CN111168173B

CN111168173B - Positive flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing method and device

Info

Publication number: CN111168173B
Application number: CN202010027243.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李冬林; 伍毅; 杨树宝; 于秀娟
Original assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT
Current assignee: Anhui University of Technology AHUT
Priority date: 2020-01-10
Filing date: 2020-01-10
Publication date: 2021-05-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-10
Also published as: CN111168173A

Abstract

The invention discloses a positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method and a device thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic grinding composite processing, wherein a movable template consists of an insulating layer and a conductive layer, a metal deposition layer with diamond particles is electroplated on the surface of the conductive layer of the movable template, the metal deposition layer and the diamond particles form a tool cathode, and the tool electrode has a through group hole structure; the invention realizes the finishing processing of the workpiece surface through the relative motion of the tool cathode and the workpiece, and the workpiece and the tool cathode do relatively uniform reciprocating or rotating motion so that the tool cathode can regularly and uniformly sweep the workpiece surface, electrolytic products generated in the processing process can be easily discharged under the actions of the scouring of electrolyte and the scraping of artificial diamond particles, so that a new metal surface is exposed, the electrolytic action is continuously generated, the workpiece material is continuously eroded, the processing efficiency and the processing quality are improved, and the invention has low cost and simple operation.

Description

Positive flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing method and device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic grinding composite processing, in particular to a positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method and a positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing device.

Background

Cemented carbide, high temperature alloy, and the like are used as important parts in many fields such as aerospace, ships, and the like, and manufacturing techniques such as forging, casting, and the like are generally used, and defects such as molding marks left on the surface, large surface roughness, poor consistency, and the like, and the influence on the entire equipment is large, so that they are indispensable for reprocessing thereof, but the surface of these alloys and the high efficiency processing thereof are currently difficult problems.

For the finishing processing of the alloy metal plate, the processing effect is not ideal due to the limitation of the processing method. The conventional polishing treatment method usually uses a surface grinding machine to perform grinding and polishing, which includes rough grinding, semi-finish grinding and finish grinding, and the process often fails to achieve the required surface roughness. The chemical polishing and the electrochemical polishing are both selective peak point dissolution, surface finishing is realized, the limitation of the hardness of a conductive material is avoided, the production rate is high, the roughness grade after finishing processing can only be improved by 1-2 grades, and the precision is difficult to control. The magnetic particle finishing technology is characterized in that a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is utilized to form a magnetic circuit between a tool and a test piece, magnetic particles form a magnetic brush under the action of the magnetic field force, the magnetic brush not only has rigidity, but also has self flexibility and self-sharpening, the magnetic particles press the test piece to realize elastic micro-blade cutting in the relative movement process, no complex device is needed to provide cutting force, and a precise numerical control system and a digital acquisition system are not needed, so that the magnetic particle finishing technology is more suitable for automatic finishing of free curved surfaces such as molds. But the most fatal disadvantage is low production efficiency and also is restricted by the manufacturing level of magnetic particles. The electrolytic grinding and finishing machining has the advantages of simple equipment structure, low cost, capability of absorbing the controllability of mechanical finishing machining precision and high efficiency of electrochemical polishing, successfully realizes the combination of electrochemical polishing and mechanical finishing machining, changes the high-precision requirement of a conventional grinding machine, does not need to replace grinding materials, greatly improves the machining efficiency, and is especially suitable for machining simple planes and regular curved surfaces.

