TW592794B - A dispersant, coating compositions, pastes and/or moulding compounds - Google Patents
A dispersant, coating compositions, pastes and/or moulding compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW592794B TW592794B TW092119040A TW92119040A TW592794B TW 592794 B TW592794 B TW 592794B TW 092119040 A TW092119040 A TW 092119040A TW 92119040 A TW92119040 A TW 92119040A TW 592794 B TW592794 B TW 592794B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- reaction
- item
- dispersant
- gradient copolymer
- Prior art date
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- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000028 Gradient copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 nitroxy compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropyl acetate Chemical compound COCCCOC(C)=O CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
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- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003270 Cymel® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003264 Maprenal® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC1=O WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005262 alkoxyamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- UXDCSXDWLVYCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methyloxiran-2-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC1OC1COC(=O)C(C)=C UXDCSXDWLVYCQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NACSMDAZDYUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 NACSMDAZDYUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBADLXQNJCMBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 YBADLXQNJCMBKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSOIPYJQRBVUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylhexyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCC(C)CCC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C YSOIPYJQRBVUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M (E)-Ferulic acid Natural products COC1=CC(\C=C\C([O-])=O)=CC=C1O KSEBMYQBYZTDHS-HWKANZROSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KGSFMPRFQVLGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triphenylethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KGSFMPRFQVLGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODCMOZLVFHHLMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)COCCO ODCMOZLVFHHLMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WIWZLDGSODDMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCC(OCC)OC(=O)C(C)=C WIWZLDGSODDMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIKBJYQCJJXCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C(=O)C=CC1=O KIKBJYQCJJXCBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GFLJTEHFZZNCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCOC(=O)C=C GFLJTEHFZZNCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
