CN1495204A - 梯度共聚物作为分散剂处理颜料和其它固体的应用 - Google Patents
梯度共聚物作为分散剂处理颜料和其它固体的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1495204A CN1495204A CNA031586228A CN03158622A CN1495204A CN 1495204 A CN1495204 A CN 1495204A CN A031586228 A CNA031586228 A CN A031586228A CN 03158622 A CN03158622 A CN 03158622A CN 1495204 A CN1495204 A CN 1495204A
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- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
- C09D17/001—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints in aqueous medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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Abstract
梯度共聚物作为分散剂的用途,其是用非聚合单官能的引发剂通过活性控制聚合烯键式不饱和单体获得的,并且沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性,通过a)向反应中的单体(II)中连续供入一种单体(I)或b)向反应器中按不同速率连续供入一种单体(I)和一种单体(II),单体(I)或单体(II)被引入梯度共聚物基团中,这些基团为原样或这些基团经梯度共聚物与一种或多种所要分散固体相互作用进一步化学反应后,而另一单体引入与液体或固体分散介质相容的梯度共聚物基团中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种沿着聚合物链具有从亲水性过渡到疏水性的梯度共聚物作为分散剂,特别是在处理颜料和其它固体分中的用途。本发明进一步涉及包含沿着聚合物链具有从亲水性过渡到疏水性的梯度共聚物作为分散剂的涂料组合物和模塑料。
背景技术
为了使固体均匀分布在诸如涂料、含水颜料分散体或模塑料的液体或固体介质中,这些介质均是热固性的和热塑性的聚合物,并且为了使其更稳定,适当的时候,加入分散剂作为助剂。为了这些目的,这些助剂必须具备两种不同的特性。首先,它们与固体表面相互作用使其容易润湿。这一特性可以通过一些被称为附着基团(attachment group)的化学基团来达到。亲水的附着基团的实例包括叔胺、铵盐、磷酸酯、羧酸基团、酰胺、聚氨酯和脲结构。对水分散体而言,所用的附着基团可以是疏水结构如烷基、苯基结构和苄基结构,如Adv.Mater.1998,10,1214所述。其次分散剂在分子上具有与介质高度相容的区域。对于有机介质,这些区域例如可以是疏水结构如烷基或芳基结构。对于含水介质,应该使用可以溶于水的亲水结构,如聚乙二醇或转化为其盐形式的羧酸。
下面将构成与液体或固体介质相容的分散剂部分的单体称为“单体A”。下面将具有能与需分散固体表面相互作用的官能团或附着基团的单体称为“单体B”。这些官能团或附着基团也可以在聚合反应后通过化学反应生成。
常用的分散剂是基于烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物,这些单体如甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯或苯乙烯。在常规方法中,这些聚合物是通过自由基聚合反应方法获得的。在这种反应中,有可能实现单体A和B仅在聚合物链上的无规分布。这样的化合物描述于US 5688858中。
随着受控和活性聚合技术的发展,有望按简单方法生产结构聚合物。
如通过基团转移聚合(GTP)有望制备基于AB嵌段共聚物的分散剂。其实例如EP-A-0 218 436,EP-A-0 329 873,EP-A-0 518225,EP-A-0 323181和US 4925765所述。
一种可用于多种单体聚合的聚合方法是原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)(atom transfer radical polymerization),如WO 96/30421所述。采用ATRP进行聚合或共聚的各种单体的例子可以从Chem.Rev.2001,101,2921中查到。用ATRP制备的线性高聚物作为分散剂的用途描述于WO 00/40630和WO 01/44389中。
尽管分散剂取得这些新进展,但仍然迫切需要改进的分散剂。
因此,本发明的一个目的是寻找一种提供更好的分散体的方法,该方法尤其可获得低发泡特性的分散体,这一点特别是在涂料组合物中不会导致形成任何瑕疵,同时具有高光泽、高透明度、不易混浊的特征。
发明内容
令人惊讶地发现,上述发明目的可以通过使用如下的梯度共聚物作为分散剂实现,所述的梯度共聚物是采用一种非聚合单官能引发剂通过活性控制聚合烯键式不饱和单体获得的并且沿着聚合物链具有从亲水性到疏水性的过渡,通过:
a)向反应中的单体(II)中连续供入一种单体(I)或
b)向反应器中按不同的速率连续供入一种单体(I)和一种单体(II),且单体(I)或单体(II)引入梯度共聚物基团中,这些基团为原样或这些基团经过梯度共聚物与需分散的一种或多种固体相互作用而进一步化学反应后,而另一单体引入与液体或固体分散介质相容的梯度共聚物基团中,一方面单体(I)或单体(I)经进一步化学反应的产物,或者另一方面单体(II)或单体(II)经进一步化学反应的产物呈疏水性,而另一单体和另一单体经进一步化学反应的产物在各种情况下呈亲水性,亲水性和疏水性定义如下:
亲水性是指溶解参数大于或等于22J1/2/cm3/2,疏水性是指溶解参数小于22J1/2/cm3/2,术语“单体(I)”和“单体(II)”分别包括单体(I)的混合物,单体(II)的混合物。
溶解参数的计算方法(Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen渐增法)和实验测定值在如下文献中阐明,如US 6362274 B1、J.Applied Polym.Sci.2000,78,639,和下述专论:D.W.Van Krevelen,“Properties of polymers.Their correlation with chemicalstructure;their numerical estimation and prediction from additive groupcontributions”,第三版,Elsevier,1990,第189-225页。
