CN1430605A - 由仲氨基氧化物合成胺醚的方法 - Google Patents
由仲氨基氧化物合成胺醚的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1430605A CN1430605A CN01810203A CN01810203A CN1430605A CN 1430605 A CN1430605 A CN 1430605A CN 01810203 A CN01810203 A CN 01810203A CN 01810203 A CN01810203 A CN 01810203A CN 1430605 A CN1430605 A CN 1430605A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- group
- alkyl
- carbon atoms
- substituted
- phenyl
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- -1 amine ethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 260
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 title description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 261
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroperoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOO AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004305 biphenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004642 (C1-C12) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005724 cycloalkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005592 polycycloalkyl group Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006356 alkylene carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004366 heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001313 C5-C10 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000006193 alkinyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 63
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 34
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 28
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 19
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 15
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 14
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000003073 divalent carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- MDHYEMXUFSJLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 MDHYEMXUFSJLGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 11
- ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxyl Chemical group O=N ODUCDPQEXGNKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CRZQGDNQQAALAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl benzeneacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CRZQGDNQQAALAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MLMVPBFKPWONNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OC(=O)C=C MLMVPBFKPWONNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound C=CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005958 tetrahydrothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N tocofersolan Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C AOBORMOPSGHCAX-DGHZZKTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluene-4-sulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylsulfanyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CSCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001862 ultra low molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000297 undecanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/632—Organic additives
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
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Abstract
一种式(A)的胺醚,其中a为1或2;且当a为1时,E是E’;当a为2时,E是L;E’是C1-C36烷基;C3-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的基团;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的C7-C15芳烷基;或者E’是如权利要求1所述的式(VII)的基团;T’是C4-C18叔链烷基或苯基,其每一个是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T’是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基,或者被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的含7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T’是-C(G1)(G2)-T”;或被F(I)取代的C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;T”是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基,或者是含有1-50个碳原子的一价有机基团;或者T”和T’一起形成二价有机连接基团,与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2取代的季碳原子一起,成为任选取代的5或6元环结构;并且所有其它残基是如权利要求1所定义的,其由相应的N-烃氧基受阻胺前驱体通过在有机氢过氧化物和催化量的铜或铜化合物存在下与烃E1-H或H-L-H的反应以良好的产率获得。本发明的产物作为聚合调节剂和/或有机材料的光稳定剂具有实用性。
Description
本发明涉及一种在有机氢过氧化物和铜催化剂的存在下,通过相应的N-烃氧基中间体与烃反应制备胺醚如N-烃氧基取代受阻胺化合物的方法,并涉及可以由该方法获得的一些新化合物。由本方法制备的化合物在聚合物组合物抵抗光、氧和/或热有害作用的稳定性方面特别有效;它们还用作提供均聚物、无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、多嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物等的自由基聚合过程的引发剂或调节剂,提高聚合速度并提高单体到聚合物的转化率。
4-羟基-1-烃氧基(oxyl)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶和4-氧代-1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶被描述为某些碳中心自由基的清除剂(S.Nigam等,J.Chem.Soc.,Trans.Faraday Soc.,
1976,(72),2324和K.-D.Asmus等人,Int.J.Radiat.Biol.,
1976(29),211)。
D.H.R.Barton等人,Tetrahedron,1996,(52),10301描述了在N-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(TEMPO)的存在下,在烃与铁(II)和铁(III)物质、过氧化氢和各种共添加剂的反应中,一些N-烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物的形成。
美国专利No.5,374,729描述了一种由相应的N-烃氧基化合物与通过在金属盐存在下分解过氧化氢水溶液或通过二叔丁基过氧化物的热分解由二甲亚砜产生的甲基自由基反应制备受阻胺类的N-甲氧基衍生物的方法。
美国专利No.4,921,962描述了一种形成位阻胺类的N-烃氧基衍生物的方法,其中,受阻胺或N-烃氧基取代的受阻胺在氢过氧化物和钼催化剂的存在下与烃溶剂反应。
现在已经发现,N-烃氧基取代的位阻胺类可以在有机氢过氧化物和铜催化剂的存在下由N-烃氧基中间体和烃来制备。本发明的方法仅使用催化量的铜并且不需要高温。
因此,本发明涉及一种制备式A的胺醚的方法:其中
a为1或2;
当a为1时,E是E’;
当a为2时,E是L;
E’是C1-C36烷基;C3-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的基团;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C1-C8烷氧基或苯氧基;C4-C12杂环烷基;C4-C12杂环烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或C4-C12杂芳烷基,其每一个是未取代的或者被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的;或者E’是式(VII)或(VIII)的基团:其中,Ar是C1-C10芳基或C5-C9杂芳基;
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
G1和G2各自独立地是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-CONR5R6、-(R9)COOR4、-C(O)-R7、-OR8、-SR8、-NHR8、-N(R18)2、氨基甲酰基、二(C1-C18烷基)氨基甲酰基、-C(=NR5)(NHR6)、C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;被OH、卤素、NO2、氨基、氰基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基或基团-O-C(O)-R7取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基或C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;由至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C6-C10芳基;或被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代的苯基或萘基;或者G1和G2一起与连接碳原子形成C3-C12环烷基;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接连接;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