玖、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關使用沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換成疏 水性貝之轉換的梯度共聚物作為分散劑,特別是有以處理 色料及其它固體。本發·明進一步係有關於包含作為分散劑 之沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換成疏水性質之轉換的梯度 共聚物之塗覆組成物及模製化合物。 為使固體於液體或固體介質(例如,於塗覆材料、水 性色料分散液或模製化合物,其係例如熱固性及熱塑性之 聚合物)内發生均勻分散,及為使其安定,若適當的話,分 散液被添加作為輔助劑。為了此等目的,輔助劑需具有二 不同性質。首先,其需與固體表面進行交互作用,以促進 其濕化。此係藉由某些稱為附著基之化學基而達成。親水 性附著基之例子係三級胺、銨鹽、填酸酯、魏酸基及酿胺、 胺基甲酸酯或尿素結構。對於水性分散液,所用之附著基 可為疏水性結構,諸如,烧基、苯基結構及笨甲基結構, 例如,Adv. Mater. 1998, 10,m4中所述者。其次,分散劑 於分子内擁有能與介質高度相容之區域。對於有機介質, 此區域係,例如,疏水性結構,諸如,烷基或芳基結構。 對於水性介質,使用需由可溶於水之親水性結構製成,巧 如’轉化成其鹽形式之聚乙二醇或魏酸。構成可與液體咬 固體介質相容之分散劑之部份的單體於下被稱為,,單體 A”。載負與欲被分散之固體之表面進行交互作用之官能性 或附著基之單體於下被稱為,,賴B”。料官纽或附著基 亦可藉由於聚合反應後之化學反應產生。 所用之分散劑一般係以乙烯不飽和單體(諸如,甲基丙 烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯或苯乙烯)為主之聚合物。於傳統方式, 5此等聚合物係藉由自由基聚合反應獲得。於此一反應中, 其僅能於聚合物鏈内達成單體A及b之任意分佈。此等化合 物被描述於,例如,美國專利第5688858號案。 藉由發展受控制及活性聚合反應技術,可以簡單方式 產生結構聚合物。 10 藉由基轉換聚合反應(GTP),可例如製造以AB嵌段共 聚物為主之分散劑。其例子係描述於ΕΡ-Α-0 218 436、 ΕΡ-Α-0 329 873、ΕΡ-Α-0 518 225、ΕΡ-Α-0 323 181 及美國 專利第4925765號案。 可用以聚合大量單體之一聚合反應方法係原子轉換基 15 聚合反應(ATRP),其係描述於,例如,WO 96/30421。可 被用於使用ATRP聚合或共聚合之各種單體之例子係於 Chem· Rev. 2001, 101,2921中發現。使用藉由ATRP製得之 線性聚合物作為分散劑係描述於WO 00/40630及Wo 01/44389。雖然此新發展之分散劑,其仍持續急需改良式 20 分散劑。 【潑^明内溶1】 因此,本發明之一目的係發現一種提供較佳分散液之 手段,其特別能獲得僅具有低的形成發泡體之傾向的分散 液,其特別是於塗覆組成物中不會引起任何斑點之形成, 7 同時具有高光澤、良好透明性及極少之霧化傾向。 驚人地,已發現所述目的係經由使用可藉由使用朴聚 合之單官能性起始劑進行乙稀不飽和單體之活性受控制聚 合反應而獲得且沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換成疏水性質 之轉換的梯度共聚物作為分散劑且藉由下述而達成: a) 於反應下使一單體(I)連續提供至單體(π),或 b) 使一單體(I)及一單體(II)以不同速率連續提供至用 於反應之反應容器, 且單體(I)或單體(II)係以其本身或於梯度共聚物與欲 被分散之固體進一步化學反應後而引入梯度共聚物基内, 且其它單體引入可與液體或固體之分散介質相容之梯度共 聚物基内,且一方面,單體(1)或單體⑴之進一步化學反應 之產物,或另一方面,單體(π)或單體(11)之進一步化學反 應之產物,擁有疏水性質,且於每一情況之其它單體或於 每-情況之其它單體之進-步化學反應之產物擁有親水性 質,疏水及親水性質係定義如下: 親水性質係於溶解度參數大於或等於22 jW/cm3/2時存 在,且疏水性質係於溶解度參數少於22 j】%/2時存在, 且,’單體(1)”及,,單體(11)”等辭係包含於一方面之單體⑴及 於另一方面之單體(II)之混合物。 浴解度麥數之计异方法(H〇ftyzer-Van Krevelen增量方 法)及實驗決定數值係於美國專利第6362274 B1號案、J· Applied Polym· Sci. 2〇〇〇, 78, 639及於下列專文中闡述: D.W· van Krevelen,“聚合物性質,與化學結構之相關性; 其數值評算及自添加基助益之預測”,第3版,Elsevier, 1990,189-225 頁。 溶解度參數應用於僅自單體(I)、單體(I)之混合物或此 等單體之進一步化學反應之產物產生或僅自單體(Π)、單體 (11)之思合物或此等單體之進一步化學反應之產物產生之 假設聚合物。 此等單體之進一步化學反應之產物,,一辭係指被併納 於聚合物内且因一或更多之進一步化學反應而發生之單 體〇 〜例子係以曱基丙烯酸第三丁酯之反應產物使甲基 丙烯黾弓丨入聚合物内,其係以單體被聚合,且其後被水解 力又戶斤‘ ^奴之曱基丙烯酸。於此情況中,欲被使用之溶解度參 數係曱基丙烯酸者,且非甲基丙烯酸第三丁酯者。 、八2等沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換成疏水性質之轉換 Μ展現比無規共聚物及嵌段共聚物更佳之分散性 、、乂耿段共I物為主之具有親水性質及疏水性質之分 散劑相士 * 1 ^ 安定化,此等具有梯度結構之分散劑具有較少之發泡體 體=,作用。因為於分散設備内,任何發泡體降低色衆之 度發泡2而降低通過量,因此對於分散劑之此部份的低 奴安定化係為特別期望的。 其個聚物係由例如二單體ΑΑΒ所組成之共聚物,於 —端係I有二其寺鏈係具有單體單元分佈梯度。此鏈之 元。此等心:!單體,且於另一端係具有豐富之Β單 此等聚合Γ 活性之控制式聚合反應方法製造。 