CN1720029A - 治疗下泌尿道症状的α-2-δ配体 - Google Patents
治疗下泌尿道症状的α-2-δ配体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1720029A CN1720029A CNA2003801052910A CN200380105291A CN1720029A CN 1720029 A CN1720029 A CN 1720029A CN A2003801052910 A CNA2003801052910 A CN A2003801052910A CN 200380105291 A CN200380105291 A CN 200380105291A CN 1720029 A CN1720029 A CN 1720029A
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- methyl
- luts
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- chemical compound
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Abstract
α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的衍生物在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS的药物中的用途。
Description
本发明涉及(α-2-δ配体及其药学上可接受的衍生物的新用途。特别是,本发明涉及加巴喷丁和普加巴林的新用途。
下泌尿道症状(LUTS)包括三类症状:刺激症状、阻塞症状和排尿后症状。刺激症状包括尿急、尿频和夜尿症,其与膀胱活动过度(OAB)和良性前列腺增生(BPH)有关。
膀胱活动过度(OAB)被定义为伴有或没有欲望性尿失禁的尿急,并通常伴有尿频和夜尿症[Abrams等人,Neurourology and Urodynamics 21:167-178(2002)]。男性和女性的OAB患病率相似,美国有大约16%的人口患有该症状[Stewart等人,Prevalence of Overactive Bladder in the UnitedStates:Result from the NOBLE Program;摘要发表于the 2nd InternationalConsultation on Incontinence,2001年7月,法国巴黎]。
术语湿性OAB和干性OAB分别描述了伴有或没有尿失禁的OAB病人。直到最近,OAB的主要症状被认为是尿失禁。但是,随着新术语的出现,该症状对于大量的非失禁病人(即干性OAB病人)来说很显然是没有意义的。因而,Liberman等人近来的研究[Health Related Quality of Life AmongAdults with Symptoms of Overactive Bladder:Results From A USCommunity-Based Survey;Urology 57(6),1044-1050,2001]调查了所有的OAB症状对于美国人口的社会样本的生活质量的影响。该研究显示与对照组相比,无任何明显尿失禁的患OAB个体生活质量受损。
BHP是一种慢性发展疾病,其可以导致诸如急性尿潴留、复发性泌尿道感染、膀胱结石和肾功能不全等并发症。男性中与BPH相关的LUTS患病率和平均严重性随着年龄而增加。
BHP导致前列腺体积增大、尿道和膀胱流出道梗阻以及膀胱功能的次级变化。该作用表现为存储(刺激)和排泄(阻塞)症状。
已经描述了适用于大量适应症的α-2-δ配体。最著名的α-2-δ配体是加巴喷丁(I),被称为Neurontin,其是1-(氨基甲基)-环己基乙酸,最早描述于包括US4024175的专利同族的专利文献中。
该化合物已批准用于治疗癫痫和神经性疼痛。
第二种α-2-δ配体,普加巴林(II),((S)-(+)-4-氨基-3-(2-甲基丙基)丁酸),描述于欧洲专利申请公开号EP641330中,作为抗惊厥治疗剂用于治疗癫痫,以及描述于EP0934061中,用于治疗疼痛。
近来,国际专利公开号WO02/085839描述了具有下式的α-2-δ配体,它们用于治疗大量适应症,包括疼痛:
其中,R1和R2各自独立地选自H、直链或支链的1-6个碳原子的烷基、3-6个碳原子的环烷基、苯基和苄基,其条件是除了式(XVIII)的三环辛烷化合物之外,R1和R2不同时为氢。
α-2-δ配体的其它例子是下面所示的化合物:
本发明有用的环状α-2-δ配体由下式(I)或其药学上可接受的盐表示:
其中X是羧酸或羧酸生物电子等排体;
n为0,1或2;和
R1、R1a、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4和R4a独立地选自H和C1-C6烷基,或R1和R2或者R2和R3一起形成C3-C7环烷基环,该环任选被一个或两个选自C1-C6烷基的取代基取代。
式(I)中,合适地,R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3独立地选自H和甲基,或者R1a、R2a、R3a和R4a均为H,且R1和R2或者R2和R3一起形成C3-C7环烷基环,该环任选被一个或两个甲基取代基取代。合适的羧酸生物电子等排体选自四唑基和噁二唑酮基(oxadiazolonyl)。X优选为羧酸。
式(I)中,优选R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3独立地选自H和甲基,或者R1a、R2a、R3a和R4a均为H,且R1和R2或者R2和R3一起形成C4-C5环烷基环;或者当n为0时,R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3形成环戊基环;或者当n为1时,R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3均为甲基或者R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3形成环丁基环;或者当n为2时,R1、R1a、R2、R2a、R3、R3a、R4和R4a均为H;或者n为0,R1、R1a、R2a、R3a、R4和R4a均为H,且R2和R3形成环戊基环。
本发明有用的非环状α-2-δ配体由下式(II)或其药学上可接受的盐表示:
其中:
n为0或1,R1为氢或(C1-C6)烷基;R2为氢或(C1-C6)烷基;R3为氢或(C1-C6)烷基;R4为氢或(C1-C6)烷基;R5为氢或(C1-C6)烷基且R2为氢或(C1-C6)烷基。
式(II)中,合适地,R1为C1-C6烷基,R2为甲基,R3-R6为氢且n为0或1。更合适地,R1为甲基、乙基、正丙基或正丁基,R2为甲基,R3-R6为氢且n为0或1。当R2为甲基,R3-R6为氢且n为0时,R1合适地为乙基、正丙基或正丁基。当R2为甲基,R3-R6为氢且n为1时,R1合适地为甲基或正丙基。式(II)化合物优选呈3S,5R构型。
用于本发明的α-2-δ配体的例子是那些在下述专利中概要或具体公开的化合物:US4024175,尤其是加巴喷丁,EP641330,尤其是普加巴林,US5563175,WO9733858,WO9733859,WO9931057,WO9931074,WO9729101,WO02085839,尤其是[(1R,5R,6S)-6-(氨基甲基)二环[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸,WO9931075,尤其是3-(1-氨基甲基-环己基甲基)-4H-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-酮和C-[1-(1H-四唑-5-基甲基)-环庚基]-甲胺,WO9921824,尤其是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)乙酸,WO0190052,WO0128978,尤其是(1α,3α,5α)(3-氨基-甲基-二环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)乙酸,EP0641330,WO9817627,WO0076958,尤其是(3S,5R)-3-氨基甲基-5-甲基辛酸,PCT/IB03/00976,尤其是(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基庚酸,(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基壬酸和(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基辛酸,EP1178034,EP1201240,WO9931074,WO03000642,WO0222568,WO0230871,WO0230881,WO02100392,WO02100347,WO0242414,WO0232736和WO0228881,或其药学上可接受的盐,上述所有内容均引入本文作为参考。
本发明优选的α-2-δ配体包括:加巴喷丁、普加巴林、[(1R,5R,6S)-6-(氨基甲基)二环[3.2.0]庚-6-基]乙酸、3-(1-氨基甲基-环己基甲基)-4H-[1,2,4]噁二唑-5-酮、C-[1-(1H-四唑-5-基甲基)-环庚基]-甲胺、(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基-环戊基)乙酸、(1α,3α,5α)(3-氨基-甲基-二环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)乙酸、(3S,5R)-3-氨基甲基-5-甲基辛酸、(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基庚酸、(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基壬酸和(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基辛酸或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明特别优选的α-2-δ配体选自加巴喷丁、普加巴林和(1α,3α,5α)(3-氨基-甲基-二环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐。
WO00/01135描述了谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的类似物用于治疗失禁的用途。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现如上所述的α-2-δ配体有用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS。更具体地,已经发现α-2-δ配体有用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的尿频方面。该发现是令人惊讶的,这是由于不能预计已知用于治疗尿失禁(即是由于肌肉控制问题导致的讨厌的和经常无意识的尿漏出)的化合物能够减少OAB和BPH患者忍受的尿频症状。
因此,本发明提供了α-2-δ配体及其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS的用途。
优选LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地,当LUTS与OAB有关时,该OAB是干性OAB。
优选地,α-2-δ-1-配体选自:
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中R1和R2各自独立地选自H、直链或支链的1-6个碳原子的烷基、3-6个碳原子的环烷基、苯基和苄基,其条件是除了式(XVIII)的三环辛烷化合物之外,R1和R2不同时为氢;或选自
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
更优选的α-2-δ配体是加巴喷丁(I)、普加巴林(II)或(1α,3α,5α)(3-氨基-甲基-二环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)乙酸(III’),
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的衍生物可以单独给药或者呈任何便利的药物形式给药。优选口服给药。在本发明适应症中,α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的衍生物中的活性部分的合适剂量为约5-50mg/kg体重,并优选约0.1-200mg/kg。
