CN1837967B - 由结晶树脂构成的超低熔点调色剂 - Google Patents
由结晶树脂构成的超低熔点调色剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1837967B CN1837967B CN2006100673685A CN200610067368A CN1837967B CN 1837967 B CN1837967 B CN 1837967B CN 2006100673685 A CN2006100673685 A CN 2006100673685A CN 200610067368 A CN200610067368 A CN 200610067368A CN 1837967 B CN1837967 B CN 1837967B
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
由结晶树脂构成的超低熔点调色剂含有无定形树脂、结晶树脂和着色剂的调色剂显示改进的文件污损性能和改进的热内聚,其中结晶树脂的熔融温度为至少70℃和再结晶点为至少47℃。使调色剂退火进一步改进调色剂的热内聚和形态。
Description
技术领域
本公开内容总体上涉及包括基料和至少一种着色剂的调色剂,其中基料由无定形树脂和结晶磺化聚酯树脂构成。特别地,结晶树脂的熔点为至少70℃,并且再结晶点为至少47℃。
背景技术
用于静电复印应用的调色剂应当具有涉及贮存稳定性和粒度整体性的某些性能。即,需要粒子保持完整和不附聚直到它们在纸上熔凝。由于环境条件变化,调色剂也应当基本不附聚直到约50℃-约55℃的温度。
树脂和着色剂的调色剂复合材料应当也显示可接受的摩擦带电性能,该性能随载体或显影剂组合物的类型变化。有价值的调色剂属性是相对湿度灵敏度比,即调色剂在不同环境条件如高湿度或低湿度下显示相似带电行为的能力。典型地,认为调色剂的相对湿度灵敏度比为在80%湿度下的调色剂电荷除以在20%湿度下的调色剂电荷的比例。调色剂的相对湿度灵敏度比的可接受数值变化,并且依赖于静电复印机和环境。典型地,希望调色剂的相对湿度灵敏度比为至少0.5且优选1。
静电复印调色剂组合物的另一个重要性能是在纸上的熔凝性能。由于能量保存措施,和对静电复印机,如对静电复印熔凝器提出的更严格能量特性,存在降低调色剂到纸上的定影温度的压力,如达到约90℃-约110℃的定影温度,以允许较少的功率消耗和允许熔凝器系统具有延长的寿命。
对于接触熔凝器,即与纸和图像接触的熔凝器,调色剂应当基本不转移或偏移到熔凝辊上,依赖于温度是否低于纸的定影温度(冷污损)或调色剂在大于调色剂定影温度的温度下是否偏移到熔凝辊上(热污损)而称为热或冷污损。
调色剂的另一种所需特性是足够的纸图像从熔凝辊的剥离性。对于包含油的熔凝辊,调色剂可不包含蜡。然而,对于熔凝器上没有油的熔凝器(通常为硬辊),调色剂通常包含润滑剂如蜡以提供脱除和剥离性能。因此,用于接触熔凝应用的调色剂特性在于熔凝范围,即在定影温度和调色剂偏移到熔凝器上的温度之间的温度差应当为约30℃-约90℃,且优选约50℃-约90℃。
另外,依赖于静电复印应用,可能需要其它调色剂特性,如提供高光泽图像,如约60-约80加德纳(Gardner)光泽单位,特别地在绘图彩色应用中。其它调色剂特性涉及非文件污损,即当在约55℃-约60℃的温度下堆叠时纸图像不转印到邻近纸图像上的能力;非乙烯基污损性能;当在透明物上熔凝时的高图像投影效率,如约75-100%投影效率和优选约85-100%投影效率。调色剂的投影效率可以直接涉及采用的树脂的透明度,且需要清澈的树脂。
另外,需要小尺寸调色剂粒子,如约3-约12微米,和优选约5-约7微米,特别是在高分辨率是特性的静电复印机中。具有上述小尺寸的调色剂可以由化学工艺经济地制备,也称为直接或″原位″调色剂工艺,并且该工艺包括通过聚集和聚结、或通过悬浮、微悬浮或微囊封工艺将乳液尺寸粒子直接转化为调色剂复合材料。
由半结晶树脂构成的低定影调色剂是已知的,如在美国专利5,166,026中公开的那些。其中公开了由熔点为约30℃-约100℃并包含官能团的半结晶共聚物树脂如聚(α-烯烃)共聚物树脂和颜料粒子构成的调色剂,所述官能团包括羟基、羧基、氨基、酰氨基、铵或卤素。相似地,在美国专利4,952,477中,公开了由选自如下物质的树脂粒子和颜料粒子构成的调色剂组合物:熔点为约50℃-约100℃的半结晶聚烯烃及其共聚物。尽管其指出使用接触熔凝应用,这些调色剂的一些可提供约200°F-约225°F的低定影温度,树脂衍生自熔融特性为约30℃-约50℃的组分。不相信这些树脂显示更需要的熔融特性,如约55℃-约60℃。
在美国专利4,990,424中,公开了由如下物质的共混物构成的调色剂:包含苯乙烯聚合物或聚酯的树脂粒子,和选自熔点为约50℃-约100℃的半结晶聚烯烃及其共聚物的组分。报导了约250°F-约330°F的熔凝温度。
低定影结晶基调色剂公开于美国专利6,413,691。其中举例说明了由基料树脂和着色剂构成的调色剂,基料树脂包含结晶聚酯,该聚酯包含二价或多价羧酸作为单体组分,该羧酸含有磺酸基团。
