CN100367946C - 治疗纤维肌痛及其它病症用的加巴喷丁类似物类 - Google Patents
治疗纤维肌痛及其它病症用的加巴喷丁类似物类 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100367946C CN100367946C CNB2003801047024A CN200380104702A CN100367946C CN 100367946 C CN100367946 C CN 100367946C CN B2003801047024 A CNB2003801047024 A CN B2003801047024A CN 200380104702 A CN200380104702 A CN 200380104702A CN 100367946 C CN100367946 C CN 100367946C
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Abstract
本发明提供下式(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于治疗纤维肌痛及其它病症的新用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及α2δ配体在治疗纤维肌痛(fibromyalgia)及其它中枢神经系统病症中的用途。
背景技术
纤维肌痛(FM)是以漫延性疼痛、不能恢复体力的睡眠、情绪障碍及疲劳为特征的慢性综合征。纤维肌痛的主要症状包括疼痛、睡眠、情绪障碍及疲劳。其中所述与纤维肌痛相关的综合征包括过敏性肠综合征及偏头痛。用单一药物治疗纤维肌痛的成功性受到限制,而且临床试验结果令人失望。基于目前对涉及纤维肌痛的机制及其途径的了解,人们认为需要目标为疼痛、睡眠障碍、情绪障碍及疲劳等主要症状的多种药物。纤维肌痛的患者通常对药物副作用很敏感,这一特征可能与该病症的病理学有关(Barkhuizen A,纤维肌痛的理性目标药理治疗方法.Rheum Dis Clin NAm 2002;28:261-290;Leventhal LJ.纤维肌痛的治疗方法.Ann InternMed 1999;131:850-8)。
虽然纤维肌痛是一种涉及多方面的复合性病症,但是可以对该复杂性作充分地评价(Yunus MB,纤维肌痛综合征患者的综合性医疗评价,Rheum Dis N Am 2002;28:201-217)。FM的诊断经常以1990年的American College of Rheumatology分类标准建议为基准(Bennett RM,纤维肌痛患者的理性治疗方法.Rheum Dis Clin N Am 2002;28:181-199;Wolfe F,Smythe HA,Yunus MB,Bennett RM,Bombardier C,GoldenbergDL等人的The American College of Rheumatology 1990纤维肌痛分类标准:多中心标准委员会的报告.Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:160-72)。对纤维肌痛的评价、控制及药理治疗进行了综述(Barkhuizen A,纤维肌痛的理性目标药理治疗方法.Rheum Dis Clin N Am 2002;Buskila D,纤维肌痛、慢性疲劳综合征和肌筋膜疼痛综合征.Current opinions in Rheumatology2001;13:117-127;Leventhal LJ.纤维肌痛的控制.Ann Intern Med 1999;131:850-8;Bennett RM,纤维肌痛患者的合理控制方法.Rheum Dis Clin NAm 2002;28:181-199;Yunus MB,纤维肌痛综合征患者的综合性医疗评价,Rheum Dis N Am 2002;28:201-217)。
在美国专利4,024,175、美国专利4,087,544、美国专利6,306,910、WO9921824、WO0190052、WO0128978、EP0641330、WO9817627及WO0076958论及加巴喷丁、普加巴林(pregabalin)及其他α2δ配体,包括4H-[1,2,4]二唑-5-酮、C-[1-(1H-四唑-5-基甲基)-环庚基]-甲胺、(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸、(1α,3α,5α)(3-氨基甲基双环[3.2.0]庚-3-基)-乙酸及(3S,5R)-3-氨基甲基-5-甲基庚酸,以及其药学上可接受的盐及溶剂化物。将上述专利及申请的全文并入本文以供参考。
在2000年2月8日提交的美国专利申请09/485,382涉及下式1及1A化合物。在2001年5月18日提交的申请09/485382及美国专利申请10/297,827中公开下式1及1A化合物的各种用途。将申请09/485,382及10/297,827的全文并入本文以供参考。
发明内容
本发明涉及在哺乳动物(包括人类)中治疗病症的方法,该方法包括给予所述哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R是氢或低级烷基;
R1至R14相互独立,选自氢、1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基、苯基、苄基、氟、氯、溴、羟基、羟甲基、氨基、氨基甲基、三氟甲基、-CO2H、-CO2R15、-CH2CO2H、-CH2CO2R15、-OR15(其中R15是1至6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基、苯基或苄基),并且R1至R8不同时是氢;并且其中所述病症选自强迫症(OCD)、恐惧症、创伤后压力心理障碍症(PTSD)及纤维肌痛。
本发明更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所述疾病选自广场恐惧症、无恐慌症病史的广场恐惧症、特定恐惧症及社交恐惧症的恐惧症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所给予的化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所给予的化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐,并且所述疾病是OCD、PTSD或恐惧症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所给予的化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐,并且所述疾病是选自广场恐惧症及特定恐惧症的恐惧症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所治疗的疾病是纤维肌痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及治疗纤维肌痛的方法,其中所述式1或1A化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物(包括人类)纤维肌痛及并发症的方法,该方法包括给予所述哺乳动物患者治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中所述并发症独立选自偏头痛、颞颚关节功能障碍、自律神经失调、内分泌功能障碍、头晕、怕冷、化学过敏、干燥症状、认知功能障碍、类化焦虑症、经前焦躁抑郁症(premenstrual dysphoricdysthemia)、过敏性肠综合征、功能性腹痛、神经痛、身体形式症、OCD、恐惧症及PTSD。
本发明更具体的实施方案涉及治疗纤维肌痛及并发症的方法,其中所给予的化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环庚基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明更具体的实施方案涉及治疗纤维肌痛及并发症的方法,其中所述并发症是类化焦虑症、焦躁抑郁症、过敏性肠综合征、功能性腹痛、神经痛、身体形式症或偏头痛。
本发明也涉及治疗哺乳动物选自下列的疾病的方法:急性疼痛、慢性疼痛、以软组织及末梢伤害引起的疼痛(如创伤)、也称为反射性交感神经失养症的复杂性区域疼痛综合征、带状疱疹后神经痛、枕骨神经痛、三叉神经痛、环节或肋骨神经痛和其它神经痛、与骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎有关连的疼痛、肌骨疼痛(如与拉伤、扭伤及创伤有关连的疼痛,如骨折)、脊椎疼痛、中枢神经是统疼痛(如由于脊髓或脑干损伤的疼痛)、下背部疼痛、坐骨神经痛、牙痛、肌筋膜疼痛综合征、阴部切开疼痛、痛风疼痛和以烧伤引起的疼痛、深部内脏疼痛(如心脏疼痛)、肌肉疼痛、眼睛疼痛、发炎性疼痛、口颜疼痛(例如,齿痛)、腹部疼痛和妇科疼痛(例如,经痛、产痛及与子宫内膜异位症有关连的疼痛)、身源性疼痛、与神经及根损伤有关连的疼痛(如与末梢神经病症有关连的疼痛,例如,神经嵌制症、臂神经丛扯裂及末梢神经病变)、与肢体截肢、痛性抽搐、神经瘤或血管炎有关连的疼痛、糖尿病神经病变、化疗诱发的神经病变、急性疱疹和带状疱疹后神经痛、非典型颜面疼痛、神经根疼痛、神经病变下背部疼痛、HIV相关性神经痛、癌症相关性神经痛、糖尿病相关性神经痛和蛛网膜炎、三叉神经痛、枕骨神经痛、环节或肋骨神经痛、HIV相关性神经痛和AIDS相关性疼痛及其它疼痛、触物感痛(allodynia)、痛觉过敏、烧伤疼痛、不明原因的疼痛、化疗法引起的疼痛、枕骨神经痛、心因性疼痛、臂神经丛扯裂、与肢体运动感觉异常综合征有关连的疼痛;与胆结石有关连的疼痛;以慢性酗酒或甲状腺功能减退症或尿毒症或维生素缺乏症引起的疼痛;与癌症有关连的神经病变和非神经病变有关连的疼痛(常称为癌症疼痛);幻觉肢体疼痛、功能性腹部疼痛、头痛(包括具有先兆的偏头痛、不具先兆的偏头痛和其它血管性头痛、急性或慢性压力性头痛、窦性头痛和丛发性头痛);颞颚疼痛和上颚窦疼痛;以僵直性脊椎炎和痛风引起的疼痛;以增加膀胱收缩引起的疼痛、与胃肠道(GI)病症有关连的疼痛(以幽门螺旋杆菌和GI道疾病引起的病症(如胃炎、直肠炎、胃十二指肠溃疡、消化性溃疡、消化不良)、与内脏的神经元控制、溃疡性结肠炎、慢性胰腺炎、局限性回肠炎及呕吐有关连的病症);手术后疼痛、结痂疼痛和慢性非神经痛(如与HIV、关节炎和肌肉痛、血管炎和纤维肌痛有关连的疼痛),所述方法包括给予需要所述治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明涉及治疗哺乳动物选自下列的疾病的方法:情绪病症,如抑郁症,或更特别是抑郁病症(例如,单纯发作或复发型重郁症(major depressivedisorder)、严重的单相复发型重郁症、轻郁症(dysthymic disorder)、抑郁性神经症(depressive neurosis)和官能性忧郁症)、病态忧郁症(包括厌食症、体重减轻、失眠、早起症或精神运动性迟滞)、非典型忧郁症(或反应性忧郁症)(包括食欲增加、嗜睡症、精神运动性激越或刺激);抗治疗抑郁症;季节性情感障碍症和儿童抑郁症;经前综合征、经前焦躁症、潮热、躁郁症或躁狂抑郁症(例如,双相性障碍I、双相性障碍II和循环性情感性人格障碍症);季节性情感障碍症、行为异常和干扰行为异常;压力相关性身体病症和焦虑症(如儿童焦虑症、具有或不具有广场恐惧症的恐慌症、包括无恐慌症病史的广场恐惧症的恐慌症和特定恐惧症(例如,特定动物恐慌症)、社交焦虑症、社交恐惧症、强迫症(OCD)、自闭症和相关的病症(包括广泛性发展迟延)、与精神病症有关连的情绪病症(如急性躁郁症和与双相性障碍有关连的抑郁症)、与精神分裂症有关连的情绪病症、与弱智有关连的行为错乱、自闭症、行为异常和干扰行为异常、边缘性人格病症、焦虑症的精神病发作和与精神病有关连的焦虑症;压力病症(包括创伤后压力症(PTSD)及急性压力病症)及类化焦虑症,所述方法包括给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