5反應之例子係: 1) 以黃原酸鹽作為聚合反應調節劑之控制式自由基聚 合反應,例如,W0 98/58974所述, 2) 以二硫基酯作為聚合反應調節劑之控制式自由基聚 合反應,例如,W0 98/01478所述, 5 3)以二硫基氨基甲酸酯作為聚合反應調節劑之控制式 自由基聚合反應,例如,WO 99/31144所述, 4) 以硝氧基化合物作為聚合反應調節劑(NMP)之控制 式聚合反應,例如,Chem. Rev. 2001,101,3661所述, 5) 以四苯基乙烷之控制式自由基聚合反應,例如, 10 Macromol· Symp· 1996, 111,63所述, 6) 以二苯基乙烯作為聚合反應調節劑之控制式自由基 聚合反應,例如,Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 2001,22, 700所述, 7) 原子轉換基聚合反應(ATRP),例如,WO 96/30421 15 所述, 8) 以引發轉移終止劑之控制式自由基聚合反應,例 如,Makromol· Chem. Rapid. Commun· 1982, 3, 127所述, 9) 基轉換聚合反應(GTP),例如,O.W· Webster於聚合 物科學及工程百科全書,第7冊,H.F. Mark. N.M· Bikales, 20 C.G· Overberger及G· Menges編輯,Wiley Interscience,New York 1987,第580頁及其下所述, 10) 以有機銘錯合物之控制式自由基聚合反應,例如, J· Am· Chem· Soc. 1994, 116, 7973所述0 聚合反應方法1)-3)於下被稱為RAFT聚合反應。 10 例如,WO/9718247及 梯度共聚物之製造實施例可於 J. 〇g· C/2㈣· 2000, 13, 775 中發頊。山一丄斗 7^現。此二方法於其内 被描述: υ所有單體係於起始時被狀,且藉由單體之不 同共聚合參數,梯度係沿聚合物鏈產生。态 2)藉由於反應期間使一單體連續供應至另一單體,或 藉由此二單體之二不同計量率,梯度可沿聚合物鍵產生。 方法2)係藉此使欲於本發明中使用之具梯度共聚物結 構之分散劑可被製造之方法。藉由藝單體之供應比例, 可使梯度受控制,且因而能更具區別地設計梯度共聚物, 以使沿聚合物鏈之從親水性轉換成疏水性之轉換符合特殊 要求。 梯度需使一鏈端部係疏水性且另一鏈端部係親水性。 為評估此梯度之斜率,其可使用親水性及疏水性鏈端部間 之〉谷解度參數之差異,及沿聚合物鏈之不同單體分佈。 梯度共聚物與嵌段共聚物係藉由如上所述之單體Α及 B間之流體轉換而劃定。嵌段共聚物於聚合物鏈内之單體間 具有突然之轉換,以個別嵌段間之邊界而界定。嵌段共聚 物之製造亦採用不同路徑。例如,於AB嵌段共聚物之製造 中,首先,單體A被聚合,然後,單體B以其後時間點添加。 除此批式添加至反應容器外,相似結果亦可藉由於其連續 添加期間之某一時間點突然改變此二單體之組成而達成。 因此,本發明提供使用作為分散劑之梯度共聚物,其 可藉由使用非聚合單官能性起始劑之乙烯不飽和單體之活 592794 性控制式聚合反應獲得且沿聚合物鏈擁有親水性質轉換至 疏水性質之轉換,其係藉由下述而獲得 a) 於反應下使一單體(I)連續提供至單體(π),或 b) 使-單體(I)及-單體(11)以不同速率連續提供至用 5 於反應之反應容器, 且單體(I)或單體(II)係以其本身或於梯度共聚物與欲 被分散之固體進-步化學反應後而引入梯度共聚物基内, 且其它單體引入可與液體或固體之分散介質相容之梯度共 聚物基内,且-方面,單體⑴或單體⑴之進一步化學反應 · 10之產物,或另一方面,單體(H)或單體(II)之進一步化學反 應之產物,擁有疏水性質,且於每一情況之其它單體或於 母-情況之其它單體之進一步化學反應之產物擁有親水性 質,疏水及親水性質係定義如下: 親水性質係於溶解度參數大於或等於a 了 1/2/^2時存 15在,且疏水性質係於溶解度參數少於22广2/^2時存在, 且,,單體⑴,,及,,單體(„),,等辭係包含於一方面之單體⑴及 於另一方面之單體(11)之混合物。 鲁 用於此目的之非聚合單官能性起始劑係僅以一生長方 2〇 2始聚合物鍵。用於個別之活性控制式聚合反應方法之 單S能性起始劑係熟習此項技藝者所知。 用於原子轉換基聚合反應之單官能性起始劑係,例如, 二有1至1G個兔原子之鹵基烧,諸如四漠化碳及】,】,卜三 氣乙燒; 、有2至1〇個碳原子之鹵基醇,諸如,2,2,2·三氯乙醇;
12 具有2至20個碳原子之2-鹵基羧酸及其酯,諸如,2_溴丙酸、 溴丙酸曱酯、2-氣丙酸甲酯、2_溴異丁酸乙酯及孓氯異丁 酸乙_ ; 具有2至1〇個碳原子之2-鹵基碳腈,諸如,2_氯乙腈及2一溴 丙腈; 具有2至1〇個碳原子之烷_及芳烴磺醯基氣化物,諸如,甲 燒磺醯基氣化物及苯磺醯基氣化物;及 具有7至20個碳原子之1·芳基-1-鹵基烷,諸如,笨曱基氣化 物、笨甲基溴化物及1-溴-丨_苯基乙烷。 對於聚合反應技術1 )-4)、6)及10),所用之起始劑係, 例如, 偶氮起始劑,諸如,偶氮二異丁腈, 過氧化物化合物,諸如,二苯醯基過氧化物及二枯基過氧 化物, 及過硫酸鹽,諸如,過氧二硫酸钟。 於某些聚合反應方法中使使用起始劑與聚合反應調 節劑之加成物係習知技藝,例如,用於NMP之烷氧基胺。 其例子係詳述於Chem. Rev. 2001,101,3661,,,V. Approaches to alkoxyamines(烧氧基胺之方法),,。 於GTP之情況中,起始劑包含矽烷基乙烯酮縮醛,諸 如,[(1-甲氧基-2-甲基-2·丙烯基)氧基]-三甲基甲矽烷。進 一步之例子可於美國專利第4822859號案、美國專利第 4780554號案及EP 0184692 B1 案。 依據本發明之作為分散劑之梯度共聚物較佳係具有 592794 2000至20000克/莫耳之數平均分子量Mn。 如WO 97/28200案所述,疏水性及親水性之單體係分 類如下: 親水性單體擁有大於或等於22广2/咖3/2之溶解度參 5數。疏水性單體擁有少於22j"2/cm3/2之溶解度參數。又/ 依分散劑之應用而定’對任何乙烯不飽和單體及此等 單體之進-步化學反應之產物主要係可作為單體錢8,單 體A係疏水性且單體B係親水性,或單體八係親水性且單體B 係疏水性。例如,於極性介質中,疏水性單體被作為單體A, # 10且親水性單體作為單體B。用於水性系統之分散劑含有作為 單體A之親水性單體及作為單體b之疏水性單,其係被附著 至固體。 