结晶基调色剂公开于美国专利4,254,207。由交联的结晶树脂和无定形聚酯树脂构成的低定影调色剂说明于美国专利5,147,747和美国专利5,057,392。在每个文献中,调色剂粉末例如由部分羧基化结晶聚酯和部分羧基化无定形聚酯的聚合物粒子构成,该聚酯在高温下借助于环氧酚醛清漆树脂和交联催化剂交联在一起。
制备调色剂的乳液/聚集/聚结工艺说明于许多Xerox专利。
也令人感兴趣的可以是美国专利6,830,860,6,383,705和4,385,107。
当不将外部添加剂加入调色剂时,现有的低熔点调色剂不满足热内聚要求。没有添加剂的已知低熔点调色剂的热内聚通常大于77%。没有添加剂且热内聚小于20%的低熔点调色剂是特别坚固的。因此,优选不含有外部添加剂的低熔点调色剂的热内聚小于20%,和更优选小于10%。为比较,含有外部添加剂的低熔点调色剂的热内聚小于10%。
具有低热内聚的调色剂具有所需的流动特性并且在实际成像和熔凝之前抗附聚或熔凝。调色剂必须具有流动性或良好的粉末流动使得它们合适地在复印机/打印机中成像。在制造、包装和运输调色剂之后,它可遇到在环境中典型地至多40℃和在极端情况下高至50℃的温度变化。在这种条件下,如果粒子开始流动(即熔融),则粒子会粘附到其它粒子并附聚且导致差的调色剂。
因此需要提供可以在较低温度下使用,仍然提供优异性能的低熔点调色剂,所述性能包括优异的文件污损和热内聚。也需要提供制备这种低熔点调色剂的方法,该方法允许受控的粒子生长和受控的形态或形状,并提供高的收率。
发明内容
在实施方案中,描述了粒子,该粒子包括基料并且优选也包括着色剂,其中基料包括无定形树脂和结晶树脂,其中结晶树脂的熔点为至少约70℃和再结晶点为至少约47℃,并且其中粒子是基本未交联的。
在实施方案中,描述了形成粒子的方法,该粒子包括基料、着色剂和任选的蜡,该方法包括如下步骤:形成无定形聚酯树脂和结晶树脂的基料,其中结晶树脂的熔点为至少约70℃和再结晶点为至少约47℃,加入着色剂和任选的蜡到基料中,并且在一个实施方案中在形成调色剂粒子之前加入着色剂到基料中。
在实施方案中,描述了另外的方法,该方法包括形成包括基料、着色剂和任选的蜡的调色剂粒子,其中基料包括无定形聚酯树脂和结晶树脂,和在结晶树脂的再结晶温度的10℃之内,且优选在5℃之内的温度下使调色剂粒子退火。在一个实施方案中,进一步包括在形成调色剂粒子之前加入着色剂到基料中。
具体实施方式
第一实施方案涉及粒子,优选调色剂粒子,该粒子包括无定形树脂和结晶树脂的基料,其中结晶树脂的熔点为至少70℃和再结晶点为至少47℃。
可以在较低熔凝温度下使用包括结晶树脂的调色剂,该结晶树脂的熔点为至少70℃和再结晶点为至少47℃。同时,调色剂显示改进的文件污损性能和改进的热内聚。
添加剂不是产生改进文件污损和改进热内聚的所需结果所必须的,尽管不排除添加剂用于在此所述的粒子。
因此,本公开内容的一个方面涉及包括支化无定形树脂和结晶磺化聚酯树脂的调色剂,其中结晶树脂的熔点为至少约70℃,优选约70℃-85℃,更优选约70℃-80℃,和再结晶点为至少47℃,优选约47℃-65℃。可以通过在规定的温度和规定的时间使调色剂退火来进一步改进文件污损和热内聚性能。
使调色剂退火是重要的,使得半结晶树脂的结晶度增加并且它的无定形状态最小化。在此所述的结晶树脂的Tg典型地小于50℃,且优选为约40℃-约44℃。此状态增塑调色剂并通过附聚引起差的内聚。在无定形区域的温度下或略微大于它的温度下,如结晶温度退火允许半结晶树脂结晶出来。通过隧道电子显微镜(TEM),观察到在退火工艺之后靠近调色剂表面产生脊。相信这些脊源于结晶树脂。差示扫描量热计(DSC)也显示结晶焓的增加和Tg的降低。
在此适用的无定形树脂的例子包括聚酯树脂、支化聚酯树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、支化聚酰亚胺树脂、聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)树脂、交联例如约25%-约70%的聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)树脂、聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯)树脂、交联聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯)树脂、聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)树脂、交联聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)树脂、碱磺化-聚酯树脂、支化碱磺化-聚酯树脂、碱磺化-聚酰亚胺树脂、支化碱磺化-聚酰亚胺树脂、碱磺化聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)树脂、交联碱磺化聚(苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)树脂、聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯)树脂、交联碱磺化-聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯)树脂、碱磺化-聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)树脂、和交联碱磺化聚(苯乙烯-丁二烯)树脂。