溶解参数适用于仅仅是由单体(I),单体(I)的混合物或这些单体进一步化学反应的产物中产生的假定聚合物,或者仅仅是由单体(II),单体(II)的混合物或这些单体进一步化学反应的产物中产生的假定聚合物。
术语“这些单体进一步化学反应的产物”是指经一步或多步进一步化学反应生成的、并引入聚合物的单体。例如,作为甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯反应产物的引入聚合物的甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯作为单体发生聚合然后水解生成所需的甲基丙烯酸。这种情况下,所用的溶解参数是甲基丙烯酸的溶解参数而不是甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯的溶解参数。
这些沿着聚合物链具有从亲水性到疏水性过渡的分散剂的分散特征比无规共聚物和嵌段共聚物优异。与基于嵌段共聚物并具有亲水性和疏水性的分散剂比较,具有梯度结构的分散剂具有更低的泡沫稳定作用。由于在分散设备中任何泡沫减少了研磨基料的体积,从而减少生产能力,因此分散剂部分的低泡沫稳定性是特别要求的。
梯度共聚物是包括如两单体A和B的共聚物,梯度共聚物单独的链上沿着链存在单体单元的分布梯度。在链的一端富含A单元,在链的另一端富含B单元。这些聚合物是通过活性控制聚合方法制备的。活性控制聚合方法如下:
1)用黄原酸酯作为聚合反应调节剂控制自由基聚合反应,如WO 98/58974所述,
2)用二硫酯作为聚合反应调节剂控制自由基聚合反应,如WO 98/01478所述,
3)用二硫代氨基甲酸酯作为聚合反应调节剂控制自由基聚合反应,如WO99/31144所述,
4)用硝酰基(nitroxyl)化合物作为聚合反应调节剂(NMP)控制聚合反应,如Chem.Rev.2001,101,3661所述,
5)采用四苯基乙烷控制自由基聚合反应,如Macromol.Symp.1996,111,63所述,
6)用1,1-二苯乙烯作为聚合反应调节剂控制自由基聚合反应,如MacromolecularRapid Communications,2001,22,700所述,
7)原子转移自由基聚合反应(ATRP),如WO 96/30421所述,
8)用引发转移终止剂控制自由基聚合反应,如Makromo1.Chem.Rapid.Commun.1982,3,127所述,
9)基团转移聚合反应(GTP),如O.W.Webster在聚合科学和工程的百科全书,第七卷,H.F.Mark,N.M.Bikales,C.G.Overberger和G.Menges,eds.,WileyInterscience,New York 1987,第580页所述,
10)用有机钴配合物控制自由基聚合反应,如J.Am.Chem.Soc.1994,116,7973。
聚合方法1)-3)是指下列RAFT聚合反应。
梯度共聚物的制备实例如WO/9718247和J.Phys.Org.Chem.2000,13,775所述。所述的两种制备方法如下:
1)开始引入所有单体,利用单体的不同的共聚参数,沿着聚合物链方向形成梯度。
2)在反应时,将一种单体连续供入另一单体,或者两种单体按照两种不同的加料速度连续通入,从而沿着聚合物链方向形成梯度。
方法2)是可以制备本发明中使用的、具有梯度共聚物结构的分散剂的方法。通过选择单体的加料速度可以控制梯度从而对该梯度共聚物作出更多不同的设计,以便适应沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性来满足特殊要求。
梯度必需是:链的一端是疏水性的,而另一端是亲水性的。可以用亲水链端和疏水链端之间不同溶解参数和沿着聚合物链不同单体的分布来评估梯度的斜率。
如上所述,梯度共聚物与嵌段共聚物的区别是在单体A和B之间存在流体过渡(fluid transition)。嵌段共聚物的聚合物链上,在单体之间存在急剧的过渡,该过渡被定义为各嵌段之间的分界线。可采用不同的路径制备嵌段共聚物。在制备AB嵌段共聚物时,例如先聚合单体A,然后,单体B稍后加入。除了这种向反应器中分批加入外,在连续加入过程中的某些时刻突然改变两种单体的组成也可以获得同样的结果。
因此,本发明提供了梯度共聚物作为分散剂的用途,所述梯度共聚物是用非聚合单官能引发剂对烯键式不饱和单体进行活性控制聚合获得的,并且沿着聚合物链有从亲水性过渡到疏水性,通过
a)向反应中的单体(II)中连续供入一种单体(I)或
b)向反应器中按不同速率连续供入一种单体(I)和一种单体(II),同时单体(I)或单体(II)被引入梯度共聚物基团中,这些基团为原样或这些基团经梯度共聚物与一种或多种所要分散固体相互作用而进一步化学反应后,而另一单体引入与液体或固体分散介质相容的梯度共聚物基团中,一方面单体(I)或单体(I)经进一步化学反应的产物,或者另一方面单体(II)或单体(II)经进一步化学反应的产物具有疏水性,而各种情况下的另一单体和另一单体经进一步化学反应的产物则具有亲水性,亲水性和疏水性定义如下:
亲水性是指溶解参数大于或等于22J1/2/cm3/2,
疏水性是溶解参数小于22J1/2/cm3/2,
术语“单体(I)”和“单体(II)”分别包括单体(I)的混合物,单体(II)的混合物。
用于该目的的非聚合单官能引发剂使聚合物链只有一个生长方向。本领域普通技术人员可知适用于相应活性控制聚合方法的单官能引发剂。
用于原子转移自由基聚合反应的单官能引发剂举例如下:
含1-10个碳原子的卤代烷烃类,如四溴化碳和1,1,1-三氯乙烷;
含2-10个碳原子的卤代醇类,如2,2,2-三氯乙醇;
含2-20个碳原子的2-卤代羧酸及其羧酸酯类,如氯乙酸、2-溴丙酸、2-溴丙酸甲酯、2-氯丙酸甲酯、2-溴异丁酸乙酯和2-氯异丁酸乙酯;
含2-10个碳原子的2-卤代腈类,如2-氯乙腈和2-溴丙腈;
含2-10个碳原子的链烷磺酰氯类和芳烃磺酰氯类,如甲磺酰氯和苯磺酰氯;和
含7-20个碳原子的1-芳基-1-卤代烷烃类,如氯化苄、溴化苄和1-溴-1-苯乙烷。
在聚合技术1)-4),6)和10)中,使用的引发剂举例如下:
偶氮类引发剂如偶氮二异丁腈;
过氧化物,如过氧化二苯甲酰和过氧化二枯基;
和过硫酸盐,如过氧化二硫酸钾。
此外,现有技术中一些聚合反应方法使用引发剂与聚合反应调节剂的加合物,如NMP中使用烷氧基胺类。如Chem.Rev.2001,101,3661“V.Approaches toalkoxyamines”所述。
在GTP中,引发剂包括甲硅烷基乙烯酮缩二乙醇,如[(1-甲氧基-2-甲基1-丙烯基)氧]三甲基硅烷。更多的例子可见US 4822859,US 4780554和EP0184692B1。
