CN1806186A - 可光固化粘合剂组合物及其在光学领域中的用途 - Google Patents

可光固化粘合剂组合物及其在光学领域中的用途 Download PDF

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CN1806186A
CN1806186A CNA2004800167983A CN200480016798A CN1806186A CN 1806186 A CN1806186 A CN 1806186A CN A2004800167983 A CNA2004800167983 A CN A2004800167983A CN 200480016798 A CN200480016798 A CN 200480016798A CN 1806186 A CN1806186 A CN 1806186A
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acrylate monomer
oligomer
monomer
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CN100504447C (zh
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S·韦伯
P·江
Y·图沙尼
A·贾卢里
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Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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    • C09J133/14Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可光固化粘合剂组合物,基于组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总重量,所述组合物包含:5-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);5-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和20-50重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C);条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯。

Description

可光固化粘合剂组合物及其在光学领域中的用途
发明背景
本发明涉及一种可光固化粘合剂组合物及其在光学领域中的用途。
本领域中常采用多种涂层涂布眼镜片的至少一个表面,以赋予成品附加的或改进的光学或机械性能。
因此,通常是由镜片表面开始,顺序采用耐冲击涂层(耐冲击底涂层)、耐擦伤涂层(硬膜)和抗反射涂层和,任选的疏水表层涂布通常由有机玻璃材料制成的眼镜片的至少一个表面。还可以将其它涂层如偏振化涂层、光敏涂层或染色涂层施涂到眼镜片的一个或两个表面上。
为了涂布眼镜片的表面,已建议和公开了许多工艺和方法。
US 2003/0017340描述了一种将涂层从至少一个模具部件转移到至少一个几何学上定义的镜片毛坯(lens blank)的表面上的工艺或方法,其包括:
-提供具有至少一个几何学上定义的表面的镜片毛坯;
-提供具有内表面和外表面的支持物或模具部件,所述内表面带有涂层;
-在所述镜片毛坯的所述几何学上定义的表面上或在所述涂层上沉积预先测定量的可固化粘合剂组合物;
-将镜片毛坯和支持物彼此相对移动以使涂层与可固化粘合剂组合物接触或使可固化粘合剂组合物与镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面接触;
-施加足够的压力到支持物的外表面上以便一旦可固化组合物固化,最终粘合剂涂层的厚度少于100微米;
-使粘合剂组合物的层固化;和
-将支持物或模具部件取出以获得具有涂层的镜片毛坯,所述涂层粘着到所述镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面上。
预先测定量意思是获得涂层转移且粘着到镜片毛坯上的可固化粘合剂组合物的足够用量。
优选将涂层转移到镜片毛坯的背面(背面处理或BST)。
可固化粘合剂组合物不仅必须允许涂层从支持物快速且安全地转移到镜片毛坯表面上并且使涂层良好地粘着到镜片毛坯上,而且必须不损害所得到的眼镜片的光学和机械性能,如良好的粘着性、浑浊度、没有施涂污渍和耐热裂化性(临界温度)。
施涂污渍指的是在镜片毛坯上存在增加浑浊度水平的区域(与初始粘合剂组合物施涂区域相重合)。如果在进行表面转移处理之前使粘合剂组合物在镜片毛坯表面上保持长于20秒,则可观察到薄雾。
另外,固化的粘合剂组合物涂层必须具有接近基材的折射率。
发明概述
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种特别是用于涂层转移方法的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物克服了现有技术中可固化粘合剂组合物的缺点。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种如上所述的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物不仅导致涂层良好的粘着到基材上而且不损害最终产品的光学和机械性能,特别是浑浊度、施涂污渍和耐热裂化性。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种如上所述的可光固化的粘合剂组合物,所述组合物在固化之后具有接近基材的折射率。
在以下说明书中将变得明显的上述目的及其它目的根据本发明通过提供一种可光固化粘合剂组合物得到,所述组合物包含一定百分率的至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);一定百分率的至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和一定百分率的至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C),条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯。
更具体地说,基于可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量,本发明的可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
-5-60重量%(A);
-5-60重量%(B);和
-20-50重量%(C)。
优选可光固化粘合剂组合物发明包含:
-至少15重量%(A);
-至少9重量%(B);和
-至少25重量%(C)。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明包括一种可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含20-60重量%(A);20-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C),条件是该组合物不可以含有多于100%总量的(A)、(B)和(C)。本发明的一些较优选的实施方案涉及一种可光固化粘合剂组合物,基于该可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量,该组合物包含:20-60重量%(A);30-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C),条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯。在一些更具体的实施方案中,可光固化粘合剂组合物包含20-50重量%(A);30-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C)。在甚至更具体的实施方案中,可光固化粘合剂组合物包含20-40重量%(A);35-45重量%(B)和25-35重量%(C)。
优选可光固化粘合剂组合物不含有任何溴化丙烯酸酯。
更优选可光固化粘合剂组合物不含有任何包含溴原子的单体。
在优选的实施方案中,单或多官能丙烯酸酯单体(A)的计算溶解度参数为8-12,优选8.5-11.5(cal/cm3)1/2
而且,优选的单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的分子量少于500,优选≤350。
对于该组合物的每一个组份而言,优选低聚物的分子量少于10000。
最优选在可光固化粘合剂组合物中不存在低聚物。
本发明还涉及一种将涂层从支持物转移到热塑性材料基材的表面上的工艺或方法,其包括:
-提供具有至少一个主表面的热塑性材料基材;
-提供具有内表面和外表面的支持物,所述内表面带有涂层;