无定形树脂优选是支化无定形磺化聚酯树脂或线性无定形磺化聚酯树脂。例如当熔凝器不包含熔凝器油时或当需要黑色或无光泽印刷品时,优选支化的无定形磺化聚酯树脂。例如当熔凝器包括油时,优选线性无定形磺化聚酯树脂。
支化无定形树脂可以是聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯-丁二烯、或聚酯-酰亚胺、碱磺化聚酯、碱磺化聚酰胺、碱磺化聚酰亚胺、碱磺化聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯、碱磺化聚苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸酯、碱磺化聚苯乙烯-丁二烯、或碱磺化聚酯-酰亚胺、磺化聚酯树脂、共聚(对苯二甲酸亚乙基酯)-共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(对苯二甲酸亚丙基酯)-共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(对苯二甲酸二亚乙基酯)-共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酸二亚乙基酯)、共聚(对苯二甲酸亚丙基-二亚乙基酯)-共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酸酯亚丙基-二亚乙基)、共聚(对苯二甲酸亚丙基-亚丁基酯)-共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酸亚丙基-亚丁基酯)、共聚(丙氧基化双酚-A-富马酸酯)-共聚(丙氧基化双酚A-5-磺基-间苯二甲酸酯)、共聚(乙氧基化双酚-A-富马酸酯)-共聚(乙氧基化双酚-A-5-磺基-间苯二甲酸酯)、或共聚(乙氧基化双酚-A-马来酸酯)共聚(乙氧基化双酚-A-5-磺基-间苯二甲酸酯)。
支化无定形聚酯树脂通常由作为支化剂和缩聚催化剂的有机二元醇、二元酸或二酯、磺化二官能单体和多价多元酸或多元醇的缩聚制备。
选择用于制备无定形聚酯的二元酸或二酯的例子包括选自如下的二羧酸或二酯:对苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、十二烷基琥珀酸、十二烷基琥珀酸酐、戊二酸、戊二酸酐、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、对苯二甲酸二乙酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、琥珀酸二甲酯、富马酸二甲酯、马来酸二甲酯、戊二酸二甲酯、己二酸二甲酯、十二烷基琥珀酸二甲酯及其混合物。有机二元酸或二酯选自例如约45-约52mol%树脂。
用于产生无定形聚酯的二元醇的例子包括1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、2,2-二甲基丙二醇、2,2,3-三甲基己二醇、庚二醇、十二烷二醇、双(羟乙基)-双酚A、双(2-羟丙基)-双酚A、1,4-环己烷二甲醇、1,3-环己烷二甲醇、二甲苯二甲醇、环己烷二醇、二甘醇、双(2-羟乙基)氧化物、二丙二醇、二丁二醇、及其混合物。选择的有机二元醇数量可变化,并且更具体地是例如树脂的约45-约52mol%。
碱磺化二官能单体的例子(其中碱是锂、钠或钾)包括5-磺基-间苯二甲酸二甲酯,5-磺基-间苯二甲酸二烷基酯-4-磺基-1,8-萘二甲酸酐、4-磺基-邻苯二甲酸、4-磺基苯基-3,5-二甲酯基苯、6-磺基-2-萘基-3,5-二甲酯基苯、磺基-对苯二甲酸、磺基-对苯二甲酸二甲酯、磺基-对苯二甲酸二烷基酯、磺基-乙二醇、2-磺基-丙二醇、2-磺基-丁二醇、3-磺基-戊二醇,2-磺基-己二醇、3-磺基-2-甲基戊二醇、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸酯、2-磺基-3,3-二甲基戊二醇、磺基-对羟基苯甲酸、其混合物等。可以选择例如树脂的约0.1-约2wt%的有效二官能单体数量。