可以理解,在治疗抑郁症或焦虑症时,可以将本发明的方法中所使用的化合物与其他抗抑郁症或抗焦虑症的药物联合使用。适合的抗抑郁症药物包括去甲肾上腺素再摄入抑制剂、选择性5-羟色胺再摄入抑制剂(SSRIs)、单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOIs)、单胺氧化酶的可逆性抑制剂(RIMAs)、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄入抑制剂(SNRIs)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)拮抗剂、α-肾上腺受体拮抗剂及非典型抗抑郁剂。适合的去甲肾上腺素再摄入抑制剂包括叔胺三环类药物及仲胺三环类药物。适合的叔胺三环类药物的实例包括阿米替林、氯米帕明、多塞平、丙咪嗪和三甲丙咪嗪及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的仲胺三环类药物的实例包括阿莫沙平、地昔帕明、马普替林、去甲替林和普罗替林及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的选择性5-羟色胺再摄入抑制剂包括氟西汀、氟伏沙明、帕罗西汀和舍曲林及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的单胺氧化酶抑制剂的实例包括异卡波肼、苯乙肼、反苯环丙胺和司来吉兰及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的单胺氧化酶的可逆式抑制剂包括吗氯贝胺及其药学上可接受的盐。适合于本发明使用的5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素再摄入抑制剂包括文拉法辛及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的CRF拮抗剂包括那些在国际专利申请WO94/13643、WO 94/13644、WO 94/13661、WO 94/13676及WO 94/13677中所述的拮抗剂。适合的非典型抗抑郁剂包括安非他酮、锂、奈法唑酮、曲唑酮和维洛沙秦及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的抗焦虑剂包括苯并二氮杂及5-HT1A激动剂或拮抗剂,尤其是5-HTIA部分激动剂及促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)拮抗剂。适合的苯并二氮杂包括阿普唑仑、氯氮、氯硝西泮、氯西皮特(chlorazepate)、地西泮、哈拉西泮、劳拉西泮、奥沙西泮和普拉西泮及其药学上可接受的盐。适合的5-HT1A激动剂或拮抗剂(特别是5-HT1A受体部份激动剂)包括丁螺环酮、氟辛克生、吉派隆和伊沙匹隆及其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及治疗哺乳动物选自睡眠病症(如失眠,例如,原发性失眠(包括心理生理学及不明原因的失眠)、继发性失眠(包括肢体运动感觉异常综合征继发的失眠、与更年期前及或后有关的失眠、帕金森氏病或另一种慢性病症)及暂时性失眠)、梦游症、睡眠剥夺(Sleep deprivation)、REM睡眠相异常、睡眠呼吸暂停、睡眠过度、睡眠-清醒循环障碍、时差、发作性睡病、与值班或不规律的工作时间有关连的睡眠病症、由于以药物或其它来源引起的减低慢波睡眠的睡眠质量缺陷及其它的睡眠病症,该方法包括给予需要该治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明还涉及增加哺乳动物人类患者的慢波睡眠及生长激素分泌之方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的人类患者治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及治疗哺乳动物选自下列的疾病的方法:呼吸疾病(特别是那些与过多鼻粘液分泌有关连的疾病,如慢性阻塞性气道疾病、支气管肺炎、慢性支气管炎、囊纤维症、成人呼吸窘迫综合征和支气管痉挛);咳嗽、百日咳、血管紧张肽转化酶(ACE)诱发的咳嗽、肺结核;过敏(如湿疹和鼻炎)、接触性皮炎、异应性皮炎、荨麻疹和其它湿疹性皮炎;搔痒、与搔痒有关连的血液透析;炎性疾病,如炎性肠疾病、牛皮癣、骨关节炎、软骨损伤(例如,以身体活动或骨关节炎引起的软骨损伤)、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、哮喘、搔痒症和晒伤)及高敏感性病症(如毒漆),该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明其它更具体的方法包括上述任何方法的一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类,从而治疗两种或多种选自在任何以上方法所论及的病症及病况并存的病症或病况。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述任何一种用于治疗纤维肌痛的方法,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类,从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的类化焦虑症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的过敏性肠综合征。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的功能性腹部疼痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的神经痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的经前焦躁症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的精神抑郁症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的纤维肌痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗精神抑郁症及并发的纤维肌痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗重郁症及并发的身体形式症(选自身体化症、转化性疾患、身体变形症、疑病症、身体形式疼痛症、未分化身体形式症和其他未说明的身体形式症)。参考第四版的精神病症的诊断及统计手册(DSM-IV),American Psychiatric Association,Washington,D.C.,May 1194,pp.435-436。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的过敏性肠综合征。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的功能性腹部疼痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的神经痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗类化焦虑症及并发的经前焦躁症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗类化焦虑症及并发的精神抑郁症。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗类化焦虑症及并发的纤维肌痛。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗类化焦虑症及并发的身体形式症(选自身体化症、转化性疾患、疑病症、身体形式疼痛症(或简单的″疼痛病症″)、身体畸形性病症、未分化身体形式症和其他未说明的身体形式症)。参考第四版的精神病症的诊断及统计手册(DSM-IV),American PsychiatricAssociation,Washington,D.C.,May 1194,pp.435-436。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗纤维肌痛及并发的身体形式症(选自身体化症、转化性疾患、疑病症、身体形式疼痛症(或简单的″疼痛病症″)、身体畸形性病症、未分化身体形式症和其他未说明的身体形式症)。参考第四版的精神病症的诊断及统计手册(DSM-IV),American PsychiatricAssociation,Washington,D.C.,May 1194,pp.435-436。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗伴随一或多种选自下列的身体症状的重抑郁症:食欲不振、睡眠障碍(例如,失眠、中断睡眠、早醒症、倦怠苏醒症)、丧失性欲、不安、疲劳、便秘、消化不良、心悸、疼痛(例如,头痛、颈痛、背痛、肢体痛、关节痛、腹部疼痛)、头晕、恶心、胃灼热、紧张、颤抖症、烧伤和刺痛敏感、晨起的关节僵硬、腹部症状(例如,腹部疼痛、腹胀、腹鸣、腹泻)及与类化焦虑症有关连的症状(例如,过度焦虑及忧虑(担心的等待(apprehensive expectation)),许多事件及活动的发生超过不只至少6个月,不易控制忧虑等)。参考第四版的精神病症的诊断及统计手册(DSM-IV),American Psychiatric Association,Washington,D.C.,May 1194,pp.435-436及445-469。将该文献的内容以其全文并入本文以供参考。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗伴随一或多种选自下列的身体症状的重抑郁症:疲劳、头痛、颈痛、背痛、肢体痛、关节痛、腹部疼痛、腹胀、腹鸣、腹泻、紧张及与类化焦虑症有关连的症状(例如,过度焦虑及忧虑(担心的等待),许多事件及活动的发生超过不只至少6个月,不易控制忧虑等)。参考第四版的精神病症的诊断及统计手册(DSM-IV),AmericanPsychiatric Association,Washington,D.C.,May 1194,pp.435-436及445-469。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗伴随一种或多种选自下列的身体综合征的类化焦虑症:食欲不振、睡眠障碍(例如,失眠、中断睡眠、早醒症、倦怠苏醒症)、丧失性欲、不安、疲劳、便秘、消化不良、心悸、疼痛(例如,头痛、颈痛、背痛、肢体痛、关节痛、腹部疼痛)、头晕、恶心、胃灼热、紧张、颤抖症、烧伤和刺痛敏感、晨起的关节僵硬、腹部症状(例如,腹部疼痛、腹胀、腹鸣、腹泻)及与重抑郁症有关连的症状(例如,悲伤、易流泪、丧失兴趣、害怕、无助、失望、自我贬低、强迫性穷思极虑(obsessiverumination)、自杀念头、疲劳、记忆和注意力受损、丧失动机(loss ofmotivation)、意志麻痹、减低食欲、增加食欲)。
本发明的另一个更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中将式1或1A化合物给予人类从而治疗伴随一种或多种选自下列的身体综合征的类化焦虑症:疲劳、颈痛、背痛、肢体痛、关节痛、腹部疼痛、腹胀、腹鸣、腹泻、紧张及与重抑郁症有关连的症状(例如,悲伤、易流泪、丧失兴趣、害怕、无助、失望、自我贬低、强迫性穷思极虑、自杀念头、疲劳、记忆和注意力受损、丧失动机、意志麻痹、减低食欲、增加食欲)。
本发明也涉及治疗哺乳动物选自下列的疾病的方法:睡眠病症(如失眠,例如,原发性失眠(包括心理生理学及不明原因的失眠)、继发性失眠(包括肢体运动感觉异常综合征、巴金生氏病或另一种慢性病症引起的继发性失眠)及暂时性失眠)、梦游症、睡眠剥夺、REM睡眠障碍、睡眠呼吸暂停症、睡眠过度、异样睡眠障碍(Parasomnias)、睡眠-清醒循环障碍、时差、发作性睡病、与值班或不规律的工作时间有关连的睡眠病症、由于以药物或其它来源引起的减低慢波睡眠的睡眠质量缺陷及其它的睡眠病症,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及在人类患者中增加慢波睡眠的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物人类患者治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及在人类患者中增加生长激素分泌的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的哺乳动物人类患者治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及增加在人类患者中的慢波睡眠的方法,该方法包括给予所述人类患者下列治疗:
(a)式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;及
(b)人类生长激素或人类生长激素促分泌素或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中对所述活性成份″a″及″b″的量进行选择,使它们为有效增加慢波睡眠的量。
本发明更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所使用的人类生长激素促分泌素是2-氨基-N-[2-(3a-苄基-2-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,3a,4,6,7-六氢吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-5-基)-1-苯甲氧基甲基-2-氧代-乙基]-2-甲基丙酰胺。