-在基材的所述主表面上或在所述涂层上沉积预先测定量的可固化粘合剂组合物;
-使基材和支持物彼此相对移动以使涂层与可固化粘合剂组合物接触或使可固化粘合剂组合物与基材的主表面接触;
-施加足够的压力到支持物的外表面上以便一旦可固化组合物固化,最终粘合剂涂层的厚度少于100μm;
-使粘合剂组合物的层固化;和
-将支持物取出以获得具有涂层的基材,所述涂层粘着到基材的主表面上,其中可固化粘合剂组合物为如上所述的可光固化粘合剂组合物。
本发明还涉及一种重叠模制(over molding)方法,其包括:
-提供具有至少一个主表面的热塑性材料基材;
-提供具有内表面和外表面的模具部件;
-在所述基材的主表面上或在所述模具部件的内表面上沉积如上所述的预先测定量的可固化粘合剂组合物;
-使基材和模具部件彼此相对移动以使模具部件的内表面或基材的主表面与可固化粘合剂组合物接触;
-施加足够的压力到模具部件的外表面上以使可固化粘合剂组合物均匀分散并形成均匀层,一旦固化,厚度为至少200μm;
-使粘合剂组合物的层固化;和
-将模具部件取出以获得重叠模制有可固化粘合剂组合物的固化涂层的基材。
粘合剂组合物的重叠模制固化涂层优选具有的厚度为至少500μm。
支持物或模具部件的内表面意思是面向热塑性材料基材的一个主表面的支持物或模具部件的表面。
本发明另外涉及一种制备层压热塑性制品如层压眼镜片的方法,其包括:将预先测定量的可光固化粘合剂组合物沉积到由热塑性材料制成的第一部件的主表面上,使沉积的可光固化粘合剂组合物与由热塑性材料制成的第二部件的主表面接触,将第一和第二部件彼此挤压以使可固化粘合剂组合物均匀分散形成均匀的薄层并且使薄层光固化以获得层压制品,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物如上所述。
优选上述部件为眼镜片元件并且由聚碳酸酯制成。
预先测定量意思是获得涂层的转移和粘着或基材的重叠模制或两个部件的粘着的可固化粘合剂组合物的足够用量。
附图简述
当结合附图进行考虑时,根据阅读以下详细说明,本发明的前述对象和其它主题、特征和优点对于本领域技术人员而言将变得显而易见,其中:
-图1A-1C为将涂层转移到镜片毛坯的光学表面上的本发明方法的第一个实施方案的主要步骤的示意图;和
-图2A-2C为本发明方法的第二个实施方案的主要步骤的示意图,其中将涂层同时转移到镜片毛坯的两个光学表面上;和
-图3A和3B为使用可膨胀隔膜装置的本发明方法的第三个实施方案的主要步骤的示意图。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明的可光固化粘合剂组合物的第一组份(A)由至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体,优选二丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物组成。优选单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的溶解度参数为8-12(cal/cm3)1/2,优选8.5-11.5(cal/cm3)1/2且分子量少于500,优选350或更少且通常为200-300,最优选200-275。
丙烯酸酯单体(A)的溶解度参数使用基团分布法计算,在计算的过程中使用通过Hoy确定的基团值(Hoy’s基团贡献值可见于Band Up J,和E.H.Immerget,ed S.Polymer Handbook第三版,John Wiley and Sons,纽约,1989)[第524-524页]。
优选丙烯酸酯单体(A)为非芳族丙烯酸酯单体。还优选丙烯酸酯单体(A)为低折射率丙烯酸酯单体。
低折射率丙烯酸酯单体意思是通过均聚产生折射率,nD 25,为1.47-1.53的均聚物的丙烯酸酯单体。
在优选的丙烯酸酯单体(A)中,可以列举:
  计算的溶解度参数(cal/cm3)1/2   分子量
  二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯   9.44   214
  二丙烯酸三乙二醇酯   9.40   258
  二丙烯酸四乙二醇酯   9.46   302
  二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯   8.56   212
  二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯   8.84   226
  丙烯酸四氢糠酯   8.99   156
当然,对于组份(A)而言,可使用丙烯酸酯单体的混合物。
具体地说,组份(A)可包含非芳族丙烯酸酯单体和芳族丙烯酸酯单体,优选芳族单丙烯酸酯单体如丙烯酸苄酯的混合物。
对于组份(A)而言,优选的混合物为二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯和丙烯酸苄酯的混合物。
通常,芳族丙烯酸酯单体提供组合物的可聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量的10-30重量%,优选10-25重量%,更优选10-20重量%。
组份(A)提供组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量的5-60重量%,优选20-60重量%,且更优选25-40重量%。
根据本发明的可光固化粘合剂组合物的第二组份(B)有至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物构成。
在本发明的意义上,硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体为下式具有至少一个硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯官能团,优选两个硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯官能团的化合物:
Figure A20048001679800171
其中R1为H或-CH3
优选组份(B)的单体具有下式:
Figure A20048001679800172
其中R为通过芳环或借助于直链烷基链直接连接到硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的硫原子上的直链或支化、一价或多价脂族烃基,或一价或多价芳族基,基团R在其链中可包括一个或多个选自如下的基团:
R1为H或-CH3;且
n为1-6的整数,优选1-3。
在直链或支化一价R基团中,可列举直链或支化的(C1-C5)烷基和下式的基团:
Figure A20048001679800174
其中R2和R3彼此独立,为H或直链或支化的(C1-C5)烷基,R4为直链或支化的(C1-C5)烷基、(C1-C7)芳烷基或(C6-C12)芳基,任选带有取代基,特别是采用烷基和/或卤素取代;且m为1-4的整数。
在优选的一价R基团中,可以列举:
其中n=1且如上所定义的式(I)的单体特别地公开于专利US-A-4606864、JP-63316766和EP-A-0384725中。
在式(I)的单体的范围内的二价R基团中,可以列举直链或支化的(C2-C10)亚烷基,任选在其链中具有一个或多个如下基团:
-O-、-S-或
下式的亚烷基:
Figure A20048001679800184
其中R5和R6为(C1-C5)基团;
下式的基团:
其中R7和R8为直链或支化的(C1-C5)亚烷基,任选在其链中具有一个或多个如下基团
-O-、-S-或
Figure A20048001679800191
且X选自(C1-C5)烷基和卤素,且p为0-4的整数;
和下式的基团:
Figure A20048001679800192
其中R9和R10为直链或支化的(C1-C5)烷基,任选在其链中具有一个或多个如下基团
-O-、-S-或
Figure A20048001679800193
且r和s为0或1。
在优选的二价R基团中,可以列举以下基团:
Figure A20048001679800194
其中x为2-8的整数,
(CH2CH2)yCH2CH2-,其中y为1-4的整数,
(CH2CH2S)zCH2CH2-,其中z为1-4的整数,
(CH2)u′(S(CH2)v′)x′s-(CH2)w′,其中x’为0或1,
且u’、v’、w’为整数2-6,
下式的基团:
Figure A20048001679800195
其中u和v为整数1-4,
Figure A20048001679800201
Figure A20048001679800203
特别优选的二价R基团为:
Figure A20048001679800204
和-H4C2-S-C2H4-
在EP-A-273661、EP-A-273710、EP-A-384725中公开了式(I)的二价单体。
在式(I)的单体的三价基团R中,可以列举(C3-C10)烷基三基(alkyltriyl),任选在其链中具有一个或多个如下基团:
-O-、-S-或
具有烷基链(任选包含一个或多个基团-S-或-O-)的三价烷芳基,和三价芳基。
在三价或更高价的R基团中,可以列举:
等...