用于形成支化无定形聚酯树脂的支化剂包括例如多价多元酸如1,2,4-苯-三甲酸、1,2,4-环己烷三甲酸、2,5,7-萘三甲酸、1,2,4-萘三甲酸、1,2,5-己烷三甲酸、1,3-二羧基-2-甲基-2-亚甲基-羧基丙烷、四(亚甲基-羧基)甲烷、和1,2,7,8-辛烷四甲酸、其酸酐,及其1-约6个碳原子的低级烷基酯;多价多元醇如山梨醇、1,2,3,6-己四醇、1,4-脱水山梨醇、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇、蔗糖、1,2,4-丁三醇、1,2,5-戊三醇、甘油、2-甲基丙三醇、2-甲基-1,2,4-丁三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、1,3,5-三羟基甲基苯、其混合物等。选择的支化剂数量是例如树脂的约0.1-约5mol%。
无定形树脂的存在数量例如为基料的约50-约90wt%,和更优选约65-约85wt%。优选无定形树脂是支化无定形磺化聚酯树脂。在优选的实施方案中由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测量的无定形树脂的数均分子量(Mn)为约10,000-约500,000,和优选约5,000-约250,000;使用聚苯乙烯标准物由GPC测定的重均分子量(Mw)例如为约20,000-约600,000,和优选约7,000-约300,000,并且其中分子量分布(Mw/Mn)是例如约1.5-约6,更具体地约2-约4。
结晶树脂可以是例如聚酯、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁酸酯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物或聚烯烃。优选,结晶树脂是磺化聚酯树脂或磺化共聚酯树脂。
在此适用的结晶树脂的例子是聚(己二酸亚乙基酯)、聚(己二酸亚丙基酯)、聚(己二酸亚丁基酯)、聚(己二酸亚戊基酯)、聚(己二酸亚己基酯)、聚(己二酸亚辛基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚乙基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚丙基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚丁基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚戊基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚己基酯)、聚(琥珀酸亚辛基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚乙基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚丙基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚丁基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚戊基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚己基酯)、聚(癸二酸亚辛基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丁基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚戊基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚己基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚辛基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丁基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚戊基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚己基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚辛基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚丁基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚戊基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚己基酯)、共聚(5-磺基间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(琥珀酸亚辛基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚丁基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚戊基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚己基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(癸二酸亚辛基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚乙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丙基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚丁基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚戊基酯)、共聚(5-磺基-间苯二甲酰基)-共聚(己二酸亚己基酯)、或聚(己二酸亚辛基酯)。