The Chinese patent No. 201810421830.X provides an internal channel ultrasonic vibration assisted internal spraying type electrolytic grinding system and method, wherein an electrolyte generates a cavitation effect under the action of ultrasonic vibration, a conductive grinding head is strengthened to remove a passivation film on the surface of a workpiece, passivated abrasive particles fall off in time, an electric spark discharge phenomenon generated in an interelectrode gap is avoided, and high-efficiency precision machining of a deep hole, a cavity and an internal channel is realized. The cathode adopted by the patent is a hollow conductive grinding head, so that the manufacture is complicated, and the grinding of the plate is obviously not applicable. The patent of Chinese patent 201810047135.1 proposes a tool cathode and a method for improving the flatness of the machined bottom surface of electrolytic milling, wherein a rod-shaped grinding head is adopted as the tool cathode, a contour generating line is formed by the rotation motion of a grinding head electrode and the feeding motion of a workpiece in a manner similar to numerical control milling, and the shaping and machining of structures such as a molded surface, a cavity, a thin wall, a boss and the like are realized by a method of performing shaping and machining by a tangent method. The bottom surface of the cathode of the tool used in the method is subjected to insulation treatment to form a bottom surface insulation layer; the lower end of the side wall of the tool cathode is divided into an upper area and a lower area; diamond abrasive grains are embedded in the upper area of the lower end of the side wall in an electroplating mode to form a conductive abrasive grain layer; diamond abrasive grains are embedded in the lower area of the lower end of the side wall through a resin binder to form an insulating abrasive grain layer; the center of the cathode of the tool is provided with a blind hole, and the side wall of the tool is provided with a plurality of liquid spraying holes communicated with the blind hole. The electrode is complex in design and manufacture and complex in structure. In addition, during machining, the motion of the tool cathode and the workpiece is complex, and the method is not suitable for finishing flat metal. Chinese patent 201710409275.4 proposes an inverted electropolishing apparatus and an electropolishing apparatus thereof, which improves the electropolishing effect by inverting a workpiece and injecting an electrolyte upwardly into the electrolyte through a hollow electrolytic rod, and improves the degree of automation and production efficiency of electropolishing. The method is ingenious in design, but the processing object is a hollow inner wall surface. The above method is not suitable for the finishing of flat metal. Based on the above, the invention designs a positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method and a positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing device so as to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a forward flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method and a forward flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing device, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method comprises the following steps:

step1, the movable template is composed of an insulating layer and a conducting layer, a metal deposition layer with diamond particles is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer of the movable template, the metal deposition layer and the diamond particles form a tool cathode, and the tool cathode has a through group hole structure;

step2, placing the tool cathodes fixed on the left clamp body and the right clamp body on two sides of the workpiece, feeding the left clamp body and the right clamp body in opposite directions to enable the diamond particles to be tightly attached to the workpiece and keep a certain grinding pressure;

step3, electrically connecting the workpiece with the anode of the electrolytic power supply, and electrically connecting the conducting layers of the left and right movable templates with the cathode of the electrolytic power supply;

step4, during machining, the electrolyte flows into the surface of the cathode of the tool in the positive direction, and the electrolyte reaches the surface of the workpiece through the through group hole structure;

step5, the tool cathode rotates left along with the left clamp body and rotates right along with the right clamp body respectively, or the workpiece moves in a feeding way along with the anode spindle feeding mechanism along with the anode spindle in the direction vertical to the axis of the machine tool spindle for clamping the left and right cathodes;

at Step6, the electrolytic power supply is turned on to perform electrolytic grinding.

Positive-flow movable mould board electrolytic grinding combined machining device, including diamond granule, metal deposition layer, conducting layer, insulating layer, crowd's pore structure, left anchor clamps body, left flange, left connecting axle, left negative pole main shaft feed mechanism, positive pole main shaft, electrolysis power, positive pole main shaft feed mechanism, right negative pole main shaft, right connecting axle, right flange, right anchor clamps body, work piece, instrument negative pole, left connecting pipe, left rotary joint, right connecting pipe and right rotary joint, the instrument negative pole includes diamond granule, metal deposition layer, movable mould board and crowd's pore structure, the movable mould board includes conducting layer and insulating layer, the metal deposition layer has been electroplated on the conducting layer surface, be equipped with the diamond granule on the metal deposition layer, the crowd's pore structure has been seted up to equidistant running through on the movable mould board, the movable mould board is placed and is installed at, On the right side anchor clamps body, a left side anchor clamps body and right anchor clamps body link to each other with left flange and right flange respectively, left side flange and right flange link to each other with left connecting pipe and right connecting pipe respectively, left side connecting pipe and right connecting pipe link to each other with left connecting axle and right connecting axle respectively, left side connecting axle and right connecting axle link to each other with left rotary joint and right rotary joint respectively, the left side of left side connecting axle and the right side of right connecting axle are equipped with left negative pole main shaft and right negative pole main shaft respectively, rotary motion is made together with left connecting axle and right connecting axle to the movable mould board, the work piece feeds and is in between two movable mould boards, the work piece links to each other with the positive pole main shaft, the work piece is along with the axis direction feed motion along with the positive pole main shaft.

Preferably, the diamond particles are 400-1200 mesh.

Preferably, the metal deposition layer has a thickness greater than 0.03 mm.

Preferably, the left clamp body and the right clamp body are respectively provided with a channel which is arranged oppositely and is trumpet-shaped.