本发明还提供了一种治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS的方法,其包括向需要上述治疗的病人给药α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
α-2-δ配体,尤其是上述化合物,可与其它化合物联合使用。例如,它们可与α1-肾上腺素拮抗剂联合使用。
因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与α1-肾上腺素拮抗剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和α1-肾上腺素拮抗剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。
用于与α-2-δ配体组合的α1-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂包括,但不限于:
(i)特拉唑嗪(US4026894);
(ii)多沙唑嗪(US4188390);
(iii)哌唑嗪(US3511836);
(iv)布那唑嗪(US3920636);
(v)阿夫唑嗪(US4315007);
(vi)萘哌地尔(US3997666);
(vii)坦洛新(US4703063);
(viii)silodosin(US5387603);或
(ix)国际专利申请公开号WO98/30560中公开的化合物(尤其是实施例19及其甲磺酸盐)。
这些专利申请的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活性化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
或者,α-2-δ配体可与显示有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物联合使用。因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与显示有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和显示有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。
可用于本发明用途的具有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物包括,但不限于下述化合物:
(i)氟西汀、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰、vanlafaxine、奈法唑酮、曲唑酮、度洛西汀和瑞波西汀(外消旋体和对映异构纯的形式,例如S,S-瑞波西汀);和
(ii)在欧洲专利公开号1220831和1154984、US4018830、国际专利公开号WO97/17325、US5190965、US5430063、US4161529和美国临时申请号60/121313中公开的化合物。
这些专利申请的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活性化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
另外,α-2-δ配体可与HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂联合使用。因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。
可用于本发明用途的HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂包括,但不限于下述化合物:
(i)氟伐他汀钠,[R*,S*,-(E)]-(±)-7-[3-(4-氟代苯基)-1-(1-甲基乙基)-H-吲哚-2-基]-3,5-二羟基-6-庚酸单钠盐;
(ii)西立伐他汀钠,[S-[R*,S*-(E)]-7-[4-(4-氟代苯基)-5-甲氧基甲基)-2,6-二(1-甲基乙基)-3-吡啶基]-3,5-二羟基-6-庚酸盐;
(iii)阿托伐他汀钙,[R-([R*,R*)]-2-(4-氟代苯基)-β,δ-二羟基-5-(1-甲基乙基)-3-苯基-4-[(苯基氨基)羰基]-1H-吡咯-1-庚酸钙盐(2∶1)三水合物;
(iv)洛伐他汀,{S-[1-α(R*),3-α,7-β,8-β(2S*,4S*),8aβ]}-1,2,3,7,
8,8a-六氢-3,7-二甲基-8-[2-(四氢-4-羟基-6-氧代-2H-吡喃-2-基)乙基]-1-萘基-2-甲基丁酸酯;
(v)普伐他汀钠,1-萘-庚酸,1,2,6,7,8,8a-六氢-β,δ,6-三羟基-2-甲基-8-(2-甲基-1-氧代丁氧基)单钠盐,{1S-[1α(β*,δ*),2α,6α,8β(R*),8aα]};和
(vi)辛伐他汀,丁酸,2,2-二甲基-1,2,3,7,8,8a-六氢--3,7-二甲基-8-[2-(四氢-4-羟基-6-氧代-2H-吡喃-2-基)乙基]-1-萘基酯,{1S-[1α,3α,7β,8β(2S*,4S*),-8aβ]}。
另外,α-2-δ配体可与PDEV抑制剂联合使用。因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与PDEV抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和PDEv抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。
可用于与α-2-δ配体组合的PDEV抑制剂包括,但不限于:
(i)在国际专利申请公开号WO03/000691、WO02/64590、WO02/28865、WO02/28859、WO02/38563、WO02/36593、WO02/28858、WO02/00657、WO02/00656、WO02/10166、WO02/00658、WO01/94347、WO01/94345、WO00/1 5639和WO00/15228中提到的PDE5抑制剂;
(ii)在US6143746、6143747和6043252中提到的PDE5抑制剂;
(iii)在EP-A-0463756中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;EP-A-0526004中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO93/06104中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO93/07149中公开的异构的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO93/12095中公开的喹唑啉-4-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO94/05661中公开的吡啶并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO94/00453中公开的嘌令-6-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO98/49166中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO95/54333中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;EP-A-0995751中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO00/24745中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;EP-A-0995750中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO95/19978中公开的六氢吡嗪并[2’,1’:6,1]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1,4-二酮;WO00/27848中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮;EP-A-1092719和已出版国际专利申请WO99/24433中公开的咪唑开[5,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪酮和已出版国际专利申请WO93/07124中公开的双环化合物;已出版国际专利申请WO01/27112中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;已出版国际专利申请WO01/27113中公开的吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮;EP-A-1092718中公开的化合物和EP-A-1092719中公开的化合物;EP-A-1241170中公开的三环化合物;已出版国际专利申请WO02/074774中公开的烷基砜化合物;已出版国际专利申请WO02/072586中公开的化合物;已出版国际专利申请WO02/079203中公开的化合物和WO02/074312中公开的化合物。
(iv)优选地5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基磺酰)苯基]-1-甲基-3-正丙基-1,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(西地那非,例如以Viagra出售),也称之为1-[[3-(6,7-二氢-1-甲基-7-氧代-3-丙基-1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-5-基)-4-乙氧基苯基]磺酰基]-4-甲基哌嗪(参见EP-A-0463756);5-(2-乙氧基-5-吗啉乙酰苯基)-1-甲基-3-正丙基-1,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见EP-A-0526004);3-乙基-5-[5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)-2-正丙氧基苯基]-2-(吡啶-2-基)甲基-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO98/49166);3-乙基-5-[5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)-2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)吡啶-3-基]-2-(吡啶-2-基)甲基-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO99/54333);(+)-3-乙基-5-[5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)-2-(2-甲氧基-(1R)-甲基乙氧基)吡啶-3-基]-2-甲基-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮,也称之为3-乙基-5-{5-[4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基]-2([(1R)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]氧)吡啶-3-基}-2-甲基-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO99/54333);5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)吡啶-3-基]-3-乙基-2-[2-甲氧基乙基]-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮,也称之为1-{6-乙氧基-5-[3-乙基-6,7-二氢-2-(2-甲氧基乙基)-7-氧代-2H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-5-基]-3-吡啶磺酰基}-4-乙基哌嗪(参见WO01/27113,实施例8);5-[2-异丁氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)吡啶-3-基]-3-乙基-2-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO01/27113,实施例15);5