G14是C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳香酸的酰基;
G55是H、CH3或苯基;
G66是式-COOR4或-CONR5R6或-CH2-O-G14的基团;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;或者是被COO和/或亚苯基中断的4-18个碳原子的亚烷基;
T’是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其每一个是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T’是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基,或者被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的含7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T’是-C(G1)(G2)-T”;或被
取代的C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;
T”是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基,或者是含有1-50个碳原子的一价有机自由基;
或者T”和T’一起形成二价有机连接基团,与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2取代的季碳原子一起,成为任选取代的5或6元环结构;
并且
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5和R6是氢、C1-C18烷基、被羟基取代的C2-C18烷基,或者一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或者被O或/和NR18中断的C2-C12-亚烷基桥;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R18是C1-C18烷基或苯基,其是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代。
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
该方法包括:在有机氢过氧化物和催化量的铜或铜化合物的存在下,使式B的N-烃氧基胺:与式IV或V的化合物反应。
E’-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)优选的是一种合成式A胺醚的方法:其中
a为1或2;
当a为1时,E是E’;
当a为2时,E是L;
E’是C1-C36烷基;C3-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的自由基;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的C7-C15芳烷基;或者E’是式(VII)的自由基:其中,
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
D是基团
、基团C(O)-G13或基团C(O)-G9-C(O)-G13;
G1和G2各自独立地是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-CONR5R6、-(R9)COOR4、-C(O)-R7、-OR8、-SR8、-NHR8、-N(R18)2、氨基甲酰基、二(C1-C18烷基)氨基甲酰基、-C(=NR5)(NHR6)、C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;被OH、卤素、NO2、氨基、氰基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基或基团-O-C(O)-R7取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基或C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;由至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C6-C10芳基;或被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代的苯基或萘基;或者G1和G2与连接碳原子一起形成C3-C12环烷基自由基;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接连接;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;
T’是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其每一个是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T’是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基自由基,或者被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的含7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T’是-C(G1)(G2)-T”;或被
取代的C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;
T”是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基,或者是含有1-50个碳原子的一价有机自由基;
或者T”和T’一起形成二价有机连接基团,与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2取代的季碳原子一起,成为任选取代的5或6元环结构;
并且
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5和R6是氢、C1-C18烷基、被氢取代的C2-C18烷基,或者一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或者被O或/和NR18中断的C2-C12-亚烷基桥;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R18是C1-C18烷基或苯基,其是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代。
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
该方法包括:在有机氢过氧化物和催化量的铜或铜化合物的存在下,使式B的N-烃氧基胺:与式IV或V的烃反应。
E’-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)
特别地,本发明涉及式I或II的受阻胺的合成方法:其中,G1、G2、G3和G4各自独立地是C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基;被OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)R5取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基;被至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C3-C12环烷基;或C6-C10芳基;或者G1和G2和/或G3和G4与连接碳原子一起形成C3-C12环烷基基团;
a是1或2;
当a是1时,E是E′,其中,E’是C1-C36烷基;C2-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的自由基;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的C7-C15芳烷基;或者E’是式(VII)的自由基:其中,
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
当a为2时,E是L;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接结合;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;
T是完成分子式I所需的二价有机基团,其与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2或G3和G4取代的两个季碳原子一起形成5或6元环结构;
T1是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-(R9)COOR4、-(R9)C(O)-R7、OR8、未取代的C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;或者T1是被NO2、卤素、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C6烷酰基、C1-C12烷氧基取代的C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;或者苯基、萘基,其是未取代的或者被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基取代;或者T1是残基-CH2-O-R10或-CH2-NR18-R10或-C(=CH2)-R11或-C(=O)-R12;
T2是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其未被取代或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T2是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基基团或者被至少一个O原子中断的含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基基团;或者T2是-C(G1)(G2)-T1;或
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或苯基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R10是氢、甲酰、C2-C18烷基羰基、苯甲酰基、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、被O或NR18中断的C5-C12环烷基、或者是苄基或苯基,其是未取代的或被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代的;
R11是OH、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、O-C(O)-(C1-C18)烷基、N(R18)2、或基团C(O)R25;
R12是OH、O(碱金属)、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、N(R18)2;
R18是C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
R25是OH、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、N(R18)2;
E’-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)
在本发明描述的范围内,术语烷基包括例如甲基、乙基和丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基和十二烷基的异构体。芳基取代的烷基(芳烷基)的实例是苄基、α-甲基苄基或枯基。烷氧基的实例是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、辛氧基等。烯基的实例是乙烯基,特别是烯丙基。亚烷基包括烷叉的实例是亚乙基、正亚丙基或1,2-亚丙基。
环烷基的一些实例是环丁基、环戊基、环己基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基和甲基环己基。
芳基的实例是苯基和萘基。取代芳基的实例是甲基-、二甲基-、三甲基-、甲氧基-、或苯基取代的苯基。
脂肪族羧酸的一些实例是乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、硬脂酸。脂环族羧酸的实例是环己酸。芳香族羧酸的实例是苯甲酸。含磷的酸的实例是甲基膦酸。脂肪族二羧酸的实例是丙二酸、马来酸或琥珀酸、或癸二酸。芳香族二羧酸残基的实例是邻苯二甲酰基。