在式(I)的最优选单体中,可以列举:
S-2-丙烯酰氧基乙基硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯,
Figure A20048001679800212
S-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯,
1,2-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]乙烷,
Figure A20048001679800214
1,2-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]丙烷,
1,3-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]丙烷,
Figure A20048001679800216
1,4-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]丁烷,
双-2-[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基]醚,
Figure A20048001679800222
双-2-[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基]硫醚,
Figure A20048001679800223
双-2-[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙氧基]甲烷,
双-2-[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基硫代]甲烷,
1,2-双-[2-(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙氧基]乙烷,
Figure A20048001679800226
1,2-双-[2-(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基硫代]乙烷,
Figure A20048001679800231
双-[2-(2-(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙氧基)乙基]醚,
Figure A20048001679800232
双-[2-(2-(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基硫代)乙基]硫醚,
Figure A20048001679800233
1,4-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]苯,
1,4-双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代甲基]苯,
苄基硫代乙基硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯,
Figure A20048001679800236
1,4-[双(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代]-2,3-二甲基硫代丁烷
1,2,3-三[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代乙基]硫代丙烷,和
Figure A20048001679800242
双[(甲基)丙烯酰基硫代苯基]硫醚,
其中R1为H或CH3
优选种类的硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体为下式的单体:
Figure A20048001679800243
其中Y表示直链或支化的(C2-C12)亚烷基、(C3-C12)亚环烷基、(C6-C14)亚芳基或(C7-C26)亚烷芳基,Y的烃链任选插入一个或多个氧和/或硫原子,且R1为H或CH3
下式的单体:
Figure A20048001679800244
其中R1和Y如上定义且n为1-6的整数;和其混合物。
式(II)的特别优选的单体为下式的单体:
特别优选的式(III)的单体是下式的单体:
Figure A20048001679800252
式(II)和(III)的单体公开于专利US-5,384,379。
最优选的硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(B)为双-2-(甲基丙烯酰基硫代乙基)硫醚(BMTES)和双(甲基丙烯酰基硫代苯基)硫醚(BMTPS),特别是BMTES。
优选组份(B)的硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯为高折射率硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
在本发明的意义上,高折射率单体为通过均聚产生折射率,nD 25,为至少1.55,优选1.6或更多的均聚物的单体。
当然,还可将硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的混合物作为组份(B)。
在本发明的可光固化粘合剂组合物中存在的组份(B)的用量为5-50重量%,优选20-50重量%,更优选30-50重量%,且更好地是35-45重量%,基于组合物的可聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量。
本发明的可光固化组合物的第三组份(C)由至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物构成。
优选的芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体为烷氧基化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯,特别是乙氧基化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯。
优选的单体(C)为下式的单体:
其中n1+n2为2-10,优选2-6。
在优选的乙氧基化双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯单体中,可以列举乙氧基化(2)双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化(4)双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化(8)双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯和乙氧基化(10)双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯。
当然,对于组份(C)而言,可以使用芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体的混合物。
组份(C)提供了组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量的20-50重量%,优选20-40重量%,且更优选25-35重量%。
尽管非优选,本发明的组合物还可包括单甲基丙烯酸酯单体,优选芳族单甲基丙烯酸酯单体如甲基丙烯酸酯苄酯。
当存在时,单甲基丙烯酸酯单体通常提供了可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总量的10-30重量%。
作为光聚合引发剂,可以使用为了使可聚合单体光聚合而加入的任何广泛已知的化合物而不需限定。在适用于本发明的光聚合引发剂中,可以列举二苯甲酮化合物、苯乙酮化合物、α-二羰基化合物、氧化酰基膦化合物、氧化二酰基膦化合物及其混合物。
更具体地说,光引发剂化合物可以由下式表示:
其中R11和R12为烷基,其可一起形成环己烷环,且R13为烷基或氢原子,
其中R14可相同或不同,且为甲基、甲氧基或氯原子,e为2或3,且R15为苯基或甲氧基,
可以在本发明中优选使用的光聚合引发剂的实例描述如下:
苯乙酮聚合引发剂:
1)1-苯基-2-羟基-2-甲基丙-1-酮,
2)1-羟基环己基苯基酮,和
3)1-(4-异丙基苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基丙-1-酮。
α-二羰基化合物:
1)1,2-二苯基乙二酮,和
2)甲基苯基乙醛酸酯。
氧化酰基膦光聚合引发剂:
1)2,6-二甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦,
2)2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦,
