CN1441703A - 微型反应器 - Google Patents
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- CN1441703A CN1441703A CN01806205A CN01806205A CN1441703A CN 1441703 A CN1441703 A CN 1441703A CN 01806205 A CN01806205 A CN 01806205A CN 01806205 A CN01806205 A CN 01806205A CN 1441703 A CN1441703 A CN 1441703A
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Abstract
本发明提供化学和生物反应器,其中包括微型反应器。实例中的反应器包括多个可并行操作的反应器,尽管每个反应器容量很小,但合在一起这些反应器能生产出大量的产品。反应系统可以包括混合室(12)、加热/分散单元(14)、反应室(16)和分离单元(18)。反应器的部件可以容易地各种材料制成。例如,这些部件可以由蚀刻硅体制得。反应器的部件可以彼此相连也可以彼此分离,这样可组成各种形式的反应器,反应器之间也可以彼此相连或彼此分离,这样可具有较大的灵活性,既可进行并行操作也可进行串行操作。
Description
发明领域
总体而言,本发明涉及到化学或生化微型反应器,更具体地说,本发明涉及到生产化学或生化产品的微型反应器,其中包括可构成并行操作的多个独立微型反应器。
发明背景
人们知道,有多种反应系统可以生产化学和生化产品。人们对涉及催化、生化发酵器、制药装置的化学装置以及其他系统的宿主也是非常熟悉。
同时,含有化学和生化反应的系统不一定用于产品的生产。例如,众所周知的连续流动系统,该系统用于检测包括血液在内的各种体液的分析指标,如氧含量、葡萄糖含量等。
在许多这样和那样的系统中,根据所要处理或分析的反应物量、产品量和分析物量来调整系统的能力(系统要生产、处理或分析的物料量)。例如,在大型化学或制药生产中,反应器通常做得尽量大,这样可以生产出尽可能多的产品。与此相反,在许多临床诊断领域中,希望从尽可能少的生理样品(如从一小滴血液)中获得尽可能多的信息,这些领域中的目标是将检验器的反应室体积降至最低限度。下面是几个用于临床诊断的小型反应器系统的实例:
美国5,387,329专利(1995年2月7日授权于Foos等人)讲述了将二维临床检测仪扩展用于血样氧含量的检测。
美国5,985,119号专利(1999年11月16日授权于Zanzucchi等人)讲述了用于液相分布系统中进行合成过程的小型反应单元。该专利说明了多种化学反应,其中包括分解代谢反应、合成代谢反应、氧化反应、还原反应、脱氧核糖核酸合成反应等等。
美国5,674,742号专利(1997年10月7日授权于Northrup等人)讲述了一种集成的微型仪器,它用于微升至微微升样品的操作、反应和检测。该系统声称适于生化反应,尤其适于像聚合酶链式反应这样基于脱氧核糖核酸的反应。
美国5,993,750号专利(1999年11月30日授权于Ghosh等人)讲述了一种集成的微型陶瓷化学装置;该装置具有单一的陶瓷结构,它由多层未烧结的陶瓷构成,这些未烧结的陶瓷层烧结在一起,构成了混合室、流体输送通道和流体反应通道以及将混合的化合物输送出该设备的装置。
生化过程通常涉及到使用活性微生物(细胞)来生产所感兴趣的物质。生化产品和生化过程约占全球药品、蛋白质和原质氨基酸生产总量的50%。在制药领域中,目前约90%的研究和开发预算花费在生物技术领域。
目前,生物反应器(发酵器)存在着几项重大的局限性。最大的限制是将反应器的规模最大化,这个问题与换气性质、培养基分布和传热性质有关。在发酵过程中,细胞是加速生长的,提供必要培养基和氧气所需的手段对含有细胞的容器形成了物理的和机械的限制。要补偿混合不充分和传质速率低,需要使用大功率和费用高的驱动装置。此外,随着细胞新陈代谢的加快,细胞会产生愈来愈多的热量,这些热量需要从培养基中散发出去。
培养基和容器(包括换热器)的传热性质对反应规模形成了严重制约(见表1)。虽然对这一反应而言,具体的热负荷和电力需求是特定的,但对于E.coli的发酵而言,在约10m3时,反应规模通常接近极限程度。所要散发出去的热量超出了培养基和容器传热系统的极限。因此,容器和培养基系统的温度将升高。不利的是,生物化合物存活的温度上限通常较低(许多小于45℃)。此外,分散培养基和氧化以及分散控制温度所需的冷却剂所消耗的电力会使得这一过程不具有经济可行性(见表1)。