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)吡啶-3-基]-3-乙基-2-苯基-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO01/27113,实施例66);5-(5-乙酰基-2-丙氧基-3-吡啶基)-3-乙基-2-(1-异丙基-3-氮杂环丁烷基)-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO01/27113,实施例124);5-(5-乙酰基-2-丁氧基-3-吡啶基)-3-乙基-2-(1-乙基-3-氮杂环丁烷基)-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮(参见WO01/27113,实施例132);(6R,12aR)-2,3,6,7,12,12a-六氢-2-甲基-6-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)吡嗪并[2’,1’:6,1]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1,4-二酮(他达拉非,IC-351,Cialis),即是已出版的国际申请WO95/19978的实施例78和95化合物,以及实施例1、3、7和8的化合物;2-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-5-甲基-7-丙基-3H-咪唑并[5,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-4-酮(伐地那非,LEVITRA),也称之为1-[[3-(3,4-二氢-5-甲基-4-氧代-7-丙基咪唑并[5,1-f]-as-三嗪-2-基)-4-乙氧基苯基]磺酰基]-4-乙基哌嗪,即是已出版的国际申请WO99/24433的实施例20、19、337和336化合物;已出版的国际申请WO93/07124的实施例11化合物(EISAI);Rotella D P,J.Med,Chem.,2000,43,1257中的化合物3和14;4-(4-氯苄基)氨基-6,7,8-三甲氧基喹唑啉;N-[[3-(4,7-二氢-1-甲基-7-氧代-3-丙基-1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-5-基)-4-丙氧基苯基]磺酰基]-1-甲基-2-吡咯烷丙酰胺[“DA-8159”(WO00/27848的实施例68)];7,8-二氢-8-氧代-6-[2-丙氧基苯基]-1H-咪唑并[4,5-g]喹唑啉和1-[3-[1-[(4-氟苯基)甲基]-7,8-二氢-8-氧代-1H-咪唑并[4,5-g]喹唑啉-6-基]-4-丙氧基苯基]羧酰胺。
(V)4-溴-5-(吡啶甲基氨基)-6-[3-(4-氯苯基)-丙氧基]-3(2H)哒嗪酮;1-[4-[(1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基甲基)氨基]-6-氯-2-喹唑啉基(quinozolinyl)]-4-哌啶羧酸单钠盐;(+)-顺式-5,6a,7,9,9,9a-六氢-2-[4-(三氟甲基)-苯基甲基-5-甲基-环戊-4,5]咪唑并[2,1-b]嘌呤-4(3H)酮;furazlocillin;顺式-2-己基-5-甲基-3,4,5,6a,7,8,9,9a-八氢环戊[4,5]-咪唑并[2,1-b]嘌呤-4-酮;3-乙酰基-1-(2-氟苄基)-2-丙基吲哚-6-羧酸酯;3-乙酰基-1-(2-氯苄基)-2-丙基吲哚-6-羧酸酯;4-溴-5-(3-吡啶甲基氨基)-6-(3-(4-氯苯基)丙氧基)-3-(2H)哒嗪酮;1-甲基-5-(5-吗啉乙酰基-2-正丙氧基苯基)-3-正丙基-1,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并(4,3-d)嘧啶-7-酮;1-[4-[(1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基甲基)氨基]-6-氯-2-喹唑啉基]-4-哌啶羧酸单钠盐;Pharmaprojects第4516号(Glaxo Wellcome);Pharmaprojects第5051号(Bayer);Pharmaprojects第5064号(Kyowa Hakko;参见WO96/26940);Pharmaprojects第5069号(Schering Plough);GF-196960(Glaxo Wellcome);E-8010和E-4010(Eisai);Bay-38-3045和38-9456(Bayer);FR229934和FR226807(Fujisawa);和Sch-51866。
这些专利申请和期刊文章的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活性化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
优选地,PDEV抑制剂选自西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非、DA-8159和5-[2-乙氧基-5-(4-乙基哌嗪-1-基磺酰基)吡啶-3-基]-3-乙基-2-[2-甲氧基乙基]-2,6-二氢-7H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-7-酮。
最优选PDEV抑制剂是西地那非及其药学上可接受的盐。枸橼酸西地那非是优选的盐。
或者,α-2-δ配体可与毒蕈碱拮抗剂组合。因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与毒蕈碱拮抗剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和毒蕈碱拮抗剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。
毒蕈碱拮抗剂可以选择性作用于M3受体或者可以是非选择性的,表现出对M1、M2和M3拮抗。优选选择性作用于M3受体的拮抗剂。
可用于与α-2-δ配体组合的毒蕈碱拮抗剂包括,但不限于:
(i)阿托品、fluvoxate、东莨菪碱、奥昔布宁、托特罗定和国际专利公开号WO89/06644中公开的化合物、丙胺太林、丙哌维林、托螺吡咯和国际专利公开号WO98/05641中公开的化合物,以及其药学上可接受的盐。
(ii)特别优选的是达非那新、奥昔布宁、托特罗定和国际专利公开号WO89/06644中公开的化合物和国际专利公开号WO98/05641中公开的化合物,以及其其药学上可接受的盐。
特别关注的是托特罗定。
这些专利申请和期刊文章的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活生化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
或者,α-2-δ配体可与环氧合酶抑制剂组合。因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与COX抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和COX抑制剂的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS不是尿失禁。更优选地,LUTS是尿频。优选地,LUTS与BPH有关。优选地当LUTS与OAB有关时,其是干性OAB。优选COX抑制剂是COX2抑制剂。
可用于与α-2-δ配体组合的COX抑制剂包括,但不限于:
(i)布洛芬、萘普生、苯噁洛芬、氟比洛芬、非诺洛芬、芬布芬、酮洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、奥沙普秦、prapoprofen、咪洛芬、硫噁洛芬、舒洛芬、阿明洛芬、噻洛芬酸、氟洛芬、布氯酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、托美丁、佐美酸、双氯芬酸、fenclofenec、阿氯芬酸、异丁芬酸、伊索克酸、呋罗芬酸、硫平酸、齐多美辛、乙酰水杨酸、吲哚美辛、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、萘丁美酮、酮咯酸、阿扎丙宗、甲芬那酸、托芬那酸、二氟尼柳、鬼臼毒素衍生物、阿西美辛、屈噁昔康、夫洛非宁、羟基保泰松、保泰松、丙谷美辛、阿西美辛、芬替酸、环氯茚酸、oxipinac、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸、氟芬那酸、尼氟酸、氟苯柳、舒多昔康、依托度酸、piprofen、水杨酸、三水杨酸胆碱镁、水杨酸酯、贝诺酯、芬替酸、clopinac、非普拉宗、伊索昔康和2-氟-a-甲基[1,1’-联苯基]-4-乙酸,4-(硝基氧)丁基酯(参见Wenk等人,Europ.J。Pharmacol.453:319-324(2002));
(ii)美洛昔康(CAS登记号71125-38-7;描述于US4233299中),或其药学上可接受的盐或前药;
(iii)描述于US6271253中的取代的苯并呋喃衍生物。以及描述于US6034256和6077850以及国际公开号WO98/47890和WO00/23433中的苯并呋喃衍生物;
(iv)描述于US6077850和6034256中的色烯COX2选择性抑制剂;
(v)国际专利申请公开号WO95/30656、WO95/30652、WO96/38418和WO96/38442中描述的化合物,和欧洲专利申请公开号799823中描述的化合物,以及其药学上可接受的衍生物;
(vi)塞来考昔(US5466823)、伐地考昔(US5633272)、地拉考昔(US5521207)、罗非考昔(US5474995)、艾托考昔(国际专利申请公开号WO98/03484)、JTE-522(日本专利申请公开号9052882)或其药学上可接受的盐或前药;
(vii)帕瑞考昔(描述于US5932598),其是三环Cox-2选择性抑制剂伐地考昔(描述于US5633272)的治疗有效前药,尤其是帕瑞考昔钠;
(viii)ABT-963(描述于国际专利申请公开号WO00/24719);
(ix)尼美舒利(描述于US3840597)、氟舒胺(论述于J.Carter,Exp.Opin.Ther.Patents,8(1),21-29(1997))、NS-398(公开于US4885367)、SD8381(描述于US6034256)、BMS-347070(描述于US6180651)、S-2474(描述于欧洲专利公开号595546)和MK-966(描述于US5968974);
(x)描述于US6395724、US6077868、US5994381、US6362209、US608076、US6133292、US6369275、US6127545、US6130334、US6204387、US6071936、US6001843、US6040450、国际专利申请公开号WO96/03392、国际专利申请公开号WO96/24585、US6340694、US6376519、US6153787、US6046217、US6329421、US6239137、US6136831、US6297282、US6239173、US6303628、US6310079、US6300363、US6077869、US6140515、US5994379、US6028202、US6040320、US6083969、US6306890、US6307047、US6004948、US6169188、US6020343、US5981576、US6222048、US6057319、US6046236、US6002014、US5945539、US6359182、国际专利申请公开号WO97/13755、国际专利申请公开号WO96/25928、国际专利申请公开号WO96/374679、国际专利申请公开号WO95/15316、国际专利申请公开号WO95/15315、国际专利申请公开号WO96/03385、国际专利申请公开号WO95/00501、国际专利申请公开号WO94/15932、国际专利申请公开号WO95/00501、国际专利申请公开号WO94/27980、国际专利申请公开号WO96/25405、国际专利申请公开号WO96/03388、国际专利申请公开号WO96/03387、US5344991、国际专利申请公开号WO95/00501、国际专利申请公开号WO96/16934、国际专利申请公开号WO96/03392、国际专利申请公开号WO96/09304、国际专利申请公开号WO98/47890和国际专利申请公开号WO00/24719中描述的化合物及其药学上可接受的衍生物。
任何上述专利申请的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活性化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