3)2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基亚膦酸甲酯,
4)2,6-二氯苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦,和
5)2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦。
上述光聚合引发剂可单独一种使用或两种或多种组合使用。氧化二酰基膦光聚合引发剂:
1)二(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4,-三甲基苯基氧化膦。
其中,优选的光引发剂为如下光引发剂:
Irgacure500
苯乙酮与1-羟基环己基苯基的1/1混合物
Irgacure184
Irgacure819
Figure A20048001679800282
Irgacure1850
Figure A20048001679800283
在本发明中,光引发剂以常规用量,即0.1-5重量份,优选1-5重量份加入,基于100重量份组合物的可光聚合单体。
本发明优选的可光固化粘合剂组合物在固化之后具有的高折射率,nD 25,为1.52-165,优选153-1.65,更优选1.56-1.6,通常约1.57,且玻璃化转变温度Tg优选为至少60℃,且更优选至少70℃,且更好为至少80℃。
可光固化粘合剂组合物特别适于用作涂层转移法、层压和重叠模制方法中,特别是用于制造眼镜片和其它光学制品。
现在将本发明的可光固化组合物的用途描述为应用于涂层转移法以制造涂布基材如眼镜片。应该理解,本发明的可光固化粘合剂组合物可用于任何涂层转移法而不仅仅用于下述方法。
基材优选为镜片毛坯。优选在其上转移涂层的毛坯的主表面为几何学上定义的表面。
镜片毛坯或模具部件的几何学上定义的表面意思是具有所需要的几何形状和平滑度的表面或具有所需要的几何形状但仍存在一定粗糙度的表面,如已经研磨并精加工但未抛光至所需几何形状的镜片毛坯。表面粗糙度通常为Sq 103μm-1μm,优选10-3-0.5μm,且最优选10-3-0.1μm。
Sq:偏离平均值的均方值
Sq = 1 NM Σ x = 1 N Σ y = 1 M Zx , y 2
计算对于表面的起伏幅度的有效值(RMS)。所述参数包含于EUR15178EN报告(Commission of the European Communities)Stout等,1993:三维表征粗糙度用方法的研究。
粗糙度(Sq)通过KLA-Tencor的P-10 Long Scan测量。
测量条件为2μm末端1mg力10次扫描500μm长2000个数据点。
光学表面意思是已经研磨、精加工和抛光或模压成所需几何形状和平滑度的镜片毛坯或模具部件的表面。
本发明的方法的重要特征在于,将涂层转移到镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面上在基本上未压挤毛坯的情况下进行,因而不存在损坏毛坯几何形状,且特别是其几何学上定义的表面的危险。
然而,将施加到支持物的外表面上的压力优选基本上至少保持至粘合剂组合物的凝胶化。保持压力可以通过使用置于支持物的外表面上的可膨胀隔膜实现。
优选所施加的压力为5-50Psi(0.35-3.5kgf/cm2),且更具体地是0.3-3kfg/cm2
最优选的范围是5-20Psi(0.35-1.40kgf/cm2)。
使用上述方法,可将涂层连续或同时转移到镜片毛坯的前面和后面几何学上定义的表面上。涂层的转移还可仅针对镜片毛坯的一面,优选针对背面(或后面)进行。
涂布支持物可以简单地为由适当材料如塑料材料制成的支持薄膜,如聚碳酸酯膜。涂布支持物优选为由任何适当材料制成的模具部件,优选由塑料材料,特别是热塑性材料,且具体地说由聚碳酸酯制成的模具部件。
还可以使用在其上已经施涂粘合剂并且可能凝胶化的涂布支持物。在所述情况下,可使用膜覆盖或保护粘合剂的表面。在使用载体之前将保护膜除去。
模具部件的加工表面具有根据图案组成的浮雕状花纹,换句话说,可使其具有微观结构并且其可赋予最终镜片具有由微观结构赋予的性能(例如抗反射性)的光学表面。
获得微观结构的模具部件的不同技术公开于WO 99/29494中。
模具部件或载体可通过使用已知方法如表面修整、热成形、真空热成形、热成形/挤压、注塑、注塑/压模获得。
支持物,通常为模具部件,可以是刚性或柔性,但优选为柔性的。使用刚性模具部件需要大量均含有几何学上定义的表面的模具部件,所述表面的几何形状适于镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面的特定几何形状。为了避免需要具有上述大量不同的模具部件,模具部件优选为柔性模具部件,特别是由塑料材料如聚碳酸酯制成的柔性模具部件。当使用所述柔性模具部件时,仅需要提供具有其几何形状符合镜片毛坯(在其上转移涂层)的光学表面的一般形状、或凹面或凸面的模具部件,但所述表面不必严格对应于待涂布的镜片毛坯表面的几何形状。因此,相同的模具部件可用于将涂层转移到具有不同特定几何形状的表面的镜片毛坯上。通常,柔性模具部件具有两个平行的主表面并因此具有均匀厚度。
柔性模具的带有涂层的表面优选为球形。
柔性模具部件通常的厚度为0.2-5mm,优选0.3-5mm。更优选柔性模具部件由聚碳酸酯制成,并且在所述情况下厚度为0.5-1mm。
已发现,如果满足有关模具部件和镜片毛坯的基本曲率的特定要求,则获得转移法的最佳实施方案。
在本专利申请中,当涉及模具部件的基本曲率时,其意思是模具部件的加工表面(即,带有转移到镜片或镜片毛坯上的涂层的表面)的基本曲率。
同样,镜片或镜片毛坯的基本曲率意思是将涂层从上述模具部件上转移到其上的表面的基本曲率。
在本申请中,基本曲率具有如下定义:
-对于具有曲率半径R的球形表面而言,
基本曲率(或基础)=530/R(R以mm计);
这种定义在本领域中十分经典
-对于复曲面而言,存在两个曲率半径并且一个根据上式计算,两个基本曲率BR、Br,BR<Br。
对于将涂层转移到镜片或镜片毛坯的球形背面上而言,为了避免变形,特别是当使用柔性模具部件时,柔性模具部件(前面)的基本曲率(BC)必须比在其上转移涂层的镜片或镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面的基本曲率(BL)稍高。但是,为了避免涂层在转移的过程中破裂或转移之后屈光力在Optical Laboratory Standard Z80.1的允许限度以外,BC不应该太高。
通常,对于球形镜片或镜片毛坯而言,镜片或镜片毛坯的基本曲率BL与柔性模具部件的基本曲率BC应该满足以下关系:
               0<BC-BL<1.5
优选
               0.2<BC-BL<1
对于将涂层转移到镜片或镜片毛坯(圆柱形镜片或镜片毛坯)的复曲面(其具有半径R和r(R>r)两个主要曲面)背面上而言,可以分别根据定义复曲面的半径R和r计算两个基本曲率BLR和BLr。
镜片的基本曲率BLR和BLr和柔性模具部件的基本曲率应该以下关系:
                 BLR<BLr
a)如果BLr-BLR≤3.5
0<BC-BLR<3}
|BC-BLr|<1}
优选
0.2<BC-BLR<2.5}
|BC-BLr|<0.5}
b)如果BLr-BLR>3.5
BLR<BC<BLr
当使用刚性模具部件时,优选模具部件的基本曲率(BC)与镜片或镜片毛坯的基本曲率(BL)相同。
优选当使模具部件和毛坯彼此相对移动时,在涂布模具部件的中心区域中或在镜片毛坯几何学上定义的表面的中心区域中分别发生涂层与可固化粘合剂组合物之间或粘合剂组合物与镜片毛坯几何学上定义的表面之间的接触。
特别地,在柔性模具部件的情况下,模具部件凸起的前面可以具有比待涂布毛坯的凹形表面短的曲率半径。因此,在中心施加压力,然后使模具部件变形以符合毛坯表面。从毛坯的中心开始形成胶合层,这避免了在最终的固化粘合剂组合物层中夹有气泡。使用比待涂布的凸起毛坯表面长的曲率半径的模具部件的凹形表面也是一样的。
如前所述,从柔性模具部件的转移可使用可膨胀隔膜实现。
可膨胀薄膜可由任何柔性材料制成,所述柔性材料可通过采用适当的流体加压,所述流体用以相对于符合镜片或镜片毛坯的表面几何形状的镜片或镜片毛坯推动柔性模具部件从而使其充分变形。
可膨胀隔膜可由任何柔性材料制作。通常,可膨胀隔膜具有的厚度为0.50mm-5.0mm且伸长率为100-800%,硬度为10-100Shore A。
对于UV固化,则应选择透明材料,如透明硅橡胶或其它透明橡胶或乳胶:UV光优选从模具侧面进行辐射。
用可膨胀薄膜施加到模具部件上的压力优选为30kPa-150kPa并且取决于镜片或镜片毛坯和软柔性模具部件的尺寸和曲率。当然,该压力必须保持在柔性模具部件和镜片或镜片毛坯上直至胶或粘合剂充分固化以便使涂层充分粘合到镜片或镜片毛坯上。
镜片毛坯可以是其一个或两个面表面修整或铸造成所需几何形状的镜片(仅其平面之一表面修整或铸造成所需几何形状的镜片称作半成品镜片)。