乙烯不飽和單體之例子係如下所示,”(曱基)丙稀酸 酯”一辭包含丙烯酸酯及曱基丙烯酸酯: 15 具有1至22個碳原子之直鏈、分支或環狀之脂族醇之 (曱基)丙烯酸烧基酯,諸如,(曱基)丙烯酸曱酯、(曱基)丙 稀酸乙酯、(甲基)丙稀酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙稀酸異丁酯、(曱 · 基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(曱基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂酯、(曱基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲 20 基)丙烯酸異冰片酯及(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯; (甲基)丙烯酸芳酯,諸如,(甲基)丙烯酸苯曱酯或丙烯 酸苯酯,芳基於每一情況中係未經取代或經取代最高達四 次,諸如,甲基丙烯酸4-硝基苯酯; 丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸及其鹽類; 14 592794 酐,諸如,馬來酸酐; 具有2至36個碳原子之直鏈、分支或環狀之脂族二醇 之甲基)丙烯酸羥基烷酯,諸如,甲基丙烯酸3-羥基丙酯、 單曱基丙稀酸3,4-二輕基丁酯、(甲基)丙稀酸2-輕基乙酯、 5 (甲基)丙烯酸4-羥基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯及單甲基 丙烯酸2,5-二甲基-1,6-己烷二醇酯; 具有5至80個碳原子之醚、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或混 合之聚乙二醇/聚丙二醇之單(甲基)丙烯酸酯,諸如,甲基 丙烯酸四氫两喃酯、甲基丙烯酸甲氧基乙氧基乙酉旨、甲基 10 丙烯酸1-丁氧基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸環己基氧基甲g旨、甲基 丙烯酸曱氧基甲氧基乙酯、曱基丙烯酸苯甲基氧基甲酯、 甲基丙烯酸K喃酯、曱基丙烯酸2-丁氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯 酸2-乙氧基乙酯、曱基丙稀酸稀丙基氧基甲酯、曱基丙稀 酸1-乙氧基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸1-乙氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙 15氧基曱®旨、聚(乙二醇)曱基&1(甲基)丙稀酸S旨,及聚(丙二醇) 甲基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯; 具有200至1200之平均分子量Μη之以己内酯-及/或戊 内酯-改質之(甲基)丙烯酸羥基-烷酯,羥基(甲基)丙烯酸酯 較佳係自具有2至8個碳原子之直鏈、分支或環脂族之二醇 20 衍生出; (甲基)丙烯酸胺基燒酯,諸如,(甲基)丙稀酸Ν,Ν-二甲 基胺基乙酯、曱基丙烯酸2-三甲基胺基乙基曱酯氯化物及 (甲基)丙烯酸Ν,Ν-二曱基胺基丙酯; 鹵化醇之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,諸如,具有6至20個碳原子 15 592794 之(甲基)丙稀酸全II烧酯; (曱基)丙烯酸噁烷酯,諸如,甲基丙烯酸2,3-環氧基丁 酯、甲基丙烯酸3,4-環氧基丁酯及(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油 酯; 5 苯乙烯及經取代之苯乙烯,諸如,4-甲基苯乙烯、4- 乙烯基苯曱酸及4-乙烯基苯磺酸鈉; 甲基丙烯腈及丙烯腈; 乙烯不飽和雜環,諸如,4-乙烯基呲啶及1-[2-(甲基丙 烯醯氧基)乙基]-2-咪唑啶酮; 10 含有磷酸之單體,諸如,三縮三丙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯 磷酸鹽; 乙烯不飽和磺酸及硫酸鹽與其鹽類,諸如,[3_(曱基 丙烯醯基氧基)丙基[磺酸鉀及(甲基丙烯醯基氧基)乙基] 硫酸銨; 15 具有1至20個碳原子之羧酸之乙烯基酯,諸如,乙酸 乙烯酯; 具有具1至22個碳原子之直鏈、分支或環脂族之烷基 的馬來醯亞胺、N-苯基馬來醯亞胺及N-取代之馬來醯亞 胺,諸如,N_乙基馬來醯亞胺及N-辛基馬來醯亞胺; 20 (甲基)丙烯基醯胺; 具有具1至22個碳原子之直鏈、分支或環脂族之烷基 之N-烷基及N,N-二烷基取代之丙烯基醯胺,諸如,N-(第三 丁基)丙烯基醯胺及N,N-二曱基丙烯基醯胺; 含甲矽烷基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,諸如,(甲基)丙烯酸三 16 甲基甲矽烧基酯及甲基丙烯酸3-(三曱基甲矽烧基)丙基酯。 為製造沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換成疏水性質之 轉換之梯度共聚物,單體A或單體B可與用以完成聚合反應 所需之其它組份(諸如,單官能性起始劑及催化劑或聚合反 5 應調節劑)一起被引入,且個別之其它單體可以固定速率計 量。單體A及B皆可為不同單體之混合物,且可進一步包含 溶劑。用於ATRP之催化劑係,例如,具氮配位體之氯化銅 錯合物或溪化銅錯合物,諸如,2,2、雙响。定或N,N,N,N,,,N,,-五曱基二伸乙基三胺,其亦可自銅金屬、配位體及起始劑 1〇 於原位產生。其它催化劑係列示於Chem. Rev. 2001,101, 2921。 對於GTP,所用之催化劑包含於美國專利第4659782 號案所述之氟化物及美國專利第4588795號案所述之氧陰 離子(oxyanion)。用於GTP之一較佳催化劑係間-氣苯甲酸四 15 丁基銨。對於聚合反應技術0-6)、8)及1〇),聚合反應調節 劑之例子係例示於引述之文獻中;對於NMP,此一調節劑 係2,2,6,6-四曱基哌啶氧基(TEMPO)或N-第三丁基-队⑴二 乙基膦醯基(2,2-二甲基-丙基)頌氧基;對於聚合反應技術 6,此一調節劑係1,卜二苯基乙烯;對於以八打,此等調節劑 20 係,例如,硫基羧酸酯或黃原酸鹽。