基团杂环烷基或杂环烯基包含一个或两个杂原子,基团杂芳基包含1-4个杂原子,杂原子优选的是选自氮、硫和氧。杂环烷基的一些实例是四氢呋喃基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基和四氢噻吩基。杂芳基的实例是呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡啶基和嘧啶基。C2-C12杂环烷基通常为环氧乙烷、1,4-二恶烷、四氢呋喃、γ-丁内酯、ε-己内酰胺、环氧乙烷、氮丙啶、二氮丙啶、吡咯、吡咯烷、噻吩、呋喃、吡唑、咪唑、唑、唑烷、噻唑、吡喃、噻喃、哌啶或吗啉。
一价甲硅烷基的实例是三甲基甲硅烷基。
也可以被至少一个氧或氮原子中断的多环烷基基团是例如金刚烷、立方烷、异三不癸烷(twistane)、降冰片烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷、双环[3.2.1]辛烷、环六亚甲基四胺(乌托品)、或基团
在定义范围内,单羧酸的酰基是式-CO-R”的残基,其中,R”特别可以代表所限定的烷基、烯基、环烷基或芳基。优选的酰基包括乙酰、苯甲酰、丙烯酰、甲基丙烯酰、丙酰、丁酰、戊酰、己酰、庚酰、辛酰、壬酰、癸酰、十一碳酰、十二碳酰、十五碳酰、硬脂酰。多价酸的多酰基具有式-(-CO)n-R”,其中,n是化合价,例如2、3、4、5或6。这样的残基的一些优选实例在其它地方给出。
在本方法优选的产品中,E’选自-CH2-芳基、
、-CH2- CH2-芳基、
、(C5-C6环烷基)2CCN、(C1-C12烷基)2CCN、-CH2CH=CH2、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-C(O)-(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-C(O)-(C6-C10)芳基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-C(O)-(C1-C12)烷氧基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-C(O)-苯氧基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-C(O)-N-二(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-CO-NH(C1-C12)烷基、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-CO-NH2、-CH2CH=CH-CH3、-CH2-C(CH3)=CH2、-CH2-CH=CH-苯基、、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-CN、
或、其中,R30是氢或C1-C12烷基;
芳基基团是苯基或萘基,其未被取代或用C1-C12烷基、卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、甲酰基、C2-C12烷基羰基、缩水甘油氧基、OH、-COOH或COOC1-C12烷基。更优选的是E′选自-CH2-苯基、CH3CH-苯基、(CH3)2C-苯基、(C5-C6环烷基)2CCN、(CH3)2CCN、-CH2CH=CH2、CH3CH-CH=CH2(C1-C8烷基)CR30-C(O)-苯基、(C1-C8)烷基-CR30-C(O)-(C1-C8)烷氧基、(C1-C8)烷基-CR30-C(O)-(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷基-CR30-C(O)-N-二(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷基-CR30-C(O)-NH(C1-C8)烷基、(C1-C8)烷基-CR30-C(O)-NH2、(C1-C12)烷基-CR30-CN,其中,R30是氢或(C1-C8)烷基。
G1和G2和/或G3和G4与连接碳原子一起形成C3-C12环烷基基团、优选形成C5-C12环烷基基团、特别是亚环戊基、亚环己基或亚环庚基。
G1、G2、G3和G4独立地优选为1-4个碳原子的烷基,或者相邻的基团G1和G2和/或G3和G4一起是1,5-亚戊基。更优选地,G1、G2、G3和G4独立地是甲基或乙基或丙基,尤其是甲基或乙基。在最优选的产品中,G1和G3各自是甲基而G2和G4独立地是甲基、乙基或丙基。
T通常是含有2-500个碳原子的有机连接基团,并且与其直接连接的碳原子以及氮原子一起形成取代的5、6或7元环结构;T优选的是C2-C500烃,任选含有1-200选自氮、氧、磷、硫、硅和卤素的杂原子,其中,T可以是6元环结构的一部分。更优选地,T是式的有机连接基团,其中,E2是-CO-或-(CH2)b-、而b是0、1或2;
E1是带有两个残基R24和R25的碳原子,或者是>N-R25,或者是氧,且R24和R25是氢或一个有机残基,其特征在于连接基团T总共含有2-500碳原子,并且与其直接连接的碳原子以及氮原子一起形成取代的5、6或7元环结构,或者其中,R24和R25一起是=O,或者其中R24是氢且R25是氢或羟基。T最优选的是2-羟基-1,3-丙二基或2-氧代-1,3-丙二基。
式(I)的优选产品是其中G1、G2、G3和G4相互独立地是甲基、乙基、苯基或COOR4的产品;
E是由C7-C11苯基烷烃或C6-C10吡啶基烷烃;或C5-C12环烷烃;或C5-C12环烯烃;或氧杂环己烷或氧代环己烯;或C3-C8烯烃;苯氧基取代的C3-C8烯烃;或被C1-C4烷基和其它选自C1-C4烷氧基、缩水甘油基或缩水甘油氧基的取代基取代的苯所形成的碳中心基团;或者E是式(VIII)的基团:其中:
Ar是C6-C10芳基或C5-C9杂芳基;
G14是C1-C4烷基或含有2-4个碳原子的脂肪族羧酸的酰基或苯甲酰;
G55是H、CH3或苯基;
G66是-CN或式-COOR4或-CH2-O-G14的基团;
R4是氢或C1-C8烷基;
L是由丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、2,2-二甲基-丙烷、二甲苯形成的碳中心基团;和
T是亚苯基或式(VI)
的有机连接基团,其中:
E2是-CO-或-(CH2)b-,而b是0、1或2;
E1是带有两个残基R24和R25的碳原子,或者是>N-R25,或者是氧,且R24和R25是氢或有机残基,其特征在于连接基团T总共含有2-500碳原子,并且与其直接连接的碳原子以及氮原子一起形成取代的5、6或7元环结构,或者其中R24和R25一起是=O,或者其中R24是氢且R25是氢或羟基;
或者E1和E2一起是1,2-亚苯基。
G1、G2、G3和G4各自独立地是C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基;被OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)R5取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基;被O中断的C2-C18烷基;C5-C12环烷基;或苯基;或者G1和G2和/或G3和G4与连接碳原子一起形成C5-C12环烷基基团;
Z1是O或NR8;
R8是氢、OH、C1-C18烷基、C3-C18烯基、C3-C18炔基;被一个或多个OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)-R5取代的C1-C18烷基、C3-C18烯基、C3-C18炔基;被至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C6-C10芳基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C5-C10杂芳基、-C(O)-C1-C18烷基、-O-C1-C18烷基或-COOC1C18烷基;
Q是直接连接或者二价基团CR9R10、CR9R10-CR11R12、CR9R10CR11R12CR13R14、C(O)或CR9R10C(O);
R9、R10、R11、R12、R13和R14各自独立地为氢、苯基或C1-C18烷基;
T是CH2-C(R24)(R25)-CH2,其中,R24和R25一起为=O或独立地是H、OH或有机残基,其特征在于连接基团T总共含有2-500个碳原子和任选的1-200个选自氧、磷、硫、硅、卤素和叔氮的杂原子。式B、III或IIIa的N-烃氧基析出物在本领域中大多数是已知的;它们例如可以通过相应的N-H受阻胺与过氧化氢和钨酸钠反应,如E.G.Rozantsev等人在Synthesis,1971,192中所述;或者通过与过氧化氢丁酯和钼(VI)反应来制备,如在美国专利No.4,691,015,中所述,或者用类似的方法获得。
用于本方法的烃的优选量在某种程度上取决于在烃反应物上的反应性氢与受阻胺硝酰基化合物的相对数量。该反应通常用每摩尔硝酰基部分1-100摩尔烃的比例进行,优选的比例是每摩尔硝酰基部分1-50摩尔,最优选的比例是每摩尔硝酰基部分1-30摩尔烃。
有机氢过氧化物的优选量是每摩尔硝酰基部分1-20摩尔,更优选的量是每摩尔硝酰基部分1-5摩尔过氧化物,最优选的量是每摩尔硝酰基部分1-3摩尔过氧化物。
在本发明的方法中所用的有机氢过氧化物可以具有式R-OOH,其中,R通常是含有1-18个碳原子的烃。有机氢过氧化物优选的是含有3-18个碳原子的过氧代醇。R通常是脂肪族的,优选的是C1-C12烷基。最优选的有机氢过氧化物是过氧化氢丁酯。
铜催化剂的优选量为约0.0001-0.5,特别是0.0005-0.1摩尔当量/摩尔硝酰基部分,比例为0.001-0.05摩尔金属或金属配体络合物/摩尔硝酰基部分是最优选的。
该反应优选的是在0-100℃进行,更优选的是20-100℃,特别是20-80℃。
更具体地,本发明涉及1-100摩尔式IV或V的烃、1-20摩尔有机氢过氧化物和0.001毫摩尔-0.5摩尔铜催化剂/摩尔式B的N-烃氧基化合物(1毫摩尔为0.001摩尔)的混合物的反应。优选地,每摩尔式B的N-烃氧基化合物的铜催化剂摩尔数比1∶100-1∶100000,尤其是1∶300-1∶100000。
E优选的是由C7-C11苯基烷烃或C6-C10吡啶基烷烃;或C5-C12环烷烃;或C5-C12环烯烃;或氧杂环己烷或氧代环己烯;或C3-C8烯烃;或苯氧基取代的C3-C8烯烃;或被C1-C4烷基和其它选自C1-C4烷氧基、缩水甘油基、或缩水甘油氧基的取代基取代的苯所形成的碳中心基团;或者E是式(VIII)的基团:其中:
Ar是C6-C10芳基或C5-C9杂芳基;
G14是C1-C4烷基或含有2-4个碳原子的脂肪族羧酸的酰基或苯甲酰;
G55是H、CH3或苯基;
G66是-CN或式-COOR4或-CH2-O-G14的基团;
R4是氢或C1-C8烷基;
L是由丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、2,2-二甲基-丙烷、二甲苯形成的碳中心基团;
重要的是式IV或V的析出物,它们是纯烃。
式IV或V的析出物可以用作两种功能,即作为反应物和作为反应的溶剂。反应也可以使用惰性溶剂或无机溶剂进行。如果烃含有在本方法中是反应性的非当量的碳-氢键,则可能形成产物混合物。例如,环己烷可以只产生一种产物,而异戊烷则可以产生三种不同的反应产物。
通常,式IV或V的化合物用其最活泼的脂肪族碳-氢键反应。
可以使用溶剂,特别是如果式IV或V的烃在反应温度下是固体或者如果催化剂在烃中不是很可溶。惰性溶剂应该具有较不活泼的碳-氢键;通常惰性溶剂是乙腈、芳香烃如苯、氯苯、CCl4、醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、乙二醇一甲基醚),或者特别是对于与活化的烃如烷基化的aromats或烯烃反应,可以使用烷烃如己烷、癸烷等,或者它们的混合物。无机溶剂如水也是可能的。反应可以在一种液相中或者在分开的多相中进行。
当除了铜催化剂以外还使用相转移催化剂如季铵盐或膦盐时,可以获得良好的结果。优选地,季铵或膦的卤化物如氯化物或溴化物可以用于该目的。铵或膦阳离子的结构不太重要;通常季铵或膦阳离子含有4个结合到中心氮或磷原子上的4个烃残基,它们可以是例如烷基、苯基烷基、或苯基基团。一些容易得到的材料是四-C1-C12烷基化的。相转移催化剂优选的加入量为0.0001-0.5,尤其是0.001-0.1摩尔当量/摩尔硝酰基部分。
在本发明的方法中所用的铜催化剂主要以溶解状态存在。其通常是处于氧化还原体系Cu+/Cu2+或Cu0/Cu+的低氧化态的可氧化络合离子。
离子的电荷由在过渡金属配位化学中通常已知的阴离子配体来平衡,如氢负离子(H-)或得自无机或有机酸的阴离子,实例是卤化物,例如F-、Cl-、Br-或I-,BF4 -、PF6 -、SbF6 -或AsF6 -型的含氟络合物,含氧酸、醇化物或烃化物的阴离子,或者环戊二烯的阴离子。
含氧酸的阴离子是例如硫酸根、磷酸根、高氯酸根、过溴酸根、高碘酸根、锑酸根、砷酸根、硝酸根、碳酸根,C1-C8羧酸的阴离子如甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、苯甲酸根、苯基乙酸根、一、二或三氯-或-氟代乙酸根,磺酸根如甲基磺酸根、乙基磺酸根、丙基磺酸根、丁基磺酸根、三氟甲基磺酸盐(triflate)、未取代的或者C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基或卤代-、特别是氟基、氯基或溴基取代的苯磺酸根或苯甲磺酸根,例如甲苯磺酸根、甲磺酸根、对溴苯磺酸根、对甲氧基、或对乙氧基苯磺酸根、五氟苯磺酸根或2,4,6-三异丙基磺酸根,膦酸根例如甲基膦酸根、乙基膦酸根、丙基膦酸根、丁基膦酸根、苯基膦酸根、对甲基苯基膦酸根或苄基膦酸根,得自C1-C8羧酸的羧酸根,例如甲酸根、乙酸根、丙酸根、丁酸根、苯甲酸根、苯乙酸根、一、二或三氯-或-氟代乙酸根,以及C1-C12醇化物,如直链或支链C1-C12醇化物,例如甲醇化物或乙醇化物。氧化物也是可能的。
