin-wall casing part to be processed on a workbench of an electrolytic machine tool through a special fixture, selecting a cathode tool with a matched convex structure according to a shallow cavity structure, fixing the selected cathode tool on a switching device, fixedly connecting the switching device on a main shaft of the machine tool, installing a cathode tool rear cover with an inner cavity behind the cathode tool, and checking a power supply and an electrolyte circulating system;
step (2): starting the machine tool, driving the cathode tool through a main shaft of the machine tool, and enabling the convex structure of the cathode tool to be gradually close to the surface of the anode workpiece, so that the rubber ring on the end surface of the convex structure of the cathode tool is attached to the anode workpiece, and a certain machining gap is ensured; opening a constant force spring device, and pressing a rubber ring on the end face of the cathode tool through a rear cover of the cathode tool to seal a processing area and prevent stray corrosion;
and (3): starting an electrolyte circulating system, applying proper forward pressure to a water inlet of a runner of the adapter device, and adding proper reverse pressure to a water outlet of an inner cavity of a rear cover of the cathode tool; starting a processing power supply, and adding a stable pressure difference between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece; the anode workpiece is electrochemically dissolved, and the convex structure of the cathode tool is gradually copied to the surface of the anode, so that the machining and molding of the complex shallow cavity structure on the surface of the anode workpiece are realized; in the whole processing process, the constant spring keeps constant force, and the cathode tool does not feed;
and (4): removing the pressing force of the constant force spring, separating the cathode tool from the anode workpiece, and replacing the cathode tool with a matched convex structure according to the processing requirement; rotating the machine tool workbench to enable the next part to be machined of the anode workpiece to be aligned to the cathode tool; repeating the processing steps until the surface cavities of the cartridge receiver parts are completely processed;
and (5): and after the surface cavity of the casing is completely processed, closing the power supply and the electrolyte circulating system, taking out the parts of the casing, cleaning a processed product, and then transferring to the next procedure.
Furthermore, the contact position of the rear cover of the cathode tool, the switching device and the cathode tool adopts tight sealing.
Furthermore, the machine tool spindle provides X-direction and Z-direction movement, and the machine tool working platform can drive the anode workpiece to rotate around the Z direction.
Furthermore, the electrolyte is pumped from the water inlet through the pressure pump, but the pressure of the electrolyte is not too high, so that the vibration of the thin-wall casing is reduced, and uneven corrosion in the cavity is reduced. In order to increase the flow rate of the electrolyte in the processing area, a liquid pump is added at the water outlet, so that the product updating requirement in the processing area is met. In the processing process, the functions of the water outlet and the water inlet can be interchanged according to the actual situation.
Furthermore, a constant force spring is arranged at the rear cover of the cathode tool to ensure that the contact position of the rear cover of the cathode tool with the switching device and the cathode workpiece can realize tight sealing, and when the water outlet and the water inlet are exchanged, the contact position of the rear cover of the cathode tool with the switching device and the cathode workpiece meets the requirement of air sealing. Because the anode workpiece is a thin-wall revolving body, the constant pressure of the constant force spring is not suitable to be overlarge, and the pressure is suitable to ensure that the workpiece is not deformed in the machining process.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable effects:
the technical method is based on electrochemical principle machining forming, is a non-contact high-efficiency machining method, and effectively overcomes the technical problems that workpieces are easy to deform, the loss of a cutter is large, the machining cost is high and the like in the traditional machining; according to the processing method, in the molding process of the anode surface cavity, a cathode tool does not feed, the processing engineering is stable, and the operation is simple and easy to realize; the cathode tool in the technical method can be replaced by a corresponding cathode tool according to different processing cavities, and the processing requirements of complex shallow cavity structures with different structural forms are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the thin-walled casing surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode tool in accordance with the present technique;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a water inlet 1, a switching device 2, a machine tool spindle 3, a constant force spring 4, a cathode tool rear cover 5, a cathode tool rear cover inner cavity 6, a cathode tool 7, a rubber ring 8, an anode workpiece 9, a water outlet 10, a machine tool working platform 11, a casing part 12, a pressure pump 13, a power supply 14, a liquid pump 15 and shallow cavities 16, 17 and 18 with different structural forms.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the electrochemical machining of a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing, and the schematic diagram comprises a water inlet 1, an adapter 2, a machine tool spindle 3, a constant force spring 4, a cathode tool rear cover 5, a cathode tool rear cover inner cavity 6, a cathode tool 7, a rubber ring 8, an anode workpiece 9 and a water outlet 10; the rear cover 5 of the cathode tool, the switching device 2 and the cathode tool 7 are sealed through rubber sealing rings, and the pressure of the constant-force spring is not too large.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cathode tool according to the present invention, which includes a cathode tool 7 and a rubber ring 8; the inner side wall of the rubber ring 8 is tightly attached to the outer side wall of the convex structure of the cathode tool 7, and the top surface of the rubber ring 8 is slightly higher than the end surface of the convex structure of the cathode tool 7 by about 0.2-1mm so as to ensure a certain initial machining gap.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, which includes an adapter 2, a machine spindle 3, a cathode tool 7, a work platform 11, a casing part 12, a pressure pump 13, a power supply 14, a liquid pump 15, and shallow cavity structures 16, 17, and 18 in different structural forms; the casing part 12 is fixed on the workbench 11 through a special fixture, electrolyte is pumped from a water inlet through a pressure pump 13, the pressure is not too large, vibration of the casing part 12 and uneven corrosion in a cavity are prevented, the switching device 2 is controlled by the machine tool spindle 3, the cathode tool 7 is driven to be close to the casing part 12, 16V constant potential difference is applied between the casing part 12 and the cathode tool 7, the electrolyte is 10% sodium nitrate solution, the water pumping pressure of the water inlet is 0.1Mpa, and the water pumping pressure of the water outlet is 0.15 Mpa. Different shallow cavities can be machined by changing the shape of the cathode tool 7.
