CN1826699B - 硅类薄膜太阳能电池 - Google Patents

硅类薄膜太阳能电池 Download PDF

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CN1826699B
CN1826699B CN2004800210593A CN200480021059A CN1826699B CN 1826699 B CN1826699 B CN 1826699B CN 2004800210593 A CN2004800210593 A CN 2004800210593A CN 200480021059 A CN200480021059 A CN 200480021059A CN 1826699 B CN1826699 B CN 1826699B
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泽田彻
小井洋平
佐佐木敏明
吉见雅士
后藤雅博
山本宪治
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Abstract

本发明提供一种硅类薄膜太阳能电池,该电池是,通过不使用与光电转换层的形成不同种的设备将具有比光电转换层的折射率低的层设置在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位,可以发挥充分的吸光效果,且即使设置了具有这样低的折射率的层也可以保持太阳能电池的串联电阻为小的电阻的、高效率且低成本的硅类薄膜太阳能电池。

Description

硅类薄膜太阳能电池
技术领域
本发明涉及硅类薄膜太阳能电池,特别地,涉及通过在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位设置比光电转换层的折射率小的层,从而发挥吸光效果的薄膜太阳能电池。
背景技术
近年来,薄膜太阳能电池也开始多样化,除以往的非晶体薄膜太阳能电池以外,还开发出晶体薄膜太阳能电池,将它们叠层的混合薄膜太阳能电池也被实用化。
薄膜太阳能电池一般含有在基板上依次叠层的第1电极、1个或1个以上的半导体薄膜光电转换单元、以及第2电极。并且,一个光电转换单元含有用p型层和n型层夹层的i型层。
i型层实质上是本征半导体层,占光电转换单元厚度的大部分,光电转换作用主要在该i型层内发生。因此,该i型层通常被称为i型光电转换层或简单地称为光电转换层。光电转换层并不限于本征半导体层,在被掺杂的杂质吸收的光的损失不成为问题的范围,也可以是微量地掺杂到p型或n型中的层。为进行光吸收,光电转换层优选厚者,但如果制成必要以上的厚度,其用于制膜的成本和时间会增大。
另一方面,p型或n型的导电型层在光电转换单元内发挥产生扩散电位的作用,作为薄膜太阳能电池的重要特性之一的开放电压的值被该扩散电位的大小左右。但是,这些导电型层是不会直接有助于光电转换的非活性层,被掺杂在导电型层中的杂质吸收的光成为无助于发电的损失。因此,p型和n型的导电型层如果在可以产生充分的扩散电位的范围内,优选控制在尽量小的厚度。
这里,如上所述的pin(nip)型的光电转换单元或薄膜太阳能电池,其中所含的p型和n型的导电型层不论是非晶体还是晶体,占据其主要部的光电转换层是非晶体的则称为非晶体单元或非晶体薄膜太阳能电池,光电转换层是晶体的则称为晶体单元或晶体薄膜太阳能电池。
作为提高薄膜太阳能电池的转换效率的方法,有叠层2个或2个以上的光电转换单元制成串联型的方法。在该方法中,在薄膜太阳能电池的光入射侧设置包含具有大的带隙的光电转换层的前方单元,在其后方依次设置包含具有小的带隙的光电转换层的后方单元,由此,可以在入射光的广泛的波长范围进行光电转换,由此,可以谋求作为太阳能电池全体的转换效率的提高。在这样的串联型太阳能电池中,特别地,将叠层了非晶体光电转换单元和晶体光电转换单元的电池称为混合薄膜太阳能电池。
i型非晶体硅能够进行光电转换的光的波长在长波长侧,例如直到800nm左右,而i型晶体硅可以将比i型非晶体硅转换的光的波长更长的光,例如直到约1100nm左右的波长的光进行光电转换。但是,由于光吸收系数大的非晶体硅光电转换层会进行光吸收,因此即使是约0.3μm或0.3μm以下的厚度也是充分的,由于光吸收系数小的晶体硅光电转换层也会充分吸收长波长的光,因此优选具有1.5~3μm左右的厚度的。即,晶体光电转换层通常与非晶体光电转换层相比,优选具有5~10倍左右的厚度。