优选镜片毛坯具有赋予递增屈光力的第一表面和赋予非递增屈光力但具有球形或复球面形状的第二表面;在所述镜片毛坯上优选进行根据本发明的涂层转移。优选递增表面是毛坯的前面。
镜片毛坯还可以是半成品镜片,其中镜片的一面,优选镜片的前面预先已采用适当的涂层(抗反射、硬膜等)处理并且镜片的残余表面,优选后面,使用本发明的转移法涂布。镜片毛坯可以是偏振化镜片。
尽管以下说明涉及使用优选的柔性模具部件,但应该理解所述方法还可使用刚性模具部件实现。
现在参考附图并且特别是图1A-1C,具有凹面2的镜片毛坯1置于其凹面2向上的支持元件3上。然后将根据本发明的预先测定量的UV可固化粘合剂组合物液滴4沉积到镜片毛坯1的表面2上。将具有凸出光学表面的柔性模具部件5置于其带有光学涂层的表面面向下的支持元件7上,所述柔性模具部件5预先涂布有规定的涂层6。
在柔性模具部件5的表面上沉积涂层6通过任一种光学领域使用的常规沉积法,如真空沉积、旋涂、刷涂、浸涂等进行,当然沉积法取决于沉积在柔性模具部件5的表面上的涂层的性质。
此后,使支持元件3、7彼此相对移动以使涂层6与UV可固化粘合剂组合物液滴4相接触,并且采用一定方式相对于涂层向模具部件的外表面施加压力以使UV可固化粘合剂组合物液滴分散到镜片毛坯1的表面2上和涂层6上。但是,所施加的压力应仅足以将粘合剂组合物液滴分散以便对于最终固化膜而言获得所需厚度(通常100μm或更少),但不足以对镜片毛坯1造成任何变形。
如图1B所示,然后将由镜片毛坯1、粘合剂组合物膜4、涂层6和模具部件5形成的组件置于UV固化粘合剂组合物膜4用装置中。如图1C所示,膜4UV固化之后,取出模具部件5,并获得涂层6粘着到其凹面2的毛坯1。
现在参见图2A-2C,其列出了如关于图1A-1B所述类似的方法,但其中镜片毛坯1的两个表面涂布有通过本发明的转移法涂布的涂层。
如图2A所示,将柔性模具部件8,例如厚度为1mm的由聚碳酸酯制成的模具部件置于支持元件3上,所述模具部件的凹面已预先涂布有光学涂层9。然后将预先测定量的UV可固化粘合剂组合物液滴10沉积到涂层9上。然后将镜片毛坯1置于模具部件8(具有与胶液滴10接触的凸面2’)上。然后将预先测定量的UV可固化粘合剂组合物液滴沉积到镜片毛坯1的凹面2上。将柔性模具部件5,例如1mm厚的聚碳酸酯模具部件,置于支持元件7上,所述柔性模具部件5的凸面已预先涂布有光学涂层6。然后,使支持元件3、7彼此相对移动以使涂层6与粘合剂组合物液滴4相接触,并且在模具部件之一的至少外表面上施加压力以将粘合剂组合物液滴4和10分散形成膜。如前所述,所施加的压力必须仅足以将粘合剂组合物液滴分散并且在固化之后形成所需厚度的膜,但不足以对镜片毛坯1造成任何变形。
其后,将由模具部件、光学涂层、粘合剂组合物膜和镜片毛坯形成的组件置于UV固化装置中,在所述固化装置中使粘合剂组合物膜4、10UV固化。
如图2C所示,在粘合剂组合物膜的固化完成之后,将模具部件5和8取出并且获得光学涂层5、6粘合到镜片毛坯1的两个表面上的成品镜片。
图3A和3B为本发明的方法的第三个实施方案的示意图,其中涂层的转移使用柔性模具部件或载体进行,所述柔性模具部件或载体使用可膨胀隔膜相对于镜片毛坯表面推动。
图3A表示在隔膜加压和膨胀之前的镜片毛坯、柔性载体和可膨胀隔膜,而图3B表示在隔膜加压和膨胀之后的镜片毛坯、柔性载体和可膨胀隔膜。
参见图3A,将镜片毛坯1,例如复曲面镜片毛坯置于其几何学上定义的表面1a面向外的镜片毛坯支持物中。
将可光固化粘合剂组合物液滴3沉积在镜片毛坯1的几何学上定义的表面1a的中心处。
将可转移涂层5沉积到其表面之一的薄柔性载体4,例如球形载体,置于粘合剂组合物液滴3上以使可转移涂层5与粘合剂液滴3接触。柔性载体4的基本曲率稍微高于镜片毛坯1的几何学上定义的表面1a的基本曲率。
在可膨胀薄膜装置10前面放置整个组件。
可膨胀薄膜装置10包含流体蓄集器,例如提供有流体口12,例如连接到加压流体源的空气口(未示出)(用于将加压流体引入蓄集器以及将加压流体排出形成蓄集器)的空气蓄集器。蓄集器10的顶面包含透光部分13,如透射UV的石英玻璃部分,而蓄集器10的底面包含与透明石英玻璃13相互对准的透明可膨胀隔膜14。
如图3A所示,装置10进一步包含在可膨胀隔膜14膨胀期间横向引导可膨胀薄膜14的导向装置15。更具体地说,所述导向装置包含向外伸出形成蓄集器10的底面的截圆锥部件或漏斗15,并且其较大的底部通过可膨胀隔膜密封并且其较小的底部为直径至少等于柔性载体4的底部直径但优选稍微大一点(最高大5mm...)的圆形开口。
通常,漏斗高度为10-50mm,优选10-25mm,且锥度为10-90°,优选30-50°。
最后,将光源,例如UV光源16放置在透明石英板13前面的蓄集器10的后面
通常,将包含镜片毛坯支架2、镜片毛坯1、粘合剂组合物液滴3和柔性载体4的组件放置以使柔性载体4的边缘在漏斗15的较小底部开口边缘的平面内,或与其相隔距离最高达50mm,优选最高达20mm。
如图3B所示,将加压流体,如加压空气,通过入口12从外部来源(未示出)引入到蓄集器11。压力在蓄集器内升高,使可膨胀隔膜14膨胀,相对镜片毛坯1均匀推动柔性载体,同时均匀分散粘合剂3。
然后使粘合剂组合物UV固化。
在固化步骤完成之后,将镜片毛坯1从支架2上拆下来并且除去柔性载体4以获得镜片毛坯1,所述镜片毛坯1的几何学上定义的表面1a带有转移涂层5。
使用上述漏斗型装置获得良好的涂层转移,就屈光力、圆柱形、棱柱形和变形而言其良好的光学质量满足America Optical laboratoryStandard(ANSI Z80.1-1987)。
隔膜导向装置(漏斗)对于使隔膜以良好形状和方向膨胀以在柔性载体上施加均匀压力通过镜片毛坯而在载体和镜片毛坯边缘上不存在额外压力而言非常重要。
如前所述,固化之后最终粘合剂组合物层的厚度少于100μm,优选少于80μm,最优选少于50μm,且通常1-30μm。
特别地,对于本发明的方法而言非常优选的基材由任何热塑性材料、特别是适于制备光学镜片的材料如聚碳酸酯制成。
但是,即使它们不优选,也可使用由热固性(交联)材料如二烯丙基碳酸二乙二醇酯聚合物(CR39PPG)、聚氨酯、聚硫氨酯、环硫化物高指数材料制成的基材。
基材可任选含有光致变色化合物。
优选基材具有很高的折射率,即折射率,nD 25,为1.56或更多,通常1.56-1.74,且优选1.57-1.59。
优选的基材材料为聚碳酸酯(PC)。
转移涂层可包含光学领域中通用的任一种涂层或多层涂层,如疏水表层、抗反射涂层、耐磨损涂层、耐冲击涂层、偏振化涂层、光致变色涂层、光电涂层、电子光致变色涂层、染色涂层、印刷层如标志图案或两个或多个上述涂层的多层涂层。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,将多层涂层转移到镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面上,所述多层涂层包含:
-任选的疏水表层:
-通常包含无机材料如金属氧化物或二氧化硅的抗反射多层涂层;
-优选包含一种或多种环氧硅烷的水解产物和任选的一种或多种无机填料如胶态二氧化硅的耐磨损(硬)涂层;
-任选的耐冲击底涂层,优选聚氨酯乳胶或丙烯酸类乳胶;
将多层涂层的每一层以上述顺序沉积到支持物上。
本发明的方法对于转移包含“表层、抗反射涂层、硬膜和底涂层”的整个多层涂层特别有意义。
通常抗反射涂层或多层涂层的厚度为80nm-800nm,且优选100nm-500nm。
硬膜的厚度优选为1-10微米,优选2-6微米。底涂层的厚度优选为0.5-3微米。
通常,待转移的涂层的总厚度为1-500μm,但优选少于50μm,更优选少于20微米,或更好为10μm或更少。
以下实施例解释说明本发明。
在实施例中,使用上述涂层转移法和柔性隔膜装置将沉积到6.1基础背曲线、0.5mm厚PC载体的多层涂层转移到聚碳酸酯镜片(-2.00D,5.1基础背曲线(base back curve)的表面修整并抛光、未处理的背面上。
多层涂层
在所有的实施例中,多层涂层包含疏水表层/抗反射涂层/硬膜/底涂层(HMC)。
步骤1:保护和释放涂层
保护和释放涂层的组成如下:
  组份   重量份
  PETALQ(季戊四醇的丙烯酸酯)   5.00
  Dowanol PnP   5.00
  Dowanol PM   5.00
  正丙醇   5.00
  1360(硅氧烷六丙烯酸酯,Radcure)   0.10
  Coat-O-Sil 3503(反应性流动添加剂)   0.06
  光引发剂   0.20
PC载体使用肥皂水清洗并采用压缩空气使其干燥。然后将载体凸面采用上述防护涂层组合物经旋涂在施涂速度为600rpm的情况下涂布3秒并且在干燥速度为1200rpm的情况下干燥6秒。将涂层使用Fusion SystemH+灯泡在速度1.524m/分钟(5英尺/分钟)下固化。
步骤2:疏水表层和抗反射(AR)涂层
在沉积防护涂层之后真空涂布PC载体如下:
A/标准真空AR处理:在标准箱式涂布机中使用公知的真空蒸发操作完成真空AR处理。以下是在模具上获得VAR的一种方法:
1.将具有已施涂到表面上的防护涂层的载体置于标准箱式涂布机中并将箱室泵抽至高真空水平。
2.