调色剂中的结晶树脂最优选显示或具有约60℃-85℃的熔融温度,和至少约47℃的再结晶温度,和优选再结晶温度为约50℃-65℃。磺化聚酯树脂最优选作为此处的结晶树脂。将结晶树脂磺化约0.5wt%-约4.5wt%,和优选约1.5wt%-约4.0wt%。
优选,结晶树脂衍生自选自如下的单体:5-磺基间苯二甲酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、乙二醇和丁二醇。本领域技术人员容易认识到单体可以是产生结晶树脂的任何合适单体。例如,癸二酸可以由富马酸或己二酸代替。
结晶树脂存在的数量例如为基料的约10-约50wt%,和优选为基料的约15-约40wt%。
结晶树脂可具有的熔点例如为至少约60℃,和优选约70℃-约80℃,和由凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测量的数均分子量(Mn)为约1,000-约50,000,和优选约2,000-约25,000;使用聚苯乙烯标准物由GPC测定的重均分子量(Mw)例如为约2,000-约100,000,和优选约3,000-约80,000。结晶树脂的分子量分布(Mw/Mn)是例如约2-约6,更具体地约2-约4。
结晶树脂可以通过在缩聚催化剂存在下使有机二元醇与有机二元酸反应的缩聚方法制备。通常,采用化学计量等摩尔比的有机二元醇和有机二元酸。然而在其中有机二元醇的沸点为约180℃-约230℃的一些情况下,可以在缩聚过程期间采用和除去过量的二元醇。
采用的催化剂数量变化,并可以选自例如树脂的约0.01-约1mol%的数量。另外,可以选择有机二酯代替有机二元酸,此时产生醇副产物。
有机二元醇的例子包括含有约2-约36个碳原子的脂族二元醇,如1,2-乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇等;碱磺基-脂族二元醇如钠代2-磺基-1,2-乙二醇、锂代2-磺基-1,2-乙二醇、钾代2-磺基-1,2-乙二醇、钠代2-磺基-1,3-丙二醇、锂代2-磺基-1,3-丙二醇、钾代2-磺基-1,3-丙二醇、其混合物等。选择脂族二元醇的数量为例如树脂的约45-约50mol%,并且可以选择碱磺基-脂族二元醇的数量为树脂的约1-约10mol%。
选择用于制备结晶树脂的有机二元酸或二酯的例子包括草酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、萘-2,6-二甲酸、萘-2,7-二甲酸、环己烷二甲酸、丙二酸和中康酸、其二酯或酸酐;和碱磺基-有机二元酸如以下物质的钠代、锂代或钾盐:5-磺基-间苯二甲酸二甲酯、5-磺基-间苯二甲酸二烷基酯-4-磺基-1,8-萘二酸酐、4-磺基-邻苯二甲酸、4-磺基-邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、4-磺基-邻苯二甲酸二烷基酯、4-磺基苯基-3,5-二甲酯基苯、6-磺基-2-萘基-3,5-二甲酯基苯、磺基-对苯二甲酸、磺基-对苯二甲酸二甲酯、5-磺基-间苯二甲酸、磺基-对苯二甲酸二烷基酯、磺基乙二醇、2-磺基丙二醇、2-磺基丁二醇、3-磺基戊二醇、2-磺基己二醇、3-磺基-2-甲基-戊二醇、2-磺基-3,3-二甲基戊二醇、磺基-对羟基苯甲酸、N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-2-氨基乙烷磺酸酯、或其混合物。选择有机二元酸的数量为例如树脂的约40-约50mol%,并且可以选择碱磺基脂族二元酸的数量为树脂的约1-约10mol%。
用于结晶或无定形聚酯的缩聚催化剂例子包括钛酸四烷基酯、氧化二烷基锡如氧化二丁基锡、四烷基锡如二月桂酸二丁基锡、氧化氢氧化二烷基锡如氧化氢氧化丁基锡、醇铝盐、烷基锌、二烷基锌、氧化锌、氧化亚锡、或其混合物;并且选择该催化剂的数量为例如约0.01mol%-约5mol%,基于用于产生聚酯树脂的开始二元酸或二酯。
调色剂中的着色剂可能是颜料或染料。着色剂优选存在的数量为调色剂的约4-约18wt%,和更优选数量为约3-约15wt%。
