CN1812730B - 手套的立体花纹表面涂层和制备方法 - Google Patents
手套的立体花纹表面涂层和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1812730B CN1812730B CN2004800184796A CN200480018479A CN1812730B CN 1812730 B CN1812730 B CN 1812730B CN 2004800184796 A CN2004800184796 A CN 2004800184796A CN 200480018479 A CN200480018479 A CN 200480018479A CN 1812730 B CN1812730 B CN 1812730B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- latex
- gloves
- skin
- layer
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Images
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- Textile Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
根据本发明的原理,提供了一种具有立体花纹表面或立体花纹泡沫涂层的手套,其制备是通过将一层离散颗粒,例如盐嵌入到预先形成的液体层中,将该层胶凝或固化并溶解离散颗粒,从而留下立体花纹或立体花纹发泡表面。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种具有立体花纹(textured)表面的手套和这种手套的制备方法。
发明背景
无支撑的手套是通过将形状象手状的手套模型(former)浸泡在液态胶乳和混合化学物质的罐中制得的。该胶乳可以含有可用于固化橡胶的硬化剂,并制得一种干燥橡胶薄膜。这些模型首先预涂布有凝结剂以将该胶乳胶凝便于接下来从该模型上取下手套。预涂布的模型然后浸泡在制备手套所需的化学物质的罐中。尽管仍然在模型上,但是这些胶乳手套还经过一次或多次冲洗以浸出蛋白质和剩余化学物质。将该湿凝胶在加热炉中干燥和固化,并且胶乳手套固化于模型上,之后将它们从模型上反转剥离下来、包装、和/或灭菌。剥离的手套的内表面光滑并且手套的外表面呈现得自手套模型的质地的压痕。
有支撑的手套是通过浸涂套在手套模型上的支撑衬里制得的。手套内面可以由编织材料、非机织织物或其它合适的材料制得的。在加热炉中干燥和固化之后从模型上取下手套但是不反转,因此由胶乳浸涂过程获得手套的光滑外表面。另外,有支撑的手套可以通过用一层发泡胶乳材料浸涂该支撑衬里制得。现有的手套用不均匀涂敷的发泡胶乳材料浸涂提供质地,但是该表面在加热和固化过程中变平,留下具有光滑表面层的关闭孔格表面结构。
胶乳的光滑层带来穿戴者抓握物体的能力方面的问题,特别是湿的时候。现有技术包括使用具有经设计以提高穿戴者抓握力的压花图案的模型制得的无支撑的手套。这些图案给最终手套产品带来了外观,然而,它们对提高抓握的作用太小并且主要是美学上的。此外,现有技术显示通过洗涤除去胶乳中过量的表面活性剂的手套后处理可微弱 地提高湿握力。另外,通过卤素例如氯的表面处理,不仅除去了表面活性剂,而且化学改性了胶乳表面。该表面处理提供了更高化学耐性的表面,从而延迟了化学吸收的速度并且可能延迟了材料降解,使得微弱提高了湿握力。在有支撑的手套中,任选含有橡胶或无机填料的聚合物胶乳的外涂层可以略微提高抓握力。这些过程也增加了手套的加工成本并且可能需要另外的机械。
在现有的光滑胶乳在手套内面的手套中,光滑表面与皮肤紧密接触并且不能吸汗。这样给穿戴者的手以湿冷感觉。现有技术已在无支撑的手套内面包括棉絮以有助于吸汗,然而棉絮仅吸收少量的汗。