当治疗BPH时,α-2-δ配体可与减弱前列腺生长的化合物联合。例如,联合了α-2-δ配体和人5-α还原酶抑制化合物的制剂[参见国际专利申请WO95/28397]。
因此,本发明的另一方面是α-2-δ配体与人5-α还原酶抑制化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
另外,还提供了含有α-2-δ配体和人5-α还原酶抑制化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的产品,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与BPH有关的LUTS。
优选地,LUTS是尿频。
上述已出版专利申请的内容,尤其是权利要求中的治疗活性化合物的通式和示例化合物均整体引入本文作为参考。
当治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS,尤其是LUTS是尿频时,本文所述化合物和组合的应用可具有下述优点:与现有技术应用相比较,获得了更高的效力、更长的作用持续时间、较少的副作用、提高的选择性或其它更有用的特性。
本发明化合物由本领域熟练技术人员已知的方法制备。具体地,上述各个专利、专利申请和出版文件在此被引入作为本发明可组合使用的示例化合物、药物组合物、方法和试剂盒以及这些化合物的制备方法的参考。
适合用于本发明的药学上可接受的盐包括其酸加成盐和碱加成盐。
合适的酸加成盐是由形成无毒性盐的酸形成的。例子包括乙酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、碳酸氢盐/碳酸盐、硫酸氢盐/硫酸盐、硼酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、羟苯酰苯酸盐、盐酸盐/氯化物盐、氢溴酸盐/溴化物盐、氢碘酸盐/碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、萘甲酸盐(naphthylate)、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、乳清酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、蔗糖盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和三氟乙酸盐。
合适的碱加成盐是由形成无毒性盐的碱形成的。例子包括铝盐、精氨酸盐、N,N′-双苄基乙撑二胺盐、钙盐、胆碱盐、二乙胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、甘氨酸盐、赖氨酸盐、镁盐、葡甲胺盐、乙醇胺盐、钾盐、钠盐、氨基丁三醇盐和锌盐。
合适盐的综述参见Stahl和Wermuth的“Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use”(Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,德国,2002)。
适合用于本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以适当地通过将化合物与所需酸或碱的溶液混合在一起而容易地制备。该盐可从溶液中沉淀出来并且通过过滤收集,或者通过蒸发溶剂回收。该盐的电离程度可以在完全电离至几乎没有电离之间变化。
适合用于本发明的化合物可以呈非溶剂化和溶剂化形式。术语“溶剂合物”在本文中用来描述包含本发明化合物和一种或多种药学上可接受溶剂分子如乙醇的分子络合物。当所述溶剂是水时,采用术语“水合物”。
本发明范围内包括诸如包合物、药物-主体(drug-host)包涵体复合物的复合物,其中与上述溶剂合物相反,药物和主体以化学计量或非化学计量存在。还包括含有以化学计量或非化学计量存在的两种或多种有机和/或无机组分的药物复合物。所得复合物可以是电离的、部分电离的或非电离的。上述复合物的综述参见Haleblian的J Pharm Sci,64(8),1269-1288(1975年8月)。
在下文提及适合用于本发明的化合物的所有内容均包括其盐、溶剂合物和复合物,以及其盐的溶剂合物和复合物。
适合用于本发明的化合物包括如上文所定义的化合物,如下文所定义的其多晶型物、前药和异构体(包括光学异构体、几何异构体和互变异构体),以及同位素标记的化合物。
如上所述,本发明包括如上文所定义的适合用于本发明的化合物的所有多晶型物。
包括在本发明范围内的还有所谓的适合用于本发明的化合物的“前药”。因而,适合用于本发明的化合物的某些衍生物本身可能具有很小的或者不具有药理活性,但当将其给药于体内或身体上时,可以转化为具有所需活性的化合物,例如通过水解分裂。上述衍生物被称为“前药”。有关前药使用的进一步信息可以在“Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems”,Vol.14,ACSSymposium Series(T Higuchi和W Stella)和Pergamon出版社1987年出版的“Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design”(E B Roche编辑,AmericanPharmaceutical Association)中找到。
根据本发明的前药例如可以通过下述方法生产:用例如如H Bundgaard的“Design of Prodrugs”(Elsevier,1985)所述的本领域熟练技术人员已知作为“前体部分(pro-moieties)”的某些部分替代适合用于本发明的化合物中合适的官能团。
根据本发明的前药的一些例子包括:
(i)含有羧酸官能团(-COOH)的化合物的酯,例如由(C1-C8)烷基取代氢;
(ii)含有醇官能团(-OH)的化合物的醚,例如由(C1-C6)烷酰氧甲基取代氢;和
(iii)含有伯氨基或仲氨基官能团(-NH2或-NHR,其中R≠H)的化合物的酰胺,例如由(C1-C10)烷酰基取代一个或两个氢。
根据前述例子的取代基团的其它例子和其它前药类型的例子可以在上述参考文献中找到。
最后,某些适合用于本发明的化合物其自身可作为适合用于本发明的其它化合物的前药。
含有一个或多个不对称碳原子的适合用于本发明的化合物可以两个或多个立体异构体的形式存在。当化合物含有烯基或亚链烯基时,可以是几何顺式/反式(或Z/E)异构体。在化合物例如含有酮基或肟基或芳香部分时,可出现互变异构现象(“tautomerism”)。单个化合物可显示出一种以上的异构类型。
包括在本发明范围内的是上述适合用于本发明的化合物的所有立体异构体、几何异构体和互变异构体,包括呈一种以上的异构类型的化合物以及一种或多种上述化合物的混合物。还包括酸加成盐或碱加成盐,其中反离子是光学活性的,例如D-乳酸盐或L-赖氨酸,或者是消旋的,例如DL-酒石酸盐或DL-精氨酸。
本发明包括上述适合用于本发明的所有药学上可接受的同位素标记的化合物,其中一个或多个原子被具有相同原子数、但原子质量或质量数与天然常见的原子质量或质量数不同的原子所替代。
适合包含于本发明化合物中的同位素的例子包括氢的同位素例如2H或3H,碳的同位素例如11C、13C和14C,氯的同位素例如36Cl,氟的同位素例如18F,碘的同位素例如123I和125I,氮的同位素例如13N和15N,氧的同位素例如15O、17O和18O,磷的同位素例如32P,和硫的同位素例如35S。
本发明药学上可接受的溶剂合物包括那些其中结晶溶剂可被同位素取代例如D2O、d6-丙酮、d6-DMSO的物质。
预期用于医药应用的本发明化合物可以结晶或无定形产品给药。它们可以单独给药或与一种或多种本发明的其它化合物组合或与一种或多种其它药物组合(或以共任何组合)给药。通常,以结合了一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂的制剂给药。术语“赋形剂”在本文中用来描述除本发明化合物之外的任何成分。赋形剂的选择在很大程度上取决于诸如具体的给药方式、赋形剂的溶解性和稳定性效果和剂型的性质的因素。
适于本发明化合物传递的药物组合物及其制备方法对于本领域熟练技术人员是显而易见的。上述组合物及其制备方法例如记载于“Remington’sPharmaceutical Scienees”,第19版(Mack Publishing Company,1995)。
本发明化合物可口服给药。口服给药可包括吞咽,由此化合物进入胃肠道,或者采用口腔或舌下给药,由此化合物由口直接进入血流。
适于口服给药的制剂包括固体制剂,例如片剂、微粒胶囊、液体或粉剂、锭剂(包括充满液体的)、咀嚼剂、多颗粒剂和纳米颗粒剂、凝胶、固体溶液、脂质体、薄膜(包括粘膜粘着剂)、阴道栓剂、喷雾剂和液体制剂。
液体制剂包括悬液液、溶液、糖浆和酏剂。上述制剂可以软或硬胶囊中的填充物的形式进行应用,并且一般包含载体,例如水、乙醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甲基纤维素或合适的油,和一种或多种乳化剂和/或助悬剂。液体制剂还可以通过固体重构例如由囊剂制备中的那些。
本发明化合物还可以用于快速溶解、快速崩解剂型,例如描述于Liang和Chen的Expert Opinion in Therapeutic Patents,11(6),981-986。
对于片剂,根据剂量,药物可占该剂型的1wt%-80wt%,更常见占该剂型的5wt%-60wt%。除了药物之外,片剂通常还含有崩解剂。崩解剂的例子包括淀粉乙醇酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲纤维素钠、交联聚维酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、低级烷基取代的羟丙基纤维素、淀粉、预糊化淀粉和褐藻酸钠。通常,崩解剂占该剂型的1wt%-25wt%,优选占该剂型的5wt%-20wt%。
粘合剂通常用于使片剂具有粘合性质。合适的粘合剂包括微晶纤维素、明胶、糖、聚乙二醇、天然的和合成的胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、预糊化淀粉、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。片剂还可以含有稀释剂,例如乳糖(一水合物、喷雾干燥的一水合物、无水物等)、甘露醇、木糖醇、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、微晶纤维素、淀粉和磷酸氢钙二水合物。
片剂还任选地包含表面活性剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠和聚山梨醇酯80,以及助流剂例如二氧化硅和滑石。当存在上述物质时,表面活性剂可占片剂的0.2wt%-5wt%,且助流剂可占片剂的0.2wt%-1wt%。
通常,片剂还含有润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、硬脂基富马酸钠和硬脂酸镁与十二烷基硫酸钠的混合物。润滑剂通常占片剂的0.25wt%-10wt%,优选占片剂的0.5wt%-3wt%。
其它可能的成分包括抗氧化剂、着色剂、增香剂、防腐剂和遮味剂。
示例片剂含有多达80%药物、约10wt%-约90wt%粘合剂、约0wt%-约85wt%稀释剂、约2wt%-约10wt%崩解剂和约0.25wt%-约10wt%闰滑剂。
片剂混合物可直接压片或辊压成片。片剂混合物或部分混合物在制片之前可选择性地湿法制粒、干法制粒或熔融制粒、熔融凝结或挤压。最终制剂可包含一层或多层且被包衣或未包衣;其甚至可被密封。
片剂的讨论见H.Lieberman和L.Lachman的“Pharmaceutical DosageForms:Tablets,第1卷”,Marcel Dekker,N.Y.,N.Y.,1980(ISBN0-8247-9618-X)。
用于口服给药的固体制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
适用于本发明目的的改进释放制剂描述于US6106864中。其它合适的释放技术例如高能分散和渗透的包衣颗粒记载于Verma等人的Pharmaceutical Technology On-line,25(2),1-14(2001)中。口香糖用于获得受控释放的用途描述于WO00/35298中。
本发明化合物还可以直接给药到血流、肌肉或内部器官中。肠胃外给药的合适方式包括静脉内、动脉内、腹膜内、鞘内、心室内、尿道内、胸骨内、颅内、肌内和皮下给药。肠胃外给药的合适装置包括针式(包括微针)注射器、无针注射器和输注技术。
肠胃外制剂一般为含水溶液,其可含有赋形剂例如盐、碳水化合物和缓冲剂(优选pH3-9),但是对于一些应用,更适于将其配制成无菌非水溶液或用于与合适载体如无菌无热原水结合的干燥形式。