根据本发明,作为分散剂使用的梯度共聚物的数均分子量Mn为2000~20000克/摩尔。
如WO 97/28200所述,疏水和亲水单体的分类如下:
亲水单体具有大于或等于22J1/2/cm3/2的溶解参数。疏水单体具有小于22J1/2/cm3/2的溶解参数。
根据分散剂的应用,任何烯键式不饱和单体和这些单体经进一步化学反应的产物在理论上均可以用作单体A或单体B,单体A疏水,单体B亲水,或者单体A亲水,单体B疏水。如在极性介质中,疏水单体作为单体A,亲水单体作为单体B。含水体系中的分散剂含有的亲水单体作为单体A,疏水单体作为单体B,它们与固体附着。
烯键式不饱和单体举例如下,所述的“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”包含丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯:
含有1-22个碳原子的直链、支链或环脂肪族醇的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯类,如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-乙基已酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十八烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸环己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸异冰片酯和(甲基)丙烯酸叔丁酯;
(甲基)丙烯酸芳酯类,如甲基丙烯酸苄酯或丙烯酸苯酯,未取代的或取代次数最高达四次的芳基自由基,如甲基丙烯酸-4-硝基苯酯;
丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,马来酸及其盐;
酸酐类,如马来酐;
含有2-36个碳原子的直链、支链或环脂肪族二醇的(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯类,如甲基丙烯酸-3-羟丙酯、单甲基丙烯酸-3,4-二羟基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-4-羟丁酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯,和单甲基丙烯酸-2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二醇酯;
含有5-80个碳原子的醚类,聚乙二醇类,聚丙二醇类或混合聚乙烯/丙二醇的单(甲基)丙烯酸酯类,如甲基丙烯酸四氢糠酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-1-丁氧基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸环己氧基甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸苄氧基甲酯、甲基丙烯酸糠酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-丁氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙氧基甲酯、甲基丙烯酸-1-乙氧基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸-1-乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙氧基甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸聚乙二醇甲醚和(甲基)丙烯酸聚丙二醇甲醚。
用己内酯和/或戊内酯改性的具有平均分子量Mn为220~1200的(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯类,优选从含有2-8个碳原子的直链、支链或环脂肪族二醇得到的(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯类,
(甲基)丙烯酸氨基烷基酯类,如(甲基)丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯,甲基丙烯酸-2-三甲基胺乙基甲酯氯化物和(甲基)丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基丙酯;
卤代醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯类,如含有6-20个碳原子的全氟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯类;
(甲基)丙烯酸环氧烷基酯类,如甲基丙烯酸-2,3-环氧丁酯,甲基丙烯酸-3,4-环氧丁酯和(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯;
苯乙烯和取代苯乙烯类,如4-甲基苯乙烯,4-乙烯基苯甲酸和4-乙烯基苯磺酸钠;
甲基丙烯腈和丙烯腈;
烯属不饱和杂环类,如4-乙烯基吡啶和1-[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基]-2-咪唑啉酮;
包含磷酸的单体,如三丙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯磷酸盐;
烯属不饱和磺酸和硫酸酯及其盐,如[3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基]磺酸钾和[2-(异丁烯酰氧基)乙基]硫酸铵;
含有1-20个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯类,如乙酸乙烯酯;
含有1-22个碳原子的直链、支链或环脂族烷基的顺丁烯二酰亚胺,N-苯基顺丁烯二酰亚胺和N-取代的顺丁烯二酰亚胺类,如N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺和N-辛基顺丁烯二酰亚胺;
(甲基)丙烯酰胺;
含有1-22个碳原子的直链、支链或环脂族烷基的N-烷基-和N,N-二烷基取代的丙烯酰胺类,如N-(叔丁基)丙烯酰胺和N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺;
含甲硅烷基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯类,如(甲基)丙烯酸三甲基甲硅烷酯和甲基丙烯酸-3-(三甲基甲硅烷基)丙酯;