具有关闭孔格表面层的泡沫材料对手套内空气循环的帮助特别小,但是可以吸汗。同样,在无支撑的或有支撑的手套的外面的泡沫材料具有关闭孔格表面层,该层几乎不能提高抓握湿滑物体的能力。
因此希望具有一种具有立体花纹表面涂层的手套,它易于在正常手套加工过程中生产。当将该层加入到手套外面时,这类手套将提高抓握力,例如湿/油抓握力。当包括在手套的内面时,立体花纹表面将提高吸汗并降低皮肤直接接触的程度,由此减少了相对皮肤的湿冷感觉。因此希望具有一种具有立体花纹表面的、具有开放孔格结构的泡沫材料层。
发明内容
根据本发明的原理,提供了一种具有立体花纹表面涂层的手套,其制备是通过将一层离散颗粒,例如食盐嵌入到浸泡胶乳薄膜的液体表面中,将该浸泡胶乳层胶凝或干燥,溶解掉离散颗粒,从而留下立体花纹表面,之后浸出、干燥和固化并且最后从模型上取下手套。在一个实施方式中,本发明可以在手套外面提供一种立体花纹表面涂层从而改善湿握力,在手套内面提供一种立体花纹表面涂层从而改善舒适度,或者二者。在另一实施方式中,本发明也可以提供一种立体花纹表面,它是通过如下制得的:将一泡沫材料涂敷到机织、针织或其它基质层上,将一层离散颗粒嵌入到液体泡沫材料层中,处理该泡沫层和将嵌入的离散颗粒溶解。在另一实施方式中,本发明还提供了一 种可制备具有立体花纹表面涂层或开放孔格发泡表面涂层的手套的方法。
附图简述
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式制备的手套中的立体花纹表面涂层的平面图的照片。
图2是在SOLVEX 37-676腈手套中的表面的平面图的照片。
图3描述了根据本发明的一个实施方式制得的具有立体花纹表面层作为第二层的两层手套的横截面图。
图4描述了单层SOLVEX 37-676腈手套的横截面图。
详述
本发明涉及一种手套,它具有由将离散颗粒嵌入到未胶凝的胶乳层中生产的非发泡胶乳或发泡胶乳制得的立体花纹表面涂层。该胶乳层理想地与离散颗粒接触时胶凝。该过程是通过干燥和固化手套实现的。在胶凝或固化之后通过将这些颗粒溶解在合适溶剂中可以从层中去除离散颗粒。该过程留下嵌入离散颗粒处的压痕,获得可以改善抓握力、手套内的空气循环的立体花纹表面涂层,并且与皮肤的直接接触较小和一定程度的吸汗作用。例如,本发明的立体花纹手套改进了湿/油抓握力。可以使用泡沫材料代替非发泡胶乳产生立体花纹表面层,提供更好的抓握力、更高的吸汗和柔韧的绝缘层。
所用的离散颗粒包括但不限于各种盐,包括氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化锌、硝酸钙、硝酸锌或其它可溶性化合物例如糖(蔗糖)。优选基本上溶解在溶剂例如水中的盐。优选的盐是氯化钠。氯化钠具有如下几个优点:便宜,易于获得、容易处理和回收或重新使用。一种有用的工业氯化钠制品,99%纯度,可以从BSS InternationalLtd.,Peterborough,England获得。有用的平均粒径可以在约50微米-约6000微米的范围内。优选的平均粒径范围是约50微米-约2000微米。尽管所有这些盐都可用于提供类似的物理立体花纹外观,但是氯化物盐在湿/油抓握力和本发明的立体花纹表面的化学耐性方面提供明显的改进。
盐,例如氯化钠,与用于本发明的液态胶乳接触,立即使胶乳去稳定形成湿凝胶,并因此在橡胶的表面“定格”盐颗粒的形状。当除去盐时产生表面质地。该表面质地是盐颗粒的反向图像。
所需质地可以通过选择离散颗粒来控制。例如,树枝状盐由于是多点结晶因此将产生多面压痕。由所选的颗粒也将获得不同的压痕大小。压碎盐将产生不同大小的压痕,而非常细的食盐颗粒将产生致密、更均匀分布的小压痕。可以使用粒径的混合物或组合。用于溶解掉离散颗粒的溶剂将取决于这些颗粒的溶解度,并且可以是水、酸或碱性化合物。