本发明也涉及在用降低慢波睡眠的药物(如吗啡或另一种类阿片镇痛剂或苯并二氮杂)进行治疗的人类患者中增加慢波睡眠的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的人类患者下列物质:
(a)式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;及
(b)人类生长激素或人类生长激素促分泌素或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中对所述活性成份″a″及″b″的量进行选择,使它们为有效增加慢波睡眠的组合量。
本发明更具体的实施方案涉及上述方法,其中所使用的人类生长激素促分泌素是2-氨基-N-[2-(3a-苄基-2-甲基-3-氧代-2,3,3a,4,6,7-六氢吡唑[4,3-c]吡啶-5-基)-1-苯甲氧基甲基-2-氧代-乙基]-2-甲基丙酰胺。
本发明也涉及在用降低慢波睡眠的药物(如吗啡或另一种类阿片镇痛剂)进行治疗的人类患者中增加慢波睡眠的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的人类患者如上定义的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明也涉及治疗哺乳动物(优选人类)的过敏性肠综合征的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的人类患者治疗有效量的式1或1A化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明优选的实施方案是使用其中R1至R14选自氢、甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、直链或支链丁基、苯基或苄基的式I化合物的上述方法。
本发明更优选的实施方案是使用其中R1至R14选自氢、甲基、乙基或苄基的式I化合物的上述方法。
本发明更具体的优选实施方案是上述方法,其中使用选自以下的化合物:
(±)-(反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(1-氨基甲基环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(顺式/反式)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(顺式)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3,4,4-四乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
反式-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-3-苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
顺式-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-3-叔丁基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二乙基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二异丙基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二叔丁基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苯基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二苄基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,4,4-四甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,3,3,4,4-六甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2-乙基-4-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,4α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环丁基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二苄基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-乙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-乙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-异丙基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-异丙基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-叔丁基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-叔丁基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,3α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,3β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基-4-苯基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-顺式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1R-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1S-反式)-(1-氨基甲基-2-甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,2-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1-氨基甲基-2,2,5,5-四甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2β,5β)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(2R,5R)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(2S,5S)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(1α,2α,5α)-(1-氨基甲基-2,5-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,3β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2α,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,4α)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1R-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
[1S-(1α,2β,4β)]-(1-氨基甲基-2,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉(cyclopentylidene))-乙酸乙酯;
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸;
(±)-(反式)-7,8-二甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮;
(1-硝基甲基环丁基)-乙酸乙酯;
(顺式/反式)-(3R)-(3-甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯;
(顺式/反式)-(7R)-7-甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮;
(顺式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯;
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯;
(反式)-7,8-二甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮;
(3-苄基环丁叉(cyclobutylidene))-乙酸乙酯;及
(顺式/反式)-(3-苄基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯。
本发明特别优选的实施方案涉及上述方法中任何一种,其中所给予的化合物是(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸。
术语“低级烷基”指1至4个碳原子的直链或支链基团。
术语“烷基”指1至6个碳原子的直链或支链基团,除非另外指明,否则包括(但不限于)甲基、乙基、丙基、正丙基、异丙基、丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、戊基。
式1及1A化合物的苄基及苯基可以是未取代的,或者是被1至3个选自下列基团的取代基取代的:羟基、羧基、烷氧羰基、卤素、CF3、硝基、烷基及烷氧基。优选卤素。
因为氨基酸是两性的,所以当R是氢时,药理上可相容的盐可以是适当的无机或有机酸的盐,例如,盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、乙酸、草酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、水杨酸、丙二酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸及抗坏血酸。采用相应的盐酸盐或碳酸盐,可以形成碱金属或碱土金属盐,例如钠盐、钾盐、镁盐或钙盐。也可以用例如四甲基铵离子制备季铵离子盐。可通过已知的方法将氨基酸的羧基酯化。
在本发明的方法中所使用的某些化合物可以非溶剂化物形式与溶剂化物形式存在,包括水合物形式。通常而言,溶剂化物形式(包括水合物形式)与非溶剂化物形式相当,并包括在本发明的范围内。
在本发明的方法中所使用的某些化合物具有一或多个对称中心,并且每一个中心可以R(D)或S(L)构型存在。本发明包括所有的对映异构物及差向异构物以及它们的混合物。
使用本发明的化合物治疗纤维肌痛的一个优点在于这些化合物不会成瘾。在这些方法中,可将所述化合物与其它药物(包括抗抑郁剂及/或抗焦虑剂)组合使用。
根据如下所述方法以及在2000年2月8日提交的美国专利申请09/485,382所述的方法,可以制备式1及1A化合物。
通过如下关于5元环系化合物制备的途径,可以合成4元或5元环系的式1及1A化合物。例如,可以使用由G.Griffiths等人在Helv.Chim.Acta,1991;74:309中所描述的通用策略合成式1及1A化合物(通用流程1)。或者,也可以如类似于用以合成3-氧代-2,8-二氮杂螺[4,5]癸烷-8-甲酸叔丁酯的公开方法(P.W.Smith等人,J.Med.Chem.,1995;38:3722)所示,制备这些化合物(通用流程2)。也可以根据G.Satzinger等人(Ger Offen2,460,891;US 4,024,175及Ger Offen 2,611,690;US4,152,326)所述的方法,合成所述化合物(通用流程3及4)。也可以根据Griffiths等人在Helv.Chim.Acta,1991;74:309中所述的方法合成所述化合物(通用流程5)。
通用流程1
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,哌啶(Cope等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1941;63:3452)
(ii)NaCN,EtOH/H2O;(iii)EtOH,HCl;(iv)H2O/H+;(v)H2,Rh/C,MeOH;(vi)HCl。
通用流程2
(i)Ph3P=CHCO2Me;(ii)MeNO2,1,1,3,3-四甲基胍;(iii)阮内镍,EtOH/H2O;(iv)HCL。
通用流程3