表1:E.coli所需要的氧气和热量传递:不同规模的结果
OTR(mmol/L*h) | 体积a(m3) | 压力(表压)(磅/平方英时) | 动力(马力) | 热负荷(Btu/h) | 冷却剂b(°F) |
150 | 1 | 15 | 5.0 | 87,000 | 40 |
200 | 1 | 25 | 4.9 | 107,000 | 40 |
300 | 1 | 35 | 7.1 | 161,000 | 40 |
400 | 1 | 35 | 6.9 | 208,000 | 40 |
150 | 10 | 15 | 50.2 | 884,000 | 40 |
200 | 10 | 25 | 50.. | 1,078,000 | 40 |
300 | 10 | 35 | 75.7 | 1,621,000 | 22 |
400 | 10 | 35 | 77.0 | 2,096,000 | 5 |
a:液体体积。
b:对于1m3的容器而言,冷却剂的流量为35加仑/分钟,对于10m3的容器,冷却剂流量为100加仑/分钟。
c:见Charles,M.和Wilson,J.的《发酵器设计》;以及Lydersen,B.K.,D’Elia,N.A.,Nelson,K.L.,的《生物加工工程》,由纽约的Wiley & Sons,Inc.,公司于1994年出版。
除反应器的规模性外,传统发酵器的结构还有其他缺陷。由于反应过程的间歇性和半间歇性,产品的产量较低。反应参数的复杂性和交互性以及需要这些参数在较窄的范围内变化也使得系统的控制比较困难。在系统内部,由于混合动力产生气泡,造成培养基和氧气的分布不均,培养基或氧气不足会导致细胞死亡。最后,为了使溶液尽可能均匀还要进行搅拌(通常使用叶片将细胞和提供的培养基及氧气同时混合),搅拌所产生的高应力会破坏细胞膜并引起变性。
虽然有多许可用的反应器用于各种化学和生物反应,并有各种规模,但本领域仍然需要改进型的反应器。目前,特别是制药和生化工业正日益转向生物处理技术的情况下,尤其需要对生物反应器的结构进行重大改进。
发明概要
本发明提供与小型化学或生化反应器相关的系统、方法和反应器。
本发明的一个方面提供化学或生化反应器。该反应器包括反应单元,反应单元包括反应室,该反应室的体积小于1毫升。该反应室包括与化学或生物起始物料源头相连的入口以及将化学或生物反应产物排出的出口。收集室与反应器的出口相连。收集室的体积大于1升。
本发明的另一方面涉及化学或生物反应器系统。该系统包括混合室,混合室有多个入口,入口与多个化学或生化反应物源头相连,混合室还有出口。反应室与混合室可以相连也可以分离,反应室的体积小于1毫升。反应室的入口可与混合室的出口相连,也可与混合室的出口相分离,反应室的出口将起始物料经化学或生物反应器所产生的产品排出。
本发明的另一方面提供某些方法。其中的一个方法包括在多个并行操作的反应器中进行化学或生物反应,每个反应器的体积小于1毫升。反应产物从多个反应器中同时排出,反应产物进入收集室,收集室的体积大于1升。
结合本文所附的图形,通过下面的本发明详细说明,本发明的其他优点、新特点和目标便可一目了然;本文所带的图形是意示性的,并非按此比例绘制。在这些图形中,相同部件或近似相同的部件用同一数字来代表。为了清晰起见,并非每张图中的每个部件都有标识,每种实施方案中的每一部件也不是都在图中被表示出来,本文的图示不一定会使本领域内的普通技术人员理解本发明。
图示简介
图1表示的是本发明的微型生物反应器,该反应器包括混合单元、加热/分散单元、反应单元和分离单元。图1是反应器的分解图。
图2表明的是图1中的系统经过组装后的形式。
图3表明的是图1中系统的混合单元。
图4是图1系统中加热/分散单元的分解图。
图5是图1系统中反应室的分解图。
图6是图1系统中分离单元的分解图。
本发明的详细说明
本发明提供可用于各种小规模技术的化学或生化反应器。在某一实施方案中,本发明的微型反应器含有尺寸在几毫米至几厘米之间的方阵,方阵中包含反应通道,通道为几百微米级的通道。反应物流过这些微小通道,混合在一起并发生反应。在该系统中,可对反应产物进行收集、分离和处理。虽然一个微型反应器只能容纳并使几毫升物质发生反应,但该技术易于放大并可以进行大规模的并行操作。通过加强氧化和培养基的分布,本发明的微型反应器在细胞存活性方面的性能会有所提高。反应器的几何形状近似于细胞的自然环境,氧气和培养基的扩散传递是通过表面积很大层厚很薄的界面进行的。