在非晶体硅单层的薄膜太阳能电池中,在前述的混合薄膜太阳能电池中,从提高生产性即低成本化的观点来看,均优选保持尽量小的光电转换层厚度。因此,通常采用利用在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位设置比光电转换层折射率小的层而有效地反射特定波长的光的、所谓的吸光效果的结构。所谓设置在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位是指,连接在光电转换层并设置其背面侧,或在光电转换层的背面设置其他层,是指夹持该层并设置在背面侧。
在特开平2-73672号公报中,公开了从光入射侧依次叠层透光性第1电极、非晶体硅半导体薄膜(以下简单地称为半导体薄膜)、厚度不足1200
Figure 048210593_4
的氧化锌膜、不透光性第2电极(金属电极)的太阳能电池的结构。氧化锌膜具有防止在半导体薄膜和金属电极的界面上产生硅化物而增加吸收损耗的作用。另外,由于氧化锌膜和半导体薄膜之间有折射率差,因此,如果氧化锌膜的厚度限定为不足1200
Figure 048210593_5
,优选限定为300~900
Figure 048210593_6
,则具有提高在半导体薄膜/氧化锌膜界面上的反射率的效果。因此,太阳能电池的短路电流密度提高,并且转换效率提高。但是,由于氧化锌膜是由溅射、喷涂等方法形成的,因此,通常用等离子体CVD法等形成的所谓半导体薄膜必须使用其他设备,会产生花费设备成本,生产节拍变长的问题。另外,特别是在氧化锌膜的形成中使用溅射法时,还会产生可能引起由于对基底半导体薄膜的溅射损伤导致的性能降低的问题。另外,上述的半导体薄膜根据实施例不同,包括p型a-SiC:H膜、无掺杂a-Si:H膜、n型a-Si:H膜。此时,为了在无掺杂a-Si:H膜内产生充分的扩散电位,作为n型a-Si:H膜的厚度,通常需要150~300
Figure 048210593_7
,通过n型a-Si:H膜时的光的吸收损耗不能忽略。
在特开平4-167473号公报中,公开了从光入射侧依次为透明电极/一导电型非晶体半导体层/本征非晶体半导体层/非晶体硅氧氮化物或非晶体氧化硅(下面,记作a-SiON或a-SiO)/金属氧化物层/高反射金属层/基板的结构。但是,没有记载该a-SiON(a-SiO)层是以防止可以在金属氧化物层上形成非晶体半导体层时产生的、由于金属氧化物层的还原引起的吸收损耗的增加为目的而形成的,并利用a-SiON(a-SiO)层和本征非晶体半导体层的折射率差可以进行吸光。具体地,在实施例中,由于将a-SiON(a-SiO)层的厚度设定为薄至200,因此不能期待充分的吸光效果
在特开平6-267868号公报中,公开了含有硅的微结晶相的a-SiO的成膜方法,该成膜方法的特征是,通过CO2/(SiH4+CO2)的值为0.6或0.6以下的原料气体的分解来进行。并记载了该膜显示出10-6S/cm或10-6S/cm以上的高光导电率和低吸收系数,适于非晶体硅类太阳能电池的窗层。但是,关于得到的膜的折射率没有记载,另外,也没有记载可以将该膜设置在从光入射侧观察时位于太阳能电池的光电转换层后方的部位。本发明者们以上述文献中得到的发现为基础,研究了在pin型硅类薄膜太阳能电池的n型层上,使用通过将SiH4、CO2、H2以及PH3用于反应气体的高频率等离子体CVD法制成的硅氧化物层。其结果发现,通过将硅氧化物层设置在光电转换层的后方,通过增大CO2/SiH4比等方法,只要增加层中氧量,增大与光电转换层的折射率的差,则可以发挥出吸光效果并增大太阳能电池的短路电流。但是,如果只使用硅氧化物作为n型层,则存在太阳能电池的串联电阻增大,转换效率降低的问题。认为这起因于硅氧化物和作为背面电极的一部分的ZnO等金属氧化物层的接触电阻。
如上所述,在以往的技术中,以硅氧化物为代表的硅类低折射层和背面电极之间产生的接触电阻一起考虑的太阳能电池的串联电阻问题未能解决。
发明内容
鉴于上述的情况,本发明的目的在于,提供不使用与光电转换层的形成不同种类的设备将具有比光电转换层的折射率低的层设置在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位,由此,可以发挥充分的吸光效果,且即使设置了具有这样低的折射率的层也可以保持太阳能电池的串联电阻为小的电阻的、高效率且低成本的硅类薄膜太阳能电池。