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,氨,H3O+;(ii)H2SO4;(iii)Ac2O;(iv)MeOH;
(v)库尔提斯(Curtius)反应;(vi)HCl,H2O,随后阴离子交换。
通用流程4
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,氨,H3O+;(ii)H2SO4;(iii)Ac2O;(iv)H2NOH;
(v)PhSO2Cl;(vi)Et3N,MeOH;(vi)HCl,H2O,随后进行阴离子交换
通用流程5
(i)氰基乙酸乙酯,哌啶(Cope等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1941;63:3452),
(ii)NaCN,EtOH/H2O;(iii)BnOH,HCl;(iv)H2O/H+;(v)H2,Rh/C,MeOH。
可以制备本发明化合物并且将其通过各种的经口及非经肠剂型给予。因此,可将本发明的化合物经注射给药,即经静脉、肌肉内、皮内、皮下、十二指肠内或腹膜内给药。也可将本发明的化合物通过吸入给药,例如,经鼻内。此外,也可将本发明的化合物经皮肤给药。本领域技术人员可以理解,以下的剂型可以包含作为活性组份式1或1A化合物,或者式1或1A化合物的相应的药学上可接受的盐。
为了将本发明的化合物制备药物组合物,药学上可接受的载体可以是固体载体或液体载体。固体型式的制剂包括散剂、片剂、药丸、胶囊、扁囊剂、栓剂及可分散颗粒。固体载体可以是一种或多种可以作为稀释剂、调味剂、粘合剂、防腐剂、崩解剂或包囊材料的物质。
在散剂中,载体可以是与细活性组份混合的细固体。
在片剂中,将活性组份与具有必要的粘合性质的载体以适合的比例混合及压制成希望的形状和大小。
散剂及片剂优选包括5或10至约70%的活性化合物。适合的载体是碳酸镁、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、糖、乳糖、果胶、糊精、淀粉、明胶、黄著胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、低熔点蜡、可可油等。术语“制备物”包括活性化合物与作为载体的包囊材料的制剂,提供其中以载体包裹的具有或不具有其它载体的活性化合物的胶囊。同样,包括扁囊剂及锭剂。片剂、散剂、胶囊、药丸、扁囊剂及锭剂可以用作适合于经口给药的固体剂型。
制备栓剂时,可以先将低熔点蜡(如脂肪酸甘油酯或可可油的混合物)熔融,并将活性组份以搅拌均匀分散在其中。接着将熔融的均匀混合物倒入适当大小的模具中,使其冷却并固化。
液体形式的制剂包括溶液、混悬液及乳液,例如,水或丙二醇水溶液。制备胃肠外注射液时,可在聚乙二醇水溶液中配制液体制剂。
通过将活性组份溶解在水中并在需要时加入适当的着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂和增稠剂,可以制备适合于经口使用的水溶液。
通过将细化的活性组份分散在含有粘性物质(如天然或合成胶、树脂、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠及其它熟知的悬浮剂)的水中,可以制备适合于经口给药的水混悬液。
也包括在使用前即刻转化成经口给药的液体形式的制剂的固体形式的制剂。这些液体形式包括溶液、混悬液及乳液。除了活性组份之外,这些制剂可以包括着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、合成和天然甜味剂、分散剂、增稠剂、助溶剂等。
药用制剂优选为单位剂型。在这些剂型中,将制剂分成包括适当量的活性组份的单位剂量。单位剂型可以是包装制剂,每个包装包括单独剂量的制剂,如在小瓶或安瓿中的包装片剂、胶囊及散剂。单位剂型也可以是胶囊剂、片剂、扁囊剂或锭剂本身,或者是适当数量的这些剂型的包装型式。
在单位剂量制剂中的活性组份量可以根据具体的应用及活性组份效力在0.1mg至1g范围内改变或调整。在医学用途中,可将药物以每天3次给药,例如,100或300mg的胶囊。必要时,所述组合物也可以包括其它可兼容的治疗药物。
在医疗用途中,可将在本发明的治疗方法中所使用的化合物以每天约0.01mg至约100mg/公斤的初期剂量给药。优选约0.01mg至约100mg/公斤的日剂量范围。但是,剂量可根据患者的需要、所治疗疾病的严重性及所使用的化合物而进行改变。对具体情况的适当剂量的决定对本领域技术人员而言是很容易的。通常先以比最适宜的化合物剂量更小的剂量开始治疗。然后以少量的方式增加剂量,直到达到最适宜于在所述具体情况的效果为止。为了方便起见,如果需要,可将总日剂量在一天之内分次给药。
使用在小鼠中的尾部悬吊试验(TST)及在大鼠中的舔水(Vogel)冲突试验(WLC)评价(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸(“化合物A″)的抗焦虑及抗抑郁活性。Vogl试验是公认的用于评定有效的抗焦虑用途的试验方法。TST方法是用于评定抗抑郁活性的行为绝望示例。
尾部悬吊试验
该方法为将小鼠用一块连接在尾部末端的玻璃纸胶带悬吊6分钟。对动物(来自Charles River Labs的CD-1小鼠,重为22至27克)进行试验。试验装置是TST-2TM(法国Le Kremmlin-Bicetre Cedex的ITEM-Labo)。以方差分析(ANOVA)及Tukey氏多范围检验或Student检验分析数据。
在TST之后也立即以inverted screen test测试小鼠,以评定协调性。使动物进行1分钟试验,其中动物必须爬到inverted screen的顶端或持续及不掉下来。
舔水冲突试验
在该试验中,将170至200g的首次用来做试验的成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分组(N=10-30只/组),并在测试之前,停止供水48小时。在第1天时可获得食物,并在第2天试验之前,先撤除食物24小时。
装置:标准操作试验笼(Coulbourn Instruments)大小为10.25×12×12in。试验室的每一个笼子边装上3个模型托架(modular bay),共6个托架。将模型旋光舔水计(module optical lickometer)架设在试验室一边的离铁栅以上5公分之处。使用舔水计测量自架设在试验室外侧的水瓶的舔食饮用水。将光束经由玻璃棒引导至越过引水管末端的间隙的饮水管的尖端。动物舌头在每一次舔水时会打断光束。以透明的Plexiglas制成试验室的前部和后部。将前部覆盖,减少试验室内部的骚动。将试验室后部面对远离在试验室内的流动通行的墙壁并不覆盖,以在测试期间进行观察。使用校正成每1秒输送1mA(Coulbourn)可编程的万能电击器经由饮水管输送电击。
方法:在第一天时,在停止供水24小时之后,将实验个体放入试验室中,使其以不受处罚的方式饮水。在10分钟期间内限制饮水500次感应或约5ml水。在不受处罚的饮水期间之后,立即使大鼠回到其居住的笼子中,再停止供水24小时及停止供给食物。在试验第2天时,在以舔水(Vogel)冲突试验测试之前120分钟,给大鼠经口服用溶媒或化合物A。在预治疗期之后,将大鼠放入试验室中及允许其饮水10分钟。在每舔10次之后,使大鼠经由饮水管接受1-秒冲击(1mA)。由此,产生冲突或焦虑。刺激大鼠饮水,但是其受到电击抑制。低的饮水量反映焦虑症的出现。标准的抗焦虑药物产生使大鼠虽然受到电击但是可以克服行为抑制作用并饮水的效应。推测明显增加比同时进行的对照更多的电击事件的化合物具有似抗焦虑特性。
使用在Ranks and Mann-Whitney Rank Sum检验的Kruskal-Wallis单向方差分析进行数据的分析。
定量分析:定量分析代表在试验期间接受>20次冲击事件的治疗组内的个体百分比。该数值是关于反应分布的定量比较。
将化合物A溶解在水中,并用0.3至100mg/kg的溶液供在大鼠中经口服测试并用3至300mg/kg的溶液供在小鼠中经口服测试。将剂量以活性部份表示,并用1ml/kg的体积给予大鼠并用10ml/kg的体积给予小鼠。
在TST中典型的抗焦虑样活性模式包含增加不可动性,同时减少移动力。在治疗之后2小时同时测试(PO)化合物A及普加巴林。将化合物A以3至100mg/kg的剂量给药,并将普加巴林以3-100mg/kg进行测试并用作阳性对照(表1)。化合物A在3mg/kg的剂量下呈剂量依赖性增加MED的所观察的不可动性,并在30mg/kg的剂量下观察到最大效应。在30和100mg/kg剂量下化合物A会使移动力降低,该剂量是增加不可动性剂量的10和30倍MED。
在inverted screen test中,在高达100mg/kg的剂量(其是TST MED的30倍)下化合物A不会造成动物掉落。在以100及300mg/kg的剂量测定时,普加巴林造成每10只动物中有1只会从inverted screen掉落。
在舔水(Vogel)冲突试验中,在类似于普加巴林的预治疗之后2小时,化合物A在宽的口服剂量下产生明显的抗冲突活性(表2)。观察3mg/kg剂量的化合物A的MED,在100mg/kg剂量下观察到最大效应。该反应的大小类似于10mg/kg普加巴林(表2)。
在与目前的对照品进行比较时,以化合物A之时间过程效应论证似抗焦虑活性的开始与抗冲突活性的作用期间。在治疗之后2小时开始观察化合物A的活性开始并维持6小时,在2小时的时间点发现活性高峰。在治疗之后1小时开始发现3和10倍于Vogel MED活性(10和30mg/公斤)的剂量的活性开始并维持6小时。在分别治疗之后4-6小时之间发现活性高峰。
在类似的实验条件下测试普加巴林,以供比较。普加巴林的MED及活性开始的时间在剂量反应曲线上向右移动。普加巴林的MED是10mg/公斤并在治疗之后2-4小时发现最大效应。在治疗之后1小时发现以3倍于Vogel MED的剂量(30mg/公斤)的活性开始并维持8小时。在治疗之后6小时发现活性高峰(表4)。
表1.在尾部悬吊试验中,在小鼠中治疗之后2小时,与普加巴林比较的化合物A的剂量反应效应
对照百分比% | |||||
治疗 | 剂量(mg/公斤) | 途径 | 小鼠数/组 | 不可动性 | 移动力 |
化合物 | 3 | PO | 10 | 126.8±7.0* | 70.7±10.3 |
A | 1030100 | POPOPO | 101010 | 143.7±11.0*185.9±7.0*182.4±5.9* | 60.8±11.446.4±12.3*50.5±18.3* |
普加巴林 | 31030100300 | POPOPOPOPO | 1010101010 | 102.9±9.5134.5±9.9*136.9±7.1*152.7±6.6*160.5±7.4* | 99.1±22.989.6±18.796.4±22.773.4±12.576.6±12.2 |
在以尾部悬吊试验的小鼠中,与普加巴林比较的化合物A的效应总结(粗体字相当于MED TST)。*相对于以溶媒治疗的对照品的p<0.05。T-试验。
表2.冲突行为的效应:在以舔水(Vogel)冲突试验的大鼠中,与普加巴林比较的化合物A之剂量反应效应
治疗 | 剂量(mg/公斤) | 途径 | 鼷鼠数/组 | 预治疗的时间(分钟) | 平均电击事件(1毫安) | 以>20次电击事件治疗之动物百分比 |
溶媒 | 0 | PO | 30 | 120 | 68±2.14 | 7% |
化合物A | 0.3131030100 | POPOPOPOPOPO | 103030303010 | 120120120120120120 | 16.5±8.711.7±4.216.7±4.3*33.8±6.2*46.3±7.6*52.8±10.9* | 20%10%17%43%67%90% |
媒剂 | 0 | PO | 20 | 120 | 3.9±0.4 | 0% |
普加巴林 | 0.3131030100 | POPOPOPOPOPO | 101020101010 | 120120120120120120 | 5.1±1.015.0±6.310.2±1.614.7±4.0*51.0±19.1*40.7±11.1* | 0%20%20%20%50%50% |
在以舔水冲突试验(PO)的大鼠中,与普加巴林比较的化合物A的效应(粗体字相当于在WLC中的MED)。数据是平均±SEM
*相对于溶媒剂的p<0.05。以Ranks and Mann-Whitney Rank Sum检验的Kruskal-Wallis单向方差分析。
表3.在以舔水(Vogel)冲突试验的大鼠中,以MED(3mg/公斤)及3和10倍于Vogel MED的剂量(10和30mg/公斤)的化合物A之时间过程效应
治疗后的时间 | ||||||||
30分钟 | 1小时 | 2小时 | 4小时 | 6小时 | 8小时 | |||
治疗 | 电击事件 | |||||||
溶媒 | 28.1±10.6 | 18.3±7.5 | 9.2±2.9 | 10.7±3.6 | 20.9±7.2 | |||
化合物A3mg/公斤(MED) | 38.8±12.2 | 55.7±12.7* | 38.4±12.2* | 44.7±13.3* | 7.7±1.2 | |||