为了制备沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性的梯度共聚物,例如单体A或单体B可以与实现聚合反应所需要的其它成分如单官能的引发剂和催化剂或聚合反应的调节剂一起加入,相应的其它单体可以按恒定的比例计量加入。单体A和B可以是不同单体的混合物,也可以进一步包含溶剂。ATRP的催化剂例如可以是带有诸如2,2′-联吡啶或N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二乙烯基三胺的氮原子配体的氯化铜配合物或溴化铜配合物,ATRP的催化剂也可以用金属铜,配体和引发剂就地合成。其它催化剂列于Chem.Rev.2001,101,2921。
所用的GTP催化剂包括氟化物,如US 4659782所述,和含氧阴离子,如US4588795所述。
一种优选的GTP催化剂是间氯苯甲酸四丁铵。对聚合反应工艺1)-6)而言,8)和10)中的聚合反应调节剂列于所引用的文献中,如NMP的调节剂是2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧基(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidineoxyl)(TEMPO)或N-叔丁基-N-[1-二乙基膦酰基(2,2-二甲基-丙基)]硝酰基,聚合反应工艺6)的调节剂是1,1-二苯乙烯,如RAFT的调节剂是硫代羧酸酯类或黄原酸酯类。
制备沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性的梯度共聚物的另一适合方法是向反应器中按照不同的比例分别通入单体A和单体B,其中含有溶剂和实现聚合反应所需的其它组分。在这种情况下,两种单体——单体A和单体B——均可以是不同单体的混合物,它们还可以包括溶剂。单体B的用量优选为聚合物重量的10~50%。
加料速度取决于聚合速率。优选进行选择以便在向初始料中包含的单体中添加第二单体的末期或者在以较慢加料速度加入单体的末期,预先加入或以较快加料速度加入反应器的第一单体已经被消耗。
根据聚合反应方法,本领域的普通技术人员可以选择适合的反应条件的单体和溶剂。
当聚合反应发生后,聚合物可以在类聚合反应(polymer-analogous reaction)中改性,例如以形成附着基团。
可以使聚合物中的酸性官能团如羧酸和磷酸酯例如与碱发生反应。
碱的实例如:
胺类,如二甲氨基乙醇,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,2-(二甲氨基)丙-1-醇,三乙胺,丁胺和二丁胺,
含有1-3个基团的金属氢氧化物,氧化物,碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐,如氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,氢氧化铝和碳酸氢钠;
和含氮的杂环化合物,如咪唑。
如US 6111054所述,也可以采用羧酸,磺酸或磷酸及其酯形成与聚合物连接的胺盐。
例如胺可以在烷化反应中与苄氯进一步转变为季铵盐。叔胺可与氧、过氧化物如过羧酸和与过氧化氢反应转变为胺氧化物,胺氧化物还可以与酸如盐酸反应转变为盐。
聚合物中的环氧乙烷结构能与诸如4-硝基苯甲酸,胺类如乙醇胺或二丁胺,或多磷酸类的亲核试剂反应。聚合物中的羟基官能团与多磷酸反应形成磷酸酯,或者与内酯如ε-己内酯反应形成聚酯。
沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性的梯度共聚物基分散剂可以按照现有的分散剂技术使用。含有这些分散剂的颜料分散体可用于多种用途,如适宜的话在有粘合剂和常用涂料助剂存在的有机溶剂和/或水中分散固体,或者在热塑性聚合中分散固体。
如它们可以用于制备着色涂料组合物,如油漆,浆料和/或模塑料。如这些分散剂可以制备颜料油漆,在这种情况下,混合油漆粘合剂和/或溶剂以及固体,即颜料、填料(如果需要)和常用助剂。此处的油漆粘合剂是大分子物质或者是能导致膜形成的大分子的前体。合适的涂料包括如2组分反应性涂料,风干涂料,吸湿固化涂料,酸固化涂料,辐射固化涂料,乳状油漆或烘烤瓷釉。可以提到的例子包括乙烯基酯树脂类、醇酸树脂类、聚酯树脂类、聚氨酯树脂类、不饱和聚酯树脂类、聚酯/聚异氰酸酯混合物、丙烯酸树脂类、环氧树脂类、环氧树脂酯类、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂类、苯酚-甲醛树脂类、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺类、聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、氯化橡胶、环化橡胶、硅氧烷聚合物、脲-甲醛树脂类、氯乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯聚合物,聚丁二烯类等,及上述物质的混合物。另外,在粘合剂中,交联单体也可能具有两个非共轭烯键式不饱和双键。有关例子是:二乙烯基苯,烷撑二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯类,如乙二醇二丙烯酸酯,1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,1,2-丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,和(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯,马来酸二烯丙酯,三烯丙基氰尿酸或三烯丙基异氰尿酸。
本发明进一步提供一种在制备颜料模塑料或填充其它固体颗粒的模塑料和被涂覆在基体上的涂料、或应用于基体上然后烘烤或固化或交联的颜料油漆中上述梯度共聚物作为分散剂的用途。分散剂可以单独使用或与无官能附着的粘合剂一起使用。在使用聚烯烃的情况下,使用蜡作为载体材料与分散剂一起使用更有利。
上述梯度共聚物作为分散剂使用的发明用途也在于制备用分散剂涂覆的可分散颜料。该颜料的涂覆通过常规方式实现,如EP-A-0270126所述。
颜料分散体用途的例子参见WO 00/40630,第3页第15~30行。
分散剂可用于分散有机颜料,如偶氮和重氮缩合物和它们的金属配合物,如酞菁类,喹吖酮类,吲哚类,硫代吲哚类,花类,蒽醌类,蒽嘧啶类,二酮基一吡咯并吡咯类和咔唑类。颜料进一步的例子见W.Herbst和K.Hunger的专论,“Industrial Organic Pigments”,1997,Wiley VCH,ISBN:3-527-28836-8。