本发明涉及硅类薄膜太阳能电池,该硅类薄膜太阳能电池的特征在于,在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位依次设置硅类低折射率层、硅类界面层。
硅类低折射率层是在光电转换层内发挥产生扩散电位的作用、并由杂质掺杂到p型或n型中的层。由于硅类低折射率层在其表面上将光有效地反射至光电转换层侧,并保持在该层中的光的吸收损耗尽可能地小,因此,优选在波长600nm下的折射率为2.5或2.5以下、且其厚度为300
Figure 048210593_9
或300以上。硅类低折射率层是以硅氧化物为代表的含有硅和氧等元素的合金层,除硅以外该层中含量最多的构成元素所占的比例优选25原子%或25原子%以上,另外,优选用与光电转换层相同种类的制法,即高频率等离子体CVD等方法形成。为减少该层本身的厚度方向的电阻,硅类低折射率层优选在该层中含有晶体硅成分。
硅类界面层是以硅为主要成分的导电型层。由于硅类界面层不必有助于光电转换层内的扩散电位的产生,因此,为保持在该层的光吸收损耗尽量小,厚度优选150或150
Figure 048210593_12
以下,更为优选将其厚度设置为100
Figure 048210593_13
或100
Figure 048210593_14
以下。另外,为保持与背面电极的接触电阻小,优选在该层中含有晶体硅成分。
本发明者们为解决将硅类低折射率层设置在光电转换层的后方时产生的、太阳能电池的串联电阻增大的问题,深入地研究了最合适的太阳能电池的结构。其结果发现,通过在硅类低折射率层的后方设置薄的硅类界面层,改善与设置在其后方的含有金属氧化物层的背面电极层的接触电阻,可以减少太阳能电池的串联电阻,改善转换效率。
在本发明中可以认为,设置在硅类低折射率层和背面电极层之间的硅类界面层,硅类低折射率层、背面电极层的任何一个都具有小的接触电阻,其结果,减小了太阳能电池的串联电阻。特别地,如图1所示,使用硅氧化物作为硅类低折射率层,增加该层中氧量并使折射率降低到2.5或2.5以下时,降低硅类低折射率层和背面电极层的接触电阻是困难的,但这样的问题也可以通过插入硅类界面层来解决。因此,可以将硅类低折射率层设计为最适合吸光的厚度和折射率。而且,由于硅类低折射率层的折射率仅通过改变制膜条件就可以容易地调整,因此可以期待通过将折射率在膜厚方向上周期性地变化等更为精细的光学设计引起的吸光效果的增大。
下面,参照图2,说明作为本发明的实施方案的硅类薄膜太阳能电池。
在透光性基板1上形成透明电极层2。作为透光性基板1可以使用含有玻璃、透明树脂等的板状材料或片状材料。透明电极层2优选含有SnO2、ZnO等导电性金属氧化物,并且优选使用CVD、溅射、蒸镀等方法形成。透明电极层2优选通过在其表面具有微细的凹凸,而具有增大入射光的散射的效果。在透明电极层2上形成非晶体光电转换单元3。非晶体光电转换单元3包括非晶体p型硅碳化物层3p、无掺杂非晶体i型硅光电转换层3i、n型硅类界面层3n。在非晶体光电转换单元3上形成晶体光电转换单元4。在非晶体光电转换单元3、以及晶体光电转换单元4(以下、将这两种单元简单地统称为光电转换单元)的形成中,高频率等离子体CVD法是合适的。作为光电转换单元的形成条件,优选使用基板温度100~300℃、压力30~1500Pa、高频功率密度0.01~0.5W/cm2。作为在光电转换单元形成中使用的原料气体,可以使用SiH4、Si2H6等含有硅的气体、或这些气体和H2混合的气体。作为用于形成光电转换单元中的p型或n型层的掺杂剂气体优选使用B2H6或PH3等。
晶体光电转换单元4包括晶体p型硅层4p、晶体i型硅光电转换层4i、n型硅类低折射率层4on、以及n型硅类界面层4n。作为n型硅类低折射率层4on可以代表性地使用硅氧化物,作为此时使用的原料气体,SiH4、H2、CO2、PH3的混合气体是合适的。在硅类低折射率层4on中可以含有晶体硅成分,也可以不含有晶体硅成分。作为硅类低折射率层4on在波长600nm下的折射率优选使用2.5或2.5以下。作为硅类低折射率层4on中的除硅以外层中含量最多的构成元素所占的比例,优选使用25原子%或25原子%以上。硅类低折射率层4on的厚度优选使用300
Figure 048210593_15