溶媒 | 20.3±10.8 | 13.0±7.1 | 4.4±1.3 | 4.8±0.8 | 25.2±10.6 | |||
化合物A10mg/公斤(3倍于MED) | 14.1±3.1 | 28.2±7.6* | 29.6±8.0* | 47.7±11.7* | 38.4±13.2 | |||
溶媒 | 20.4±12.2 | 21.9±8.3 | 11.6±2.9 | 9.5±4.1 | 7.0±2.2 | |||
化合物A30mg/公斤(10倍于MED) | 35.8±12.6 | 93.3±12.1* | 88.4±7.4* | 73.5±12.2* | 97.4±11.1* |
在以舔水冲突试验(PO)的大鼠中,化合物A的时间过程效应,N=10只/组(粗体字相当于在WLC中的MED)。
*相对于目前所用的溶媒的p<0.05。单向ANOVA。
表4.在以舔水(Vogel)冲突试验的大鼠中,以MED(10mg/公斤)及3倍于MED(30mg/公斤)的普加巴林之时间过程效应
治疗后的时间 | ||||||
30分钟 | 1小时 | 2小时 | 4小时 | 6小时 | 8小时 | |
治疗 | 电击事件 | |||||
溶媒 | - | 12.6±2.9 | 23.9±10.0 | 14.3±7.6 | 23.1±10.4 | 16.1±6.5 |
普加巴林10mg/公斤 | - | 65.8±10.8 | 73.3±13.7* | 75.1±13.7* | 54.9±14.7* | 41.9±13.5 |
溶媒 | 9.0±1.8 | 14.9±3.4 | 7.3±1.1 | 9.8±1.4 | 5.3±0.9 | 5.8±0.7 |
普加巴林 | 27.7±8.2 | 66.5±10* | 59.8±9.8* | 100.3±12* | 39.5±9* | 30.4±9.1 |
30mg/公斤 | * |
在以舔水冲突试验的大鼠中,普加巴林(10和30mg/公斤)的时间过程效应,N=10只/组(粗体字相当于在WLC中的MED)。
*相对于目前使用的溶媒之p<0.05。单向ANOVA。
使用在以酸注入腓肠肌之前的足垫异常性疼痛的大鼠模型进一步评估(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸(“化合物A″)。
纤维肌痛综合征(FMS)的患者通常具有广泛的慢性肌骨疼痛,其常常伴随异常性疼痛(相应于轻触摸刺激产生的疼痛,正常情况下是不疼痛)。已开发出具有持续性机械异常性疼痛的大鼠模型,与在这些患者中发现的肌肉敏感性相一致。多次将酸化食盐水注入老鼠的腓肠肌会产生持久的异常性疼痛(在足底测量比较方便),其被视为以中枢介导的疼痛(Sluka K.,Kalra A.,Moore S.单侧肌肉注射酸性盐水可导致双侧产生持久的痛觉过敏.Muscle Nerve 2001;24:37-46;Sluka K.,Rohlwing J.,Bussey R.等人的通过脊柱给予μ和δ阿片受体、但非κ阿片受体激动剂可以反转由重复酸注射诱发的慢性肌肉痛.J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:1146-50)。使用该模型评估化合物A抑制异常性疼痛的能力。
根据Sluka等人所述的方法进行稍加改进,诱发异常性疼痛(Sluka K.,Kalra A.,Moore S.,单侧肌肉注射酸性盐水可导致双侧产生持久的痛觉过敏.Muscle Nerve 2001;24:37-46)。在第1天时,将在黑暗循环的Sprague-Dawley大鼠(~200g体重)放入悬吊的铁丝底笼中,使其适应0.5小时。使用Dixon Up-Down法(Dixon W.,试验观察结果的有效分析.AnnRev Pharmacol Toxicol 1908;20:441-62),以Von Frey单纤丝毛(2.0、3.6、5.5、8.5、15.1及28.8克的弯曲强度)测定基准足掌回缩极限值。将VonFrey毛施加在足底表面上最多6秒,并将在该范围的足掌退缩视为阳性反应。在评定之后,刮除右腓肠肌,以乙醇擦拭并注射用0.1ml以HCl酸化成pH 4的0.9%NaCl溶液。在第5天时重复注射。在第6、7及8天,将动物以动态足底触觉测量器(dynamic plantar aesthesiometer,意大利Comerio-Varese的Ugo Basile)处置,以促进异常性疼痛的诱发。为了筛选发生异常性疼痛的大鼠,在第11天时以Von Frey毛施加于同侧足掌。化合物评估试验包括来自该试验的阳性反应大鼠。在第12天时(异常性疼痛高峰日),将动物分成不同的治疗组,并接着测定其同侧足掌回缩极限,以确立与基准值比较的异常性疼痛(足掌回缩极限减低)。接着给大鼠服用10ml/公斤的溶媒(0.5%羟丙基甲基纤维素/0.2%Tween80)或指定剂量的化合物A。在给药后2小时,以盲方式以Von Frey毛再评定足掌回缩极限,以进行剂量反应研究,并在该实验过程之后2、5、8及24小时再评定该极限。以治疗之后增加的足掌回缩极限除以在基准线与预治疗之足掌回缩值之间的差异,来测定每一只动物的异常性疼痛抑制作用。接着将分数乘以100,转换成抑制百分比。
化合物A呈剂量依赖性地减弱异常性疼痛,最低的有效剂量是10mg/公斤(表I),为了测定抑制的时间,故在服用10mg/公斤化合物A之后,监控不同的时间点的异常性疼痛。经口给予化合物A明显逆转在每一个时间点的PWT,但是以在给药后2至5小时最有效。
表I.注射酸性盐水前后的大鼠足掌回缩极限,经口给予溶媒和化合物A进行治疗
治疗 | 给药前的平均足掌回缩极限(克±SEM) | 给药2小时后的平均足掌回缩极限(克±SEM) | 异常性疼痛的平均抑制% |
基准线(在注射酸或药物治疗前)N=24 | 21.9±1.5 | 不适用 | |
溶媒N=8 | 6.8±1.0 | 6.4±1.1 | 0% |
3mg/公斤化合物A(N=8) | 6.3±0.8 | 11.4±1.7 | 33% |
10mg/公斤化合物A(N=8) | 6.2±1.0 | 17.4±1.5 | 72% |
表II.注射酸性盐水后的大鼠足掌回缩极限,比较经口给予溶媒和化合物A治疗后不同时间点的极限值
治疗 | 治疗后的时间(小时) | 基准线平均足掌回缩极限(克±SEM) | 治疗后的平均足掌回缩极限(克±SEM) | 异常性疼痛的平均抑制% |
基准线(在注射酸或药物治疗前)N=10 | 22.0±1.1 | 不适用 | ||
溶媒(N=7) | 治疗前 | 6.3±0.8 | ||
2 | 7.0±1.3 | 0% | ||
5 | 4.2±0.6 | 0% | ||
8 | 4.5±0.6 | 0% | ||
24 | 5.9±1.1 | 0% | ||
10mg/公斤化合物A(N=8) | 治疗前 | 6.5±0.9 | ||
2 | 16.0±1.4 | 60%±10 | ||
5 | 15.2±1.8 | 62%±10 | ||
8 | 9.9±2.0 | 31%±12 | ||
24 | 13.3±2.8 | 46%±17 |
可以看出,给予化合物A减轻注射酸性盐水诱发的足掌异常性疼痛。在给药后24小时的观察期内均有效力,尽管该效力会随时间而衰退。
结果表明,化合物A可用于治疗与纤维肌痛有关的异常性疼痛。
实施例
以下的实施例用于说明本发明,而不是用于限制本发明的范围。
在实施例1至8中,第一个步骤包括将环酮转化成α,β-不饱和酯2,该反应是通过使用膦酰基乙酸三烷基酯或卤化(烷氧基羰基甲基)三苯基鏻及碱(如氢化钠、氢化钾、六甲基二硅迭氮锂或钠或钾、丁基锂或叔丁醇钾)在溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚或二甲基亚砜)中在-78℃至100℃的适当的温度下进行的。
第二个步骤包括使α,β-不饱和酯2与硝基甲烷及适合的碱(如四丁基氟化铵、四甲基胍、1,5-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬-5-烯、1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯、烷醇钠或钾、氢化钠或氟化钾)在溶剂(如四氢呋喃、乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜、苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿或四氯甲烷)中在-20℃至100℃的适当的温度下进行反应。
第三个步骤包括对3的硝基部分进行催化氢化,该方法采用催化剂(如阮内镍、钯炭或铑催化剂或其它镍或钯催化剂)在溶剂(如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、1,4-二氧杂环己烷、氯仿或乙醚)中在20℃至80℃的适当的温度下进行氢化。
第四个步骤包括使用盐酸对内酰胺4进行水解,该反应也可以使用共溶剂(如四氢呋喃或1,4-二氧杂环己烷或其它惰性水溶性溶剂)在20℃至回流的适当的温度下进行。
实施例1
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(在油中的60%分散液,737mg,18.42mmol)悬浮在无水四氢呋喃(50ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(3.83ml,19.30mmol),并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。接着加入在THF(10ml)中的酮(1)(1.965g,17.54mmol),并使混合物温热至室温。2小时后,将混合物分配在乙醚(200ml)与水(150ml)之间。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶9的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到为无色油状物的(2)3.01g(94%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s)。
MS(Cl+)m/e:183([MH+],18%)。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(2.95g,16.2mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(10ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.9ml,35.2mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在四氢呋喃中的1.0M,22ml,22.0mmol)一起搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(30ml)随后用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶9的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到1.152g(29%)澄清的油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz)。
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)v cm-1:1186,1376,1549,1732,2956。
(±)-(反式)-7,8-二甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.14g,4.7mmol)溶解在甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气下(40psi)于阮内镍催化剂一起摇动。在5小时之后,将催化剂经经硅藻土过滤除去。真空除去溶剂,得到746mg(95%)淡黄色油,放置后固化。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.32(2H,m),1.46(2H,m),1.97(2H,m),2.27(2H,ABq,J=16,27Hz),3.23(2H,s),5.62(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:168([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)v cm-1:1451,1681,1715,2948,3196。
(±)-(反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