至于产量,一组多个微型反应器可以并行操作,生产能力超过了目前所用反应器的生产能力,反应产物质量的一致性超过了间歇方法所能获得的一致性。此外,通过使生产能力保持在通常在实验室进行的反应规模可以获得某种优势。总之,在实验室规模下确定出的传热和传质参数不可以随反应器的容量进行线性放大。对于常规反应器而言,在体积增加1,000~1,000,000倍时,这些参数需要重新确定,这通常需要大量的基本投资。使用小型生产能力的反应器,虽然是并行操作,但却降低了放大方案所需的成本。
此外,反应过程可以在简单的平台上完成,比如在蚀刻的硅片上完成。随着在半导体制造领域中向着降低通道尺寸方面的努力,将有机会利用这些生产设备的过剩能力(用未用的设备生产尺寸更大的通道)。大规模生产这些单元成本很低,多个反应器,例如数各个微型反应器的制造价格通常比一个常规生物反应器的成本还低。
现参见图1,图1表明的是本发明某一实施方案中化学或生化反应器的示意图。图1中的反应器是一种微型反应器,尤其适于细胞培养。要理解的是,该反应器只是以实例的方式表明的,本发明并不局限于这一实施方案。例如,本发明中的系统可用于制药生产、危险性化学生产或战争反应物的化学补救。
微型反应器10包括4个通用单元,既混合单元12、加热/分散单元14、反应单元16和分离单元18。在所示的实施方案中,混合过程、加热过程、反应过程、提纯过程是按顺序进行的。尽然图中未表明,但系统中包括压力、温度、PH值和氧含量检测仪,这些仪器置于系统内部以对系统进行检测和控制。由于按照顺序的方式进行操作,所以几个反应单元可用于多步骤的化学合成以及多级提纯或微型分析单元。
图1表明的是微型反应器10的分解图。如图所示,每个单元14和单元16(分别是加热/分散单元和反应单元)至少包括一个相邻的温度控制单元20-26,该温度控制单元包括通道28,控制温度的流体流过该通道。如图所示,温度控制单元20和24位于单元14和单元22的上方和下方,温度控制单元26位于单元16的上方和下方。分离单元18在上部和下部分别包括提取溶液流体单元30和32,这二者分别通过膜34和36与单元18隔离开来。
现参见图2,这是组装后的反应器10。反应器10的具体细节将在此给予详细描述。
现参见图3,其描述了混合单元12。混合单元12可以有选择地通过加热/分散单元向反应单元提供混合均匀的起始物料或反应物。在微型生物反应器的具体实例中,混合单元12可以在所要求的PH值下向细胞提供培养基和氧气充足的、均匀的培养液。混合过程不是与细胞的营养供应结合在一起的,混合过程在起始阶段进行,然后供应给反应阶段,在反应阶段细胞是固定不动的。照此方式,细胞可以不经受混合所造成的强烈应力,这样可以保证得到混合均匀的进料。
正如反应器的其他组件一样,混合单元12可以通过简便的工艺过程制造出来。在优选的实施方案中,混合单元是通过石板印刷术这样共知的工艺技术对硅基板进行蚀刻而制得的。本发明系统中的混合单元及其他组件可以由其他材料制成,如由玻璃、熔凝氧化硅、石英、陶瓷或适合的塑料制成。首选的材料是硅。混合单元包括多个入口40-50,这些入口可以接受各种反应物和/或运载流体。虽然图中只表明有6个入口,但入口数量基本上可以有一个至几千个。通常情况下,对于某种反应而言,所需的入口小于10个。混合单元12包括出口52,在多个入口和该出口之间设有混合室54,该混合室将入口来的多股反应物合并在一起。图中所示的实施方案的特点在于混合室没有活动混合元件。混合室的结构可以使由入口进来的流体形成湍流,因此可以在没有活动混合的情况下实现流体的混合并将混合后的流体经出口排出混合室。混合室在流动路径上特别设有多个阻挡柱56,这些阻挡柱可以使流经这一通道的流体发生混合,这些阻档柱可以成任何形状的几何排列。如图所示,这些阻档柱是一些小的柱体。当流体从入口进来,穿过混合室流向出口过程中,流体必然会形成湍流。正如本文所用的,“活动混合元件”是指像叶片、搅拌浆或类似的混合元件,这些元件相对混合室本身而言是可以运动的,既可以与反应室的内壁形成相对运动。
在优选实施方案中,混合室的体积,既在入口和出口之间混合单元12的内部容积,是非常小的。混合室的体积通常小于1升,优选的情况是小于100毫升,在某些实施方案中其体积更是小于约10毫升。混合室的体积可以小于5毫升,或者甚至小于1毫升。