Preferably, the electrolyte is arranged in the group hole structure, the electrolyte flows from the left rotary joint to the tool cathode, and the electrolyte flows from the right rotary joint to the tool cathode, and both the electrolyte flows in the electrolyte flowing direction, and the electrolyte flows out in the electrolyte flowing direction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the machining process is stable, and the service life of the tool cathode is longer. The invention directly provides electrolyte for the machining gap through the through hole on the cathode of the tool, so that the liquid supply is sufficient and timely, the product is not easy to accumulate, and the phenomenon of short circuit burn caused by unsmooth liquid supply or untimely product discharge is reduced.

(2) The relative motion form of the tool cathode and the workpiece is various, and the tool cathode can be suitable for processing the workpiece under different environmental conditions. The workpiece is static under the condition of feeding to the appointed station, and can rotate after the cathode of the tool presses the workpiece; on the contrary, after the cathode of the tool compresses the workpiece, the workpiece performs reciprocating feeding motion along with the main shaft; the above-described movements may be performed simultaneously. Further eliminating electrolysis products generated in the processing process and improving the finish of the processed surface.

In conclusion, the surface of the flat metal workpiece processed by the invention has the characteristics of high efficiency, high quality, low cost and simple operation.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cathode structure of the tool of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1-diamond particles, 2-metal deposition layer, 3-conductive layer, 4-insulating layer, 5-group hole structure, 6-left clamp body, 7-left flange, 8-left connecting shaft, 9-left shaft rotary motion, 10-left cathode spindle, 11-left cathode spindle feeding mechanism, 12-anode spindle, 13-electrolytic power supply, 14-anode spindle feeding mechanism, 15-right cathode spindle, 16-right shaft rotary motion, 17-right connecting shaft, 18-right flange, 19-right clamp body, 20-workpiece, 21-tool cathode, 22-left connecting pipe, 23-left rotary joint, 24-right connecting pipe, 25-right rotary joint, a-electrolyte inflow direction, b-electrolyte outflow direction.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: the positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing method comprises the following steps:

step1, the movable template is composed of an insulating layer 4 and a conducting layer 3, a metal deposition layer 2 with diamond particles 1 is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer 3 of the movable template, the metal deposition layer 2 and the diamond particles 1 form a tool cathode 21, and the tool cathode 21 is provided with a through group hole structure 5;

step2, placing the tool cathodes 21 fixed on the left clamp body 6 and the right clamp body 19 on two sides of the workpiece 20, feeding the left clamp body 6 and the right clamp body 19 oppositely to enable the diamond particles 1 to be tightly attached to the workpiece 20, and keeping a certain grinding pressure;

step3, electrically connecting the workpiece 20 with the anode of the electrolytic power supply 13, and electrically connecting the conductive layers 3 of the left and right movable templates with the cathode of the electrolytic power supply 13;

step4, during machining, the electrolyte flows into the surface of the cathode 21 of the tool in the positive direction, and the electrolyte reaches the surface of the workpiece 20 through the through group hole structure 5;

step5, the tool cathode 21 respectively rotates with the left clamp body 6 to the left 9 and the right clamp body 19 to the right 16, or the workpiece 20 moves with the anode spindle 12 to the feed along with the anode spindle feed mechanism 14 in the direction vertical to the axis of the machine tool spindle for clamping the left and right cathodes;

at Step6, the electrolytic power source 13 is turned on to perform electrolytic grinding.