根据本发明的实施方式,可以使用各种不同技术生产手套。根据一个优选实施方式,可以在连续、快速并且一致地制备大量手套的批量生产线上生产手套。这种技术运送和操作多个手套模型通过一系列化学溶液和加工步骤从而制备手套。模型由瓷、钢或塑料制成。根据标准加工方法,可以在从一个位置运送到下一个位置的模型上直接生产手套。例如,将模型浸泡在表面活性剂、蜡、凝结剂和天然或合成弹性体中获得所需特性的层。该技术可以改变组成、涂敷顺序、涂敷构成手套的层的组分的方法。
手套可以由在不同物质中的多次浸泡制成。例如,最初将模型浸泡在无粉末的释放剂和凝结剂的组合物中。释放剂和凝结剂浸渍提供释放材料用于接下来从模型上取下成品手套。此外,凝结剂材料将使接下来的液体层例如胶乳型弹性体去稳定。
在应用释放剂/凝结剂浸渍之后,优选将模型运送到向模型涂敷层压层的生产线的下一站。层压层可以由胶乳弹性体浸渍液,例如天然或合成橡胶胶乳例如聚氨酯、腈或聚氯丁二烯构成。例如,可以使用胶乳的各种组合和混合物。本发明的胶乳任选可以经发泡。一种有用的腈胶乳是REVENEX 99G43(Synthomer Ltd.,United Kingdom)。通过改变胶乳材料的选择和组成,可以改变层压层来提供不同程度的强度、舒适度、柔性和化学耐性。在任何情况下,涂敷到模型上的胶乳的内含物优选经过调整以提供对抗切割和磨损的保护作用、液体排斥和化学耐性。
在涂敷层压层之后,如果涂敷另一层压层的话,可以应用第二凝结剂浸渍液。可以加入附加的凝结剂浸渍液和层压层达到所需程度的厚度和柔性。在涂敷一或多层层压层之后,模型优选通过高温炉来干燥和固化并提供最终产品。然后手工或者通过自动技术取下手套。
根据上述的基本上自动的批量生产技术,可以根据本发明加入大量的变化来提供附加的或不同的所需层压特性。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,模型经过浸泡形成第一胶乳层。该第一胶乳层然后经胶凝并将模型再次浸泡形成第二层未胶凝的胶乳。第二层的发泡或非发泡胶乳乳液的粘度可以在约100cps-约2000cps(Brookfield)的范围内。然后通过将模型浸泡在离散颗粒的流化床或者嵌入离散颗粒的其它机械方式例如喷雾将离散颗粒应用到未胶凝的第二层胶乳上。流化床法使用盐颗粒(NaCl)在气流中的悬浮物使得这些颗粒的行为方式与液体类似。在应用离散颗粒之后或者在将手套胶凝或固化之后,通过用适宜溶剂溶解来除去离散颗粒以在手套的基本上整个表面上留下立体花纹表面涂层。例如,通过用水洗涤或者喷雾可以除去胶凝表面上的盐粒。胶乳的粘度是一个可以改变以获得所需立体花纹效果的参数。立体花纹非发泡层提供最佳耐用性和湿/油抓握力组合。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,模型浸泡在多个胶乳层中并在每一层之后胶凝直到获得所需数量的层。然后将模型再一次浸泡在胶乳中并通过将模型浸泡在离散颗粒的流化床中或者通过嵌入离散颗粒的其它机械方式例如喷雾来将离散颗粒应用到该最外未胶凝胶乳层中。在手套胶凝或固化之后用适宜溶剂将离散颗粒溶解从而留下立体花纹表面涂层。立体花纹非发泡层提供最佳耐用性和湿/油抓握力组合。
在本发明的再一实施方式中,将模型浸泡形成第一胶乳层。第一胶乳层然后经胶凝并将该模型第二次浸泡在发泡材料中形成第二层。然后通过将模型浸泡在离散颗粒的流化床中或者通过其它机械方式例如喷雾来将离散颗粒应用到发泡材料的未胶凝层上,如图3所示。在手套加工之后用适宜溶剂将离散颗粒溶解从而留下立体花纹表面涂层。由于离散颗粒胶凝泡沫并因此捕获孔格结构,因此该过程产生保留开放孔格结构的立体花纹表面泡沫层涂层。另外,在通过适宜溶剂除去离散颗粒之后,在表面层中捕获离散颗粒的反向图像,因此留下立体花纹表面层。
在另一实施方式中,根据本发明的原理可以制备单一立体花纹层。即,在制备第二立体花纹层之前没有制备第一或层压层。在该实施方式中,将非发泡或发泡层涂敷于模型上。然后通过将模型浸泡在离散颗粒的流化床中或者通过其它机械方式例如喷雾来将离散颗粒应用到非发泡或发泡材料的未胶凝层上。在手套加工之后用适宜溶剂将离散颗粒溶解从而留下立体花纹表面涂层。