在图中所示的微型生物反应器中,有6股独立的进料物流在压力作用下流入混合室。一股物流提供细胞所需要的氧气。另一投物流提供改变PH值所需的二氧化碳和氮气。余下的三股提供含有溶剂和培养基的培养溶液。后面三投物料中的一种还可用来提供系统所需的其他物质,如消泡剂。为了避免产生泡沫和气泡,有时必须加入消泡剂,因为泡沫和气泡可以破坏培养液中的细胞。进入混合室的各个物流会产生足够程度的湍流,以便将不同的物流混合起来。在微型流动装置内部的流动特点是雷诺数较小,这表明形成的流动是层流。虽然注入的流体所产生的湍流会在物流发展为层流之前实现充分的混合,但为了增强层流的混合效果,在流体离开主混合室的通道上设置了柱状的障碍物56。通过将主干流体分成若干支流,然后再合并到一起,这样在流通通道中造成了湍流,简单扩散之外的机理被用来实现进一步的混合。根据系统的需要,这一混合区域的长度可长可短。
现参见图4,图4表明的是加热/分散单元14。单元14可以像上述的本发明其他元件一样制得。在实施方案中,单元14含有入口60,在入口60和单元14的多个出口之间有流体流过,在实施方案中希望得到下面所述的分散结果。在操作中,从混合单元出来的均匀物流(所示实施方案中特定微型生物反应器的培养液进料)进入分散矩阵,该分散矩阵由多个障碍体构成,这些障碍体将物流分散到不同的流动通道中,这些通道通往不同的出口62,分散矩阵夹在温度控制元20和24之间;如图所示,分散矩阵包括蚀刻在硅片上的流体流动通道28。控制单元24位于单元14的下方,因此,蚀刻出来的通道28被单元14的底部所密封。控制单元20位于单元14的顶部,这样单元20的底部封住并限定了分散单元14的顶部。在单元20的顶部可放置一个盖子(未画出),以便将通道28密封起来。
除了如前所述(图3)出于混合的目的外,对物流的劈分是要使物流进入下一个单元操作的反应室。在常规反应器系统中,在含有催化剂的填料周围流动的流体会发生所希望的反应。然而,如果进入反应室的流体分散不均,则流体将通过阻力小的反应器通道,这样整个活性表面区域没有得到应用。此阶段的分散是为了优化下一阶段中反应器的效率。
关于这一单元的加热功能,其作用相当于小型的常规换热器。在中央平台上方及下方蚀刻出的硅平台用来输送加热用流体。细胞通常需要30℃左右的环境。在培养液流动通道上方及下方流过蚀刻盘管的液体透过薄薄的硅片层对培养液进行加热。在上方和下方换热器中的流体温度可以进行调整,以确保培养液处于合适的温度。此外,该平台还可以进行扩展,以便适于热负荷的增加。
虽然图中所示的是加热/分散联合单元,但单元14可以是分散单元或加热单元。例如,分散单元可按图中所示的方式,不带有温度控制单元。另外,系统也可以不提供分散单元,而提供加热单元(入口60与单一出口62相通,出口62可以大于图中所的出口)。如果需要冷却,系统还可以提供冷却单元。单元20和24可以输送温控流体,以便进行加热或冷却。
现参见图5,图5表明的是反应室16,反应室16包括温度控制单元22和26。单元22和26可以与图4所示的单元20和24相同,单元22位于反应室16的顶部,反应单元16包括入口70和出口72,反应室位于入口和出口之间,入口和出口之间有流体流过。在本发明的实施方案中,反应室为微型反应器,或者是本文上面所述的其他小容量反应器,其体积小于1毫升,反应器与混合单元12相连。入口70与化学或生物反应的起始物料源头相连,这些物料可由混合单元12提供,也可由加热/分散单元14提供,起始物料经化学或生物反应后生成的产物经出口72排出反应室。单元16可由上面所述的材料制成。
反应单元是系统的核心,虽然该单元可以进行生物或制药反应,但图中所示的是用于细胞培养的情况。与本文前面所述的单元一样,在中央反应室之间可夹有像换热器平台这样的温度控制单元。与细胞培养液的情况相同,换热器使反应单元的温度保持一致。
该反应单元的特点是在维持反应的母体中进行非均质反应,细胞材料在适当的PH值、氧浓度和适当的温度下进入反应器进行细胞培养。细胞由表面作用及后来的反应固定在硅框架的位置74上,或者被主反应膜所捕获。细胞依靠供给物流所提供的养份进行新陈代谢,并产生出蛋白质。最初的反应平台可以是在反应室顶部和底部的二维细胞母体,这种形式可以避免反应单元的压差过大,压差过大不利于流动。
在反应单元中,氧气和培养基从流动物流扩散到固定的细胞上去。反过来,细胞靠这些物流进行代谢,并产生出蛋白质,产生出的蛋白质随物流一起流走。流动物流然后进入第4室,在这里蛋白质被从溶液中分离出来。
现在再参见图1,可以看出分散单元14是如何使流体(反应物流体,如细胞培养情况中的氧和培养基)平均分成数股物流,流过位置74到达反应室16。