阴离子配体和中性配体也可以存在,最高达配位阳离子的优选配位数,尤其是4、5或6。另外的负电荷可以被阳离子平衡,尤其是一价阳离子如Na+、K+、NH4 +或(C1-C4烷基)4N+。
合适的中性配体是过渡金属配位化学中通常已知的无机或有机中性配体。它们通过σ-、π-、μ-、η-型键合或其任意组合配位到金属离子,数量最高到络合阳离子的优选配位数。合适的无机配体选自水(H2O)、氨基、氮、一氧化碳和亚硝酰基。合适的有机配体选自膦如(C6H5)3P、(i-C3H7)3P、(C5H9)3P或(C6H11)3P,二、三、四胺和羟基胺如乙二胺、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)盐、N,N-二甲基-N′,N′-双(2-二甲基氨乙基)-乙二胺(Me6TREN)、儿茶酚、N,N′-二甲基-1,2-苯二胺、2-(甲氨基)苯酚、3-(甲氨基)-2-丁醇或N,N′-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)-1,2-乙烷二胺、N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基二乙基三胺(PMDETA)、C1-C8-二元醇或甘油酯,例如乙二醇或丙二醇或其衍生物,例如,二、三或四甘醇二甲醚,以及单齿或双齿杂环电子供体配体。
杂环电子供体配体例如得自选自呋喃、噻吩、吡咯、吡啶、双-吡啶、吡啶甲基亚胺、g-吡喃、g-噻喃、菲咯啉、嘧啶、双-嘧啶、吡嗪、吲哚、苯并呋喃、硫茚、咔唑、氧芴、硫芴、吡唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、唑、噻唑、双-噻唑、异恶唑、异噻唑、喹啉、双-喹啉、异喹啉、双-异喹啉、吖啶、苯并吡喃、吩嗪、吩恶嗪、吩噻嗪、三嗪、噻蒽、嘌呤、双-咪唑和双-恶唑的未取代或取代的杂芳烃。
催化剂可以在单独的预反应步骤中由其配体形成或者优选的是由其过渡金属盐原位形成,例如Cu(I)Cl,其然后通过加入与络合物催化剂中存在的配体相应的化合物转化成络合物,例如加入乙二胺、EDTA、Me6TREN或PMDETA。这些配体络合物是商品或者可以通过把金属盐与配体混合而原位形成。配体量可以小于根据其氧化态完全络合金属所需的量。金属盐或金属-配体络合物可以束缚到固体载体上,如硅胶上,因此其可以被回收并再利用。
优选的是一种其中活性催化剂是Cu(I)络合离子,特别是在Cu(I)/Cu(II)体系中的方法。
本方法可以在空气或惰性气氛如氮或氩中进行。本方法可以在大气压以及减压或高压下进行。高压在与烃的反应中是特别有用的,所述烃在大气压和反应温度下是气态的;在这种情况下,压力/温度条件是有利的,其中烃形成液相或者至少部分溶解在合适的溶剂中。
存在本方法的多种变化。一种变化涉及向N-烃氧基受阻胺、烃和助溶剂(如果使用)以及已经加热到希望的反应温度的催化剂的混合物中加入有机氢过氧化物溶液。通过控制过氧化物加入速度和/或通过使用加热或冷却浴保持合适的温度。在加入氢过氧化物以后,适当搅拌反应混合物,直至起始的式III的N-烃氧基化合物消失,或者不再转变成式I和/或II的化合物。可以通过本领域已知的方法监测反应,例如UV-Vis光谱、薄层色谱、气相色谱或液相色谱。当反应进行时,可以加入另一部分催化剂。在已经向反应混合物中加入最初的氢过氧化物装料以后,可以滴加更多的氢过氧化物,使反应进行完全。
本方法的第二种变化是向烃、助溶剂(如果使用)和催化剂的混合物中同时加入氢过氧化物和硝酰基化合物各自的溶液。硝酰基化合物可以溶解在水或反应所用的醇溶剂中。一些硝酰基化合物可以在开始加入过氧化物之前引入到反应混合物中,并且所有的硝酰基化合物应该在完成过氧化物加入之前加入。
本方法的另一种变化包括向硝酰基化合物、烃和助溶剂(如果使用)的混合物中同时加入氢过氧化物和催化剂的水溶液或醇溶液各自的溶液。一些金属可以在开始过氧化物加入之前引入到反应混合物中。
本方法的另一种变化是向烃和助溶剂(如果使用)中同时加入氢过氧化物、硝酰基化合物的水或醇溶液、和催化剂的水或醇溶液的各自溶液。一部分硝酰基化合物和/或催化剂可以在开始氢过氧化物加入之前引入到反应混合物中。所有的硝酰基化合物应该在完成氢过氧化物加入之前加入。
如果原位制备铜-配体络合物,则金属盐和配体在与硝酰基化合物接触之前要最有效地混合。
在反应结束时,在分离任何产物之前,应该仔细地分解残余的氢过氧化物。
m为0或1;
R1是氢、羟基或羟甲基;
R2是氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基或2-12个碳原子的烯基;
n为1-4;
当n为1时,
R3是1-18个碳原子的烷基,4-18个碳原子的烷氧基羰基亚烷基羰基,2-18个碳原子的烯基,缩水甘油基、2,3-二羟丙基、2-羟基或2-(羟甲基)取代的3-12个碳原子的烷基,该烷基被氧中断,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基;
当n为2时,R3是2-18个碳原子的亚烷基、含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族二羧酸的二价酰基、含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基、或者含有8-15个碳原子的芳族二羧酸的二价酰基;
当n为3时,
R3是含有6-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族三羧酸的三价酰基,或者含有9-15个碳原子的芳族三羧酸的三价酰基;
当n为4时,
R3是脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族四羧酸的四价酰基,尤其是1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸、1,2,3,4-丁-2-烯四羧酸、1,2,3,5-戊烷四羧酸和1,2,4,5-戊烷四羧酸,或者R3是含有10-18个碳原子的芳族四羧酸的四价酰基;
p为1-3,
R4是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
当p为1时,
R5是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、含有7-15个碳原子的芳族羧酸的酰基,或者R4和R5结合在一起是-(CH2)5CO-、邻苯二甲酰或者马来酸的二价酰基;
当p为2时,
R5是2-12个碳原子的亚烷基、含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基、含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基、或者含有8-15个碳原子的芳族二羧酸的二价酰基;
当p为3时,
R5是含有6-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族三羧酸的三价酰基,或者含有9-15个碳原子的芳族三羧酸的三价酰基;
当n为1时,
R6是1-18个碳原子的烷氧基、2-18个碳原子的烯氧基、1-18个碳原子的-NH烷基或者2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2,
当n为2时,
R6是2-18个碳原子的亚烷基二氧基、2-18个碳原子的亚烯基二氧基、2-18个碳原子的-NH-亚烷基-NH-或2-18个碳原子的-N(烷基)-亚烷基-N(烷基)-,或者R6是4-甲基-1,3-苯二氨基,
当n为3时,
R6是含有3-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族三醇的三价烷氧基,
当n为4时,
R6是含有4-18个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族四醇的四价烷氧基,
R7和R8独立地是氯,1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,-O-T1,被2-羟乙基取代的氨基,1-18个碳原子的-NH(烷基),带有1-18个碳原子烷基的-N(烷基)T1,或者2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2,
R9是氧,或者R9是被氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基或T1取代的氮,
T1是:
R10是氢或甲基,
q为2-8,
R13是氢,苯基,1-12个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,1-12个碳原子的烷氧基,被苯基取代的1-4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,5-8个碳原子的环烷基,5-8个碳原子的环烯基,2-12个碳原子的烯基,缩水甘油基,烯丙氧基,1-4个碳原子的直链或支链羟烷基,或独立地被氢、苯基、1-4个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基三次取代的甲硅烷基或甲硅烷氧基;
R14是氢或独立地被氢、苯基、1-4个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基三次取代的甲硅烷基或甲硅烷氧基;
d为0或1;
h为0-4;
k为0-5;
x为3-6;
y为1-10;
z是使得化合物的分子量为1000-4000amu的整数,例如,z可以为3-10;
R15是吗啉基,哌啶基,1-哌嗪基,1-8个碳原子的烷氨基,特别是3-8个碳原子的支链烷氨基如叔辛氨基,带有1-8个碳原子烷基的-N(烷基)T1,或者2-16个碳原子的-N(烷基)2,
R16是氢,2-4个碳原子的酰基,被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的氨基甲酰,被氯一次取代并且被R15一次取代的仲-三嗪基,或者被R15两次取代的仲-三嗪基,条件是两个R15取代基可以不同;
R17是氯、被1-8个碳原子的烷基或被T1取代的氨基、带有1-8个碳原子烷基的-N(烷基)T,2-16个碳原子的-N(烷基)2,或基团T3:
R18是氢、2-4个碳原子的酰基、被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的氨基甲酰、被2-16个碳原子的-N(烷基)2两次取代的仲-三嗪基或由带有1-8个碳原子烷基的-N(烷基)T1两次取代的仲-三嗪基;
在式(16)-(28)中,R1、R2、R7、R8、R9、R10、R13、R14、d、h、k、m、q和T1具有与在式(1)-(15)中相同的意义;
R19是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基、2-18个碳原子的烯基、缩水甘油基、2,3-二羟丙基、2-羟基或2-(羟甲基)取代的3-12个碳原子的烷基,该烷基被氧中断,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基;
R20是2-18个碳原子的亚烷基,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基,或者含有8-15个碳原子的芳族二羧酸的二价酰基;
R21是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
R22是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基,含2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-15个碳原子的芳族羧酸的酰基,或者R4和R5在一起为-(CH2)5CO-、邻苯二甲酰或马来酸的二价酰基;
R23是氢,1-4个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
R24是2-18个碳原子的亚烷基,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族二羧酸或二氨基甲酸的二价酰基,或者含有8-15个碳原子的芳族二羧酸的二价酰基;
R25是1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,2-18个碳原子的烯氧基,1-18个碳原子的-NH烷基或2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2,
R26是2-18个碳原子的亚烷二氧基,2-18个碳原子的亚烯二氧基、2-18个碳原子的-NH-亚烷基-NH-或3-18个碳原子的-N(烷基)-亚烷基-N(烷基)-。
E是优选由C7-C11苯基烷烃,特别是甲苯、乙苯、异丙苯;或C5-C12环烷烃,尤其是环己烷;C5-C12环烯烃、特别是环己烯、或C3-C8烯烃,特别是丙烯;或者被C1-C4烷基和另一个选自C1-C4烷氧基、缩水甘油基或缩水甘油氧基取代基取代的苯形成的碳中心基团。
L是优选由丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、2,2-二甲基-丙烷、二甲苯、二乙苯形成的碳中心基团。
优选地,在化合物E-H或H-L-H中的反应中心是活化的碳-氢键,例如其碳连接到推电子性官能团或者能稳定在碳-氢键断裂后形成的基团的官能团。吸电子基团如果在E-H或H-L-H中存在,优选的是不直接连接到反应性中心。
G1和G2各自独立地是甲基或乙基;