When in use, the anode workpiece 9 is clamped on the machine tool workbench 11 and is connected with the anode of the power supply 14; the cathode tool 7 is fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle 3 through the adapter 2 and is connected with the negative pole of the power supply 14. Machine tool spindle 3 drive cathode tool 7 makes its evagination structure laminating positive pole work piece 9 surface, and constant force spring 4 passes through lid 5 extrusion cathode tool 7 behind the cathode tool for cathode tool 7 compresses tightly with positive pole work piece 9, reaches the effect that prevents to reveal and restrain stray corrosion through rubber circle 8. Electrolyte is pumped from the water inlet 1, meanwhile, a power supply applies stable voltage difference to the cathode tool 7 and the anode workpiece 9, and under the action of an electrochemical principle, the end surface shape of the cathode tool 7 is gradually copied to the surface of the anode workpiece 9, so that the machining and forming of a complex shallow cavity structure on the surface of the anode workpiece 9 are realized.
The invention is characterized in that in the processing process:
1) the cathode tool 7 is not fed, and the depth of a processing cavity is not more than 3 mm;
2) the constant pressure of the constant force spring 4 is not suitable to be too large, and the pressure is suitable not to cause the deformation of the anode workpiece 9;
3) the electrolyte pressure of the water inlet 1 is not required to be too high so as to reduce uneven corrosion in the cavity of the anode workpiece 9; a liquid pump 15 is added to the water outlet 1 to increase the flow rate of the electrolyte in the machining gap;
4) the water inlet 1 and the water outlet 10 can be functionally interchanged, namely electrolyte is pumped into the water outlet 10, and the electrolyte is pumped out from the water inlet 1;
5) the contact part of the cathode tool rear cover 5, the adapter device 2 and the cathode tool 7 is tightly sealed; when the functions of the water inlet 1 and the water outlet 10 are interchanged, the contact part of the cathode tool rear cover 5, the adapter device 2 and the cathode tool 7 can meet the requirement of air sealing;
6) the shape of the cathode tool 7 can be correspondingly replaced according to the shape of the cavity, so that the processing requirements of different cavities are met.
In this embodiment, the method of the present invention is used to process the shallow cavity on the surface of the thin-wall casing shown in fig. 3, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
step (1): the anode workpiece 9 and the cathode tool 7 are installed, the machine tool setup is checked and initialization is completed.
Fixing a casing part 12 to be processed on an electrolytic machine tool workbench 11 through a special fixture; fixing the selected cathode tool 7 on the adapter 2; the power supply 14 and the electrolyte circulation system are inspected.
Step (2): and (5) attaching the processing surface to prepare for processing.
And starting the machine tool to drive the cathode tool 7 to be attached to the surface of the anode workpiece 9, starting the constant-force spring 4 device, and pressing the rubber ring 8 on the surface of the cathode tool 7 to form sealing and prevent stray corrosion.
And (3): the electrolyte circulation system and power supply 14 are turned on to begin processing.
The electrolyte circulation system is started, proper forward pressure is applied to the water inlet 1, and proper reverse pressure is added to the water outlet 10. The machining power supply 14 is turned on and a steady pressure difference is added between the cathode tool 7 and the anode workpiece 9. The anode workpiece 9 is electrochemically dissolved, gradually "copying" the cathode tool 7 to the anode surface.
And (4): and (4) continuously processing multiple cavities.
And (4) removing the pressing force of the constant force spring 4, separating the cathode tool 7 from the anode workpiece 9, and replacing the cathode tool 7 according to the processing requirement. The table 11 is rotated so that the next site to be machined of the anode workpiece 9 is aligned with the cathode tool 7. And repeating the processing steps to complete the processing of the surface cavity of the straight casing part 12.
And (5): and (5) finishing the processing and removing the processed sample.
And after the surface cavity of the casing is completely processed, closing the power supply and the electrolyte circulating system, taking out the processed sample, cleaning the processed product, and then transferring to the next procedure.