本发明的另一实施方式包括一片非胶乳材料,它具有通过在胶乳外浸涂(overdip)外层中嵌入离散颗粒制得的立体花纹表面涂层。就该实施方式而言,模型将具有作为载体涂敷的非胶乳材料层,例如机织材料或棉絮,并浸泡在发泡或非发泡胶乳层中。一个有用的机织材料的实例是针织衬里。然后通过将模型浸泡在离散颗粒的流化床中或者通过嵌入离散颗粒的其它机械方式例如喷雾来将离散颗粒应用到泡沫材料层上。然后将该片材料胶凝或固化并用适宜溶剂溶解离散颗粒从而留下立体花纹表面涂层。然后可将该材料切开并将碎片缝合到不同手套部分从而提供提高的抓握力或吸汗。在有支撑的手套的实施方式中,在针织衬里上制成胶乳涂层,可以对第一或接下来的胶乳层进行立体花纹。
就无支撑的手套的内衬而言,通过使用面对皮肤的立体花纹表面可以制备传统棉絮的替代物。在这种情况下可以通过将该质地应用到发泡胶乳上提供软的立体花纹表面。通过立体花纹非发泡胶乳也可以获得柔软感觉,但是优选较软的低级丙烯腈(″AN″)聚合物作为非发泡胶乳。发泡胶乳的立体花纹表面通过泡沫结构以及提供与皮肤的低表面接触面积来提供吸汗。提高了空气循环,与光滑橡胶相比,赋予降低了的对皮肤的湿冷感觉。
可以将添加剂,例如增稠剂、促进剂、硬化剂或固化剂用于本发 明的立体花纹表面涂层的不同实施方式中。有用的增稠剂包括但不限于,聚丙烯酸铵、甲基纤维素和聚乙烯醇。有用的促进剂包括但不限于,二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(″ZDEC″)、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(″ZDBC″)、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(″ZDMC″)、丁基乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌(″ZBED″)、巯基苯并噻唑锌(″ZMBT″)、巯基苯并噻唑(″MBT″)和二苯胍(″DPG″)。其它有用的硬化剂和添加剂包括,例如,硫磺和氧化锌。发泡和起泡剂可用于本发明的立体花纹表面涂层的各个实施方式中。可以使用有助于形成凝胶并且控制网纹(webbing)的传统加工助剂。其它有用的工业添加剂包括氨水、湿润剂、表面活性剂和抗网纹剂。一种有用的湿润剂是TRITON X-100,可从Union Carbide Ltd.,U.S.A.获得。一种有用的抗网纹剂是DEFOAMER 1512M,可从HerculesLtd.,Wilmington,Delaware获得。
在胶乳技术中,组分的量以重量份/100重量份橡胶(″phr″)计。在本发明的实施方式中,促进剂可以在约0.5phr-约1.5phr的范围内单个或者以份数总和优选不应超过该范围的组合使用。现在以如下实施例进一步描述一个优选实施方式。
实施例1:步骤1.制备如下的凝结剂溶液:
硝酸钙,水溶液浓度35%体积
TRITON X 100约0.1%体积
DEFOAMER 1512M约0.5%体积
将该凝结剂溶液加热至30-40℃。通过浸泡在该粘结剂溶液中将一个清洁瓷手套模型的整个表面均匀涂布。浸泡速度是约1.5cm/sec,停留时间是5-10sec,并且浸提(extraction)速度是约0.75cm/sec。
步骤2.将涂布凝结剂的模型颠倒至手指向上位置并在暖温气流(30-40℃)中干燥2-2.5分钟。
步骤3.将该干燥的涂布了凝结剂的模型再次颠倒至手指向下位置并浸泡在腈胶乳化合物中:
REVENEX 99G43 100phr
硫磺 0.5phr
氧化锌 3.0phr
ZMBT 0.7phr
将pH调整至9.0(用氨水或氢氧化钾)。该胶乳的粘度通常是20-40cps(DV1+型Brookfield粘度计,锭子#2 @ 30rpm)。将胶乳保持在20-25℃。浸泡速度是约1.5cm/sec,在胶乳中的停留时间是30-90sec,这取决于所需的壁厚,并且浸提速度是约1.2cm/sec。