将内酰胺(4)(734mg,4.40mmol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(5ml)与6N HCl(15ml)的混合物中加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)稀释并用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)洗涤。收集水相,真空除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯研磨,在收集并干燥后得到675mg(69%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,br s),12.34(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例2
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
环丁叉乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(在油中的60%分散液,1.80g,44.94mmol)悬浮在无水四氢呋喃(80ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(9.33ml,47.08mmol),并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。接着加入在THF(20ml)中的环丁酮(1)(3.0g,42.8mmol),并使混合物温热至室温。2小时后,将混合物分配在乙醚(200ml)与水(150ml)之间。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4)及在600mm Hg真空中脱除溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶19的乙酸乙酯∶戊烷)纯化,得到为无色油状物的(2)5.81g(96%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.27(3H,t,J=6Hz),2.09(2H,m),2.82(2H,m),3.15(2H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=6Hz),5.58(1H,s)。
MS(ES+)m/e:141([MH+],100%)。IR(膜)v cm-1:1088,1189,1336,1673,1716,2926。
(1-硝基甲基环丁基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(5.79g,41.4mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(20ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(4.67ml,86.4mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在四氢呋喃中的1.0M,55ml,55.0mmol)一起搅拌。18小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(150ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(60ml)随后用盐水(100ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到4.34g(52%)澄清的油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.27(3H,t,J=6Hz),1.96-2.20(6H,m),2.71(2H,s),4.15(2H,q,J=6Hz),4.71(2H,s)。
MS(ES+)m/e:202([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)v cm-1:1189,1378,1549,1732,2984。
(1-氨基甲基环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(2.095g,10.4mmol)溶解在甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃的氢气下(45psi)与阮内镍催化剂一起摇动。6小时后,将催化剂经经硅藻土过滤除去。真空除去溶剂,得到1.53g淡黄色油,该油不经纯化使用。将该油溶解在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(5ml)及6N HCl(15ml)中,并加热至回流。在5小时之后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)稀释并用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)洗涤。收集水相,真空除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯研磨,在收集并干燥后得到1.35g(72%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ1.80-2.03(6H,m),2.59(2H,s),3.02(2H,s),8.04(3H,brs),12.28(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:144([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
微量分析C7H14NO2Cl,计算值:C,46.80%;H,7.86%;N,7.80%。
实验值:C,46.45%;H,7.98%;N,7.71%。
实施例3
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(R)-(3-甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(在油中的60%分散液,1.86g,46.5mmol)悬浮在无水四氢呋喃(40ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(9.69ml,48.8mmol),并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。接着加入在THF(10ml)中的酮(1)(5ml,46.5mmol),并使混合物温热至室温。2小时后,将混合物分配在乙醚(200ml)与水(150ml)之间。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶9的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到为无色油状物的(2)5.45g(70%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.04(3H,m),1.27(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.80-2.74(7H,m),2.90-3.15(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.76(1H,s)
MS(Cl+)m/e:169([MH+],20%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1205,1371,1653,1716,2955。
(顺式/反式)-(3R)-(3-甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(3.0g,17.8mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(20ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.92ml,35.6mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在四氢呋喃中的1.0M,25ml,25.0mmol)搅拌。18小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(30ml)随后用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶9的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到2.00g(49%)澄清的油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.02(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.08-1.37(5H,m),1.59-2.17(5H,m),2.64(2H,m),4.15(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.64(2H,m)。
MS(ES+)m/e:230([MH+],4%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1183,1377,1548,1732,2956。
(顺式/反式)-(7R)-7-甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.98g,8.66mmol)溶解在甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气下(40psi)与阮内镍催化剂一起摇动。18小时后,将催化剂经经硅藻土过滤除去。真空除去溶剂,并将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到1.05g(79%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.03(3H,m),1.22(2H,m),1.60-2.15(5H,m),2.22(2H,m),3.20及3.27(总计2H,2xs,顺式及反式),6.18(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:154([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1695,2949,3231。
(顺式/反式)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
将内酰胺(4)(746mg,4.88mmol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(5ml)与6NHCl(15ml)的混合物中加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)稀释并用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)洗涤。收集水相,真空除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯研磨,得到白色固体,收集及干燥。乙酸乙酯/甲醇再结晶,在收集并干燥后得到(5)656mg(65%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.96(3H,m),1.01-1.24(2H,m),1.42-2.10(5H,m),2.41及2.44(总计2H,2xs,顺式及反式),2.94(2H,m),796(3H,brs),12.35(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:172([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例4
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(顺式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(在油中的60%分散液,519mg,12.96mmol)悬浮在无水四氢呋喃(30ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(2.68ml,13.5mmol),并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。接着加入在THF(10ml)中的酮(1)(1.21g,10.80mmol),并使混合物温热至室温。2小时后,将混合物分配在乙醚(200ml)与水(150ml)之间。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,5∶95的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到为无色油状物的1.40g(71%)(2)。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.84(3H,d,J=6Hz),0.91(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),2.01-2.95(6H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.76(1H,s)。