A positive flow type movable template electrolytic grinding composite processing device comprises diamond particles 1, a metal deposition layer 2, a conductive layer 3, an insulating layer 4, a group hole structure 5, a left clamp body 6, a left flange 7, a left connecting shaft 8, a left cathode spindle 10, a left cathode spindle feeding mechanism 11, an anode spindle 12, an electrolytic power supply 13, an anode spindle feeding mechanism 14, a right cathode spindle 15, a right connecting shaft 17, a right flange 18, a right clamp body 19, a workpiece 20, a tool cathode 21, a left connecting pipe 22, a left rotary joint 23, a right connecting pipe 24 and a right rotary joint 25, wherein the tool cathode 21 comprises the diamond particles 1, the metal deposition layer 2, the movable template and the group hole structure 5, the movable template comprises the conductive layer 3 and the insulating layer 4, the metal deposition layer 2 is electroplated on the surface of the conductive layer 3, the thickness of the metal deposition layer 2 is more than 0.03mm, the diamond particles, the diamond particles 1 are 400-plus-1200 meshes, the movable template is provided with a group hole structure 5 in a penetrating way at equal intervals, electrolyte is arranged in the group hole structure 5, the electrolyte flows to a tool cathode 21 from a left rotary joint 23 and flows to the tool cathode 21 from a right rotary joint 25, the electrolyte flows out to be an electrolyte outflow direction b, the electrolyte is injected into a machining gap through the group hole structure 5 on the tool cathode 21 under the action of a liquid supply system to realize electrochemical reaction and wash an electrolytic product, the movable templates are oppositely arranged and arranged on the left clamp body 6 and the right clamp body 19, the left clamp body 6 and the right clamp body 19 are respectively provided with a channel which are oppositely arranged, the channels are horn-shaped, the left clamp body 6 and the right clamp body 19 are respectively connected with a left flange 7 and a right flange 18, the left flange 7 and the right flange 18 are respectively connected with a left connecting pipe 22 and a right connecting pipe 24, the left connecting pipe 22 and the right connecting pipe 24 are respectively connected with the left connecting shaft 8 and the right connecting shaft 17, the left connecting shaft 8 and the right connecting shaft 17 are respectively connected with the left rotary joint 23 and the right rotary joint 25, the left side of the left connecting shaft 8 and the right side of the right connecting shaft 17 are respectively provided with the left cathode main shaft 10 and the right cathode main shaft 15, the movable template and the left connecting shaft 8 and the right connecting shaft 17 rotate together, the workpiece 20 is fed and positioned between the two movable templates, the workpiece 20 is connected with the anode main shaft 12, the workpiece 20 moves along with the feeding of the anode main shaft 12 along the axial direction, and the electrolytic power supply 13 is electrically connected between the conductive layer 3 and the.

One specific application of this embodiment is: referring to fig. 1, an insulating layer 4 and a conductive layer 3 constitute a movable template, a metal deposition layer 2 inlaid with diamond particles 1 is electroplated on the conductive layer 3, and a micro group hole structure 5 is drilled by using a numerical control drilling machining technology to manufacture a tool cathode 21.

Referring to fig. 2, the tool cathode 21 manufactured as described above is mounted on the left cathode spindle 10 and the right cathode spindle 15 through the left gripper body 6 and the right gripper body 19, respectively, the workpiece 20 is mounted on the anode spindle 12, the workpiece 20 is sent to a desired position through the anode spindle feeding mechanism 14, the tool cathode 21 is driven by the left cathode spindle 10 and the right cathode spindle 15 to move in opposite directions sequentially or simultaneously until the workpiece 20 is clamped, and at this time, the diamond particles 1 on the metal deposition layer 2 press the workpiece and maintain a certain grinding pressure.

Referring to fig. 2, the workpiece 20 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolysis power supply 13, and the conductive layer 3 of the movable die plate is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolysis power supply 13, so that the operating voltage is set.

Referring to fig. 2, during machining, the working pressure and temperature of the electrolyte are set, and the electrolyte is injected to the surface of the tool cathode 21 through the left rotary joint 23 and the right rotary joint 25, and then reaches the surface of the workpiece 20 through the through-group holes 5.

Referring to fig. 2, when the power supply 13 is switched on, the tool cathode 21 rotates with the left cathode spindle 10 and the right cathode spindle 15 of the machine tool, the surface of the workpiece 20 is finished under the combined action of electrochemical anodic corrosion and mechanical grinding, the electrolytic product is washed away by flowing electrolyte and the diamond particles 1 are scraped off, or after the tool cathode 21 is pressed on the workpiece 20, the workpiece 20 makes reciprocating feed motion with the anode spindle 12 to form relative motion of the workpiece 20 and the tool cathode 21; the above-described movements may be performed simultaneously. Thereby effectively improving the phenomenon that the insoluble processing products are gathered in the processing area and improving the processing stability and the processing efficiency.