用以製造沿聚合物鏈具有親水性質轉換化疏水性質 之轉換的梯度共聚物之另一適合方法係以不同速率使單㉗ A及單體B個別施用至含有溶劑及用以完成聚合反應所需 之其它組份的反應容器。於此情況中,對於二單體-單體A 17 及單體亦可為不同單體之混合物,且其可 抑 一步包含溶 劑。單體B之量較佳係此聚合物之10-50重量0/〇。 计量速率係依聚合反應速率而定。較佳需使於第一抑 體添加至包含於起始注料内之單體終結時或於具較忤呀: 速率之單體添加終結時(其係起始被引入或以更快計量= 率供應至此反應)第一單體已被消耗而選擇。 依據水合反應方法,熟習此項技藝者所知之適去的反 應條件、單體及溶劑需被選擇。 當聚合反應已發生時,聚合物可於其後於聚合物相似 反應中改質,以便例如產生附著基。可使聚合物内之酸官 能物(諸如,羧酸及磷酸酯)與鹼反應。 4之例子係: 胺,諸如,二曱基胺基乙醇、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、2_(二 甲基胺基)丙-1-醇、三乙基胺、丁基胺及二丁基胺, 1 -3族金屬之氫氧化物、氧化物、碳酸鹽及碳酸氫鹽,諸如, 氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鋁及碳酸氫鈉; 及雜環氮化合物,諸如,味唾。 如美國專利第6111054號案所述,可使用羧酸、磺酸或 碌酸及其酯形成附著於聚合物之胺鹽。進一步可能性係, 例如’於與苯甲基氯化物之烷基化反應中使胺轉化成四級 錢鹽。三級胺可以氧、過氧化合物(諸如,過羧酸)及以過氧 化氫轉化成胺氧化物,其可另外以酸(諸如,氫氯酸)被轉化 成鹽形式。聚合物内之噁烷結構可與親核劑(諸如,4-硝基 笨甲酸)、胺(諸如,乙醇胺或二丁基胺)或聚磷酸反應。聚 592794 合物内之羥基官能性可與聚磷酸反應產生磷酸酯,或與内 酯(諸如,ε-己内酯)反應產生聚酯。 以於聚合鏈具有親水性質轉化成疏水性質之轉換的 梯度共聚物為主之分散劑可依據已知分散劑之技術狀態而 5被使用。包含此等分散劑之色料分散液可被用於多種應 用,例如,於黏著劑及慣用塗覆輔助劑存在中適當處用於 使固體分散於有機溶劑及/或水内,或用於使固體分散於熱 塑性聚合物内。例如,可用於例如製造著色之塗覆組成物, 諸如,漆料、糊料及/或模製化合物。此等分散劑可被用於, 10 例如,製造經著色之漆料,於此情況中,漆料黏著劑及/或 溶劑與固體(即,色料),及,若要的話,填料及慣用輔助劑 被混合。漆料黏著劑於此係對於膜形成有責任之巨分子物 質或巨分子成形劑。適當之塗覆材料包含,例如,2-組份 之反應性塗覆材料、空氣乾燥之塗覆材料、濕氣固化之塗 15 覆材料、酸固化之塗覆材料、輻射固化之塗覆材料、乳化 漆料或烘烤琺瑯。可被述及之例子包含乙烯基酯樹脂、醇 酸樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚胺基曱酸酯樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、 聚酯/聚異氰酸酯混合物、丙烯系樹脂、環氧樹脂、環氧樹 脂酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯聚合物、蜜胺-甲醛樹脂、齡_曱醛 20樹酯、聚曱基丙烯酸曱酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚醯胺、聚 苯乙烯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、 聚氣乙烯、氯偏氯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、氣化橡 膠、環橡膠、矽酮聚合物、尿素_甲醛樹脂、氯乙烯_乙酸乙 烯酯聚合物、聚丁二烯等,及前述物質之混合物。另外, 19 592794 於黏著劑中,對具有二非共軛乙烯不飽和鍵之交聯單體亦 可存在。其例子係二乙烯基苯、伸烷基二酵二(甲基)丙烯酸 醋,諸如,乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3_丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,2_ 丙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,及(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、馬來酸二 5烯丙酯、三烯丙基氰尿酸或三烯丙基異氰尿酸。 本發明進一步提供使用上述色料共聚物作為製造著 色模製化合物或以其它固體填充之模製化合物或於基材上 之著色塗覆物時之分散劑,著色之漆料被塗敷至基材,然 後’洪烤或固化或交聯。分散劑可單獨地或與不具有官能 10性附著之黏著劑一起被使用。於使用聚烯烴之情況中,可 有利地,例如,使用蠟作為與分散劑一起之載劑材料。 本發明之使用上述梯度共聚物作為分散劑亦在於製 造已以此分散劑塗覆之可分散色料。以此方式之色料塗覆 係以傳統方式完成,例如,於EP-A-0270126號案中所述。 15 使用色料分散液之進一步例子係發表於WO 00/40630號 案,第3頁,第15-30行。 分散劑可被用以分散有機色料,諸如,重氮縮合物及 其金屬錯合物,例如,g太菁、奎丫酮、吲深、噻吲深、二 萘嵌萘、蒽醌、蒽吡咪啶、二酮基吡咯并吡咯、及味哇。 20 色料之進一步例子可於W· Herbst及K· hunger之,,工業有機 色料’’,1997,Wiley-VCH,ISBN:3-527-28836-8之專文中發 現。 此外,可分散無機色料及其它固體,諸如,链、氧化 鐵(III)、氧化鉻(III)、二氧化鈦、二氧化錯、氧化辞、硫化 20 辞、磷酸辞、硫介知 和n 一 、,、&化鎘、碳黑、石墨、釩酸鉍、鉻 酸鉛、鉬酸鉛、金έττ 山办 土 h夂 心臨 4、<酸約'氫氧化鎮、玻璃纖維或 石夕酸鹽。 /早肢B之選擇係藉由欲被分散之色料或固體而指導, 且係依彼此情^不同。相同者被應驗單體
需與液體_之_目料:心編是使單體A 之極_黏者劑、樹脂或熱塑性聚合物之極性相符合 於所用溶劑相符合。 ^ 及 L實施方式】 10
製造實施例 聚合物之製造 製造之聚合物與數量及計量速率係綜述於第1及2表。 藉由ATRP製造梯度聚合物ρι_ρΐ5之一般程序: 、