各种已知的合适着色剂,如染料、颜料及其混合物可优选包括在基料中,特别包括在制备调色剂粒子中。当存在时,着色剂可以采用有效量加入,例如粒子的约1-约25wt%,且优选数量为约2-约12wt%。合适的着色剂例子包括例如炭黑如REGAL 330磁铁矿,如Mobay磁铁矿MO8029TM,MO8060TM;Columbian磁铁矿;MAPICOBLACKSTM和表面处理的磁铁矿;Pfizer磁铁矿CB4799TM,CB5300TM,CB5600TM,MCX6369TM;Bayer磁铁矿,BAYFERROX8600TM,8610TM;Northern颜料磁铁矿,NP-604TM,NP-608TM;Magnox磁铁矿TMB-100TM或TMB-104TM等。作为着色的颜料,可以选择青色、品红色、黄色、红色、绿色、棕色、蓝色或其混合色。颜料的具体例子包括购自Paul Uhlich & Company,Inc.的酞菁HELIOGEN蓝L6900TM、D6840TM、D7080TM、D7020TM、PYLAM油蓝TM、PYLAM油黄TM、颜料蓝1TM,购自Dominion Color Corporation,Ltd.,Toronto,Ontario的颜料紫1TM、颜料红48TM、柠檬铬黄DCC 1026TM、E.D.甲苯胺红TM和BON红CTM,购自Hoechst的NOVAPERM黄FGLTM、HOSTAPERM粉红ETM,和购自E.I.DuPont de Nemours &Company的CINQUASIA品红TM等。通常,可以选择的着色剂是黑色、青色、品红色或黄色及其混合色。品红色的例子是在染料索引标识为CI 60710、CI分散红15的2,9-二甲基取代的喹吖啶酮和蒽酯染料,在染料索引中标识为CI 26050的重氮染料、CI溶剂红19等。青色的说明性例子包括铜四(十八烷基磺基酰氨基)酞菁,在染料索引中以CI 74160列出的x-铜酞菁颜料、CI颜料蓝,和在染料索引中标识为CI 69810的Anthrathrene蓝、特殊蓝X-2137等;而黄色的说明性例子是二芳基化物黄3,3-二氯联苯胺乙酰乙酰苯胺、在染料索引中标识为CI 12700的单偶氮颜料、CI溶剂黄16、在染料索引中标识为Foron黄SE/GLN的硝基苯基胺磺酰胺、CI分散黄332,5-二甲氧基-4-磺酰苯胺苯基偶氮-4′-氯-2,5-二甲氧基乙酰乙酰苯胺、和永久黄FGL。着色的磁铁矿,如MAPICO黑TM的混合物,并且青色组分也可以选择作为着色剂。可以选择其它已知的着色剂,如Levanyl黑A-SF(Miles,Bayer)和Sunsperse炭黑LHD 9303(Sun Chemicals),和着色的染料如Neopen蓝(BASF)、苏丹蓝OS(BASF)、PV坚牢蓝B2G01(American Hoechst)、Sunsperse蓝BHD 6000(Sun Chemicals)、Irgalite蓝BCA(Ciba-Geigy)、Paliogen蓝6470(BASF)、苏丹III(Matheson,Coleman,Bell)、苏丹II(Matheson,Coleman,Bell)、苏丹IV(Matheson,Coleman,Bell)、苏丹橙G(Aldrich)、苏丹橙220(BASF)、Paliogen橙3040(BASF)、Ortho橙OR 2673(PaulUhlich)、Paliogen黄152、1560(BASF)、立索坚牢黄0991K(BASF)、Paliotol黄1840(BASF)、Neopen黄(BASF)、Novoperm黄FG1(Hoechst)、永久黄YE 0305(Paul Uhlich)、Lumogen黄D0790(BASF)、Sunsperse黄YHD 6001(Sun Chemicals)、Suco-GelbL1250(BASF)、Suco-黄D1355(BASF)、Hostaperm粉红E(AmericanHoechst)、Fanal粉红D4830(BASF)、Cinquasia品红(DuPont)、立索猩红D3700(BASF)、甲苯胺红(Aldrich)、用于Thermoplast NSD PS PA的猩红(Ugine Kuhlmann of Canada)、E.D.甲苯胺红(Aldrich)、立索复红调色剂(Paul Uhlich)、立索猩红4440(BASF)、Bon红C(DominionColor Company)、Royal艳红RD-8192(Paul Uhlich)、Oracet粉红RF(Ciba-Geigy)、Paliogen红3871K(BASF)、Paliogen红3340(BASF)和立索坚牢猩红L4300(BASF)。
任选蜡存在的数量可以为粒子的约4wt%-约12wt%。如果存在,蜡的例子包括从Allied Chemical and Petrolite Corporation购得的聚丙烯和聚乙烯、购自Michaelman Inc.和Daniels ProductsCompany的蜡乳液、购自Eastman Chemical Products Inc.的EPOLENE N-15TM、购自Sanyo Kasei K.K.的VISCOL 550-PTM低重均分子量聚丙烯和相似材料。选择的市售聚乙烯的分子量通常为约1,000-约1,500,而用于本发明的调色剂组合物的市售聚丙烯相信分子量为约4,000-约5,000。官能化蜡的例子包括胺、酰胺、酰亚胺、酯、季胺、羧酸或丙烯酸类聚合物乳液,例如JONCRYLTM 74、89、130、537和538,都购自SC Johnson Wax、购自Allied Chemical andPetrolite Corporation和SC Johnson Wax的氯化聚丙烯和聚乙烯。