或300
Figure 048210593_16
以上,更为优选使用500~900
Figure 048210593_17
。使用硅氧化物作为硅类低折射率层4on时,为实现层中的氧占据的比例、或该折射率,作为CO2/SiH4气体比可以使用2~10左右。硅类低折射率层4on可以是在膜厚方向上折射率为一定的,也可以是在中途折射率变化的。另外,还可以是折射率周期性增减的。另外,在图2中,示出了在从光入射侧观察的晶体i型硅光电转换层4i的后方,连接晶体i型硅光电转换层4i并设置n型硅类低折射率层4on的结构,但在晶体i型硅光电转换层4i和n型硅类低折射率层4on之间还可以夹持设置n型硅层等其他层。另外,作为硅类低折射率层4on也可以是以在硅上含有氮、碳、氧中的任意1种或1种以上的元素的硅氮化物、硅碳化物、硅氧氮化物、硅氧碳化物等取代硅氧化物的层。
在n型硅类低折射率层4on上形成n型硅类界面层4n。在n型硅类界面层4n中主要使用晶体硅。n型硅类界面层4n是以改善n型硅类低折射率层4on和背面电极5的接触电阻为目的而使用的,为将在该层中的光吸收损耗控制为最小限度,优选具有尽量小的厚度。具体地,可以使用150或150
Figure 048210593_19
以下,更为优选100或100
Figure 048210593_21
以下的厚度。另外,可以在n型硅类界面层4n中使用具有1~102S/cm左右的导电率的物质。在n型硅类界面层4n中,也可以在不使与背面电极5的接触电阻增大的程度上含有氧、碳、氮中的任意一种或一种以上的元素。
在n型硅类界面层4n上形成背面电极5。背面电极5包括透明反射层5t和背面反射层5m。在透明反射层5t中可以使用ZnO、ITO等金属氧化物,在背面反射层5m中优选使用Ag、Al或它们的合金。在背面电极5的形成中,优选使用溅射、蒸镀等方法。另外,图2中记载了混合薄膜太阳能电池的结构,但光电转换单元4不必一定是2个,也可以是非晶体或晶体的单个结构、3层或3层以上的叠层型太阳能电池结构。另外,图2示出了在透光性基板上依次设置光电转换层、硅类低折射率层、n型硅类界面层的结构,但也可以是在金属等的导电性基板上或绝缘基板上依次叠层n型硅类界面层、硅类低折射率层、光电转换层的所谓的逆型结构。
另外,本发明符合政府委托研究的成果涉及的专利申请(接受日本国、平成15年度新能源·产业技术综合开发机构「太阳光发电技术研究开发委托事业」、产业活力再生特别措施法第30条的应用)。
附图说明
图1是表示硅类低折射率层的层中氧量和折射率的关系的图。
图2是本发明涉及的含有硅类低折射率层的薄膜太阳能电池的模式断面图。
图3是各实施例以及比较例中制作的混合薄膜太阳能电池的模式断面图。
图4是表示从将实施例1以及比较例1中制作的太阳能电池的背面电极蚀刻除去而露出的表面入射光测定的反射光谱的图。
图5是表示硅类低折射率层的折射率和混合薄膜太阳能电池的转换效率的关系的图。
图6是表示硅类低折射率层的厚度和混合薄膜太阳能电池的转换效率的关系的图。
图7是由在实施例1中得到的本发明的硅类薄膜太阳能电池的透过型电子显微镜(TEM)照片得到的放大断面图。
实施发明的最佳方案
下面,作为本发明涉及的硅类薄膜太阳能电池,参照图3,与比较例1和2比较来说明实施例1、2和3。
(实施例1)
图3是模式地示出各实施例以及比较例中制作的混合薄膜太阳能电池的断面图。
首先,在含有0.7mm厚的蓝色板玻璃的透光性基板1的一主面上通过热CVD法形成在含有SnO2的表面上具有微细的凹凸结构的透明电极层2。
然后,为形成非晶体光电转换单元3,将形成了透明电极层2的透光性基板1导入高频率等离子体CVD装置内,加热到规定温度后,依次叠层厚度为160的非晶体p型硅碳化物层3p、厚度为3000的无掺杂非晶体i型硅光电转换层3i以及厚度为300
Figure 048210593_24
的n型硅层3n。
另外,为形成晶体光电转换单元4,使用等离子体CVD装置,依次叠层厚度为150
Figure 048210593_25
的p型晶体硅层4p、厚度为1.4μm的晶体i型硅光电转换层4i、厚度为600的n型硅类低折射率层4on以及厚度为50~70
Figure 048210593_27