另外,也可以分散无机颜料和其它固体,如铝,铁(III)氧化物,铬(III)氧化物,二氧化钛,二氧化锆,氧化锌,硫化锌,磷酸锌,硫化钼,硫化镉,碳黑,石墨,钒酸铋,铬酸铅,钼酸铅,金红石,碳酸钙,氢氧化镁,玻璃纤维或硅酸盐。
单体B的选择可根据被分散的颜料或固体进行,不同的情况下可以有所不同。同样,单体A的选择应该与液体或固体介质相匹配:如单体A的极性与粘合剂、树脂或热塑性聚合物以及使用的溶剂的极性相匹配是有利的。
具体实施方式
制备实例
聚合物的制备:
制备的聚合物、产量和加料速度一并汇入表1和2。
通过ATRP方法制备梯度聚合物P1-P15的一般过程:
在带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器和氮气进气管的玻璃烧瓶中,将单体1和2与苯磺酰氯BSCI、1克2,2′-联吡啶和400毫克铜粉在25ml PMA(乙酸甲氧丙酯)中的混合液在N2气氛中加热到100℃。当反应开始时,含X克PMA的单体3以恒定的加料速度X滴加。单体3滴加完毕后,继续反应5分钟,通入空气终止反应。接着反应混合物用100克PMA稀释,稀释液用硅胶过滤以便分离出杂质。挥发性组分随后通过蒸馏除去。平均分子量用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为对照标准通过凝胶渗透色谱测定。
摩通过ATRP方法制备AB嵌段共聚物P16-P20的一般过程:
在带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器和氮气进气管的玻璃烧瓶中,将单体1、3.3ml BSCI、1克2,2′-联吡啶和400毫克铜粉在25ml PMA中的混合液在N2气氛中加热到100℃。在用1H-NMR核磁共振测得转化率至少为98%后,含单体3的123克PMA经1分钟加入,聚合反应到转化率至少为98%。通入空气终止反应。反应混合物用100克PMA稀释后,稀释液用硅胶过滤以便分离出杂质。挥发性组分随后通过蒸馏除去。平均分子量用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为对照标准通过凝胶渗透色谱测定。
无规共聚物P21的制备:
在带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝器和氮气进气管的玻璃烧瓶中,在135℃N2气氛下,通入148克PMA,并以0.6ml/min的加料速度滴加单体1、单体3和3.4克Trigonox C的混合物。加料结束后进一步在135℃保温2小时,通过蒸馏除去挥发性组分。平均分子量用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为对照标准通过凝胶渗透色谱测定。
分散剂的制备:
制备的分散剂列于表3。
用聚合物1-P7,P16和P21制备分散剂D1-D9:
在100℃下,使168克聚合物P1,P2,P5-7,P16和P21,158克P3或180克P4分别与52克苄氯在150克PMA和150克丁基乙二醇(BG)中的混合物反应2小时,然后产物用1∶1的PMA和丁基乙二醇混合物稀释到固含量为40%。
用聚合物P1,P2,P15,P16和P20制备分散剂D10-D14:
聚合物P用PM稀释到固含量为40%。
用聚合物P8,P9和P17制备分散剂D15-D17:
在90℃下,使聚合物P与相对于聚合物中叔丁基数量摩尔过量5倍的浓度为32%强盐酸水溶液和200毫升噁烷反应4小时。聚合物水中沉淀,干燥,用1∶1的水和丁基乙二醇混合物,16克三乙醇胺稀释到固含量为40%。
用聚合物P10,P11和P18制备分散剂D18-D20:
在110℃下,使聚合物P与55克4-硝基苯甲酸和1克乙基三苯基膦碘化物在250克PMA中反应8小时,然后调节到固含量为40%。
用聚合物P12~P14和P19制备分散剂D21-D24:
在50℃下,按比例将33克多磷酸或66克多磷酸(针对P14)加入到在200克PMA的聚合物P中,这些化合物在80℃下反应3小时。然后,调节溶液到固含量为40%。
表1 ATRP法制备得到的梯度共聚物
聚合物 BSCI 单体1 单体2 | 单体3 PMA | 加料速率 | Mn Mw/Mn |
P1 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P2 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P3 3.3ml BMA 71克 MMA 22克P4 3.3ml BMA 71克 EHMA 44克P5 6.6ml BMA 103克 - -P6 3.3ml BMA 206克 - -P7 3.3ml BMA 309克 - -P8 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P9 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P10 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P11 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P12 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P13 3.3ml BMA 103克 - -P14 3.3ml BMA 206克 - -P15 3.3ml BMA 103克 - - | DMAEMA 65克 123克DMAEMA 65克 123克DMAEMA 65克 123克DMAEMA 65克 123克DMAEMA 65克 123克DMAEMA 130克 246克DMAEMA 195克 369克t-BMA 60 123克t-BMA 60克 123克GMA 59克 123克GMA 59克 123克HEMA 54克 123克HEMA 54克 123克HEMA 108克 246克MIMI 82克 123克 | 0.8ml/min1.6ml/min1.6ml/min0.8ml/min1.6ml/min1.6ml/min1.6ml/min0.8ml/min1.6ml/min0.8ml/min1.6ml/min0.8ml/min1.6ml/min1.6ml/min1.6ml/min | 6700 1.359210 1.276440 1.267400 1.283240 1.3414230 1.2720540 1.266910 1.296890 1.266960 1.347290 1.386780 1.306970 1.2812450 1.296720 1.25 |
BSCI=苯磺酰氯,BMA=甲基丙烯酸正丁酯,MMA=甲基丙烯酸甲酯,