获得的粒子的平均体积直径为约2-约25微米,优选约3-约15微米,和更优选约5-约7微米。这些粒子可以由物理或化学方法形成。此外,获得的粒子的热内聚小于20%,和更优选小于10%。
本公开内容的另一方面包括通过在结晶树脂再结晶温度约10℃之内,和优选5℃之内的温度下使包括结晶树脂的粒子退火形成粒子。这种退火改进粒子的热内聚和形态。退火调色剂约1小时-约24小时,优选约10小时-约20小时改进热内聚。获得的调色剂的热内聚小于20%,和优选小于10%。
除改进的热内聚以外,退火调色剂提供改进的调色剂形态。特别地,退火调色剂产生具有脊状表面的调色剂。在调色剂表面上的脊状突出是必须的以导致适当的剥离和改进的熔凝范围。
剥离是采用即时方式从熔凝辊剥离图像/衬底。如果含有调色剂的记录介质如纸张粘附到熔凝辊,则它与熔凝辊在高温下接触延长的时间并开始热污损或引起光泽的变化。在差剥离的极端情况下,记录介质将在熔凝辊周围缠绕。良好的剥离也使卡纸的发生最小化。
具有脊状表面的调色剂改进从感光体上清洁残余调色剂。如果调色剂太圆,叶片清洁器不太有效。
提供以下实施例以进一步举例说明本公开内容的各个方面,应注意到这些实施例拟举例说明和不限制本公开内容的范围。
实施例1
采用下表1中列出的2%磺化水平制备一系列结晶均聚酯树脂和结晶共聚酯树脂。最先三种树脂是结晶均聚酯树脂。第一种结晶均聚酯树脂衍生自癸二酸(C10)和乙二醇(C2),第二种树脂衍生自十二烷二酸(C12)和乙二醇(C2),和第三种结晶均聚酯树脂衍生自十二烷二酸(C12)和丁二醇(C4)。第四种结晶共聚酯树脂衍生自癸二酸、十二烷二酸和乙二醇的混合物。本领域技术人员容易认识到均聚酯可以衍生自任何合适的单体。例如,癸二酸可以由富马酸或己二酸代替。
表1:结晶均聚酯树脂和结晶共聚酯树脂
条目 | 树脂 | 熔点(℃)第1次/第2次扫描 | 再结晶(℃) |
1 | C10-C2 | 69.8/68.4 | 44.5 |
2 | C12-C2 | 83/78.7 | 59.6 |
3 | C12-C4 | 70/73 | 52 |
4 | C10/C12(10/90)-C2 | 78.3/75.1 | 59.8 |
5 | C10/C12(15/85)-C2 | 78.5/74.7 | 59.1 |
6 | C10/C12(20/80)-C2 | 73.9/74 | 51 |
7 | C10/C12(25/75)-C2 | 70.6/68 | 52 |
典型地,由于结晶树脂的熔点将随时间改变。因此,报导第二次扫描。
产生包括结晶树脂的一系列超低熔点调色剂。产生的调色剂包括5%青15:3、9%巴西棕榈蜡、选自表1的64.5%支化磺化聚酯树脂和21.5%结晶树脂。支化无定形树脂对结晶树脂的比例是75∶25。将调色剂粒子在70℃下聚结。然后允许调色剂浆料自冷却到室温。
然后使用少油的熔凝器测试调色剂的熔凝性能。其结果在下表2中详细给出。MFT表示最小定影温度。测量调色剂对调色剂(T/T)文件污损和调色剂对纸(T/P)文件污损两者。
表2:超低熔点调色剂
(F-*)描述了与对照调色剂即没有结晶树脂的调色剂相比,在低熔点调色剂的熔凝MFT之间的温度差。
熔凝范围是MFT和热污损温度之间的温度差。显著之处在于熔凝辊变化温度至多40-50℃。因此,需要某些范围使得在熔凝辊温度波动的情况下调色剂不污损。
在其中热内聚大于50%的情况下,使调色剂退火并再次使用少油的熔凝器测量熔凝性能。调色剂I的内聚改进到45%而调色剂V的内聚改进到17%。调色剂退火不影响调色剂性能的任何其它因素。
含有再结晶点为至少50℃的结晶树脂的所有调色剂的文件污损,调色剂对调色剂污损和调色剂对纸污损两者优异。也观察到调色剂内聚的改进。调色剂退火进一步改进热内聚。
衍生自更高熔点结晶树脂的调色剂显示增加的MFT。因此,通过增加调色剂配方中的结晶树脂以降低MFT来优化调色剂V。将支化无定形树脂与结晶树脂的比例从75∶25改变到65∶35的比例,得到调色剂VI。熔凝、文件污损和带电满足如下表3中展示的通用调色剂规格。
由于与无定形树脂相比明显的熔融和低粘度,结晶树脂降低MFT。同样,树脂在室温下非常硬(延伸性),具有高机械强度(即,它不容易如无定形树脂那样断裂)。
实施例2
由于退火改进了实施例1中调色剂的热内聚,在对应于结晶树脂的再结晶温度的温度下使乳液/聚集调色剂退火以增加调色剂的结晶含量和改进调色剂的热内聚。
推理在室温下冷却调色剂引起结晶组分在无定形状态下固化具有低Tg,因此引起差的内聚。因此,相信退火调色剂导致结晶树脂更大的结晶,它在调色剂表面上引起脊。
采用与来自实施例1的调色剂I相同的方式制备包括衍生自癸二酸和乙二醇的结晶树脂的超低熔点调色剂。然后将一部分调色剂立即通过加入冷水容器而骤冷。将剩余的调色剂缓慢冷却到室温。将调色剂以约0.1℃每小时的速率冷却。