现在参见图6,图6详细表明了分离单元18,图6是单分18的分解视图,分离单元18包括中央单元,中央单元包括入口80和出口82,流动通道84将入口和出口连接起来,入口和出口之间有流体流过。分离单元18可用制造本发明其他部件的材料制成,但优选的材料是蚀刻的硅。所希望的是流动通道84完全穿越单元18,这样分离单元的上方和下方都有流动通道。为了保持结构的整体性,可将通道84蚀刻到某种程度,但可以不像图中所示的那样完全穿过单元18,在流动通道的底部可以开一些孔或导流通道,这样使流动通道的底部与分离单元下方的区域相通。入口80可以与反应室16的出口相连,出口82与运载流体的回收室相连。
在图中所示的实施方案中,膜34和36分别覆盖住流动通道84在图中暴露出来的向上和向下的部分。膜34或36可以是任何适于分离用途的膜,比如使用膜对流出物或从出口82出来的运载流体进行产物分离。本领域的普通技术人员会认识到,有许多种类的膜适用于分离过程,其中包括尺寸选择性膜、离子膜等等。上部和下部提取溶液流体单元30和32可由本文上面所述的材料制成,其中包括蚀刻硅;单元30和32均包括流动通道86,通道86将入口88和出口90连接起来。优选的情况是,在组装分离单元时,通道86与分离单元18的流动通道84相对齐。这样,流过单元30和32中通道86的两股溶液物流与单元18中的物流流动方向相反,物流只被膜34和36所分离。这样便建立起了对流正切流动过滤膜系统,由于浓度梯度,反应产物有选择性地从通道84进入到在单元30和32的通道86内流动的流体中,产物经单元30和32的出口90被回收,回收容器(未画出)的体积可以大于1升。出口90包括运载流体出口,流动通道将单元18的入口与单元30和32的运载流体出口90连接起来,中间只有膜34和36相隔。运载流体出口82可以与回收容器相连,以便使反应运载流体进行循环。在实际的微型生物反应器中,残余的氧和培养基经出口82加以回收,并循环回到反应的进料中。
使用温度控制单元(未画出),可以使通道86中的流动的提取液处于任何温度。在微型生物反应器的情况下,这些流体的温度定在4℃左右。这样的低温是为了保持蛋白质生产的功效以及防止蛋白质变性。此外,在工业化应用中,还经常再进行几个提纯和分类步骤。使用串行的几个单元可以进行进一步的提纯。
在生产过程中可以加入控制系统和探测器,这样可以调节温度、PH值、培养基浓度以及氧浓度。在使用微型生物反应器时,细胞的存活性取决于对上述参数的严格控制。根据所选的细胞系,使用热电偶、PH检测器、氧溶解度检测器和葡萄糖检测器(在各单元间)可以使参数的设定值保持在较窄的范围内。这些控制手段将决定所需的换热量以及所输入的氧、二氧化碳、氮和培养基的量。
可以使用隔膜泵和压缩泵来提供流体在各单元中流体所需的必要动力。这些泵也可用于维持换热器中的流体流动。
本发明的特点在于,许多如图所示的微型反应器可以并行操作。特别要指出的是,并行操作可以由至少十台反应器组成,在其他并行操作情况下,至少可以由约100、500、1000甚至10,000台反应器并行操作。反应器可按需要进行组装和拆卸。
本发明的另一特点是,独立的单元12、14、16和18的结构及排列适于彼此间的连接或拆分。对于所要求的反应而言,可以进行任何独立单元之间的组合,例如,关于图1,加热/分散单元14就可以不需要。这样,混合单元12的出口52即可以与加热/分散单元14的入口60相连,但当不使用加热/分散单元时,也可以与反应单元16的入口70相连。此外,反应系统各部件之间的连接和拆卸十分方便,所以可以制成含有某些特定单元的反应系统,通过组装和拆卸可以得到多个反应器并行或串行操作的反应系统,任意数量的并行或串行反应系统可以一起操作。正如有一些系统将各种反应器连接成并行或串行反应系统一样,将反应器各独立单元连接或分开的设备可以从本领域所知的那样设备中选择。所选择的系统应使实验室技术人员或生产装置技术人员方便地连接或拆卸各独立单元,而不会对反应器部件造成如焊接、切割这样不可恢复的损坏。反应器部件之间或使反应器并行或串行操作的可恢复连接系统包括凸/凹连接件、夹紧器、壳筒、螺纹连接器等等;其中壳筒部件包括插在壳体内的插件。
本领域内的技术人员将很容易地理解,本文所列出的参数只是示范性的,实际过程的参数将取决于本发明的方法和设备所应用具体的环境。因此,应理解的是,前面所述的实施方案只是实例性的,在本文所附的权利要求范围内或等同的范围内,可以有不同于实施例的各种情况。在权利要求中,“含有”“具有”“带有”等词汇意味着“包括”,但这些词汇的含意并不局限于此。
Claims (48)