EHMA=甲基丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯,DMAEMA=甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨乙酯,
t-BMA=甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯,GMA=甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,HEMA=甲基丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯,
MIMI=1-[2-(异丁烯酰氧)乙基]-2-咪唑啉酮
表2 制备的嵌段共聚物和无规共聚物P21
聚合物 BSCI 单体1 单体2 | 单体3 | Mn Mw/Mn |
P16 3.3ml BMA 103克P17 3.3ml BMA 103克P18 3.3ml BMA 103克P19 3.3ml BMA 103克P20 3.3ml BMA 103克P21 BMA 103克 | DMAEMA 65克t-BMA 60克GMA 59克HEMA 54克MIMI 82克DMAEMA 65克 | 6781 1.267590 1.327130 1.277030 1.275560 1.509200 2.49 |
表3 聚合物P1-P21的反应产物或稀释液
分散剂 | 聚合物 | 聚合物结构 | 反应 | 溶剂 |
D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D10D11D12D13D14D15D16D17D18D19D20D21D22D23D24 | P21P16P1P2P3P4P5P6P7P16P1P2P20P15P17P8P9P18P10P11P19P12P13P14 | 无规共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物嵌段共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物梯度共聚物 | 与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯与苄氯酸解酸解酸解与对硝基苯甲酸与对硝基苯甲酸与对硝基苯甲酸与多磷酸与多磷酸与多磷酸与多硝酸 | PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMA/BG,50∶50PMAPMAPMAPMAPMABG/水, 50∶50BG/水, 50∶50BG/水, 50∶50PMAPMAPMAPMAPMAPMAPMA |
用分散剂配制油漆:
泡沫试验的性能:
40克油漆用Pendraulik公司的溶解器在1895rpm的转速下搅拌1分钟起泡,立即倾倒出,干燥后,根据如下等级评定泡沫:1-5(1=无泡沫;5=很多泡沫)
用ByK Gardner公司的“Haze-Gloss”测试仪器来测定光泽和浑浊度。透明度和斑点的形成用视觉目测评估。等级分为1-5(1=无斑点或透明的;5=很多斑点或不透明的)
D1-D9,D13和D14:气黑FW 200,酸性碳黑型,厂商:Degussa
磨细的浆料:
Dynapol H703(在二甲苯中浓度65%) 49.00克
分散剂D 14.00克
颜料 8.00克
乙酸丁酯
29.00克
100.00克
分散:在40℃10000rpm的转速下分散60分钟,Dispermat CV
配制料:
Dynapol H703(在二甲苯中深度65%) 34.70克
CAB 381-2 42.60克
(在2∶1的乙酸丁酯/二甲苯中浓度为15%)
Maprenal MF 650 20.90克
(在异丁醇中浓度为55%)
BYK306
1.80克
100.00克
配制:
磨细的浆料 13.20克
配制料 36.30克
乙酸丁酯
50.00克
100.00克
摇晃10分钟
干燥:室温下干燥10分钟,然后在140℃干燥30分钟。
油漆薄膜的评估:
光泽R20 | 浑浊度 | 透明度 | 胶体斑点 | 泡沫 | |
D1 | 26 | 465 | 5 | 无 | 2 |
D2 | 93 | 39 | 2 | 有 | 5 |
D3 | 90 | 42 | 1 | 无 | 3-4 |
D4 | 88 | 29 | 1 | 无 | 3-4 |
D5 | 88 | 24 | 1 | 无 | 3-4 |
D6 | 102 | 32 | 2 | 无 | 3-4 |
D7 | 89 | 29 | 1 | 无 | 3-4 |
D8 | 86 | 34 | 1 | 无 | 3-4 |
D9 | 87 | 35 | 2 | 无 | 3-4 |
D13 | 47 | 349 | 1 | 无 | 4 |
D14 | 90 | 34 | 1 | 无 | 3 |
D10-D12:Irgazine DPPredBO,厂商:Ciba specialty Chemicals
磨细的浆料:
Paraloid DM55 30.00克
(在1∶1的二甲苯/PMA中浓度为60%)
PMA 16.40克
分散剂D 20.60克
颜料 33.00克
100.00克
分散:在40℃和10000rpm的转速下分散45分钟,Dispermat CV
配制料:
Polymac 57-5776(在PMA中浓度85%) 61.00克
Cymel 303 17.40克
PMA 8.10克
丁醇 2.80克
2-丁酮 2.60克
二甲苯 4.60克
ByK Cat450
3.50克
100.00克
配制:
30.3克浆料和69.3克配制料;
摇晃10分钟
干燥:室温下干燥10分钟,然后在140℃干燥30分钟。
油漆薄膜的评估:
光泽R20 | 浑浊度 | 透明度* | 斑点 | 泡沫 | |
D10 | 31 | 318 | 无 | 3 | |
D11 | 46 | 285 | 无 | 3 | |
D12 | 37 | 311 | 无 | 3 |
*不透明颜料,无法测定透明度
D15-D16:Sicotransred L2817,厂商:BASF
磨细的浆料:
PEG200 16.00克
蒸馏水 38.10克
分散剂D 15.00克
Byk024 0.40克
Byk019 0.50克
颜料
30.30克
100.00克
分散:在40℃和10000rpm的转速下分散45分钟,Dispermat CV
配制料:
Neocryl XK 97(在水中浓度42.5%) 95.00克
氨(调节pH值到9)
丁基二甘醇 2.30克
Acrysol RM8 0.50克
Borchigel L75N 1.00克
(在水中浓度50%)
Byk028 1.00克
Byk346
0.20克
100.00克
配制:
26.30克浆料和73.70克清漆;
摇晃10分钟