根据差示扫描量热计(DSC),与骤冷的调色剂相比,在缓慢冷却的调色剂中观察到更高数量的结晶含量。此外,发现缓慢冷却的调色剂在粒子表面上包含脊。
退火调色剂也极大地改进它的热内聚。骤冷的调色剂的热内聚是大约95%,而发现缓慢冷却的调色剂的热内聚改进到大约38%。
为优化退火时间和温度,使调色剂在35℃、40℃、45℃和50℃下退火1、5和10小时。发现最优的退火温度大于45℃且时间大于或等于10小时。
使再结晶点为约45℃的超低熔点调色剂进行放大退火过夜,即在三个温度,如35℃、45℃和50℃下大约17小时。结果示于下表4。最优的内聚在45℃下达到,它对应于调色剂中结晶树脂的再结晶温度的5℃之内。此外,调色剂具有脊状表面的额外优点。
表4:调色剂退火
样品 | 退火 | 内聚 |
1 | 无 | 77% |
2 | 35℃ | 51% |
3 | 45℃ | 37% |
4 | 50℃ | 58% |
Claims (2)
1.一种形成包括基料的调色剂粒子的方法,包括:
形成包括无定形树脂和结晶树脂的基料,其中结晶树脂的熔点为70℃-85℃、再结晶点为47℃-65℃和玻璃化转变温度为40℃-44℃,和
从基料形成调色剂粒子,和
在再结晶温度的10℃之内和等于或大于结晶树脂的玻璃化转变温度的温度下使调色剂粒子退火。
2.一种形成调色剂粒子的方法,包括:
形成包括基料的调色剂粒子,其中基料包括无定形聚酯树脂和结晶树脂,并且其中结晶树脂的熔点为70℃-85℃、再结晶点为47℃-65℃和玻璃化转变温度为40℃-44℃;和
在再结晶温度的10℃之内和等于或大于结晶树脂的玻璃化转变温度的温度下使调色剂粒子退火。
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US4990424A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1991-02-05 | Xerox Corporation | Toner and developer compositions with semicrystalline polyolefin resin blends |
US5057392A (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1991-10-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Low fusing temperature toner powder of cross-linked crystalline and amorphous polyester blends |
US6413691B2 (en) * | 2000-04-20 | 2002-07-02 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic toner, process for producing the same, electrophotographic developer, and process for forming image |
CN1489002A (zh) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-04-14 | ������������ʽ���� | 静电荷图像显影用调色剂及其制造方法、以及图像形成方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0601393A (pt) | 2006-12-05 |
US7494757B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
EP1705524A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
US7723004B2 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
US20060216626A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
CA2540391C (en) | 2011-02-15 |
JP4994685B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
JP2006276855A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
CA2540391A1 (en) | 2006-09-25 |
US20090123864A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CN1837967A (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
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