MS(Cl+)m/e:183([MH+],18%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1043,1125,1200,1658,1715,2959。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(1.384g,7.60mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(10ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(0.82ml,15.2mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在四氢呋喃中的1.0M,11.4ml,11.4mmol)搅拌。6小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(50ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(30ml)随后用盐水(50ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,5∶95的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到0.837g(45%)澄清的油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.21-1.39(5H,m),1.98(2H,m),2.18(2H,m),2.64(2H,s),4.15(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,s)。
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1184,1377,1548,1732,2961。
(反式)-7,8-二甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(0.83g,3.4mmol)溶解在甲醇(30ml)中,并在30℃于氢气下(40psi)与阮内镍催化剂一起摇动。4小时后,将催化剂经经硅藻土过滤除去。真空除去溶剂,得到567mg(99%)淡黄色油,放置后固化。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.89(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.38(2H,m),1.91(2H,m),2.10(2H,m),2.32(2H,s),3.18(2H,s),5.61(1H,brs)
MS(ES+)m/e:168([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1304,1450,1699,2871,3186。
(1α,3β,4β)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
将内酰胺(4)(563mg,4.40mmol)在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(5ml)与6NHCl(15ml)之混合物中加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)稀释并用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)洗涤。收集水相,真空除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯研磨,得到白色固体,收集并干燥。将其自乙酸乙酯/甲醇再结晶,在收集并干燥后得到440mg(5)(59%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.84(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.21(2H,m),1.81(2H,m),2.06(2H,m),2.47(2H,s),2.89(2H,s),7.94(3H,brs),12.30(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例5
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
(3-苄基环丁叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
将NaH(在油中的60%分散液,0.496g,12.4mmol)悬浮在无水四氢呋喃(40ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(2.58ml,13.0mmol),并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。接着加入在THF(15ml)中的环丁酮(1)(1.89g,11.8mmol),并使混合物温热至室温。4小时后,将混合物分配在乙醚(200ml)与水(150ml)之间。分离有机相,用盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶4的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到为无色油状物的(2)2.19g(81%)。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.26(3H,t,J=6Hz),2.55(1H,m),2.64-2.95(5H,m),3.28(2H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=6Hz),5.63(1H,s),7.10-7.32(5H,m)。
MS(ES+)m/e:231([MH+],8%)。
IR(膜)v cm-1:1190,1335,1675,1715,2980。
(顺式/反式)-(3-苄基-1-硝基甲基环丁基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将不饱和酯(2)(2.17g,9.42mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(15ml)中,并在70℃下与硝基甲烷(1.02ml,18.8mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在四氢呋喃中的1.0M,14ml,14.0mmol)搅拌。24小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(150ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(60ml)随后用盐水(100ml)洗涤。收集有机相,干燥(MgSO4),真空除去溶剂。将残余物经快速层法(硅胶,1∶1的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷)纯化,得到1.55g(57%)澄清的油状物。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.25(3H,m),1.86(2H,m),2.09-2.33(2H,m),2.53-2.78(3H,m),4.15(2H,q,J=6Hz),4.62及4.71(总计2H,2xs,顺式及反式),7.08-7.34(5H,m)。
MS(ES+)m/e:292([MH+],100%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1185,1378,1549,1732,2933。
(顺式/反式)-(1-氨基甲基-3-苄基环丁基)-乙酸盐酸盐(4)的合成
将硝基酯(3)(1.53g,5.25mmol)溶解在甲醇(50ml)中,并在30℃于氢气下(45psi)与阮内镍催化剂一起摇动。在5小时之后,将催化剂经经硅藻土过滤除去。真空除去溶剂,得到1.32g淡黄色油,该油不经纯化使用。将该油溶解在1,4-二氧杂环己烷(5ml)及6N HCl(15ml)中,并加热至回流。4小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,用水(20ml)稀释并用二氯甲烷(3×30ml)洗涤。收集水相,真空除去溶剂。将残余物用乙酸乙酯研磨,在收集并干燥后得到0.88g(62%)白色固体。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ1.64(1H,m),1.84(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.20-2.74(5H,m),2.98及3.04(总计2H,2xs,顺式及反式),7.10-7.31(5H,m),8.00(3H,brs),12.28(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:234([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例6
试剂:(i)膦酰基乙酸三乙酯,NaH;(ii)MeNO2,Bu4N+F-;(iii)H2,Ni;(iv)HCl
在文献中已知酮(1),并可根据其中所述方法合成:Y.Kato,Chem.Pharm.Bull.1966;14:1438-1439及相关文献:W.C.M.C.Kokke,F.A.Varkevisser,J.Org.Chem.,1974;39:1535;R.Baker,D.C.Billington,N.Eranayake,JCS Chem.Comm.,1981:1234;K.Furuta,K.Iwanaga,H.Yamamoto,Tet.Lett.,1986;27:4507;G.Solladie,O.Lohse,Tet.Asymm.,1993;4:1547;A.Rosenquist,I.Kvarnstrom,S.C.T.Svensson,B.Classon,B.Samuelsson,Acta Chem.Scand.,1992;46:1127;E.J.Corey,W.Su,Tet.Lett.,1988;29:3423;D.W.Knight,B.Ojhara,Tet.Lett.,1981;22:5101。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
在氮气于0℃下,将膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(6.5ml,32.7mmol)经5分钟加入在THF(60ml)中的氢化钠(1.3g,32.5mmol)的悬浮液中。再搅拌10分钟,将在THF(2×10ml)中的(1)(约2.68g,约30mmol)的溶液加入澄清的溶液中,并去除冰浴。4小时后,以倒入水(100ml)中中止反应,并将混合物以醚(400ml)萃取。将有机相以饱和盐水(100ml)洗涤,干燥并在真空中浓缩。经柱层析分离(10∶1的庚烷/乙酸乙酯),得到为油状物的产物,4.53g,约100%;91%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s)。
MS(Cl+)m/e:183([MH+],21%)。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将TBAF(在THF中的1M溶液,32ml,32mmol)加入在THF(15ml)中的(2)(4.24g,23.3mmol)的溶液中,接着加入硝基甲烷(3ml),并将反应物在60℃下加热8小时。冷却后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(150ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(40ml)随后用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤。以柱层析法分离(10∶1的庚烷/乙酸乙酯)得到油状产物,2.24g,40%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz)。