无菌条件下肠胃外制剂的制备可利用本领域熟练技术人员已知的标准制药技术容易地实现,例如通过冻干法。
用于制备肠胃外溶液的本发明化合物的溶解性可以通过使用合适的制剂技术增加,例如加入增强溶解性的试剂。
用于肠胃外给药的制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。因而,本发明化合物可被制成固体、半固体或植入长效制剂给药的触溶性液体从而提供了活性化合物的改进释放。上述制剂的例子包括涂敷了药物的支架和PGLA微球。
本发明化合物还可以局部施用于皮肤或粘膜,也即是表皮给药或透皮给药。出于该目的的常见制剂包括凝胶、水凝胶、洗剂、溶液、乳膏、软膏、撒粉、敷料、泡沫剂、薄膜、皮肤贴片、干胶片植入物、棉球、纤维、绷带和微乳剂。还可以使用脂质体。常见载体包括醇、水、矿物油、液体石蜡、白石蜡、甘油、聚乙二醇和丙二醇。可以加入渗透增强剂,参见例如Finnin和Morgan的J Pharm Sci,
88(10),955-958(1999年10月)。
其它局部给药方式包括通过电穿孔、离子电渗疗法、超声透入疗法、超声透入疗法和微型针注射或无针注射(例如PowderjectTM,BiojectTM等)传送。
用于局部给药的制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明化合物还可以鼻内给药或吸入给药,通常呈来自干粉吸入器的干粉形式(单独或呈混合物形式例如与乳糖的干混合物或呈混合组分的颗粒形式例如与磷脂混合,如磷脂酰胆碱),或呈气溶胶喷雾形式,其来自加压的容器、泵、喷射器、雾化器(优选是使用电水动力学产生细雾的雾化器)或喷雾器(用或没用合适的推进剂,例如1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷或1,1,1,2,3,3,,3-七氟丙烷)。
对于鼻内使用,粉末可包含生物粘合剂,例如壳聚糖或环糊精。
加压的容器、泵、喷射器、雾化器或喷雾器含有本发明化合物的溶液或悬浮液,其例如包含乙醇、含水乙醇或用于分散、溶解或延长释放活性物的合适替代试剂,作为溶剂的推进剂和任选的表面活性剂例如脱水山梨醇三油酸酯、油酸或低聚乳酸。
在用于干粉或悬浮制剂之前,将药物产品微粉化至适于由吸入传递的大小(一般小于5微米)。这可以通过合适的粉碎方法实现,例如螺旋喷射式粉碎机、流化床喷射式粉碎机、形成纳米颗粒的超临界液体法、高压均化或喷雾干燥。
用于吸入器或吹入器的胶囊(例如由明胶或HPMC制得)、泡或药筒可被制成含有本发明化含物、合适的粉末基质如乳糖或淀粉和改性剂如l-亮氨酸、甘露醇或硬脂酸镁的粉末混合物。乳糖可以是无水的或呈一水合物形式,优选后者。其它合适的赋形剂包括葡聚糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇、木糖醇、果糖、蔗糖和海藻糖。
用于使用电水动力学产生细雾的雾化器的合适溶液制剂每次驱动可含有1μg-20mg的本发明化合物,并且驱动体积可为1μl-100μl。常见制剂可包括本发明化合物、丙二醇、无菌水、乙醇和氯化钠。可替代丙二醇使用的另选溶剂包括甘油和聚乙二醇。
用于吸入/鼻内给药的那些本发明制剂可加入合适的香味剂例如薄荷醇和左旋薄荷醇,或甜味剂例如糖精或糖精钠。
用于吸入/鼻内给药的制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放,例如使用聚(DL-乳酸共聚乙醇酸)(PGLA)。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明化合物可以直肠或阴道给药,例如以栓剂、阴道环或灌肠剂的形式。可可油是传统的栓剂基质,但是合适时,可使用各种合适的替代物。
用于直肠/阴道给药的制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明化合物还可以直接给药于眼或耳,通常呈等渗的、调节pH的无菌盐水中微粉化悬浮液或溶液的滴剂形式。适于眼和耳给药的其它制剂包括软膏、生物可降解的(例如可吸收的凝胶海棉、胶原质)和非生物降解的(例如硅酮)植入物、干胶片、镜片和颗粒或囊系统如非离子表面活性剂微囊(niosome)或脂质体。聚合物例如交联聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、透明质酸、纤维素聚合物如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素或甲基纤维素或杂多糖聚合物如琼脂糖胶可与防腐剂如苯扎氯铵一起加入。上述制剂也可通过离子电渗疗法传递。
用于眼/耳给药的制剂可被制成瞬时释放和/或改进释放。改进释放制剂包括延迟释放、缓释、脉冲式释放、受控释放、靶向释放和程序化释放。
本发明化合物可与可溶的大分子实体如环糊精及其合适的衍生物或者含聚乙二醇的聚合物组合,以在用于任何上述给药方式时增加溶解性、溶出率、遮味性、生物利用度和/或稳定性。
例如发现药物-环糊精复合物常用于大多数剂型和给药途径。可使用包涵和非包涵复合物。作为与药物直接络合的另选方式,环糊精可以作为辅助添加剂使用,即作为载体、稀释剂或增溶剂。出于该目的最常使用的是α-、β-和γ-环糊精,其例子可在国际专利申请WO91/11172、WO94/02518和WO98/55148中找到。
由于可能希望给药活性化合物的组合,例如出于治疗特定疾病或症状的目的,本发明范围内包括:两种或多种药物组合物可便利地以适于组合物联合给药的试剂盒形式组合,其中至少一种组合物含有本发明化合物。
因而,本发明的试剂盒包含两种或多种分隔的药物组合物,其中至少一种组合物含有上述本发明化合物,和分别装有所述组合物的装置例如容器、分开的瓶子或分开的箔包装。上述试剂盒的例子是用于包裹片剂、胶囊等的惯用透明塑料罩。
本发明试剂盒尤其适用于给药不同的剂型,例如在不同剂量间隔口服和肠胃外给药分隔的组合物,或者彼此交替逐步增高剂量(titrate)分隔的组合物。
为了有助于一致性,试剂盒通常包含给药说明书且可以提供所谓的记忆辅助物。
为了避免疑惑,本文中“治疗”的涵义包括治愈、减轻和预防治疗。
化学实施例:
实施例1:
(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯-苯氧基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-甲基酯
在0℃下,向搅拌的(2S,4R)-4-羟基-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-甲基酯(CAS登记号74844-91-0)(6.1kg,24.87mol)、3-氯苯酚(3.52kg,27.39mol)和三苯基膦(7.18kg,27.37mol)在叔丁基甲基醚(30.5L)中的溶液中滴加偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯(5.53kg,27.35mol)在叔丁基甲基醚(15L)中的溶液。在20℃下搅拌该混合物过夜。将反应物过滤,且用0.5M氢氧化钠(aq)(2×12.5L)和水(12.2L)清洗溶液。经大气压蒸馏用正庚烷(42.7L)代替叔丁基甲基醚溶剂,并冷却结晶,经过滤收集得到粗产物(11.1kg,125%其中污染了约35%还原的二羧酸二异丙基酯和三苯基氧化膦-校正产率=86%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.46,1.49(2×s,9H),2.47(2H,m),3.71(5H,m),4.42(1H,m),4.42,4.54(1H,2×m),4.87(1H,m),6.68(1H,m),6.79(1H,s),6.92(1H,m),7.18(1H,m).
LRMS(电喷雾):m/z 378(MNa+)。
(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯-苯氧基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯
向(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯-苯氧基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-甲基酯(11.1kg,20.28mol)的THF(26.6L)溶液中加入LiOH.H2O(4.86kg,115.4mol)的水(55.5L)溶液。在25℃下搅拌该混合物过夜。经蒸馏除去THF,所得含水溶液用二氯甲烷(33.3L和16.7L)萃取。合并二氯甲烷层,用水(33L和16.7L)萃取。合并含水相,用1M盐酸(aq)调节pH为3-3.5,再用二氯甲烷(2×22.2L)萃取。合并的二氯甲烷相用甲苯(33.3L)替换,冷却结晶,经过滤收集得到严物(6.1kg,98%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.42,1.48(2×s,9H),2.30-2.70(m,2H),3.60-3.80(m,2H),4.40-4.60(m,1H),4.86(m,1H),6.71(m,1H),6.82(m,1H),6.94(m,1H),7.16(m,1H).
LRMS(电喷雾):m/z[MNa+]364,340[M-1]340。
(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯-苯氧基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸(XXVIII)
将(2S,4S)-4-(3-氯-苯氧基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯(29.25mol)溶解于THF(20L)中并过滤。向该溶液中加入4M HCl在二氧杂环己烷(30L)中的溶液并搅拌过夜。将叔丁基甲基醚(70L)加入所得悬浮液中,并过滤收集产物(7.06kg,86.7%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=2.65(m,2H),3.60(dd,1H),3.70(d,1H),4.60(dd,1H),5.02(m,1H),6.88(m,1H),6.97(s,1H),7.03(d,1H),7.29(dd,1H).
LRMS(电喷雾):[MH+]242,[M-1]240。
微量分析:测得C,46.97;H,4.70;N,4.90.C11H12ClNO3.HCl.0.1H2O需要C,47.20;H,4.75;N,5.00。
实施例2:
4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯
将4-(3-氟-亚苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯(1.20g,2.61mmol)溶解于乙酸乙酯:甲苯(1∶1,12ml)中。在25℃和15psi下,将该溶液在氧化铂(120mg,10重量%)上氢化1小时。将反应混合物滤过arbocel且减压浓缩滤液。残留物经flashmaster层析纯化,用庚烷:乙酸乙酯(15∶1)洗脱,得到无色油状的标题化合物(11.1g,91%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=0.72-1.37(m,13H),1.44(d,9H),1.43-1.75(m,4H),1.87-2.01(m,2H),2.31-2.58(m,2H),2.83(d,2H),3.07(t,1H),3.50-3.65(m,1H),4.13-4.30(dt,1H),4.71(td,1H),6.90(d,2H),7.00(d,1H),7.30(q,1H).
LRMS(APCl):m/z[MH-BOC]+362.
(2S,4S)4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸单盐酸盐(XXIX)
将4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯(0.91g,1.96mmol)溶解于甲苯(2ml)中。加入6N盐酸(50ml)并回流搅拌18小时。将反应混合物冷却到室温并用乙酸乙酯(3×20ml)萃取。减压蒸发浓缩水层,得到白色固体的标题化合物(417mg,81%)。1H NMR显示顺式:反式非对映异构体的比例为7∶1,从而由异丙醇重结晶该产物,得到顺式:反式比例为14∶1(由NMR测定)的标题化合物(170mg,65%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):(非对映体的混合物2S,4S:2S,4R(14∶1)):δ=1.85(q,1H),2.51(quin,1H),2.69-2.85(m,3H),3.07(t,1H),3.41(dd,1H),4.38和4.48(t,1H),6.90-7.04(m,3H),7.32(q,1H).