3.使用热蒸发技术将疏水涂层(化学品=Shin Etsu KP801M)沉积到载体表面上至厚度为2-15nm。
4.然后将介电多层AR涂层(由高和低折射率材料的子层的多层涂层构成)以与正常顺序相反的方式沉积。所述沉积的详细情况如下:
下表中给出了交替的低和高折射率涂层的光学厚度(它们以规定顺序从模具表面开始沉积):
  低指数   103-162nm
  高指数   124-190nm
  低指数   19-37nm
  高指数   37-74nm
优选的多层涂层为其中低指数材料为SiO2且高指数材料为ZrO2的多层涂层。
B/完成四层抗反射多层涂层的沉积时,沉积包含物理厚度为1-50nm的SiO2薄层。所述涂层促进了氧化物抗反射多层涂层与清漆硬膜之间的粘着力,所述硬膜在后期将沉积到涂布模具上。
步骤3:硬膜(HC)和乳胶底涂层
硬膜的组成如下:
  组份   重量份
  Glymo   21.42
  0.1N HCl   4.89
  胶态二氧化硅   30.50
  甲醇   29.90
  双丙酮醇   3.24
  乙酰丙酮酸铝   0.45
  偶联剂   9.00
  表面活性剂FC-430(3M公司)   0.60
底涂层的组成如下:
  组份   重量份
  聚氨酯乳胶W-234   35.0
  去离子水   50.0
  2-丁氧基乙醇   15.0
  偶联剂   5.00
然后,在步骤1和2中沉积防护涂层和AR涂层之后,将PC载体通过HC溶液在600rpm/1200rpm下涂布并在80℃下预固化10分钟,并且在相同速度下通过乳胶底漆溶液再次旋涂并在80℃下后固化1小时。
偶联剂是如下预冷凝溶液:
  组份   重量份
  GLYMO(缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)   10
  丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷   10
  0.1N HCl   0.5
  乙酰丙酮酸铝   0.5
  双丙酮醇   1.0
转移参数
-可光固化粘合剂组合物:
将液滴(0.5-0.7g)置于镜片中心,或一滴在中心且四个与中心等距离。
-隔膜压力(通过隔膜施加到模具的压力)
10或12psi(0.689或0.827巴)
-UV辐射
具有灯泡部件n°35008,强度135mW/cm2的Dymax 2000-EC泛光UV光。
-曝光时间:
40秒,获得隔膜凝结点之后。
在转移过程之后,将镜片边缘处理至65mm直径以使得载体可除去,然后用肥皂水手洗,用自来水漂洗,然后用去离子水漂洗,风干并检验。
测试和检验方法
-粘着性使用根据ISTM 02010的交叉影线粘着(cross hatch adhesion)测试,使用3M SCOTCHn°600透明胶带测量。
形成25个正方形。
粘着性评价如下:
  粘着性得分   除去的正方形   留下原封未动的面积%
  0   0   100
  1   <1   96
  2   1-4   96-84
  3   >4-9   93-64
  4   >9-16   63-36
  5   >16   <36
耐热裂化性通过根据ISTM法n°02032测量临界温度(Tc)确定。抗反射处理的镜片的临界温度Tc为通过目测首先观察到抗反射处理的银纹(细微裂纹)的温度。将镜片置于温控烘箱(50℃开始)内1小时,然后取出并快速检查裂纹。如果未观察到裂纹,则将镜片置于比前述烘箱温度高10℃的烘箱内。重复上述过程直至观察到裂纹,或镜片在100℃下仍经受得住。
如果在从烘箱内取出之后立即在镜片上发现裂纹,但在24小时之后(保持在室温下)不可见,则采用“+”下标对所报道的临界温度进行修饰。
如果Tc>60,优选Tc≥65℃,则认为涂布镜片耐热裂化。但是,认为Tc≥50℃的涂布镜片可接受。
-浑浊度和施涂污渍水平使用由OSRAM制造的带有Vita-Life 15瓦荧光灯的标准R17施涂灯,然后是小聚光灯(mini-spot)41601目测。
镜片采用与镜片表面近似垂直的入射光观察。浑浊度定义为在镜片在大片区域上的一般浊度或光漫射。观察目测进行。
小聚光灯比带有Vita-Life灯泡的灯更精确。
比较例C1-C10
几个单或双官能丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯单体单独用作可光固化粘合剂组合物。所有的组合物也均包含0.2重量%Irgacure500作为光引发剂。
所得到的涂布镜片对粘着性和浑浊度水平进行测试。
所用单体和结果列于表1。
                            表1
  实施例   单体   粘着性   浑浊度
  C1   丙烯酸异冰片酯(SR 423A)   未完全固化   N/A
  C2   THF-丙烯酸酯(SR 285)   0   有
C3 二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯(SR 238) 0
C4 二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯(SR 230) 0
  C5   二丙烯酸四乙二醇酯(SR 209)   5   有
  C6   粘合剂促进的三丙烯酸酯(SR 9012)   5   无
  C7   4EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(CD 540)   4   无
  C8   8EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(CD 542)   5   无
  C9   10EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(SR 480)   5   无
  C10   二(甲基丙烯酰基硫代乙基)硫醚(BMTES)   5   无
引发剂:Irgacure 500(2重量%)(以单体组合物的重量计)。SR 9012为三官能丙烯酸酯/不饱和环状二酮。
表1说明如果大多数丙烯酸酯均聚物引起涂层良好的粘着到镜片上,则它们产生不可接受的浑浊度。相反,乙氧基化芳族甲基丙烯酸酯和硫代甲基丙烯酸酯均聚物未引起混浊,但难以满足粘着性要求。
实施例1-3
使用根据本发明的三元共混物用作可光固化粘合剂组合物。配方以及测试结果列于表2。
                             表2
  配方   实施例
  单体(重量%)   1   2   3
  BMTES   40   40   40
  二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯   30   30   30
  2EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯   30   -   -
  4EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯   -   30   -
  8EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯   -   -   30
  光引发剂Irgacure819(重量%)(1)   3   3   3
  性能
  粘着性   0   0   0
  浑浊度   无   无   无
  施涂污渍   无   无   无
  Tc(℃)   60-70   70-80   60-70
(1):单体(单体的总量)的重量%
表2中的结果说明根据本发明的三元组合物满足了有关粘着性、浑浊度、施涂污渍和临界温度的所有要求。
将几种可商购的可光固化粘合剂用于涂层转移并如上进行测试。
组合物和结果列于表3。
                                                       表3
  公司   产品   固化说明   交叉影线粘着性   浑浊度   施涂污渍   Tc(℃)
  Dymax Corporation   OP-4-20628   CST   0   有   有   NT
  OP-42B   IST/EC   4-5   无   0   NT
  X-301-44-2   EC   1   无   0   NT
  X-415-102A   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  X-410-96-1   IST/EC   0   无   0   50
  OP-4-20632   未转移   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  OP-40#54194   CST   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  3-20256#72521   CST   0   有   有   NT
  X-372-45-1#00327   CST   0   无   ?   50
  X-372-45-1#03191   CST   0   无   无   50
  1128M#28542-26083   CST   5   有   有   NT
  1181-M#28542-27047   IST   0   有   有   NT
  1186-M#28542-27887   EC   5   有   0   NT
  1191-M#28542-23578   EC   0   无   0   NT
  1-20560#28542-25319   EC   0   有   0   NT
  OP-54   未转移   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  OP-30   EC   1-2   有   0   NT
  OP-61-LS   固化不透明   n/a   n/a   n/a   NT
  OP-21   EC+   0   无   0   NT
  OP-29V   EC+   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  OP-29V   EC+   1-2   无   0   NT
  Norland Optical Adhesives   NOA61   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  NOA65   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  NOA68   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  NOA81   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  NOA83H   e.c.   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  Loctite   3104-23694   CST   0   有   有   NT
  3105-23695   CST   0   无   0   50
  3494   IST   0   无   0   50
  FT-01616(X-245622)   IST   0   无   0   50
  Epoxy Technology,INC.   EPO-TEK OG144   CST   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  EPO-TEK OG142-13   IST/EC   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  Summers Optical   Type SK-9Lens Bond   CST   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  Type J-91Lens Bond   IST   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  S.C.Radco   222A   CST   5   n/a   n/a   NT
  Cyberlife   4436   CST/EC   2-3   无   0   NT
NT=由于较早失败而未测
固化说明缩写
CST   完全多层涂层转移
IST   不完全多层涂层转移
EC    在BST处理中边缘裂纹
EC+   大范围边缘裂纹
n/a   不适用
表3说明几乎可商购粘合剂均未产生具有整套所需性能的最终涂布镜片。
计算溶解度参数的实施例
以下实施例逐步说明怎样计算二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯用溶解度参数。溶解度参数计算基于基团贡献的技术,其假定分子中的每个官能团对热力学性能的贡献是累加的。Hoy’s基团贡献值由蒸汽压测量法获得。
汽化能由下式给出:
                   ΔEv=∑jnjΔej
其中nj为分子中类型j的基团的数目,且Δej为对基团j对汽化能的贡献。
Hoy’s(和其它)基团贡献值作为摩尔引力常数(F),其以如下方式与汽化能相关:
F j = ΔE v i , j V i , j
其中Vi为分子的摩尔体积。
对于分子而言,溶解度参数(δ)以如下方式与摩尔吸引常数相关:
δ j = ΔE i v V i V i 2 = Σ j F j V i = ρ ij Σ j F j M i ‾
其中ρij为分子的密度,Mj为分子量。
步骤1
将分子拆分为由Hoy列出的不同官能团。图1表示二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯的球棒图。已对不同官能团编号,相同官能团的重复出现给出相同的数目。
Figure A20048001679800481