The relative motion of the tool cathode and the workpiece realizes the finishing processing of the surface of the workpiece. When in processing, certain grinding pressure is kept between the workpiece and the artificial diamond particles embedded on the movable template, certain electrolytic gaps are formed between the surface of the workpiece and the surface of the deposited metal and between the surface of the workpiece and the conductive layer on the movable template by the protruded artificial diamond particles, and meanwhile, electrolyte with certain pressure flows into the processing gaps in the forward direction by utilizing the through group hole structure on the template. The workpiece and the cathode of the tool are in relatively uniform reciprocating or rotating motion, so that the cathode of the tool can regularly and uniformly sweep the surface of the workpiece. The electrolytic product produced in the processing process can be easily discharged under the scouring action of the electrolyte and the scraping action of the artificial diamond particles, so that a new metal surface is exposed, the electrolysis action is continuously produced, and the workpiece material is continuously corroded and removed.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. Positive current movable mould board electrolytic grinding combined machining device, a serial communication port, including diamond granule (1), metal deposition layer (2), conducting layer (3), insulating layer (4), crowd's pore structure (5), left anchor clamps body (6), left flange (7), left connecting axle (8), left negative pole main shaft (10), left negative pole main shaft feed mechanism (11), positive pole main shaft (12), electrolysis power supply (13), positive pole main shaft feed mechanism (14), right negative pole main shaft (15), right connecting axle (17), right flange (18), right anchor clamps body (19), work piece (20), instrument negative pole (21), left connecting pipe (22), left rotary joint (23), right connecting pipe (24) and right rotary joint (25), its characterized in that: the tool cathode (21) comprises diamond particles (1), a metal deposition layer (2), a movable template and a group hole structure (5), the movable template comprises a conductive layer (3) and an insulating layer (4), the metal deposition layer (2) is electroplated on the surface of the conductive layer (3), the diamond particles (1) are arranged on the metal deposition layer (2), the group hole structure (5) is arranged on the movable template in an equidistant mode, the movable template is oppositely placed and installed on a left clamp body (6) and a right clamp body (19), the left clamp body (6) and the right clamp body (19) are respectively connected with a left flange (7) and a right flange (18), the left flange (7) and the right flange (18) are respectively connected with a left connecting pipe (22) and a right connecting pipe (24), the left connecting pipe (22) and the right connecting pipe (24) are respectively connected with a left connecting shaft (8) and a right connecting shaft (17), left side connecting axle (8) and right connecting axle (17) link to each other with left rotary joint (23) and right rotary joint (25) respectively, the left side of left side connecting axle (8) and the right side of right connecting axle (17) are equipped with left cathode main shaft (10) and right cathode main shaft (15) respectively, rotary motion is made together with left connecting axle (8) and right connecting axle (17) to the movable mould board, work piece (20) feed and be in between two movable mould boards, work piece (20) link to each other with anode spindle (12), work piece (20) are along axis direction feed motion along with anode spindle (12), electric connection has electrolysis power (13) between conducting layer (3) and work piece (20).

2. The forward flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diamond particles (1) are 400-1200 meshes.

3. The forward flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the metal deposition layer (2) is more than 0.03 mm.

4. The forward flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the left clamp body (6) and the right clamp body (19) are respectively provided with a channel which is arranged oppositely and is trumpet-shaped.

5. The forward flow type movable mould plate electrolytic grinding composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: be equipped with electrolyte in crowd's hole structure (5), electrolyte flows to tool cathode (21) from left rotary joint (23) and electrolyte is electrolyte inflow direction (a) from right rotary joint (25) flow direction tool cathode (21), the outside outflow of electrolyte is electrolyte outflow direction (b).

6. The positive-flow movable template electrolytic grinding combined machining method is characterized in that the positive-flow movable template electrolytic grinding combined machining device of any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:

step1, the movable template is composed of an insulating layer (4) and a conducting layer (3), a metal deposition layer (2) with diamond particles (1) is electroplated on the surface of the conducting layer (3) of the movable template, the metal deposition layer (2) and the diamond particles (1) form a tool cathode (21), and the tool cathode (21) is provided with a through group hole structure (5);

step2, placing the tool cathodes (21) fixed on the left clamp body (6) and the right clamp body (19) on two sides of the workpiece (20), feeding the left clamp body (6) and the right clamp body (19) in opposite directions, enabling the diamond particles (1) to be tightly attached to the workpiece (20), and keeping a certain grinding pressure;

step3, electrically connecting the workpiece (20) with the anode of an electrolytic power supply (13), and electrically connecting the conducting layers (3) of the left and right movable templates with the cathode of the electrolytic power supply (13);

step4, during machining, the electrolyte flows into the surface of the cathode (21) of the tool in the positive direction, and the electrolyte reaches the surface of the workpiece (20) through the through group hole structure (5);

step5, the tool cathode (21) respectively rotates left (9) along with the left clamp body (6) and rotates right (16) along with the right clamp body (19), or the workpiece (20) moves along with the anode spindle (12) and feeds along with the anode spindle feeding mechanism (14) in the direction vertical to the axis of the machine tool spindle for clamping the left and right cathodes;

at Step6, an electrolytic power supply (13) is turned on to perform electrolytic grinding.