LRMS(APCI):m/z[MH]+224。
[α]D 25-1.27°(c=9.00,甲醇)。
微量分析:测得C,55.56;H,5.81;N,5.34%.C12H14FNO2·HCl需要C,55.50;H,5.82;N,5.39%。
实施例3:
4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯
使用合适的起始链烯薄荷醇酯,由与4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯的制备方法类似的方法制备4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯。
[MH]480
微量分析(顺式(主要的)和反式非对映异构体的混合物):测得C,67.74;H,8.30;N,2.90%.C27H39F2NO4需要C,67.62;H,8.20;N,2.92%;
[α]D 25-71.92°(c=3.26,甲醇)
(2S,4S)4-(2,3-二氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸单盐酸盐(XXX)
由4-(3-氟-苄基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸1-叔丁基酯2-(2-异丙基-5-甲基-环己基)酯开始,由实施例2的方法制备标题化合物,并用丙酮/乙醚重结晶纯化,得到白色固体的呈非对映异构体(2S,4S:2S,4R(12∶1))的混合物形式的标题化合物(500mg,60%),由1H NMR测定。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)(非对映体的混合物cis:trans(12∶1):δ=0.80-1.90(m,0.92H),2.12-2.20(m,0.08H),2.28-2.36(m,0.08H),2.49-2.58(q,0.92H),2.66-2.81(m,1H),2.83-2.95(m,2H),3.02-3.13(t,1H),3.46(dd,1H),4.40(dd,0.92H),4.48-4.54(m,0.08H),7.03-7.20(m,3H).
LRMS(电喷雾):m/z[M+H]+242。
微量分析:测得C,51.42;H,5.08;N,5.01%.C12H13NO2F2·HCl需要C,51.90;H,5.08;N,5.04%。
实施例4:
(2S,4S)-吡咯烷-1,2,4-三羧酸1,2-二叔丁基酯
在0℃氮气氛下向搅拌的4-苯基-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸二叔丁基酯(CAS登记号344286-69-7;J.Org.Chem.,2001,3593-3596)(0.78g,2.24mmol)和高碘酸钠(5.77g,27mmol)在乙酸乙酯(5.5ml)、乙腈(5.5ml)和水(8.5ml)中的混合物中加入三氯化钌(10mg,0.05mmol)并搅拌至室温18小时。加入乙醚(20ml)并再搅拌1小时。加入1M盐酸(5ml)并用乙酸乙酯(3×20ml)萃取。合并有机萃取物,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并减压蒸发。残留物经硅胶层析纯化,用50∶50∶1乙酸乙酯∶庚烷∶冰醋酸洗脱,得到无色胶状的标题化合物(501mg,78%)。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ=1.40-1.49(m,18H);2.26-2.40(m,1H);2.42-2.56(m,1H);3.02-3.12(m,1H);3.65-3.80(m,1.4H)&3.80-3.88(m,0.6H)[旋转体]:4.09-4.20(m,0.7H)&4.20-4.26(m,0.3H)[旋转体]
LRMS(电喷雾):[M-1]314。
(2S,4S)-4-(3-氟-苯氧甲基)-吡咯烷-2-羧酸(XXI)
将4-(3-氟-苯氧基甲基)-吡咯烷-1,2-二羧酸二叔丁基酯(475mg,1.2mmol)溶解于无水氯化氢在二氧杂环己烷中的溶液(4M,15ml),并在50℃氮气氛下搅拌1小时。减压除去溶剂,所得半固体用乙酸乙酯研制,得到呈非对映异构体(2S,4S:2S,4R约为5∶1)混合物形式的标题化合物(90mg,35%),为白色固体盐酸盐。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ=2.04-2.09(m,0.8H);2.33-2.47(m,0.4H);2.65-2.75(m,0.8H);2.88-3.00(m,1H);3.33-3.40(m,1H);3.52-3.60(m,0.8H);3.60-3.68(0.2H);3.96-4.04(m,1H);4.04-4.12(m,1H);4.42.-4.51(m,0.8H);4.40-4.56(m,0.2H);6.65-6.80(m,3H),7.21-7.30(m,1H)
LRMS(电喷雾):[M+1]240;[M+283]262;[M-1]238。
实施例5:
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸盐酸(R)-2,6-二甲基-壬-2-烯
在0℃下,向(S)-香茅基溴(50g,0.228mol)的THF(800mL)溶液中加入LiCl(4.3g),然后加入CuCl2(6.8g)。30分钟后加入氯化甲基镁(152ml,3M的THF溶液,Aldrich)并将该溶液加热到室温。10小时之后,将溶液冷却到0℃,小心地加入氯化铵的饱和水溶液。将所得的两层分离,用乙醚萃取水相。合并有机相,用MgSO4干燥,并浓缩得到(R)-2,6-二甲基-壬-2-烯。32.6g;93%。不进行进一步纯化即使用。
1H NMR(400MHz;CDCl3)δ5.1(m,1H),1.95(m,2H),1.62(s,3H),1.6(s,3H),1.3(m,4H),1.2(m,2H),0.8(s,6H).
(R)-4-甲基-庚酸
用50分钟向(R)-2,6-二甲基-壬-2-烯(20g,0.13mol)的丙酮(433mL)液中加入CrO3(39g,0.39mol)的H2SO4(33mL)/H2O(146mL)溶液。6小时后,再加入CrO3(26g,0.26mol)的H2SO4(22mL)/H2O(100mL)溶液。12小时之后,用盐水稀释该溶液,并用乙醚萃取。合并有机相,用MgSO4干燥,并浓缩。快速层析处理(6∶1-2∶1己烷/EtOAc梯度洗脱)得到油状的(R)-4-甲基-庚酸,12.1g,65%。MS,m/z(相对强度):143[M-H,100%]。
(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-庚酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮
在0℃下,向(R)-4-甲基-庚酸(19g,0.132mol)和三乙胺(49.9g,0.494mol)的TFH溶液中加入三甲基乙酰氯(20g,0.17mol)。1小时后加入LiCl(7.1g,0.17mol),接着加入(4R,5S)-(+)-4-甲基-5-苯基-噁唑烷酮)3(30g,0.17mol)。将混合物加热到室温,16小时后过滤得到滤液且减压浓缩该溶液。快速层析处理(己烷/EtOAc 7∶1)得到油状的(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-庚酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮,31.5g,79%。[α]D=+5.5(c1,CHCl3)。MS,m/z(相对强度):304[M+H,100%]。
(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛酸叔丁基酯
在-50℃下,向(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-庚酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮(12.1g,0.04mol)的THF(200ml)溶液中加入二(三甲硅烷基)酰胺钠(48ml,1M的THF溶液)。30分钟后加入溴代乙酸叔丁酯(15.6g,0.08mol)。在-50℃下搅拌该溶液4小时,然后加热到室温。16小时后,加入氯化铵的饱和水溶液,将所得的两层分离。用乙醚萃取水相。合并有机相,用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。快速层析处理(己烷/EtOAc 9∶1)得到(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛酸叔丁基酯,白色固体,12g,17%。[α]D=+30.2(c1,CHCl3)。
13C NMR(100Hz;CDCl3)δ176.47,171.24,152.72,133.63,128.87,125.86,80.85,78.88,55.34,39.98,38.77,38.15,37.58,30.60,28.23,20.38,20.13,14.50,14.28。
(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛酸叔丁基酯(10.8g,0.025mol)在H2O(73mL)和THF(244mL)的溶液中加入预先混合的LiOH(51.2ml的0.8M溶液)和H2O2(14.6mL的30%溶液)的溶液。4小时后,再加入12.8mL的LiOH(0.8M溶液)和3.65mL的H2O2(30%溶液)。30分钟后,加入亚硫酸氢钠(7g)、亚硫酸钠(13g)和水(60mL),接着加入己烷(100mL)和乙醚(100mL)。将所得的两层分离。用乙醚萃取水相。合并有机相,浓缩得到油状物,将其溶解于庚烷(300mL)中。过滤除去产生的固体,干燥滤液(MgSO4),并浓缩得到(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯(6g,93%),不用进一步纯化立即使用。MS,m/z(相对强度):257[M+H,100%]。
(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯
用二苯基磷酰叠氮化物(5.0mL,23.22mL)处理(S)-2-((R)-2-甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯(6.0g,23.22mmol)和三乙胺(3.64mL,26.19mmol)在甲苯(200mL)中的溶液,并在室温下搅拌0.5小时。然后回流加热反应混合物3小时并稍着冷却之后,加入苄醇(7.2mL,69.7mmol),然后再加热溶液3小时。反应混合物冷却后之,用乙醚(200mL)稀释。合并有机层,依次用饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,并干燥(MgSO4)。浓缩的有机组分用色谱(MPLC)纯化,己烷∶乙酸乙酯8∶1洗脱,得到(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯(6.4g,75.8%)。MS:M+1:364.2,308.2。
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯
在50psi下,用Pd/C(0.2g)和H2处理(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯(2.14g,5.88mmol)的THF(50mL)溶液2小时。然后过滤反应混合物,并真空浓缩,以定量产率得到(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯。MS:M+1:230.2.174.1。
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸盐酸盐
加热回流(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯(2.59g,11.3mmol)在6NHCl(100mL)中的浆液18小时,冷却并经硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩滤液至25mL,收集所得结晶并干燥,得到(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸盐酸盐,mp142.5-142.7℃(1.2g,50.56%)。从滤液中得到第二批产物(0.91g)。C9H19NO2·HCl的计算分析值为:C:51.55,H:9.61,N:6.68,Cl:16.91。测定值:C:51.69,H:9.72,N:6.56,Cl:16.63。
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-辛酸盐酸盐