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],5%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1186,1376,1549,1732,2956。
(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(6)的合成
将在甲醇(100ml)中的(3)(3.5g,14.4mmol)的溶液在Ni海绵的存在下在30℃于50psi下氢化4小时。将催化剂滤除,并在真空中浓缩,得到2∶1的内酰胺和氨基酯的混合物2.53g,96%,该混合物可不经纯化使用。将在二氧杂环己烷(15ml)及6N HCl(45ml)中的该混合物(2.53g,13.8mmol)在回流下加热(油浴=110℃)4小时。在冷却并用水(60ml)稀释后,将混合物用二氯甲烷(3×50ml)洗涤,随后在真空中浓缩。将所得油用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷依次洗涤,得到黏稠的泡沫状物,将其干燥,得到为白色粉末的产物2.32g,76%。
αD(23℃)(H2O)(c=1.002)=+28.2°。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,brs),12.34(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例7
在文献中已知酮(1),并可根据文献所述的方法合成:W.C.M.C.Kokke,F.A.Varkevisser,J.Org.Chem.,1974;39:1535;Carnmalm,Ark,Kemi,1960;15:215,219;Carnmalm,Chem.Ind.,1956:1093;Linder等人的J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1977;99:727,733;A.E.Greene,F.Charbonnier,Tet.Lett.,1985;26:5525及相关文献:R.Baker,D.C.Billington,N.Eranayake,JCS Chem.Comm.,1981:1234;K.Furuta,K.1wanaga,H.Yamamoto,Tet.Lett.,1986;27:4507;G.Solladie,O.Lohse,Tet.Asymm.,1993;4:1547;A.Rosenquist,I.Kvarnstrom,S.C.T.Svensson,B.Classon,B.Samuelsson,Acta Chem.Scand.,1992;46:1127;E.J.Corey,W.Su,Tet.Lett.,1988;29:3423;D.W.Knight,B.Ojhara,Tet.Lett.,1981;22:5101。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
在氮气及0℃下,将膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(4.1ml,20.7mmol)经5分钟加入在THF(40ml)中的氢化钠(0.824g,20.6mmol)的悬浮液中。再搅拌10分钟,然后将在THF(2×10ml)中的(1)(约2.10g,约15.8mmol)的溶液加入澄清的溶液中,并去除冰浴。4小时后,倒入水(100ml)中中止反应,并将混合物用醚(4×100ml)萃取。将有机相用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤,干燥并在真空中浓缩。以柱层析法分离(10∶1的庚烷/乙酸乙酯),得到油状产物,2.643g,约100%;91%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ1.01(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.03(3H,d,J=6Hz),1.26(3H,t,J=7Hz),1.49(2H,m),2.07(1H,m),2.24(1H,m),2.61(1H,m),4.13(2H,q,J=7Hz),5.72(1H,s)。
MS(Cl+)m/e:183([MH+],19%)。
(反式)-(3,4-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将TBAF(在THF中的1M溶液,18ml,18mmol)加入在THF(12ml)中的(2)(2.44g,13.4mmol)的溶液中,接着加入硝基甲烷(2ml),并将反应在60℃下加热4小时。冷却后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯(250ml)稀释,并用2N HCl(50ml)随后用饱和盐水(50ml)洗涤。经柱层析法分离(10∶1的庚烷/乙酸乙酯),得到油状产物,1.351g,41%。
1H NMR 400MHz(CDCl3):δ0.98(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.10-1.39(5H,m),1.47(2H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.03(1H,m),2.57(2H,ABq,J=16,38Hz),4.14(2H,q,J=7Hz),4.61(2H,ABq,J=12,60Hz)。
MS(ES+)m/e:244([MH+],12%)。
IR(膜)vcm-1:1186,1376,1549,1732,2956。
(3R,4R)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(6)的合成
将在甲醇(100ml)中的(3)(1.217g,5.0mmol)的溶液在Ni海绵的存在下在30℃及50psi下氢化4小时。将催化剂滤除,并在真空中浓缩,得到3∶5的内酰胺与氨基酯的混合物,1.00g,100%,使用未纯化的该混合物。将在二氧杂环己烷(10ml)及6N HCl(30ml)中的混合物(1.00g,5.0mmol)在回流下加热(油浴=110℃)4小时。在冷却及用水(100ml)稀释之后,将混合物用二氯甲烷(2×50ml)洗涤及接着在真空中浓缩。将所得油用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷依次洗涤,得到黏稠的泡沫状物,将其干燥,得到为白色粉末的产物,0.532g,48%。
αD(23℃)(H2O)(c=1.01)=-27.0°。
1H NMR 400MHz(d6-DMSO):δ0.91(6H,d,J=6Hz),1.18(2H,m),1.42(2H,m),1.72(1H,m),1.87(1H,m),2.42(2H,ABq,J=16,24Hz),2.90(2H,ABq,J=12,34Hz),8.00(3H,brs),12.34(1H,brs)。
MS(ES+)m/e:186([MH-HCl]+,100%)。
实施例8
试剂及条件:(i)(EtO)2POCH2CO2Et,NaH,THF;(ii)CH3NO2,nBu4NF,THF;(iii)RaNi,H2,MeOH;(iv)6N HCl
二甲基环戊酮1的合成
根据Hiegel及Burk在J.Org.Chem.,1973;38:3637中所述的方法,制备3,3-二甲基环戊酮。
(3,3-二甲基环戊叉)-乙酸乙酯(2)的合成
在0℃下,将氢化钠(在油中的60%分散液,300mg)加入在THF(20ml)中的膦酰基乙酸三乙酯(1.84g,7.52mmol)的搅拌溶液中。在30分钟之后,加入在THF(5ml)中的酮1(766mg,6.84mmol)。在24小时之后,将溶液以氯化铵饱和溶液稀释及将两相分开。将水相用乙醚(3×50ml)萃取并干燥(MgSO4)。将合并的有机相浓缩,并经快速层析分离(25∶1的己烷/乙酸乙酯),得到油状的酯2(697mg,56%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ5.7(1H,s),4.1(2H,q),2.8(1H,t),2.5(1H,t),2.2(1H,s),1.55(1H,m),1.45(1H,m),1.2(3H,t),1.0(3H,s),0.98(3H,s)。
MS(m/z):183(MH+,100%),224(50%)。
(±)-(3,3-二甲基-1-硝基甲基环戊基)-乙酸乙酯(3)的合成
将四丁基氟化铵(在THF中的1M,5.75ml,5.75mmol)加入在THF(20ml)中的酯(2)(697mg,3.83mmol)及硝基甲烷(467mg,7.66mmol)的溶液中,并将混合物加热至70℃。19小时后,加入硝基甲烷(233mg,1.9mmol)及四丁基氟化铵(在THF中的1M,1.9ml,1.9mmol),并持续回流7小时,在此时将溶液冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(40ml)稀释,并用2NHCl(20ml)随后用盐水(20ml)洗涤。将有机相干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。将粗产物经快速层析分离(9∶1的已烷/乙酸乙酯),得到油状的硝基酯3(380mg,41%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ4.62(1H,d),4.6(1H,d),4.1(2H,q),2.6(1H,d),2.58(1H,d),1.8(1H,m),1.7(1H,m),1.6-1.4(4H,m),1.2(3H,t),0.98(6H,s)。
MS(m/z):244(MH+,40%),198(100%)。
(±)-7,7-二甲基-2-氮杂螺[4.4]壬-2-酮(4)的合成
将酯(3)(380mg,1.6mmol)及阮内镍(1g)悬浮在甲醇(75ml)中,并在氢气下摇动24小时。将催化剂以过滤去除,将过滤物浓缩,得到为白色固体的内酰胺(246mg,94%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ3.21(1H,d),3.08(1H,d),2.24(1H,d),2.18(1H,d),1.7(2H,m),1.5-1.4(4H,m),0.98(6H,s)。MS(m/z):168(MH+,40%)。
(±)-(1-氨基甲基-3,3-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐(5)的合成
将在6N HCl中的内酰胺(240mg,1.44mmol)加热至回流24小时。将残余物在减压下浓缩并用醚研磨,得到为白色固体的氨基酸5。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ2.98(2H,s),2.4(2H,s),1.5(2H,m),1.4-1.2(4H,m),0.84(3H,s),0.84(3H,s)。
MS(m/z):186(MH+,100%),168(M-NH3,20%)。
实施例9
(顺式)-(3R)-(1-氨基甲基-3-甲基环戊基)-乙酸盐酸盐的合成
试剂及条件:(i)H2,Pd/C,MeOH;(ii)I2,Ph3P,咪唑,CH3CN;(iii)LAH,THF;(iv)TsNHN=CHCOCl,PhNMe2,Et3N;(v)Rh2(cap)4,CH2Cl2,回流;(vi)a)BBr3,EtOH;b)NH3;(vii)6N HCl,回流。
根据Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 3,1992:431中所述的方法制备单酯1。
在第一个步骤中,将酯1使用催化剂(如阮内镍、钯炭或铑催化剂或其它镍或钯催化剂)在溶剂(如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、1,4-二氧杂环己烷、氯仿或乙醚)中在20℃至80℃的适当的温度下氢化。
在第二个步骤中,将醇2用三苯膦、咪唑及碘在溶剂(如醚、四氢呋喃或乙腈)中在0℃至室温下处理,得到碘化物3。
在第三个步骤中,将碘化物3用适当的还原剂(如氢化锂铝或硼氢化锂)在溶剂(如醚或四氢呋喃)中在0℃至回流的温度下处理,得到醇4。
在第四个步骤中,将醇4用二羟乙酸氯化物(对-甲苯磺酰基)腙及N,N-二甲基苯胺及接着以三乙胺在溶剂(如二氯甲烷、氯仿、苯或甲苯)中处理,得到重氮基乙酸酯5。
Claims (1)
1.(3S,4S)-(1-氨基甲基-3,4-二甲基环戊基)-乙酸或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗纤维肌痛的药物中的用途。
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