干燥:室温下。
油漆薄膜的评估:
光泽R20 | 浑浊度 | 透明度* | 斑点 | 泡沫高度 | |
D15 | 6 | 246 | 4 | 有 | 1.5cm |
D16 | 13 | 207 | 4 | 无 | 1.0cm |
*3克油漆在20克水中摇匀;1小时后评估泡沫高度。
D18-D20:Printx 200,碱性碳黑型,厂商:Degussa
磨细的浆料:
Dynapol H703 (在二甲苯中浓度65%) 49.00克
分散剂D 14.00克
颜料 8.00克
乙酸丁酯
29.00克
100.00克
分散:在40℃和10000rpm的转速下分散60分钟,Dispermat CV
配制料:
Dynapol H703(在二甲苯中浓度65%) 34.70克
CAB 381-2 42.60克
(在2∶1的乙酸丁酯/二甲苯中浓度为15%)
Maprenal MF 650 20.90克
(在2-丁醇中浓度为55%)
BYK306
1.80克
100.00克
配制:
磨细的浆料 13.20克
配制料 36.30克
乙酸丁酯
50.50克
100.00克
摇晃10分钟
干燥:室温下于燥10分钟,然后在140℃干燥30分钟。
油漆薄膜的评估:
光泽R20 | 浑浊度 | 透明度 | 斑点 | 泡沫 | |
D18 | 34 | 453 | 4 | 无 | 5* |
D19 | 45 | 402 | 4 | 无 | 1* |
D20 | 50 | 390 | 4 | 无 | 1* |
*评估磨细浆料的起泡情况
D21-D24:Sicotransred L2817,厂商:BASF
磨细的浆料:
Paraloid DM 55 33.00克
(在1∶1的二甲苯/PMA中浓度60%)
PMA 18.25克
分散剂D 18.75克
颜料
30.00克
100.00克
分散:在40℃和10000rpm的转速下分散45分钟,Dispermat CV
配制料:
Polymac 57-5776 61.00克
(在PMA中浓度85%)
Cymel303 17.40克
PMA 8.10克
丁醇 2.80克
2-丁酮 2.60克
二甲苯 4.60克
ByK Cat450
3.50克
100.00克
配制:
12浆料和88克清漆
摇晃10分钟
干燥:室温下干燥10分钟,然后在140℃干燥30分钟。
油漆薄膜的评估:
光泽R20 | 浑浊度 | 透明度 | 斑点 | 泡沫 | |
D21 | 29 | 535 | 5 | 无 | 5 |
D22 | 85 | 97 | 2 | 无 | 1 |
D23 | 89 | 65 | 2 | 无 | 1 |
D24 | 88 | 70 | 2 | 无 | 1 |
Dynapol H703: 饱和聚酯,粘合剂,Degussa
Maprenal MF650: 三聚氰胺树脂,粘合剂,Vianova
Paraloid DM55: 聚甲基丙烯酸酯,粘合剂,Rohm和Haas
Polymac 57-5776: 聚酯,粘合剂,McWhorter
Neocryl XK-97: 聚甲基丙烯酸酯,粘合剂,Neo-Resins
BykCat 450: 催化剂,Byk-Chemie
Byk019: 消泡剂,Byk-Chemie
Byk024: 消泡剂,Byk-Chemie
Byk028: 消泡剂,Byk-Chemie
Byk306: 流平添加剂,Byk-Chemie
Byk346: 硅酮表面活性剂,Byk-Chemie
Acrysol RM8: 增稠剂,Rohm和Haas
Borchigel L75N: 增稠剂,Borchers
Cymel 303: 三聚氰胺树脂,粘合剂,Cytec
PEG: 聚乙二醇
CAB: 乙酰丁酸纤维素
Claims (18)
1.梯度共聚物作为分散剂的用途,其是用非聚合单官能的引发剂通过活性控制聚合烯键式不饱和单体获得的,并且沿着聚合物链具有从亲水性到疏水性的过渡,通过
a)向反应中的单体(II)中连续供入一种单体(I)或
b)向反应器中按不同速率连续供入一种单体(I)和一种单体(II),
单体(I)或单体(II)被引入梯度共聚物基团中,这些基团为原样或经梯度共聚物与一种或多种所要分散的固体相互作用而进一步化学反应后,而另一单体引入与液体或固体分散介质相容的梯度共聚物基团中,一方面单体(I)或单体(I)经进一步化学反应的产物,或者另一方面单体(II)或单体(II)经进一步化学反应的产物呈疏水性,而另一单体和另一单体经进一步化学反应的产物在各种情况下呈亲水性,亲水性和疏水性定义如下:
亲水性是指溶解参数大于或等于22J1/2/cm3/2,
疏水性是指溶解参数小于22J1/2/cm3/2,
术语“单体(I)”和“单体(II)”分别包括单体(I)的混合物,单体(II)的混合物。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是原子转移自由基聚合反应。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是基团转移自由基聚合反应。
4.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是RAFT聚合反应。
5.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是用1,1-二苯乙烯进行的。
6.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是用硝酰化合物(NMP)进行的。
7.权利要求1的用途,其中所述的活性控制聚合是用有机钴配合物进行的。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的用途,其中所述的梯度共聚物具有的数均分子量Mn为2000~20000克/摩尔。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项所述的用途,其中所述的与一种或多种所要分散的固体互相作用的单体选自(甲基)丙烯酸氨基烷基酯类和1-[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基]-2-咪唑啉酮,该(甲基)丙烯酸氨基烷基酯中的胺官能团既能与酸转化成盐,也能与烷基化剂反应形成季铵基。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的用途,用于在有机溶剂和/或水中分散固体,必要时在粘合剂和常用涂料助剂的存在下。
11.权利要求10的用途,其中所述的固体是颜料和/或填料。
12.权利要求1-9中任一项的用途,用于制备涂料组合物,其中将粘合剂,一种或多种有机溶剂和/或水,颜料和/或填料,分散剂,必要时的常用助剂一起分散。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项的用途,其中所要分散的固体用梯度共聚物涂覆。