步骤4.将涂布胶凝腈胶乳的模型颠倒至手指向上位置从而有助于指尖水滴分散,在周围空气温度下停留时间最小30sec。
步骤5.将涂布胶凝腈胶乳的模型(现在是腈手套外壳)再次颠倒至手指向下位置并浸泡在加热至40-60℃的水中以除去剩余的表面脱水收缩产物,停留时间是60-80sec。
步骤6.将该腈手套外壳颠倒至手指向上位置以有助于手指水滴分散,然后部分干燥除去凝胶表面和手指尖上的过量水分。
步骤7.将腈手套外壳颠倒至手指向下位置并用如下的腈胶乳第二层外浸泡(overdipped)至腕(或者完全至袖口):
REVENEX 99G43 100phr
硫磺 0.5phr
氧化锌 3.0phr
ZMBT 0.7phr
将该胶乳的pH调整至9.0(用氨水或氢氧化钾),并使用聚丙烯酸铵将该胶乳的粘度调整至500cps(DV1-型Brookfield粘度计,锭子#2 @ 30rpm)。将胶乳保持在20-25℃。浸泡速度是约1-3cm/sec,在胶乳中的停留时间是约10-30sec,并且浸提速度是约2cm/sec。
步骤8.腈手套外壳,现在具有腈胶乳外浸渍液的液体第二层,颠倒至手指向上位置以分散手指水滴,然后快速再颠倒回至手指向下位置。将氯化钠颗粒(99%纯度,平均粒径400微米)在可从CampbellCoutts Ltd.,Southampton,England获得的流化床设备中应用到胶乳第二层上。将该手套外壳保持在室温下。浸入流化床中的速度是约2cm/sec,在流化床中的停留时间是5-10sec,并且浸提速度是约2 cm/sec。在步骤8的一个变体中,在停留时间内可以将流化床关掉以在胶乳层中获得更尖/更深的压痕。在模型的浸提期间再将流化床打开。
步骤9.涂布盐的外壳用水于室温下洗涤以除去留在现在胶凝的表面上的氯化钠。
步骤10.然后将该胶凝手套产物在温水中于约40℃下浸出约15分钟。
步骤11.将该胶凝手套产物干燥并在常规循环热风炉中于130℃下硬化约60分钟。
步骤12.将该固化手套冷却,然后反转剥离下模型。在步骤12的一个变体中,可以粘附一内衬(例如棉絮)。
步骤13.然后将最终成品的固化手套的内面翻到外面以使立体花纹表面在手套的外面。
开发夹紧力试验以测定举起具有抛光表面并覆盖有液压油和油脂的混合物的钢砝码所需的抓握力。测定几种手套,包括根据实施例1制备的手套(″立体花纹手套″)和类似配方但没有立体花纹表面涂层的已知腈手套,即Ansell SOLVEX 37-676和Ansell SOLKNIT 39-122。
测定设备使用可从Applied Instruments Ltd.,United Kingdom获得的PPS-6Kg型天平,用粘附其下面的不锈钢条改进,直接对着天平的扁平不锈钢载荷盘。为了测定,将整个设备倒向一侧,以这种方式它可以被戴手套的手对抗指向地板的重力而抓握。为了如下测定,不锈钢表面涂布有液压油和油脂的混合物。如下进行夹紧力试验。
1.自愿试验者穿上该测定手套。
2.试验者以与表面的直角仅用拇指和食指(或第二指)抓握该设备,一个手指在每一相对表面沿朝向地板的表面约4cm,仅使用食指和拇指上最后的指垫作为接触点。
3.试验者挤压并尝试举起该设备,然后用足够的力拿住该设备以保持不动,并且没有滑动。
4.以天平的质量单位读数记录即刻的抓握力。
5.最初抓握和举起之后,在约5-10秒钟之后记录稳定的抓握力。
6.稳定地松开握持以使该设备能够从握持滑动。
7.记录在滑动点的最小抓握力。
8.接着将其它砝码加入到该设备中并重复步骤1-7。
表1所示的我们的测定数据证实,立体花纹表面,当用作如实施例1制备的腈手套(或任意胶乳手套)的表面,然后用于操作湿或油性物体时,提供优异的使用者抓握和控制结果。
表1
测定手套 | 即刻抓握力 (kg) | 稳定抓 握力(kg) | 最小抓 握力(kg) | 观察 |