的n型晶体硅类界面层4n。此时的n型硅类低折射率层4on的制膜条件为:基板制膜面-电极之间距离为10~15mm、压力为350~1300Pa、高频率功率密度0.1~0.13W/cm2、SiH4/CO2/PH3/H2流量分别设置为15/120/0.5/9000sccm。另外,通过分光椭圆偏振计(分光エリプソメトリ)测定与此相同的制膜条件下淀积在玻璃上的2500
Figure 048210593_28
的n型硅低折射率层的折射率,在波长600nm下为1.9。另一方面,n型硅类界面层4n的制膜条件为:基板制膜面-电极之间距离为10~15mm、压力为350~1300Pa、高频率功率密度0.11W/cm2、将SiH4/PH3/H2流量分别设置为20/0.5/2500sccm。另外,在与此相同的制膜条件下淀积在玻璃上的2500的n型硅类界面层的导电率为12S/cm。
然后,作为背面电极5,通过DC溅射法形成厚度为300
Figure 048210593_30
的含有ZnO的透明反射层(未图示)和厚度为2000
Figure 048210593_31
的含有Ag的背面反射层(未图示)。
另外,为残留透明电极层2并将非晶体光电转换单元3、晶体光电转换单元4、以及背面电极5分离为岛状,通过将YAG第2高谐波脉冲激光照射到透光性基板1上,形成多个背面电极层分离槽5a。虽然未图示,但还形成了与背面电极层分离槽5a垂直交差的多个背面电极分离槽,由此,形成岛状的分离区域。另外,与1根背面电极层分离槽5a邻接并在岛状的分离区域的外侧再形成背面电极层分离槽,在其内部浸透焊锡,形成与透明电极层2的接触区域6,由此制作混合薄膜太阳能电池。该混合薄膜太阳能电池的有效面积为1cm2,在实施例1中,在1片基板上总共制作25个上述太阳能电池。
在测定氛围气体以及太阳能电池的温度为25±1℃下,向由实施例1制作的混合薄膜太阳能电池照射光谱分布为AM1.5、能量密度为100mW/cm2的模拟太阳光,通过测定通过接触区域6而接触在透明电极层2上的正极探测器7和接触在背面电极5上的负极探测器8之间的电压以及电流,测定薄膜太阳能电池的输出特性。表1示出了实施例1中制作的25个混合薄膜太阳能电池的平均性能。
将太阳能电池的一部分浸渍在硝酸水溶液中,蚀刻除去背面电极5露出n型硅类界面层4n。在该状态下,从n型硅类界面层4n侧照射光而测定的反射光谱示于图4。接着,通过反应性离子蚀刻(RIE)法除去n型硅类界面层4n,露出n型硅类低折射率层4on。通过分光椭圆偏振光计测定该硅类低折射率层时的折射率在波长600nm下为1.93。另外,用X射线光电子分光光谱法(XPS)测定的硅类低折射率层中的氧量为48原子%。
(实施例2)
在实施例2中,实施与实施例1几乎同样的工序,但在仅改变n型硅类低折射率层4on的制膜条件、将波长600nm下的折射率在1.65~2.65的范围变化这一点上与实施例1不同。硅类低折射率层的折射率和混合薄膜太阳能电池的转换效率的关系示于图5。
(实施例3)
在实施例3中,实施与实施例1几乎同样的工序,但在将n型硅类低折射率层4on的厚度在100~1000
Figure 048210593_32
的范围变化这一点上与实施例1不同。硅类低折射率层的厚度和得到的混合薄膜太阳能电池的转换效率的关系示于图6。
(比较例1)
比较例1中,仅以下几点与实施例1不同。依次叠层厚度为150的n型晶体硅层和厚度为600的ZnO层,代替依次叠层n型硅类低折射率层4on和n型晶体硅类界面层4n。ZnO层的制膜通过DC溅射法进行。另外,通过分光椭圆偏振光计测定与此相同的制膜条件下淀积在玻璃上的2500的ZnO层的折射率,在波长600nm下为1.9。表1示出了比较例1中制作的25个混合薄膜太阳能电池的平均性能。另外,将由比较例1制作的太阳能电池的一部分浸渍在硝酸水溶液中,蚀刻除去背面电极5,露出n型晶体硅层。在该状态下从n型晶体硅层侧照射光测定的反射光谱示于图4。
表1
晶体光电转换单元的构成(仅示出p型晶体Si层上面的层)   平均太阳能电池性能
  开放电压(V)     短路电流(mA)  曲线因子   转换效率(%)
实施例1 i型晶体Si层/n型硅类低折射率层/n型硅类界面层/ZnO层 1.375 11.86 0.725 11.82
比较例1 i型晶体Si层/n型硅层/ZnO层 1.374 11.39 0.739 11.57
比较例2 i型晶体Si层/n型硅类低折射率层/ZnO层 1.378 11.74 0.696 11.26
(比较例2)