Claims (10)
1. An electrolytic machining device for a shallow cavity structure on the surface of a thin-wall casing is characterized by comprising a cathode tool (7), wherein a thin-wall casing part (12) is clamped on a machine tool workbench (11) and is connected with the positive pole of a power supply (14) to form an anode workpiece (9); the cathode tool is fixedly connected to a machine tool spindle (3) through a switching device (2) and is connected with the negative electrode of a power supply (14); electrolyte is pumped from a water inlet (1) of the adapter, directly conveyed to a shallow cavity processing area through the adapter and an internal flow passage of the cathode tool, and then flows out from a water outlet (10) at the cathode tool.
2. The electrolytic machining device for the shallow cavity structure on the surface of the thin-wall case as claimed in claim 1, wherein the switching device is internally provided with a flow passage for the electrolyte to flow through, and one end of the outer wall of the switching device is fixedly connected with a machine tool spindle (3) and the other end of the outer wall of the switching device is connected with a cathode tool.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the cathode tool has a flow channel for the electrolyte to flow through, and a convex structure matching with the shallow cavity on the end surface, the convex structure having a plurality of through holes for the electrolyte to flow through.
4. The electrolytic machining device for the shallow cavity structure on the surface of the thin-wall case as claimed in claim 3, wherein a rubber ring (8) is sleeved on the outer wall of the convex structure, and the end face of the rubber ring protrudes out of the end face of the convex structure, so that a cathode tool and an anode workpiece are separated from each other, and a certain machining gap is ensured.
5. The electrolytic machining device for the shallow cavity structure on the surface of the thin-wall case as claimed in claim 4, wherein the end face of the rubber ring protrudes 0.2-1mm from the end face of the convex structure.
6. The thin-walled casing surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the shallow cavity structure is not more than 3 mm.
7. The thin-wall casing surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device is characterized in that a cathode tool rear cover (5) is arranged behind the cathode tool and sleeved on the outer wall of the adapter, and a cathode tool rear cover inner cavity is formed among the cathode tool rear cover, the cathode tool and the adapter and communicated with the shallow cavity machining area and provided with a water outlet.
8. The thin-wall case surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device is characterized in that a constant force spring (4) is arranged behind a rear cover of the cathode tool, and the cathode tool is not fed in the machining process.
9. The electrolytic machining method for the shallow cavity structure on the surface of the thin-wall casing according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): fixing a thin-wall casing part to be processed on a workbench of an electrolytic machine tool through a special fixture, selecting a cathode tool with a matched convex structure according to a shallow cavity structure, fixing the selected cathode tool on a switching device, fixedly connecting the switching device on a main shaft of the machine tool, installing a cathode tool rear cover with an inner cavity behind the cathode tool, and checking a power supply and an electrolyte circulating system;
step (2): starting the machine tool, driving the cathode tool through a main shaft of the machine tool, and enabling the convex structure of the cathode tool to be gradually close to the surface of the anode workpiece, so that the rubber ring on the end surface of the convex structure of the cathode tool is attached to the anode workpiece, and a certain machining gap is ensured; opening a constant force spring device, and pressing a rubber ring on the end face of the cathode tool through a rear cover of the cathode tool to seal a processing area and prevent stray corrosion;
and (3): starting an electrolyte circulating system, applying proper forward pressure to a water inlet of a runner of the adapter device, and adding proper reverse pressure to a water outlet of an inner cavity of a rear cover of the cathode tool; starting a processing power supply, and adding a stable voltage difference between a cathode tool and an anode workpiece; the anode workpiece is electrochemically dissolved, and the convex structure of the cathode tool is gradually copied to the surface of the anode, so that the machining and molding of the complex shallow cavity structure on the surface of the anode workpiece are realized; in the whole processing process, the constant spring keeps constant force, and the cathode tool does not feed;
and (4): the pressing force of the constant force spring is removed, the cathode tool and the anode workpiece are separated, and the cathode tool with a matched shallow cavity structure is replaced according to the processing requirement; rotating the machine tool workbench to enable the next part to be machined of the anode workpiece to be aligned to the cathode tool; repeating the processing steps until the surface cavities of the cartridge receiver parts are completely processed;
and (5): and after the surface cavity of the casing is completely processed, closing the power supply and the electrolyte circulating system, taking out the parts of the casing, cleaning a processed product, and then transferring to the next procedure.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the back cover of the cathode tool is hermetically sealed to the adapter and the cathode tool.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010849493.1A CN111992824A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Thin-wall case surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method thereof |
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| CN202010849493.1A CN111992824A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Thin-wall case surface shallow cavity structure electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113305381A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | A sectional type negative pole instrument for rotary printing electrolytic machining |
| CN114247942A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-29 | 江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司 | Flexible support clamp for electrolytic machining of outer surface cavity of thin-wall casing and technological method thereof |
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| CN114247942B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏集萃精密制造研究院有限公司 | Flexible supporting clamp for electrolytic machining of outer surface cavity of thin-wall casing and process method thereof |
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