图1
步骤2
将每个官能团出现的贡献值制表(如图4所示)。
  基团n°   基团类型   出现次数#   基团贡献值   总的基团贡献值
  1   不饱和=CH2   2   259   518
  2   不饱和=CH-   2   249   498
  3   羧基-COO-   2   688   1376
  4   饱和-CH2-   2   269   538
  5   饱和=C=   1   65   65
  6   甲基-CH3   2   303   606
步骤3
将总的基团贡献值相加,然后乘以单体密度,所得到的数值除以单体分子量。这得出了针对单体的溶解度参数。
二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯的密度=1.031,且分子量为212(Sartomer Co.数据)。
(518+498+1376+65+606)=3601
(3601*1.031/212=17.519(MPa)1/2*{(cal/cm3)1/2/2.046(MPa)1/2}=8.56(cal/cm3)1/2
实施例4-28
将如前述实施例中的PC镜片用肥皂和水洗涤并在用压缩气干燥之前采用去离子水漂洗。然后,采用抗静电空气对其吹气并置于隔膜装置的镜片支架内。将5滴粘合剂(预先通过0.45μm注射过滤器过滤)施涂到镜片背面:一滴在中心,并且四滴与第一滴等距离,在2.6cm2正方形的拐角处。然后,使用手动隔膜装置或自动隔膜装置将前述实施例中的多层涂层转移到镜片的背面。
使用手动装置的转移参数如下:
-台架与隔膜环之间的距离:              31mm
-隔膜压力(通过隔膜施加在模具上的压力):12psi(0.827巴)
UV辐射:                               具有D灯泡部件的Dymax
                                       5000-EC泛光UV光
                                       n°38560
                                       强度135mW/cm2
-曝光(固化)时间:                      30秒
-总的BST处理时间:                     65秒
使用自动隔膜装置的转移参数如下:
-台架与隔膜环之间的距离:              27.5mm
-隔膜压力(通过隔膜施加在模具上的压力):12psi(0.827巴)
-膨胀时间:                            21-23秒
-放气时间:                            3秒
-UV辐射:                              UV灯
                                       氙(890-1866B)
                                       4.2”螺旋灯(无臭氧)
                                       脉冲UV(100PPS)
-曝光(固化)时间:                          25秒
-总的BST处理时间:                         120秒
在转移多层涂层之后,使用Horizon 2边缘(edge)(气压10-12psi(0.689-0.827巴))将镜片-载体组件在低速环(slow cycle)上边缘加工(edge)。最后,使用压缩空气将载体吹离镜片。
表5、6和7中汇集了粘合剂配方和性能。
使用自动隔膜装置进行实施例4-23,而使用手动隔膜装置进行实施例24-28。
结果说明,使用BST法,本发明的粘合剂组合物产生涂布镜片,所述BST法使得涂层良好的粘着到基材上,无浑浊度、无施涂污渍和具有至少可接受的临界温度Tc。
                                                                                                       表5
  配方(重量%)   实施例
  4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23
  二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯(SR 230)   28.9   28.8   28.9   55.0   48.7   39.0   48.7   38.6   28.8   28.7   18.9   9.0   58.9   48.6   38.9   38.5   28.8   18.9   9.8   24.3
  4EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(CD 540)   29.1   29.2   38.7   31.6   29.3   28.9   29.4   29.3   29.1   29.7   29.2   29.4   29.0   29.3   29.2   29.8   29.1   29.3   31.3   29.1
  BMTPS   29.0   29.0   29.5   9.9   9.0   9.1   18.9   18.9   19.0   28.7   28.8   28.7   9.0   19.0   18.9   28.7   28.8   28.9   31.5   -
  BMTES   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   43.7
  丙烯酸苄酯   10.1   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   10.0   -   10.2   19.9   24.2   -
  甲基丙烯酸苄酯   -   10.0   -   -   10.0   19.9   -   10.1   20.0   9.9   20.1   29.9   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  IRGACURE819   2.9   3.0   2.9   3.5   3.0   3.0   3.1   3.1   3.1   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.1   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.2   2.9
BMTPS=二(甲基丙烯酰基硫代苯基)硫醚
BMTPS=二(甲基丙烯酰基硫代乙基)硫醚
                                                                                                 表6
  性能   实施例
  4   5   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22
  配方(BST(1)之前)   *   **   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   - * * * -
  固化前25℃下粘合剂的折射率   1.5020   1.5075   1.5125   1.5220   1.5265   1.5320   1.5430   1.5500   1.5545   -   1.5215   1.5265   1.5405   1.545   1.551   1.557
  HMC(2)转移   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有   有
  浑浊度   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无
  施涂污渍   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无   无
  粘着性   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好   好
(1)BST=背面处理                               (2)HMC=多层涂层
*需要加热溶解                                 **需要加热溶解。室温下≈1小时之后沉淀。
                                               需要加热再溶解
                                    表7
  实施例
  24   25   26   27   28
  配方重量%
  二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯(SR 230)   29.0   38.7   48.6   29.0   39.0
  4EO双酚A二甲基丙烯酸酯(CD 540)   39.0   39.3   39.5   49.1   48.9
  BMTPS   29.0   19.0   8.9   18.9   9.0
  IRGACURE819   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.0   3.0
  性能
  配方(BST之前)   *   -   -   -   -
  固化前25℃下粘合剂的折射率   1.546   1.5285   1.5025   1.535   1.5165
  HMC转移   好   好   好   好   好
  浑浊度   无   无   无   无   无
  施涂污渍   无   无   无   无   无
  粘着性   0   0   0   0   0

Claims (63)

1、一种可光固化粘合剂组合物,基于组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总重量,所述组合物包含:
5-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
5-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-50重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C);
条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯。
2、权利要求1的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含:
-至少15重量%(A);
-至少9重量%(B);和
-至少25重量%(C)。
3、权利要求1的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含:
20-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
20-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C),基于可光聚合组合物的总重量。
4、权利要求1的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含20-60重量%(A)、30-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C)。
5、权利要求1的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含:
20-50重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
30-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
6、权利要求1的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物包含:
20-40重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
35-45重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
25-35重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
7、权利要求1-5中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的计算溶解度参数为8-12(cal/cm3)1/2
8、权利要求7的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的计算溶解度参数为8.5-11.5(cal/cm3)1/2
9、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的分子量<500。
10、权利要求9的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的分子量≤350。
11、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)为低折射率单体。
12、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中所述单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)为非芳族单或多丙烯酸酯单体。