於供以搜拌器、溫度計、迴流冷凝器及氮氣入〇管件 15之玻璃燒瓶内,於25毫升ΡΜΑ(乙酸甲氧基丙醋)内之單體1 及2、苯硫氣化物BSCI、丨克之2,2,_雙吡啶及4〇〇毫克之鋼粉 末於N2氛圍下加熱至100°c。當反應開始時,於乂克1>]^八内 之單體3以固定之計量速率X滴入。於單體3之供應終結及其 後之5分鐘反應時間後,反應藉由空氣進入而終結。以 20 *ipMA稀釋反應混合物後,於矽石凝膠上過濾,以便分 離掉雜質。揮發性組份其後係藉由蒸餾移除。平均分子量 係藉由凝膠滲透色譜術且使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作為比較 用之標準物而決定。 藉由ATRP製造AB嵌段共聚物P16-P20之一般程序 21 於供以攪拌器、溫度計、迴流A 尸 IL〜破為、及氮氣入口管件 之玻璃燒瓶内,於25毫升之PMA内之單體丨、33毫升之 題、1克之2,2,_雙如定及彻毫克之鋼粉末於N2氛圍内加 熱至峨。於轉化至少98%(藉由⑹败光譜術決定)後, 5於!23克之舰内之單體3則分鐘—添加並聚合至至少 98。/。之轉化率。反應藉由空氣之進人而終結。於以ι〇〇克 PMA稀釋反應混合物後’神錢膠 雜質。揮發性組份其後藉由蒸館移除。科分子== 凝膠滲透色譜術且使用聚甲基丙婦酸甲醋作為比較用之標 10 準物而決定。 無規共聚物P21之製造: 於供以攪拌器、溫度計、迴流冷凝器及氮氣入口管件 之玻璃燒瓶内’ 148克之PMA於135°C及於N2氛圍下被引 入’且單體1、單體3及2.4克之Trigonox C之混合物以0.6毫 15升/分鐘之計量速率滴入。於添加結束及另外於135°C時2小 時後後,揮發性組份藉由蒸餾移除。數平均分子量藉由凝膠 滲透色譜術且使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作為比較用之標準物 而決定。 分散劑之製造: 20 製造之分散劑係列示於第3表。 自聚合物P1-P7、P16及P21製造分散劑D1-D9 : 168克之每一聚合物PI、P2、P5-7、P16及P21、158克 之P3或180克之P4於100°C時與150克PMA内之52克之苯曱 基氣化物及150克之丁基二醇(BG)反應2小時,然後,產物 22 592794 以1:1之PMA及丁基二醇之混合物稀釋成4〇%之固體含量。 自聚合物PI、P2、P5、P16及P20製造分散劑D10-D14 : 聚合物P以PMA稀釋成40%之固體含量。 自聚合物P8、P9及P17製造分散劑D15-D17 : 5 聚合物P與相對於聚合物内之第三丁基數量之五倍莫 耳過量之32%強度之水性氫氯酸及200毫升之二。惡烧於9〇 °C時反應4小時。聚合物自水沈澱出,乾燥並以1:1之水與 丁基二醇之混合物,16克之三乙醇胺稀釋成40%之固體含 量。 鲁 10 自聚合物P10、P11及P18製造分散劑D18-D20 : 聚合物P與於250克之PMA内之55克之4-硝基苯甲駿 及1克之乙基三苯基鱗碘化物於ll〇°C反應8小時,且其後調 整至40%之固體含量。 自聚合物P12-P14及P19製造分散劑D21-D24 : 15 P14之33克之聚磷酸或66克之聚磷酸於50°C按份添加 至於200克之PMA内之聚合物P,且此等化合物於80°C反應3 小時。溶液其後被調整至40%之固體含量。 · 23
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592794 以分散劑組成之漆料: 發泡體測試之性能: 使用Pendraulik公司之溶解器使4〇克之漆料以丨895 φηι發泡i 分鐘,並立即倒出。乾燥後,發泡體以下列等級評估: W 1=無發泡體;5=許多發泡體) 光澤度及混濁度係使用Byk Gardner公司之”混濁-光澤”測量 儀器決定。斑點之透明度及形成係以視覺評估。此係使用丨至5等 級為之(1=無斑點或透明;5=許多斑點或不透明)。
〇1七9、013及014:氣黑卩\¥200、酸性碳黑型式,製造商:
Degussa 研磨糊料:
Dynapol H703 (65%,於二曱苯内) 49.00克 分散劑D 14.00克 色料 8.00克 乙酸丁酯 29.00克 100.00克 分散:於40°C及lOOOOrpm之DispermatCV進行60分鐘
配料: Dynapol H703 (65%,於 CAB 381-2 (15%,於2:1之乙酸丁酯 Maprenal MF 650 (55%,於異丁醇内) BYK306 甲苯内) 34.70克 42.60克 二甲苯内) 20.90 克 1.80^ 100.00 克 組成: 13.20克 36.30克 50.00 克 100.00 克 研磨糊料 配料: 乙酸丁酯 搖動10分鐘 27 592794 乾燥:於室溫中進行1()分鐘,然後於刚。c進行游鐘。 漆料膜之評估:
D10-D12 : Irgazine DPPredBO ^ : Ciba Specialty Chemicals 研磨糊料:
30.00 克 16.40 克 20.60 克 33.00 克 100.00克
Paraloid DM 55
(60%,於1:1之二甲苯/PMA内) PMA 分散劑D 色料 分散:於40°C及lOOOOrpm之DispermatCV進行45分鐘
配料:
Polymac 57-5776 (85%,於PMA内) 61.00克
Cymel 303 17.40克 ΡΜΑ 8·10 克 丁醇 2.80克 2-丁酮 2.60克 二甲苯 4.60克
Byk Cat 450 3.50 100.00 克 組成: 30.3克之糊料及69.3克之配料; 28 592794 搖動ίο分鐘 乾‘ ·於室溫中進行1()分鐘,然後於14〇 漆料膜之評估:
行30分鐘。 D15及D16 : SiCotransredL2817,製造商:Basf 研磨糊料: 16·〇〇 克 38.10 克 15.60 克 〇·40 克 〇·50 克 30.30 100.00 克
PEG 200 經蒸餾之1120 分散劑D Byk 024 Byk019 色料 分散:於40°C及lOOOOrpm之DispermatCV進行45分鐘 配料:
Neocryl XK 97 (42.5%,於水中) 95.00克
氨(調整pH值至9) 丁基二乙二醇 2.30克
Acrysol RM 8 0.50克
Borchigel L 75 N 1.00克 (50%,於水中)
Byk 028 1.00 克
Byk 346 0.20 100.00 克 組成·· 36.30克之糊料及73.70克之清漆; 搖動10分鐘 〇 4 29 乾燥:於室溫 漆料膜之評估:
製造商· Degussa 49.00 克 H.00 克 8.00 克 29.00 支 100.00 克 D18-D20 : Printex200,鹼性碳黑型式 研磨糊料:
Dynapol H703 (65%,於二曱苯内) 分散劑D 色料 乙酸丁酯 分散:於40°C及lOOOOrpm之DispermatCV進行60分鐘 配料:
Dynapol H703 (65%,於二 二曱苯内) 34.70 克 CAB 381-2 42·60 克 (15%,於2:1之乙酸丁酯/二曱苯内) Maprenal MF 650 (55%,於2-丁醇内) 20.90 克 BYK306 U〇克 100.00克 組成: 研磨糊料 13.20克 配料 36.30克 乙酸丁酯 50.50 克 100.00 克 搖動10分鐘 乾燥:於室溫中進行10分鐘’然後於140C進行30分鐘。 漆料膜之評估: 30 592794 光澤度R20 混濁度 透明度 斑點 發、; D18 34 453 4 無 5* D19 45 402 4 無 1* D20 50 390 4 無 ----- 1* *研磨糊料之發泡評估 D21-D24 : SicotransredL2817,製造商: 研磨糊料: 33.00 克 18.25 克 18.75 克 30.00 克 100.00克
Paraloid DM 55 (60%,於1:1之二甲苯/PMA内)
PMA 分散劑D 色料 分散:於40°C及100001]3111之〇丨5口6〇1^1:(^^進行45分鐘 配料: 61.00 克 Π.40 克 8·10 克 2.80 克 2.60 克 4.60 克 3J0 100.00 克
Polymac 57-5776(85%,於PMA内)
Cymel 303 PMA 丁醇 2-丁酮 二曱苯 Byk Cat 450 組成: 12克之糊料及88克之清漆; 搖動10分鐘 乾燥:於室溫中進行10分鐘,然後於140°C進行30分鐘。 31 592794 漆料膜之評估: 綠度R20 混濁度1 透明度 斑點 發泡體 D21 29 535 5 無 5 D22 85 97 2 無 1 D23 89 64 2 無 1 D24 88 70 2 無 1
DynapolH703 : 飽和聚醋’黏者劑,Degussa Maprenal MF 650 : 莖胺樹脂’黏者劑,Vianova Paraloid DM 55 : 聚甲基丙稀酸甲S旨,黏著劑,Rohm and Haas Polymac 57-5776 : 聚酯,黏著劑,McWhorter Neocryl XK-97 : 聚甲基丙稀酸甲酯,黏著劑,Neo-Resins BykCat450 ·· 催化劑,Byk-Chemie Byk019 : 消泡劑,Byk-Chemie Byk 024 : 消泡劑,Byk-Chemie Byk-028 : 消泡劑,Byk-Chemie Byk 306 : 勻化添加劑,Byk-Chemie Byk 346 : 石夕_表面活性劑,Byk_Chemie Acrysol RM 8 · 增稠劑,Rohm and Haas Borchigel L75N ·· 增稠劑,Borchers Cymel 303 · 蜜胺樹脂,黏著劑,Cytec PEG : 聚乙二醇 CAB : 纖維素乙醯基丁酯
【圖式簡單明;3 無 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 無 32
Claims (1)
- 592794 第092119040號專利申請案申請專利範圍修正本修正曰期:93年〇5月 拾、申請專利範圍: 1·一種分散劑,其包含梯度共聚物, 修正替換本 辛年jT月[0曰 該梯度共聚物係可藉由使 用非聚合之單s此性起始劑使乙烯不飽和單體進行活性控制 式聚合反應而獲得,且擁有沿該聚合物鏈之親水性質轉換成疏 5 水性質之轉換,其係藉由下述為之: a) 於反應下使一單體(I)連續地提供至單體(π),或 b) 使一單體(I)及一單體(11)以不同速率連續提供至用於反 應之反應容器, 且該單體(I)或該單體(II)係以其本身或於該梯度共聚物與 ίο 欲被分散之固體進一步化學反應後而引入該梯度共聚物基 内,且其它單體引入可與該液體或固體之分散介質相容之該梯 度共聚物基内,且一方面,該單體⑴或該單體⑴之進一步化學 反應之產物,或另一方面,該單體(II)或該單體(11)之進一步化 學反應之產物,擁有疏水性質,且於每一情況之該其它單體或 15 於每一情況之該其它單體之進一步化學反應之產物擁有親水 性質,該疏水及親水性質係定義如下: 親水性質係於溶解度參數大於或等於22 J1/2/cm3/2時存在,且疏 水性質係於溶解度參數少於22 J1/2/cm3/2時存在, 且”單體(I),,及,,單體(II),,等辭係包含於一方面之單體⑴及於另 20 一方面之單體(II)之混合物。 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係原子轉換基聚合反應。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係基轉換聚合反應。 33 592794 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係RAFT聚合反應。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係以1,1-二苯基乙烯進行。 5 6.如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係以硝氧基化合物(NMP)進行。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該活性控制式聚合反 應係以有機鈷錯合物進行。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該梯度共聚物擁有 10 2000至20000克/莫耳之數平均分子量Μη。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,該與欲被分散之該固 體進行交互作用之單體係選自其胺官能性已使用酸或與烷基 化試劑反應形成四級銨基而轉化成其鹽型式之(甲基)丙烯酸胺 基烷基酯及1-[2-(甲基丙烯醯基氧基)乙基]-2-咪唑啶酮所組成 15 之族群。 10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其中,於黏著劑及慣用之 塗覆輔助劑存在中適當處,用於使固體分散於有機溶劑及/或水 中。 