G3是C2-C8烯基;由苯基、C1-C4烷基-苯基、环己基、C1-C4烷基-环己基或COX′G8取代的C2-C8烯基;或者G3是OG10;或者是含有3-12个碳原子的碳结合的5或6元的未取代或烷基取代的杂环残基,尤其是总共5个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G4是如对G3所定义的,或者是C1-C8烷基,假定当G3是C2-烯基时,G4不是甲基;或者G3和G4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成Ph-CH-CN,或者形成碳结合的5,尤其是6元未取代的或者可能烷基取代的总共含有3-12个碳原子的不饱和杂环残基,尤其是总共5个碳原子,其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G7是H;或者G6和G7一起是=O或式-O-CH2-C(R1)(R2)-(CH2)m-O-的残基;
G8是氢或C1-C8烷基或C2-C8羟烷基,尤其是C1-C6烷基;
G′8是氢或C1-C8烷基或C2-C8羟烷基或C2-C8烯基;G10是C1-C18烷基;被苯基或C1-C12烷基,C1-C12烷氧基和/或OH取代的苯基取代的C1-C8烷基;苯基;C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、OH取代的苯基;或者是碳结合的5或6元未取代的或烷基取代的含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G15是H或甲基;
G17是H;
或者G16和G17一起是=O或者式-O-CH2-C(R1)(R2)-(CH2)m-O-的残基;
G18是H或甲基或=O;
Ph是苯基或者被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素和/或硝基取代的苯基;
m是0或1;
R1是氢、C1-C4烷基、羟基或羟甲基;
R2是氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基或2-12个碳原子的烯基;
R3是1-18个碳原子的烷基,4-8个碳原子的烷氧羰基亚烷基羰基,2-18个碳原子的烯基,缩水甘油基,2,3-二羟丙基,2-羟基或2-(羟甲基)取代的3-12个碳原子的烷基,该烷基被氧中断,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基;
R4是氢,1-18个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
R5是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基,或者R4和R5在一起为-(CH2)5CO-、邻苯二甲酰或马来酸的二价酰基;
R6是1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,2-18个碳原子的烯氧基,1-18个碳原子的-NH烷基或2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R7和R8独立地是氯,1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,被2-羟乙基取代的氨基,1-18个碳原子的-NH(烷基),或者2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R9是氧,或者R9是被氢或1-12个碳原子的烷基取代的氮,
R13是独立地被氢、苯基、1-4个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基三次取代的甲硅烷基或者甲硅烷氧基;
R30是H、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、C3-C18烷氧基烷基;
X′是O或NG8;
Y-Z是>C(G17)G16或O或>N-R30。
本发明的另一个目的是式XVII或XVIII的化合物:其中:
G1和G2和G3各自独立地是甲基或乙基;
G20是,C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基,尤其是C1-C12烷基;
G21和G22各自独立地是氢、卤素、C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基;
G23是烃氧基、OH或OE,这里E是如权利要求1所定义的;
G24是甲基、乙基或苯基。
G1和G2各自独立地是甲基或乙基;
G3是C2-C8烯基;由苯基、C1-C4烷基-苯基、环己基、C1-C4烷基-环己基或COX′G8取代的C2-C8烯基;OG10;或者是碳结合的5或6元的未取代或烷基取代的含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G4是如对G3所定义的,或者是C1-C18烷基;
或者G3和G4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成碳结合的5或6元未取代的或者烷基取代的含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G5是氢;
G7是H;
或者G6和G7一起是=O或式-O-CH2-C(R1)(R2)-(CH2)m-O-的残基;
G8是氢或C1-C8烷基或C2-C8羟烷基;
G10是C1-C18烷基;被苯基或C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基和/或OH取代的苯基取代的C1-C18烷基;苯基;被C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、OH取代的苯基;或者是碳结合的5或6元未取代的或烷基取代的含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
m是0或1;
R1是氢、羟基或羟甲基;
R2是氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基或2-12个碳原子的烯基;
R3是1-18个碳原子的烷基,4-18个碳原子的烷氧羰基亚烷基羰基,2-18个碳原子的烯基,缩水甘油基,2,3-羟丙基,2-羟基或2-(羟甲基)取代的3-12个碳原子的烷基,该烷基被氧中断,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基;
R4是氢,1-18个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
R5是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基,或者R4和R5在一起为-(CH2)5CO-、邻苯二甲酰或马来酸的二价酰基;
R6是1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,2-18个碳原子的烯氧基,1-18个碳原子的-NH烷基或2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R7和R8独立地是氯,1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,被2-羟乙基取代的氨基,1-18个碳原子的-NH(烷基),或者2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R9是氧,或者R9是被氢或1-12个碳原子的烷基取代的氮,
R13是独立地被氢、苯基、1-4个碳原子的烷基或1-4个碳原子的烷氧基三次取代的甲硅烷基或者甲硅烷氧基;
X′是O或NH;
优选的化合物是其中碳结合的5或6元环未取代或烷基取代的含3-12个碳原子且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基是吡啶基;呋喃基;二或四氢呋喃基;吡喃基;二或四氢吡喃基;二噁烷基;或者被C1-C4烷基取代的这些残基之一的化合物。进一步优选的是如以上对式A所述的。
使用式A和XV的化合物的优点是稳定有机材料抵抗光、氧和/或热的损坏作用,特别是稳定合成有机聚合物或含有其的组合物。它们的高热稳定性、基质相容性和在基质中的良好持久性是值得注意的。可以用这种方式稳定的聚合物的实例如下:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯,聚乙烯(其任选可以交联),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即在前段举例说明的单烯烃的聚合物,优选的是聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可以通过不同的并且尤其是通过以下方法来制备:
a)自由基聚合(通常在高压高温下)
b)使用催化剂的催化聚合,所述催化剂通常含有一种或多种
在元素周期表中IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族的金属。这些金属通常
具有一个或一个以上的配体,通常是氧化物、卤化物、醇化物、
酯、醚、胺、烷基、烯基和/或芳基,其可以是π-或σ-配位的。这
些金属络合物可以是游离形式的,或者固定在基质上的,通常在
活化的氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或二氧化硅上。这些催化剂
可以溶解或不溶解在聚合介质中。可以在聚合过程中使用催化剂
本身,或者可能使用其它活化剂,通常是烷基金属、金属氢化物、
烷基金属卤化物、烷基金属氧化物或烷基金属环氧乙烷,所述金
属是元素周期表的Ia、IIa和/或IIIa的元素。活化剂还可以用
其它酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团方便地改性的。这些催化剂体
系通常称为Phillips、Standard Oil Indiana、Ziegler(-
Natta)、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂、或单中心催化剂(SSC)。
2.在1)下提到的聚合物的混合物,例如,聚丙烯与聚异丁烯、聚丙烯与聚乙烯(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)的混合物和不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃相互之间或与其它乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如,乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其混合物与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/丁-1-共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯聚合物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物以及它们与一氧化碳的共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离子聚合物)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基-降冰片烯的三元共聚物;和这些共聚物相互之间和与以上1)中提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物,LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA),LLDPE/EVA,LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其它聚合物如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化的改性(例如胶粘剂)和聚亚烷基与淀粉的混合物。
5.聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯与二烯或丙烯酸衍生物的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/马来酸酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;高冲击强度苯乙烯共聚物与另一种聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的混合物;和苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。
7.苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如,苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上、苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯上或者聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酸酐在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在聚丁二烯上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上;以及它们与在6)中列出的共聚物的混合物上,例如称为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物,如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶、异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤丁橡胶)、氯化或氯磺化的聚乙烯、乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含卤素乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯,及其共聚物如氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.得自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈、用丙烯酸丁酯改进抗冲击性的。