13、权利要求12的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中单体(A)选自二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸四乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯和丙烯酸四氢糠酯。
14、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(B)为高折射率单体。
15、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(B)为下式的单体:
其中R为通过芳环或借助于直链烷基链直接连接到硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的硫原子上的直链或支化、一价或多价脂族烃基,或一价或多价芳族基,基团R在其链中可包括一个或多个选自如下基团:
               -O-、 -S-、
Figure A2004800167980004C1
R1为H或-CH3;且
n为1-6的整数。
16、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体(C)为乙氧基化的双酚A单体。
17、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,所述组合物进一步包含至少一种光引发剂。
18、权利要求17的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中对于100重量份可聚合单体和/或低聚物而言,光引发剂为0,1-5重量份。
19、以上权利要求中任一项的可光固化粘合剂组合物,其中固化之后,粘合剂组合物的折射率为1.53-1.65。
20、一种将涂层从支持物转移到热塑性材料基材的表面上的方法,所述方法包括:
-提供具有至少一个主表面的热塑性材料基材;
-提供具有内表面和外表面的支持物,所述内表面带有涂层;
-在基材的主表面上或在涂层上沉积预先测定量的可固化粘合剂组合物,基于组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总重量,所述组合物包含:
5-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
5-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-50重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C);
条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯;
-使基材和支持物彼此相对移动以使涂层与可固化粘合剂组合物接触或使可固化粘合剂组合物与基材的主表面接触;
-施加足够的压力到支持物的外表面上以便一旦可固化组合物固化,最终可固化粘合剂涂层的厚度少于100μm;
-使粘合剂组合物的层固化;和
-将支持物取出以获得具有涂层的基材,所述涂层粘着到基材的主表面上。
21、权利要求20的方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
-至少15重量%(A);
-至少9重量%(B);和
-至少25重量%(C)。
22、权利要求20的方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
20-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C),基于可光聚合组合物的总重量。
23、权利要求20的方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含20-60重量%(A)、30-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C)。
24、权利要求20的方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-50重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
30-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
25、权利要求20的方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-40重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
35-45重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
25-35重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
26、权利要求20-25中任一项的方法,其中基材的热塑性材料为高折射率材料。
27、权利要求20-26中任一项的方法,其中基材的热塑性材料为聚碳酸酯。
28、权利要求20-27中任一项的方法,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的计算溶解度参数为8-12(cal/cm3)1/2
29、权利要求28的方法,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的计算溶解度参数为8.5-11.5(cal/cm3)1/2
30、权利要求20-29中任一项的方法,其中所述至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)的分子量<500。
31、权利要求30的方法,其中所述至少一种单体(A)的分子量≤350。
32、权利要求20-31中任一项的方法,其中所述至少一种单体(A)为低折射率单体。
33、权利要求20-32中任一项的方法,其中所述单或多丙烯酸酯单体(A)为非芳族单或多丙烯酸酯单体。
34、权利要求33的方法,其中单体(A)选自二丙烯酸二乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸三乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸四乙二醇酯、二丙烯酸新戊二醇酯、二丙烯酸1,6-己二醇酯和丙烯酸四氢糠酯。
35、权利要求20-34中任一项的方法,其中所述至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(B)为高折射率单体。
36、权利要求20-35中任一项的方法,其中至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体(B)选自下式的单体:
Figure A2004800167980006C1
其中R为通过芳环或借助于直链烷基链直接连接到硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的硫原子上的直链或支化、一价或多价脂族烃基,或一价或多价芳族基,基团R在其链中可包括一个或多个选自如下基团:
         -O-、-S-、
Figure A2004800167980006C2
R1为H或-CH3;且
n为1-6的整数,优选1-3。
37、权利要求36的方法,其中n为整数1-3。
38、权利要求20-37中任一项的方法,其中至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体(C)为乙氧基化的双酚A单体。
39、权利要求20-38中任一项的方法,所述可光聚合粘合剂组合物进一步包含至少一种光引发剂。
40、权利要求39的方法,其中对于100重量份可光聚合单体而言,光引发剂为0,1-5重量份。
41、权利要求20-40中任一项的方法,其中基材为镜片毛坯,且主表面为镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面。
42、权利要求41的方法,其中支持物为柔性支持物部件,当使其接触时,所述柔性支持物部件具有符合镜片毛坯的几何学上定义的表面的内表面。
43、权利要求41或42的方法,其中支持物由聚碳酸酯制成。
44、权利要求20-43中任一项的方法,其中支持物的厚度为0.3-1mm。
45、权利要求20-44中任一项的方法,其中最终固化的粘合剂层的厚度少于80μm。
46、权利要求20-44中任一项的方法,其中最终固化的粘合剂层的厚度少于50μm。
47、权利要求20-46中任一项的方法,其中最终固化的粘合剂层的折射率为1.53-1.65。
48、权利要求20-47中任一项的方法,其中施加的压力为5-50Psi(0.35-3.5kgf/cm3)。
49、权利要求20-48中任一项的方法,其中涂层包含疏水表层、抗反射涂层、耐磨损涂层、耐冲击涂层、光致变色涂层、染色涂层偏振化涂层、印刷层或两种或多种上述涂层的多层涂层。
50、权利要求49的方法,其中涂层具有的厚度为50μm或更少。
51、权利要求20-50中任一项的方法,其中基材为一个表面已提供有涂层的的半成品镜片。
52、权利要求51的方法,其中已提供有涂层的表面为镜片的前面并且在其上转移涂层的几何学上定义的表面为镜片的背面。
53、权利要求42的方法,其中通过可膨胀隔膜相对于镜片毛坯推动柔性支持物。
54、一种重叠模制方法,所述方法包括:
-提供具有至少一个主表面的热塑性材料基材;
-提供具有内表面和外表面的模具部件;
-在基材的主表面上或在模具部件的内表面上沉积预先测定量的可固化粘合剂组合物,基于组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总重量,所述组合物包含:
5-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
5-50重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-50重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C);
条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯;
-使基材和模具部件彼此相对移动以使模具部件的内表面或基材的主表面与可固化粘合剂组合物接触;
-施加足够的压力到模具部件的外表面上以使可固化粘合剂组合物均匀分散并形成均匀层,一旦可固化组合物固化,层的厚度为至少200μm。
-使粘合剂组合物的层固化;和
-将模具部件取出以获得重叠模制有可固化粘合剂组合物的固化涂层的基材。
55、权利要求54的重叠模制方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
-至少15重量%(A);
-至少9重量%(B);和
-至少25重量%(C)。
56、权利要求54的重叠模制方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
20-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C),基于可光聚合组合物的总重量。
57、权利要求56的重叠模制方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含20-60重量%(A)、30-50重量%(B)和20-40重量%(C)。
58、权利要求54的重叠模制方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-50重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
30-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-40重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
59、权利要求54的重叠模制方法,其中可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
20-40重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
35-45重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
25-35重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C)。
60、权利要求54-59中任一项的重叠模制方法,其中在沉积可固化粘合剂组合物之前将待转移的涂层施涂到模具部件的内表面上。
61、权利要求54-60中任一项的重叠模制方法,其中可固化粘合剂组合物的重叠模制的固化涂层的厚度为至少500μm。
62、一种制备层压热塑性制品的方法,所述方法包括:将预先测定量的可光固化粘合剂组合物沉积到由热塑性材料制成的第一部件的主表面上;
使沉积的可光固化粘合剂组合物与由热塑性材料制成的第二部件的主表面接触;
将第一和第二部件彼此挤压以使可固化粘合剂组合物均匀分散形成均匀的薄层;并且使薄层光固化以获得层压制品,其中基于组合物的可光聚合单体和/或低聚物的总重量,可光固化粘合剂组合物包含:
5-60重量%至少一种单或多丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(A);
5-50重量%至少一种硫代(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(B);和
20-50重量%至少一种芳族二甲基丙烯酸酯单体或其低聚物(C);
条件是该组合物不含有溴化单官能丙烯酸酯;
63、权利要求62的方法,其中制品为眼镜片。
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