1.一种化学和生物反应器,其包括如下组成:
反应单元,反应单元包括反应室,该反应室的体积小于1毫升;与化学或生物起始物料源头相连的入口以及将化学或生物反应产物排出的出口;
与反应室出口相连的收集室,收集室的体积大于1升。
2.如权利要求1中的反应器,其中反应室的体积小于约100毫升。
3.如权利要求1中的反应器,其中反应室的体积小于约10毫升。
4.如权利要求1中的反应器,其中反应室的体积小于约5毫升。
5.如权利要求1中的反应器,其中反应室的体积小于约1毫升。
6.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中反应单元包括由蚀刻而形成的部件组成。
7.如权利要求6中的反应器,其中反应单元包括蚀刻的硅组成。
8.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中收集室包括蚀刻的硅组成。
9.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,进一步包括混合单元,混合单元与反应室入口相连,二者之间有流体流过。
10.如权利要求9中的反应器,其中混合单元包括与反应室入口相连的出口,混合单元含有多个入口,混合单元的入口和出口之间有流体流过;混合室位于多个入口和出口之间。
11.如权利要求10中的反应器,其中混合单元室中没有活动的混合元件。
12.如权利要求11中的反应器,其中混合室可以将由入口进来的多股反应流体合并起来并形成湍流,由此实现流体的混合并将混合后的流体经出口排出混合室。
13.如权利要求12中的反应器,其中混合单元在多个入口和出口之间有流体流通通道,并在流通通道上设有多个障碍物,障碍物的作用是使流过流通通道的流体发生混合。
14.如权利要求9-13中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中混合单元可以与反应单元相连或分离。
15.如权利要求9-14中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中混合室位于多个入口和出口之间,混合室的体积小于1升。
16.如权利要求9-14中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中混合室位于多个入口和出口之间,混合室的体积小于10毫升。
17.如权利要求1-8中的任何一项所述的反应器,进一步包括加热单元,加热单元带有入口以及与反应室入口相连的出口,加热单元可以与反应室相连或分离。
18.如权利要求1-8中的任何一项所述的反应器,进一步包括加热单元,加热单元带有入口以及与反应室入口间有流体流动的出口,加热单元可以与反应室相连或分离。
19.权利要求18中的反应器,其中的加热单元包括入口以及多个出口,入口与多个出口相连并可有流体流过。
20.权利要求1-8中的任何一项所述的反应器,进一步包括加热及分散单元,加热及分散单元包括入口及与反应室入口相连的出口,加热及分散单元可以与反应室相连或分离。
21.如权利要求20中的反应器,其中加热及分散单元包括入口及与入口相连的多个出口。
22.如权利要求20中的反应器,进一步包括混合单元,混合单元含有多个与混合室相连的入口,混合室与出口相连,其中加热及分散单元的出口可与反应器的入口相连或分离,加热及分散单元的出口可与混合单元的出口相连或分离。
23.如权利要求18-22中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中分散单元可以将经多个出口排出的流体维持在约30℃左右。
24.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,其中反应室的结构和排列适于细胞培植。
25.如权利要求24中的反应器,其中反应室的表面适于细胞的固定。
26.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,进一步包括分离单元,分离单元包括入口和出口,分离单元的出口与反应室的入口相连。
27.如权利要求26中的反应器,其中分离单元可与反应室相连或分离。
28.如权利要求26或27中的反应器,其中分离单元包括与反应室出口相连的入口及运载流体出口,流体通道将入口与运载流体出口连接起来,分离单元还包括选择尺寸的分离膜,分离膜与从入口流向出口的流体相接触。