10.在9)中提及的单体相互之间或与其它不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/卤乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.得自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或乙缩醛的聚合物,例如,聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基丁缩醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;以及它们与以上1)中提及的烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物如聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧丙烷或其与双缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛如聚氧化亚甲基和含有环氧乙烷作为共聚单体的聚氧化亚甲基;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和硫醚,如聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.得自一端是羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯,另一端是脂肪族或芳族聚异氰酸酯的聚氨酯,及其前驱体。
16.得自二胺和二羧酸和/或的自氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、由间二甲苯二胺和己酸获得的芳族聚酰胺;由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备的并且有或没有弹性体作为改性剂的聚酰胺,例如,聚2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺;以及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离子聚合物或化学结合或接枝弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或者与聚醚的嵌段共聚物,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚丁二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;和在加工过程中缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-二酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18.得自二羧酸和二醇和/或得自羟基羧酸或相应的内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚对苯二甲酸1,4-二甲酰基环己酯和聚羟基苯甲酯,以及得自羟基封端的醚的嵌段共聚醚酯;以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
21.得自一端为醛且另一端为苯酚、脲和三聚氰胺的交联聚合物,例如苯酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和三聚氰胺/甲醛树脂。
22.干燥和未干燥的醇酸树脂。
23.得自饱和和不饱和二羧酸与作为交联剂的多元醇和乙烯基化合物的共聚酯的不饱和聚酯树脂,及其低可燃性的含卤素改性物。
24.得自取代的丙烯酸酯的可交联丙烯酸树脂,例如环氧丙烯酸酯树脂,尿素丙烯酸酯树脂或聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂。
25.用三聚氰胺树脂、尿素树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、聚异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂。
26.得自脂肪族、脂环族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物的交联环氧树脂,例如双酚A和双酚F的二缩水甘油醚产物,其用传统的硬化剂如酸酐或胺交联,用或不用加速剂。
27.上述聚合物的混合物(高分子共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA 6.6和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
特别有意义的是使用式XV的化合物作为合成有机聚合物的稳定剂,例如涂料或本体聚合物或由其形成的制品,特别是在热塑性聚合物和相应的组合物以及在涂料组合物中。在目前的组合物中最重要的热塑性聚合物是聚烯烃和它们的共聚物,例如在以上1-3项中所列出的,热塑性聚烯烃(TPO),热塑性聚氨酯(TPU),热塑性橡胶(TPR)、聚碳酸酯,如在以上19项中所列出的,和共混物,如在以上28项中所列出的。最重要的是聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)和聚碳酸酯共混物如PC/ABS共混物,以及在酸或金属催化的涂料组合物中。
一般来说,本发明的化合物以0.1-10%,优选的是0.01-5%,特别是0.01-2%(按待稳定的物料计)的量加入到待稳定的物料中。特别优选的是使用用量为0.05-1.5%,尤其是0.1-0.5%的新化合物。当本发明的化合物用作阻燃剂时,用量通常更高,例如为待稳定和阻燃的有机材料重量的0.1-25重量%,主要为0.1-10重量%。
在可聚合组合物中用作聚合调节剂或引发剂,优选的是该调节剂/引发剂化合物的用量为0.01摩尔%-30摩尔%,优选的是0.1摩尔%-20摩尔%,最优选的是0.5摩尔%-10摩尔%,按单体或单体混合物计。
向物料中的引入例如可以通过本领域传统的方法混入或加入式A或XV的化合物来进行,并且如果希望,可以加入其它添加剂。在涉及聚合物,尤其是合成的聚合物时,可以在成型操作之前或过程中进行引入,或者通过把溶解的或分散的化合物被覆到聚合物上,随后蒸发溶剂或不蒸发溶剂。在弹性体的情况下,这些也可以被稳定成胶乳。向聚合物中引入式XV的化合物的另一种可能性是在相应的单体聚合前、聚合过程中或聚合后立即加入,或者在交联前加入。在本文中,式XV的化合物可以按其原样加入或者以包封的形式加入(例如在蜡、油或聚合物中)。在聚合之前或聚合过程中加入的情况下,式XV的化合物也可以作为聚合物链长的调节剂(链终止剂)。
式XV的化合物也可以以含有所述化合物的母料形式加入到待稳定的聚合物中,在所述母料中,该化合物的浓度例如为2.5-25重量%。
式XV的化合物可以通过以下方法明智地引入:
-以乳液或分散体形式(例如到胶乳或乳液聚合物中)
-在混入其它组分中或聚合物混合物中的过程中,以干混合物的形式,
-通过直接引入到加工设备中(例如挤出机、内混机等),
-以溶液或熔体形式。
新聚合物组合物可以以各种形式使用和/或加工获得各种产品,例如以(获得)薄膜、纤维、带、模塑组合物、型材或用于涂料材料的结合剂、粘结剂或腻子形式。
除了式XV的化合物以外,作为附加的成分C,新组合物可以包含一种或多种传统添加剂,例如以下说明的那些。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1烷基化一元酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲酚2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲酚、2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲酚、2,4,6-三环己基酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲酚、在侧链中是直链或支链的壬酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一-1′基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1′基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷基硫代甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基硬脂酸酯、双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)己二酸酯。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化硫代二苯基醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双-(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)硫醚。
1.6.亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)-苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基-苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷、2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丙烷。
1.7.O-、N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯、十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
1.8.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如二(十八烷基)-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十八烷基-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-丙二酸酯、二-十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如,1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如,2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯,例如,二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸的一乙基酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰氨基苯酚,例如,4-羟基月桂酰基苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰基苯胺、辛基N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙炔酸与一元醇或多元醇 的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙炔酸与一元醇或多元 醇的酯,例如,与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙炔酸与一元醇或多元醇 的酯,例如,与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.16. 3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一元醇或多元醇的酯,例如,与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.17.