举起的重量: 第一wt.=1.9kg* | ||||
立体花纹手套 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 最后滑动之前有轻 滑动感 |
Solvex 37-676 | 4.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 没有警告-剧烈最 后滑动 |
Solknit 39-122 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 在突然滑动之前警 告小或者没有 |
举起的重量: 第二wt.=2.7kg** | ||||
立体花纹手套 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 最后滑动之前有轻 滑动感 |
Solvex 37-676 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 没有警告-剧烈最 后滑动 |
Solknit 39-122 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 不能抓握 | 没有警告-剧烈最 后滑动 |
举起的重量: 第三wt.=3.5kg** | ||||
立体花纹手套 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 能举起,但是轻轻 滑动 |
Solvex 37-676 | 不能抓握,不 能举起 | 不能抓握 | 不能抓握 | 不能举起 |
Solknit 39-122 | 不能抓握,不 能举起 | 不能抓握 | 不能抓握 | 不能举起 |
*代表设备的大致重量。
**累积重量。
如表1中所示,根据实施例1制备的立体花纹手套表现出改善的抓握控制和发生滑动时的把握。与常规腈手套相比,立体花纹手套需 要最低的抓握力来举起设备定义的3个重量。与SOLVEX 37-676手套相比,立体花纹手套分别需要低29%和31%的即刻抓握力来举起第一个重量和第二个重量;并且与SOLVEX 37-676手套相比,需要低20%的稳定抓握力来把持第二个重量。与SOLKNIT 39-122手套相比,立体花纹手套分别需要低24%和44%的即刻抓握力来举起第一个重量和第二个重量;并且与SOLKNIT 39-122手套相比,分别需要低19%和49%的稳定抓握力来把持第一个重量和第二个重量。值得注意的是,使用常规手套可能发生突然、剧烈的滑动。相反,立体花纹手套即使发生滑动时也提供对滑动的控制。
在描述本发明的内容中(特别是在下面权利要求的内容中)使用术语“一”和“这”以及类似指代应解释为既包括单数又包括复数,除非本文另有说明或者上下文清楚地抵触。本文对值的范围的叙述仅打算用作落入该范围内的每一单独值单个指示的间化方法,除非本文另有说明,并且将每个单独值引入到说明书中,如同本文单个叙述一样。本文所述的所有方法可以任何适宜的顺序进行,除非本文另有说明或者上下文清楚地抵触。使用本文提供的任何和所有实例或例示语言(诸如“例如”)仅打算更好地描述本发明,不引起对本发明范围的限制,除非另有要求。说明书中的语言不应解释为将任何未要求保护的元素指示为本发明实施必不可少的。
尽管结合具体实施方式描述了本发明,但是显然,根据前面的描述,替代、改进和改变对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。应理解所述实施方式仅是例示性的,不应认为是对本发明范围的限制。因此,打算包括所有这些替代、改进和变化都落入附加权利要求书的精神和广泛范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种制备固化立体花纹手套的方法,该方法包括:
在模型上提供胶乳或非胶乳衬里的支持层;