在比较例2中,仅省略n型硅类低折射率层4on上的n型硅类界面层4n的形成这一点与实施例1不同。表1示出了在比较例2中制作的25个集成化混合薄膜太阳能电池的平均性能。
从实施例1和比较例1的比较可知,在实施例1中,与比较例1相比,短路电流改善4%或4%以上。这是由于,在实施例1中,到达晶体i型硅光电转换层4i的后方的光的大半部分在晶体i型硅光电转换层4i和n型硅类低折射率层4on的界面上反射至晶体i型硅光电转换层4i侧,相对于通过光吸收损耗大的n型晶体硅类界面层4n的光的比例小,在比较例1中,在晶体i型硅光电转换层4i的后方依次叠层n型晶体硅层和ZnO层,通过光吸收损耗大的n型晶体硅层的光的比例大。除此以外,还由于,在实施例1中,可以防止在比较例1的工艺中产生的ZnO层的溅射时对基底晶体硅层的损伤。
接着,通过实施例1和比较例2的比较可知,在实施例1中,与比较例2相比,曲线因子改善了5%左右。这是由于,在实施例1中,通过在n型硅类低折射率层4on和透明反射层5t之间插入n型晶体硅类界面层4n,可以改善太阳能电池的串联电阻。
从图4所示的、从与太阳能电池特性测定时的光入射侧相反的方向照射光测定的反射光谱的测定结果可知,如果蚀刻除去背面电极5,可以检测出是否在晶体i型硅光电转换层4i的后方设置了比其折射率小的硅类低折射率层4on。
从图5所示的实施例2的结果可知,硅类低折射率层的折射率具有最适值,折射率优选2.5或2.5以下。可知该条件对应于图1的层中氧量为25原子%或25原子%以上。这是由于,折射率超过2.5时,与邻接的晶体i型硅光电转换层的折射率差小,吸光效果变小。另外,从图6所示的实施例3的结果可知,硅类低折射率层的厚度具有最适值,厚度优选300或300以上。
由以上可知,按照本发明,不需使用与光电转换层的形成不同种类的设备,在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位形成具有比光电转换层更低的折射率的硅类低折射率层,因此可以低成本地发挥充分的吸光效果。另外,通过在硅类低折射率层的后方设置薄的硅类界面层,可以将太阳能电池的串联电阻保持为小的水平。其结果,可以高效率且低成本地提供硅类薄膜太阳能电池。
工业实用性
由以上可知,按照本发明,不需使用与光电转换层的形成不同种类的设备,在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位形成具有比光电转换层更低的折射率的硅类低折射率层,因此可以低成本地发挥充分的吸光效果。另外,通过在硅类低折射率层的后方设置薄的硅类界面层,可以将太阳能电池的串联电阻保持为小的水平。其结果,可以高效率且低成本地提供硅类薄膜太阳能电池。

Claims (5)

1.一种硅类薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,在从光入射侧观察时位于光电转换层后方的部位依次设置相互接触的导电型硅类低折射率层、硅类界面层和背面电极,且上述硅类低折射率层在波长600nm处的折射率为2.5或2.5以下,其中上述硅类低折射率层的厚度为
Figure FA20189780200480021059301C00011
以上,且上述硅类低折射率层在其层中含有晶体硅成分。
2.按照权利要求1中记载的硅类薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,上述硅类低折射率层中,除硅以外含量最多的构成元素所占的比率为25原子%或25原子%以上。
3.按照权利要求2中记载的硅类薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,上述含量最多的构成元素为氧。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任意一项记载的硅类薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,上述硅类界面层的厚度为
Figure FA20189780200480021059301C00013
Figure FA20189780200480021059301C00014
以下。
5.按照权利要求4中记载的硅类薄膜太阳能电池,其特征在于,上述硅类界面层在其层中含有晶体硅成分。
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