14.含有以梯度共聚物作为分散剂的涂料组合物、浆料和/或模塑料,所述梯度共聚物分散剂是用非聚合单官能的引发剂通过烯键式不饱和单体的活性控制聚合获得的,并且沿着聚合物链从亲水性过渡到疏水性,且通过
a)向反应中的单体(II)中连续供入一种单体(I)或
b)向反应器中按不同速率连续供入一种单体(I)和一种单体(II),
单体(I)或单体(II)被引入梯度共聚物基团中,这些基团为原样或这些基团经梯度共聚物与一种或多种所要分散的固体相互作用而进一步化学反应后,而另一单体引入与液体或固体分散介质相容的梯度共聚物基团中,一方面单体(I)或单体(I)经进一步化学反应的产物,或者另一方面单体(II)或单体(II)经进一步化学反应的产物呈疏水性,而另一单体和另一单体经进一步化学反应的产物在各种情况下呈亲水性,亲水性和疏水性定义如下:
亲水性是指溶解参数大于或等于22J1/2/cm3/2,
疏水性是指溶解参数小于22J1/2/cm3/2,
术语“单体(I)”和“单体(II)”分别包括单体(I)的混合物,单体(II)的混合物。
15.权利要求14所述的涂料组合物、浆料和/或模塑料,其中所述的梯度共聚物具有的数均分子量Mn为2000~20000克/摩尔。
16.权利要求14或15所述的涂料组合物、浆料和/或模塑料,其中含有一种或多种固体,有机溶剂和/或水,必要时在粘合剂和常用的涂料助剂存在下。
17.权利要求16所述的涂料组合物、浆料和/或模塑料,其中一种或多种固体为颜料和/或填料。
18.权利要求16或17所述的涂料组合物、浆料和/或模塑料,其中一种或多种固体用梯度共聚物涂覆。
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2002
- 2002-08-07 DE DE10236133A patent/DE10236133A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-07-11 TW TW092119040A patent/TW592794B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-18 CA CA002435516A patent/CA2435516A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-31 ES ES03017316T patent/ES2240896T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 DE DE50300553T patent/DE50300553D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 AT AT03017316T patent/ATE295871T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-31 EP EP03017316A patent/EP1416019B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-06 JP JP2003287916A patent/JP4938210B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-06 KR KR1020030054423A patent/KR100984561B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-08-07 CN CNB031586228A patent/CN1310975C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102177183A (zh) * | 2008-08-12 | 2011-09-07 | 阿肯马法国公司 | 用于合成可溶于碱性介质的两性梯度共聚物的方法 |
CN103205202A (zh) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-07-17 | 中山职业技术学院 | 一种表面张力梯度性变化的梯度功能涂料及其制备方法 |
CN109422845A (zh) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-05 | 北京师范大学 | 一种新型梯度共聚物的制备方法及得到的新型梯度共聚物 |
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TW592794B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
EP1416019B1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
ES2240896T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
KR20040014311A (ko) | 2004-02-14 |
ATE295871T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
JP2004066235A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
TW200402323A (en) | 2004-02-16 |
US20040143035A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
CA2435516A1 (en) | 2004-02-07 |
KR100984561B1 (ko) | 2010-10-01 |
EP1416019A1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
CN1310975C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
DE10236133A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
DE50300553D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
JP4938210B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
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