β-(3.5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙炔酸的酰胺,例如,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙炔酰基)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)亚丙基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙炔酰基)酰肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙炔酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(由Uniroyal供应的NaugardXL-1)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺类抗氧化剂,例如,N,N′-二异丙基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二仲丁基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基苯基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基苯基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-对苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰基)二苯胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基-对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化的二苯胺,例如p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰氨基苯酚、4-壬酰氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化的N-苯基-1-萘胺、一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、一和二烷基化的壬基二苯胺的混合物、一和二烷基化的十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、一和二烷基化的异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、一和二烷基化的叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、一和二烷基化的叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、一和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基-六亚甲基二胺、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1. 2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,例如,2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯代-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯代-苯并三唑、2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氨代-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯代-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯代一苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2一甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑、2,2′-亚甲基-双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与乙二醇300的酯基转移产物;
,其中,R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2′-羟基-3′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑、2-[2′-羟基-3′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如,4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代或未取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如,4-叔丁基一苯基水杨酸酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯,例如,α-氰-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲酯基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5.镍化合物,例如,2,2′-硫代-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,如1∶1或1∶2的络合物,有或没有另外的配体如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,一烷基酯的镍盐,例如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的甲酯或乙酯,酮肟的镍络合物,例如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物,1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,有或没有另外的配体。
2.6.位阻胺,例如,癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛氨基-2,6-二氯代-1,3,5-三嗪的直链或环状缩合物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮(piperazinone))、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯代-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、2-氯代-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯代-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺环[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯代-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯代-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合产物(CAS Reg.No.[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺环[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺环[4,5]癸烷与表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双-甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基-丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧代-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃-共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物、2,4-双[N-(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-N-丁氨基]-6-(2-羟乙基)氨基-1,3,5-三嗪。
2.7.草酰胺,例如,4,4′-二辛氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁草酰替苯胺、2,2′-双十二烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨丙基)草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙草酰替苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁草酰替苯胺、邻和对甲氧基双取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物,邻和对异样基双取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物。
2.8.2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如,2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双-(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基-苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基-丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[1-辛氧基羰基-乙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(4-苯基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其中,辛基部分是不同异构体的混合物。
3.金属碱活化剂,例如,N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰基肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰基氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(苯亚甲基)草酰基二酰肼、草酰替苯胺、间苯二酰二酰肼、癸二酰双苯基酰肼、N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)草酰基二酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰基二酰肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如,亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二亚磷酸二硬脂酰基季戊四醇酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二异癸氧基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、三亚磷酸三硬酯酰基山梨醇酯、4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯基[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin、6-氟代-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯基[d,g]1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯基-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯。
特别优选的是以下亚磷酸酯:
亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(Irgafos168,Ciba-Geigy)、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,
5.羟胺,例如,N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二(十四烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十六烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十八烷基)羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、得自氢化的牛油胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6.硝酮,例如,N-苄基-α-苯基-硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基-硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基-硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基-硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基-硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基-硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基-硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基-硝酮、得自由氢化的牛油胺衍生的N,N-二烷基羟胺基的硝酮。