在室温下,将5.3g的2S-(2R-甲基-戊基)-琥珀酸-4-叔丁基酯在30mL甲基叔丁基醚中的溶液与3.5mL三乙胺以及6.4g二苯基磷酰叠氮化物反应。在反应放热至45℃且搅拌至少4小时之后,让反应混合物冷却到室温并静置分层。弃去下层,上层用水洗涤,然后用HCl水溶液洗涤。然后上层与10mL的6N HCl水溶液混合,并在45-65℃搅拌。真空蒸馏浓缩反应混合物至约10-14mL并冷却至约5℃结晶。过滤收集产物之后,用甲苯洗涤,并再次在甲苯中浆化。真空加热干燥产物,得到2.9g(67%)的白色结晶产物。该产物可以用HCl水溶液重结晶。mp137℃。
实施例6
甲磺酸(S)-3,7-二甲基-辛-6-烯基酯
在0℃下,向S-(-)-香茅醇(42.8g,0.274mol)和三乙胺(91mL,0.657mol)的CH2Cl2(800mL)溶液中加入甲磺酰氯(26mL,0.329mol)的CH2Cl2溶液(200mL)。在0℃下2小时后,用1N HCl然后用盐水洗涤溶液。干燥有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到油状的标题化合物(60.5g,94%),不进行进一步纯化即使用。MS,m/z(相对强度):139[100%],143[100%]。
(R)-2,6-二甲基-辛-2-烯
在0℃下,向甲磺酸(S)-3,7-二甲基-辛-6-烯基酯(60g,0.256mol)的THF(1L)溶液中加入氢化铝锂(3.8g,0.128mol)。7小时后,再加入3.8g氢化铝锂并将溶液加热到室温。18小时后,再加入3.8g氢化铝锂。再过21小时,用1N柠檬酸小心地将反应终止。溶液再用盐水稀释。分离所得的两相,干燥有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到油状的标题化合物,不进行进一步纯化即使用。MS,m/z(相对强度):139[M+H,100%]。
(R)-4-甲基-己酸
采用与(R)-4-甲基-庚酸类似的合成过程,得到油状的酸(9.3g,56%)。MS,m/z(相对强度):129[M-H,100%]。
(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-己酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮
采用与(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-庚酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮类似的合成过程,得到油状的标题化合物(35.7g,95%)。MS,m/z(相对强度):290[M+H,100]。
(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-[(4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-基)-甲酰基]-庚酸叔丁基酯
合成过程与(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-辛酸叔丁基酯的制备类似,得到油状的标题化合物(7.48g,31%)。MS,m/z(相对强度):178[100%],169[100%];[α]D=+21.6(c1,CHCl3)
(S)-2-((R)-甲基-丁基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-[(4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-基)-甲酰基]-庚酸叔丁基酯(7.26g,0.018mol)在H2O(53mL)和THF(176mL)的溶液中加入预先混合的LiOH(37ml的0.8M溶液)和H2O2(10.57mL的30%溶液)的溶液并将溶液加热到室温。2小时后,加入亚硫酸氢钠(7g)、亚硫酸钠(13g)和水(60mL)。将两层分离并用乙醚萃取水相。合并有机相,浓缩得到油状物,将其溶解于庚烷(200mL)中。过滤除去产生的固体,干燥滤液(MgSO4),并浓缩得到油状的标题化合物(4.4g),不用进一步纯化即使用。MS,m/z(相对强度):243[100%]。
(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-庚酸叔丁基酯
如上所述,由(S)-2-((R)-甲基-丁基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯起始制备,得到油状的(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-庚酸叔丁基酯(产率73.3%)。
1H NMR(400MHz;CDCl3)δ0.84(t,3H,J=7.33Hz),0.89(d,3H,J=6.60Hz),1.12-1.38(m,4H),1.41(s,9H),1.43-1.59(m,2H),2.42(m,2H),4.05(m,1H),5.07(t,2H J=12.95Hz),and 7.28-7.34(m,5H).
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-庚酸叔丁基酯
如上所述,由(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-庚酸叔丁基酯代替(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基-辛酸叔丁基酯起始制备,得到标题化合物。
1H NMR(400MHz;CDCl3)δ0.84(overlapping t and d,6H),1.08-1.16(m,2H),1.27-1.30(m,2H),1.42(s,9H),1.62(br s,2H),2.15(dd,1H,J=8.54 and 15.62Hz),2.29(dd,1H,J=4.15 and 15.37Hz),and 3.20(br s,2H).
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-庚酸盐酸盐
回流加热(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-庚酸叔丁基酯(1.44g,6.69mmol)在3NHCl中的浆液3小时,趁热经硅藻土过滤。浓缩至干。所得固体在乙醚中研制,得到(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-庚酸盐酸盐(0.95g,85%),mp126.3-128.3℃。
实施例7
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-壬酸
(R)-4-甲基-辛酸
在室温下,将氯化锂(0.39g,9.12mmol)和氯化铜
(I)(0.61g,4.56mmol)混合于45ml THF中并搅拌15分钟,然后冷却到0℃,加入溴化乙基镁(1M的THF溶液,45mL,45mmol)。滴加(S)-香茅基溴(5.0g,22.8mmol)并将溶液缓慢加热到室温,同时搅拌过夜。小心地加入饱和NH4Cl(aq)溶液终止反应,并加入Et2O和饱和NH4Cl(aq)溶液搅拌30分钟。相分离,干燥有机相MgSO4)并浓缩。使用未纯化的粗(R)-2,6-二甲基-癸-2-烯。在0℃下,向(R)-2,6-二甲基-癸-2-烯(3.8g,22.8mmol)的50mL丙酮溶液加入琼斯试剂(2.7M的H2SO4水溶液中,40mL,108mmol),并将溶液缓慢加热到室温,同时搅拌过夜。让混合物分层于Et2O和H2O中,相分离,并用盐水洗涤有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。残留物经快速层析纯化(己烷∶EtOAc 8∶1),得到2.14g(59%)的标题化合物,无色油状。LRMS:m/z156.9(M+)。琼斯试剂如下制备:26.7g CrO3和23mL H2SO4混合,并用H2O稀释到100mL,得到2.7M的溶液。
(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-辛酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮
在0℃下,向(R)-4-甲基-辛酸(2.14g,13.5mmol)的25mL CH2Cl2溶液中加3滴DMF,然后加入草酰氯(1.42mL,16.2mmol),猛烈产气。直接将该溶液加热到室温,搅拌30分钟并浓缩。同时,在-78℃下,向噁唑烷酮(2.64g,14.9mmol)的40mL THF溶液中滴加正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液,9.3mL,14.9mmol)。将混合物搅拌10分钟,此时滴加酰氯在10mL THF中的溶液。在-78℃下,搅拌30分钟,然后直接加热到室温,并用饱和NH4Cl终止。让混合物在Et2O和饱和NH4Cl(aq)之间分配,相分离,干燥有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩,得到3.2g标题化合物,无色油状。LRMS:m/z318.2(M+)。
(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-((4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3-羰基)-壬酸叔丁基酯
在-78℃下,向二异丙基胺(1.8mL,12.6mmol)的30mL THF溶液中加入正丁基锂(1.6M的己烷溶液,7.6mL,12.1mmol),搅拌该混合物10分钟,此时滴加(4R,5S)-4-甲基-3-((R)-4-甲基-辛酰基)-5-苯基-噁唑烷-2-酮(3.2g,10.1mmol)在10mL THF中的溶液。搅拌溶液30分钟,在-50℃快速滴加溴代乙酸叔丁酯(1.8mL,12.1mmol),并将混合物用3小时缓慢加热到10℃。让混合物在Et2O和饱和NH4Cl(aq)之间分配,相分离,干燥有机相(MgSO4)并浓缩。残留物经快速层析(己烷∶乙酸乙酯 16∶1-8∶1)纯化,得到2.65g(61%)标题化合物,无色结晶固体。mp=84-86℃,[δ]D 23+17.1(c=1.00,CHCl3)。
(S)-2-((R)-甲基-己基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯
在0℃下,向(3S,5R)-5-甲基-3-[(4R,5S)-4-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-噁唑烷-3--羰基]-壬酸叔丁基酯(2.65g,6.14mmol)的20mL THF溶液中加入预先冷却的LiOH一水合物(1.0g,23.8mmol)和H2O2(5.0mL的30wt%溶液)的10mL H2O溶液。剧烈搅拌混合物90分钟,然后加热到室温并搅拌90分钟。在0℃下,加入100mL 10%NaHSO3(aq)溶液终止反应,然后用乙醚萃取。相分离,并用盐水洗涤有机相,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。标题化合物不用纯化即使用。
(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基壬酸叔丁基酯
如上所述,类似地由(S)-2-((R)-甲基己基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯代替(S)-2-((R)-甲基戊基)-琥珀酸4-叔丁基酯起始制备,得到油状的标题化合物(产率71.6%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.81(t,3H,J=4.40Hz),0.85(d,3H,J=6.55Hz),1.06-1.20(m,7H),1.36(s,9H),1.38-1.50(m,2H),2.36(m,2H),3.99(m,1H),5.02(m+s,3H),以及7.28-7.28(m,5H)。
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基壬酸叔丁基酯
如上所述,由(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基壬酸叔丁基酯代替(3S,5R)-3-苄氧羰基氨基-5-甲基辛酸叔丁基酯起始制备而得。产率=97%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ0.82(重叠的d和t,6H),1.02-1.08(m,1H),1.09-1.36(m,6H),1.39(s,9H),1.47(br s,1H),1.80(s,2H),2.13(dd,1H,J=8.54和15.61)以及2.27(dd,1H,J=4.15和15.38Hz)。
(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基壬酸盐酸盐
回流加热(3S,5R)-3-氨基-5-甲基-壬酸叔丁基酯(1.50g,6.16mmol)在3NHCl(100mL)中的混合物3小时,趁热经硅藻土过滤。真空浓缩至30mL。收集产生的结晶,用另外的得到3N HCl洗涤,并干燥,得到标题化合物,mp142.5-143.3℃。从滤液中获得另一批产物,1.03g(70.4%)。C10H21NO2·HCl的计算分析值为:C:53.68,H:9.91,N:6.26,Cl:15.85。测定值:C:53.89,H:10.11,N:6.13。MS:M+1;188.1。