在液态胶乳组合物中浸涂模型,以形成胶乳组合物的外层;
将树枝状盐的离散颗粒施用到胶乳组合物的外层上以使胶乳去稳定;
使胶乳组合物凝结,其中所述盐的颗粒与组合物接触,从而形成复制所述盐颗粒的形状的多面压痕;
在热固化胶乳外层之前溶解所述盐的颗粒;
在溶解步骤后对胶乳组合物外层进行热固化,以形成固化的外层;和
从模型上剥离支持层和固化的外层,以形成包含复制盐颗粒的形状的多面压痕的固化立体花纹手套。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述压痕复制盐颗粒的形状。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中提供支持层的步骤包括:用凝结剂处理模型;通过在液态胶乳组合物中浸涂模型而形成胶乳支持层;和通过所述凝结剂对所述胶乳组合物去稳定而将胶乳支持层胶凝。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中提供支持层的步骤包括:将机织或针织非胶乳材料层施用到模型上,和用凝结剂处理该机织或针织层。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中形成胶乳外层的步骤包括使用发泡的胶乳乳液。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中胶乳外层、胶乳支持层、或这两者包含天然胶乳、聚氨酯胶乳、腈胶乳或聚氯丁二烯胶乳。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中离散颗粒的大小为50-2000微米。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中平均粒径为400微米。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中将盐的离散颗粒施用到胶乳外层上的步骤包括将模型浸泡在盐的流化床中。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中将盐的离散颗粒施用到胶乳外层上的步骤包括将颗粒喷雾到胶乳外层上。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中盐的离散颗粒包括氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化锌、硝酸钙或硝酸锌。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中盐的离散颗粒选自氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、氯化镁、氯化锌、硝酸钙和硝酸锌。
13.手套,其包括:由胶乳制成的外层;和外层中的多个多面压痕。
14.权利要求13的手套,其中所述压痕的大小为50-6000微米,沿着外层。
15.权利要求13的手套,其中所述胶乳包括天然或合成橡胶胶乳包括聚氨酯胶乳、腈胶乳或聚氯丁二烯胶乳,或其组合。
16.权利要求13的手套,其中外层包括提供液体排斥的腈胶乳层。
17.权利要求16的手套,其中腈胶乳层的第一面包括多个多面压痕,而腈胶乳层的第二面基本上无压痕。
18.权利要求13的手套,其当穿戴时需要3.2kg的即刻抓握力来垂直举起具有覆盖有油脂和液压油的不锈钢条部分的1.9kg重量。
19.权利要求13的手套,其当穿戴时需要4.5kg的即刻抓握力来垂直举起具有覆盖有油脂和液压油的不锈钢条部分的2.7kg重量。
20.权利要求13的手套,其当穿戴时需要6.8kg的即刻抓握力来垂直举起具有覆盖有油脂和液压油的不锈钢条部分的3.5kg重量。
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