29.如权利要求28中的反应器,其中分离膜的第一侧面与从入口流向出口的流体相接触,与第一侧面相对的第二侧面构成了反应产物提取溶液流动通道的一部分。
30.如权利要求28或29中的反应器,其中运载流体出口与回收容器相连,回收容器将反应运载流体进行循环。
31.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,还包括温度传感器、PH传感器、氧浓度传感器和压力传感器中的至少一个。
32.如权利要求31中的反应器,其包括温度、PH、氧浓度传感器。
33.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的反应器,其包括多个反应室,这些反应室之间可以彼此相连也可以彼此分离,反应室的结构及排列可并行操作。
34.如权利要求33中的反应器,其包括至少十个并行操作的反应器。
35.如权利要求33中的反应器,其包括至少一百个并行操作的反应器。
36.如权利要求33中的反应器,其包括至少五百个并行操作的反应器。
37.如权利要求33中的反应器,其包括至少一千个并行操作的反应器。
38.如权利要求33中的反应器,其包括至少一万个并行操作的反应器。
39.一种方法,其包括如下步骤:
在多个并行操作的反应器中进行化学或生物反应,每个反应室的体积小于1毫升;
将反应产物从多个反应室同时排入到收集室中,收集室的体积大于1升。
40.如权利要求39中的方法,其中反应是细胞培植、催化反应、制药生产、危险性化学生产或战争反应物的化学补救中的一种。
41.如权利要求40中的方法,其中反应涉及到细胞培植。
42.如权利要求41中的方法,其包括使供给物流流过被固定化的细胞,并在收集室中回收蛋白质产物。
43.如权利要求39-42中的任何一项所述的方法,包括在至少十台并行操作的反应器内进行化学或生物反应,并将每台反应器的产物排入到收集室中。
44.如权利要求39-42中的任何一项所述的方法,包括在至少一百台并行操作的反应器内进行化学或生物反应,并将每台反应器的产物排入到收集室中。
45.如权利要求39-42中的任何一项所述的方法,包括在至少五百台并行操作的反应器内进行化学或生物反应,并将每台反应器的产物排入到收集室中。
46.如权利要求39-42中的任何一项所述的方法,包括在至少一千台并行操作的反应器内进行化学或生物反应,并将每台反应器的产物排入到收集室中。
47.一种化学或生化反应器系统,其包括如下组成:至少十台化学或生化反应器,反应器的结构及排列适于并行操作,在非并行操作状态时,这些反应器可彼此相互分离,当进行并行操作时,这些反应器可重新彼此相连,每台反应器的体积均小于1毫升。
48.一种化学或生化反应器系统,其包括如下组成:
混合室,混合室包括多个入口,这些入口与多个化学或生化反应物源头相连,混合室还包括出口;
反应室,反应室可与混合室相连或分离,反应室的体积小于1毫升;反应室的入口可与混合室的出口相连或分离,反应室的出口将起始物料经化学或生物反应所产生的产物排出。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2400978A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
US7485454B1 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
AU2001243553A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
JP2003526359A (ja) | 2003-09-09 |
EP1265708A4 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
US20040121454A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US20090275115A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
EP1265708A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 |
WO2001068257A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
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