11. 如申請專利範圍第10項之分散劑,其中,該固體係色料及/ 20 或填料。 12. 如申請專利範圍第1項之分散劑,其係用於製造一塗覆組成 物,其中,黏著劑、一或多者之有機溶劑及/或水、色料及/或 填料、該分散劑及,若要的話,進一步慣用輔助劑係一起被 分散。 34 592794 η.如申請專利第i項之分散劑,其中,紐被分散之固體 係以該梯度共聚物塗覆。 H.—種塗覆組成物、糊料及/或模製化合物,其包含作為分散 劑之梯度共聚物’其係可藉由使用非聚合之單官能性起始劑使 5乙烯不飽和單體進行活性控制式聚合反應而獲得,且擁有沿該 聚合物鏈之親水性質轉換成疏水性質之轉換,其係藉由下述為 之: a) 於反應下使一單體(I)連續地提供至單體(11),或b) 使-單體(I)及-單體⑼以不同速率連續提供至用於反 10 應之反應容器, 且該單體_料體⑹仙其本身或於該梯度共聚物與 欲被分散之固體進一步化學反應後而引入該梯度共聚物基 内,且其它單體引入可與該液體或固體之分散介質相容之該梯 度共聚物基内,且一方面,該單體(I)或該單體(1)之進一步化學 15 反應之產物,或另一方面,該單體(Π)或該單體(^)之進一步化學反應之產物,擁有疏水性質,且於每一情況之該其它單體或 於母一情況之該其它單體之進一步化學反應之產物擁有親水 性質,該疏水及親水性質係定義如下: 親水性質係於溶解度參數大於或等於22 J1/2/cm3/2時存在,且疏 20 水性質係於溶解度參數少於22 J1/2/cm3/2時存在, 且”單體(1)”及”單體(II)”等辭係包含於一方面之單體(1)及於另 一方面之單體(II)之混合物。 15·如申請專利範圍第14項之塗覆組成物、糊料及/或模製化合 物,其中,該梯度共聚物擁有2000至20000克/莫耳之數平均分 35 592794 子量Μη。 16.如申請專利範圍第14項之塗覆組成物、糊料及/或模製化合 物,於黏著劑及慣用塗覆輔助劑存在中適當處,包含一或更多 之固體、有機溶劑及/或水。 5 17.如申請專利範圍第16項之塗覆組成物、糊料及/或模製化合 物,其中,該固體係色料及/或填料。18.如申請專利範圍第16項之塗覆組成物、糊料及/或模製化合 物,其中,該固體係以該梯度共聚物塗覆。36
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DE (2) | DE10236133A1 (zh) |
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-
2002
- 2002-08-07 DE DE10236133A patent/DE10236133A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-07-11 TW TW092119040A patent/TW592794B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-18 CA CA002435516A patent/CA2435516A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-31 ES ES03017316T patent/ES2240896T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 DE DE50300553T patent/DE50300553D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 AT AT03017316T patent/ATE295871T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-31 EP EP03017316A patent/EP1416019B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-06 JP JP2003287916A patent/JP4938210B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-06 KR KR1020030054423A patent/KR100984561B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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EP1416019B1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
ES2240896T3 (es) | 2005-10-16 |
KR20040014311A (ko) | 2004-02-14 |
ATE295871T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
JP2004066235A (ja) | 2004-03-04 |
CN1495204A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
TW200402323A (en) | 2004-02-16 |
US20040143035A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
CA2435516A1 (en) | 2004-02-07 |
KR100984561B1 (ko) | 2010-10-01 |
EP1416019A1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
CN1310975C (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
DE10236133A1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
DE50300553D1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
JP4938210B2 (ja) | 2012-05-23 |
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