生物实施例:
适合用于本发明作为α-2-δ配体的化合物的生物活性可使用[3H]加巴喷丁和来自猪脑组织的α-2-δ亚基的放射性配体结合测试来测定(Gee N.S.,Brown J.P.,Dissanayake V.U.K.,Offord J.,Thurlow R.,Woodruff G.N.,J.Biol.Chem.,1996;271:5879-5776)。
实施例1:α-2-δ配体对麻醉大鼠的排尿反射的影响的研究
1.0材料和方法
动物
用乌拉坦麻醉四只重大约225g的剖腹产(CD)大鼠,并持续进行膀胱测压。
使用乌拉坦(1.2g/kg,腹腔注射)麻醉动物。麻醉深度由血压和心率的稳定性以及没有出现对爪捏反应的后肢收缩来评定。需要时,再补给乌拉坦(.01g/kg,静脉注射)。
将气管插管以维持开放的气道,将导管插入颈外静脉给药,将肝素化插管(在0.9%w/v盐水中有20单位/ml肝素)插入颈总动脉以测量动脉血压。
使用压力传感器测量血压,并且使用PoneMah(Linton Pty Ltd UK)与血压电子联线得出心率(HR)。身体温度由直肠温度探针监测并利用恒温综合系统(Harvard,UK)维持在36-38℃之间。在实验持续期间让动物自发呼吸空气。
由中线剖腹术将膀胱露出。将导管(c.0.52mm内径和1.2mm外径)插入膀胱圆顶来灌注膀胱,同时记录膀胱内膀胱压力。以0.046ml/分钟的速率用生理盐水(0.9%)灌注膀胱,以刺激大鼠的最大每小时利尿速率(KlevmarkB[1974]-Motility of the urinary bladder in cats during filling at physiologicalrates.I.Intravesical pressure patterns studied by a new method of cystometry.Acta Physiol Scand 90(3):565-77)。
手术操作之后让动物稳定约30分钟。稳定期之后,进行膀胱测压,并监测膀胱功能(排尿间隔)对加巴喷丁-HCl(0.3、1,3和10mg/kg,静脉注射给药)的反应。
统计分析
使用ANOVA检测处理组间的差异。
化合物
加巴喷丁-HCl(Tocris,UK)溶解于盐水中。
2.0结果
排尿事件的时间间隔
相对于对照组时期,响应于加巴喷丁的排尿间隔增加(参见图1)。研究观测到,加巴喷丁呈剂量依赖方式显著地延长了排尿间隔。实际上,相对于相应的对照动物,静脉注射10mg/kg加巴喷丁显著地延长了排尿间隔(3.1±0.29v9.89±2.72分钟,P<0.05)。由于改善了排尿间隔,响应于加巴喷丁,膀胱容量以200%显著提高。有趣的是,我们注意到当给药10mg/kg加巴喷丁时,对排尿效率、尿潴留或排泄时的膀胱收缩没有任何不利作用。
因此,这表明给药α-2-δ配体能增加膀胱容量和降低雌性动物的LUTS,这提示了上述方法在治疗与OAB相关的LUTS的用途。
实施例2:α-2-δ配体对雄性自发性高血压大鼠的排尿频率和膀胱压力的影响
1.0材料和方法
用Data Science International(DSI)遥测应答器(TL11M2-C50-PXT)手术制备8只雄性自发性高血压大鼠。在放置于膀胱圆顶的压力导管帮助下持续监测膀胱压力。
记录响应于安慰剂或用皮下给药(s/c)60mg/kg加巴喷丁处理的膀胱参数(膀胱压力、排泄压力和排泄次数)。
2.0结果
如图2所示,60mg/kg加巴喷丁(s/c)显著减少了排尿间隔,从而增加了膀胱容量。而且,对于下泌尿道症状(LUTS)重要的是,相对于相应的对照组时期,加巴喷丁使排尿循环的充满阶段的平均膀胱压力显著降低(P<0.05)(参见图3)。
因此,这表明给药α-2-δ配体能增加膀胱容量和减少雄性动物的LUTS,这提示了上述方法在治疗与BPH相关的LUTS的用途。
Claims (17)
1.α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS的药物中的用途。
2.α-2-δ配体与选自下述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途:
(i)α1-肾上腺素拮抗剂;
(ii)具有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物;
(iii)HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂;
(iv)PDEV抑制化合物;
(v)毒蕈碱拮抗剂;
(vi)COX抑制剂。
3.根据权利要求2的用途,其中α-2-δ配体与COX抑制剂组合且COX抑制剂是COX2抑制剂。
4.α-2-δ配体与人5-α还原酶抑制化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的组合在制备用于治疗与BPH有关的LUTS的药物中的用途。
5.根据权利要求2-4任一项的用途,其中LUTS不是尿失禁。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项的用途,其中LUTS与BPH有关。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项的用途,其中LUTS与OAB有关。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其中OAB是干性OAB。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求的用途,其中LUTS是尿频。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一项的用途,其中α-2-δ配体选自加巴喷丁(I):
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
12.根据权利要求1-10任一项的用途,其中α-2-δ配体选自普加巴林(II):
或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
14.一种治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的除尿失禁以外的LUTS的方法,其包括向需要上述治疗的病人给药α-2-δ配体或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中所述配体如权利要求10-13中任一项所定义。
16.一种药物产品,其包含α-2-δ配体和选自下述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与OAB和/或BPH有关的LUTS:
(i)α1-肾上腺素拮抗剂;
(ii)具有NRI和/或SRI活性的化合物;
(iii)HMG Co-A还原酶抑制剂;
(iv)PDEV抑制化合物;
(v)毒蕈碱拮抗剂;
(vi)COX抑制剂。
17.一种药物产品,其包含α-2-δ配体和人5-α还原酶抑制化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,该产品作为组合制剂同时、分别或相继用于治疗与BPH有关的LUTS。
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US43349102P | 2002-12-13 | 2002-12-13 | |
US60/433,491 | 2002-12-13 | ||
GB0302657.2 | 2003-02-05 |
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CNA2008102138044A Division CN101417129A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 包含α-2-δ配体的药物产品及其用途 |
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CN1720029A true CN1720029A (zh) | 2006-01-11 |
CN100430048C CN100430048C (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
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CNA2003801060090A Pending CN1726021A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 用于性功能障碍治疗的α-2-δ配体 |
CNA2003801060137A Pending CN1726023A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 用于治疗纤维肌痛和其它疾病的普加巴林衍生物 |
CNA200710110291XA Pending CN101283995A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 不同药物用途的α2δ配体 |
CNA2008102138044A Pending CN101417129A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 包含α-2-δ配体的药物产品及其用途 |
CNB2003801047024A Expired - Fee Related CN100367946C (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 治疗纤维肌痛及其它病症用的加巴喷丁类似物类 |
CNB2003801052910A Expired - Fee Related CN100430048C (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 治疗下泌尿道症状的α-2-δ配体 |
CNA2003801059680A Pending CN1726015A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 不同药物用途的α2δ配体 |
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CNA2003801060090A Pending CN1726021A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 用于性功能障碍治疗的α-2-δ配体 |
CNA2003801060137A Pending CN1726023A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 用于治疗纤维肌痛和其它疾病的普加巴林衍生物 |
CNA200710110291XA Pending CN101283995A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 不同药物用途的α2δ配体 |
CNA2008102138044A Pending CN101417129A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 包含α-2-δ配体的药物产品及其用途 |
CNB2003801047024A Expired - Fee Related CN100367946C (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 治疗纤维肌痛及其它病症用的加巴喷丁类似物类 |
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CNA2003801059680A Pending CN1726015A (zh) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-12-03 | 不同药物用途的α2δ配体 |
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EP (2) | EP1572183A1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2006511527A (zh) |
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CN (8) | CN1726022A (zh) |
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TW (2) | TWI286934B (zh) |
WO (3) | WO2004054559A1 (zh) |
ZA (6) | ZA200503861B (zh) |
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2003
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