7.硫代协和剂,硫代二丙酸二月桂酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯。
8.过氧化物捕捉剂,例如,β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基、硬酯酰基、肉豆蔻基或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基苯甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)二硫化物、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
9.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如,与碘化物组合的铜盐和/或磷化合物及二价锰盐。
10.碱性共稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、氰脲酸三烯丙酯、尿素衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山嵛酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾,焦儿茶酚锑或焦儿茶酚锌。
11.成核剂,例如,无机物如滑石、金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选的是碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如单或多羧酸及其盐,例如,4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合物如离子共聚物(离聚物)。
12.填料和增强剂,例如,碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、石棉、滑石、高领土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木粉或其它天然产品的粉或纤维、合成纤维。
13.其它添加剂,例如,增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变添加剂、催化剂、流动控制剂、光学增白剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
14.苯并呋喃酮和吲哚酮,例如,在U.S.4,325,863、U.S.4,338,244、U.S.5,175,312、U.S.5,216,052、U.S.5,252,643、DE-A-4316611、DE-A-4316622、DE-A-4316876、EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102中所公开的那些或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)-苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮。
传统的添加剂按被稳定的材料计以0.1-10重量%的用量合适地使用,例如0.2-5重量%。
以下实施例仅用于说明,并且无论如何不能认为限制本发明。如果不另外说明,所给出的百分数通常是重量百分数。所用的缩写:
min.: 分钟;
HPLC: 高压液相色谱分析;
GC: 气相色谱分析。
实施例1:
的制备
在60℃搅拌0.85ml的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-丙氧基吡啶、4.67ml的过氧化氢丁酯在癸烷中的53.4%溶液、和25mg CuCl2(在乙醇中的1%溶液;催化剂∶硝酰基比例=1∶2000{摩尔/摩尔})和4.95g乙基苯的混合物。在60min.后,通过把该混合物倒入30ml 10%Na2SO3水溶液中来终止反应。用总共20ml乙酸乙酯把烧瓶洗两次,并把其加入到水/反应混合物中。分离有机层并用总共40ml水洗两次。溶剂的蒸馏产生1.46g(理论值的97%)上述产物(纯度95%,GC)。
实施例2:
的制备
在60℃搅拌0.85ml的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-丙氧基吡啶、4.67ml的过氧化氢丁酯在癸烷中的53.4%溶液、25mg CuCl2(在乙醇中的1%溶液)和3.83g环己烯的混合物。在12min.后,如实施例1所述终止反应并回收产物。溶剂的蒸馏产生1.05g(理论值的95%)上述产物(纯度大于98%,GC)。
实施例3:
的制备
在60℃搅拌0.85ml的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-丙氧基吡啶、4.67ml的过氧化氢丁酯在癸烷中的53.4%溶液、100mg CuCl2(在乙醇中的1%溶液)和3.92g环己烷的混合物。在200min.后,如实施例1所述终止反应并回收产物。溶剂的蒸馏产生0.90g(理论值的81%)上述产物。
向0.53ml的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-丙氧基吡啶(=1当量)、2.92ml的过氧化氢丁酯在癸烷中的53.4%溶液(6当量)、和3.96ml的4-缩水甘油氧基-1-乙基苯(10当量)、10-1当量的下表中表示的催化剂的混合物中,加入在乙醇中的1% b.w.溶液。为了比较,实施例7和8使用铁代替铜催化剂进行。在60℃按标明的反应时间搅拌该混合物。随后,通过把该混合物倒入30ml的10%Na2SO3水溶液来终止反应。用总共20ml乙酸乙酯把烧瓶洗两次,并把其加入到水/反应混合物中。分离有机层并用总共40ml水洗两次。通过蒸馏分离以上产物;催化剂、反应时间和产率在下表1中给出。
表1:使用铜或铁催化剂的产率和反应时间实施例 催化剂 反应时间 产率4 CuCl 20min. 85%5 CuCl 20min. 85%6 CuCl2 20min. 83%7(对比) FeCl2 180min. 5%8(对比) FeBr3 180min. 6%
使用铜催化剂可以获得许多优点是明显的。
把0.85ml的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-丙氧基吡啶、4.67ml的过氧化氢丁酯在癸烷中的53.4%溶液、25mg CuCl2(在乙醇中的1%溶液;催化剂∶离析物比例=1∶2000)和5.00g乙基吡啶的混合物在60℃搅拌2.5小时。把该反应混合物倒入30ml 10%Na2SO3水溶液中,分别用10ml乙酸乙酯把烧瓶洗两次,并把这些洗液加入到含水反应混合物中。分离有机层,并用水(2×20ml)洗两次,并且蒸馏产生1.46g(理论值的97%)上述产物,纯度为95%(GC)。
如实施例9所述进行反应,但是用6.26g烯丙基-苯基-醚代替4-乙基吡啶。这产生了1.56g(96%)的上述产物,纯度>98%(GC)。
实施例11:
如实施例9所述进行反应,但是用3.91g的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃代替4-乙基吡啶并在8分钟后终止反应。这产生了1.12g(100%)的上述产物。
实施例12:1-(1-苯基乙基)氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的制备
把0.5g(3.2毫摩尔;1当量)的1-烃氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(TEMPO)、1.24g的70%的过氧化氢丁酯水溶液(9.6毫摩尔;3当量)、如下表中所述的CuBr2催化剂和3.4g(32毫摩尔,10当量)乙基苯的混合物在60℃搅拌1小时。在一些制备中,加入0.032毫摩尔(0.01当量,相对于TEMPO)的如表中所示的相转移催化剂。按实施例1所述进行反应和研究。利用定量HPLC确定产率。
表:
的合成,用和不用相转移催化剂试验编号 CuBr2 相转移催化剂 产率1 0.357mg 无 35%2 0.357mg 10.3mg四丁基溴化铵 73%3 0.357mg 14.4mg三辛基-甲基溴化铵 78%4 7.15mg
铜催化剂的量:0.375mg是0.0016毫摩尔(0.0005当量);7.15mg是0.032毫摩尔(0.01当量,相对于TEMPO)。
本实施例表明,通过加入相转移催化剂或者通过大量增加铜催化剂的量,可以提高反应速度。
实施例13:2,6-二乙基-2,3,6-三甲基-1-(1-苯基-乙氧基)-哌啶
(101)
把2.4ml的13.4g CuCl2和4.24g LiCl在153ml乙醇中的溶液加入到29.75g(0.15mol)2,6-二乙基-2,3,6-三甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基(可以根据US 4 131 599获得)在92ml(0.75摩尔)的乙基苯溶液中。然后向在氩气下65℃的搅拌混合物中滴加28.7g(0.22摩尔)的过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)。然后在65-70℃搅拌该混合物,直至红色的硝基氧颜色消失(约3-4小时)。在冷却到20℃后,加入12g Na2S2O5在60ml水中的溶液。在进一步搅拌60分钟后,分离出有机相,用2×50ml的20%Na2CO3和2×50ml水洗涤,在MgSO4上干燥并且使用旋转蒸发器通过蒸发浓缩,产生了41.5g(91%)的无色油形式的标题化合物。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.3-7.2m(5H),4.75-4.68m(1H),2.13-0.53m(27H)。
实施例14:1,3,3-三甲基-2-(1-苯基-乙氧基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-
异喹啉-1-羧酸甲酯
a)1,3,3-三甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉-1-羧酸甲酯-2-烃氧基、111ml(0.67摩尔)的40%过乙酸在乙酸中的溶液在30分钟期间在10-20℃滴加到78g(0.334摩尔)的1,3,3-三甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉-1-羧酸甲酯(对于制备见Synthesis 677(1997))的300ml乙酸乙酯中的溶液中。把该混合物在20℃再搅拌13小时,然后用650ml水稀释。分离出有机相,用2×250ml水,然后用2×250ml的10%NaHCO3溶液洗涤,然后在MgSO4上干燥并使用旋转蒸发器通过蒸发浓缩。使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(2∶1)在1600g硅胶上进行的色谱分离和随后从己烷中的重结晶获得44.6g(54%)的橙色晶体形式的1,3,3-三甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉-1-羧酸甲酯-2-烃氧基,熔点为53-56℃。对于C14H18NO3,计算值:C 67.72%、H 7.31%、N 5.64%;测定值:C67.46%、H 7.28%、N 5.64%。
b)与实施例13类似,由2.5g(0.01摩尔)的1,3,3-三甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉-1-羧酸甲酯-2-烃氧基、20ml(0.163摩尔)的乙基苯、2.25g(0.017摩尔)过氧化氢丁酯(70%,在水中)和0.2ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II)溶液制备3.14g(89%)的实施例(a)的化合物。在使用基烷/乙酸乙酯(6∶1)在硅胶上的色谱分离之后获得无色树脂。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),2种非对映异构体的混合物:7.33-6.80m(9H),4.96-4.69m(1H),3.72-0.88m(17H)。
实施例15:1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2-(1-苯基-乙氧基)-2,3-二氢
-1.H.-异吲哚
a)1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚
把17.3g(0.05mol)of 1,1,3-三苯基-1.H.-异吲哚(对于制备,参见Zh.org.Khim.2449(1975))在氩气下缓慢加入到21.9g(1摩尔)的甲基锂在115ml四氢呋喃的搅拌溶液中。然后把该混合物在70℃加热5小时,随后在20℃搅拌12小时。然后加入100ml甲苯和80ml饱和NH4CI溶液,分离出有机相,用水洗涤并用旋转蒸发器蒸发浓缩。使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(49∶1)在250g硅胶上进行的残余物的色谱分离和随后从乙腈/甲醇中进行的重结晶获得了10.6g(58%)无色晶体形式的1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚,熔点为106-108℃。对于C27H23N,计算值:C 89.71%、H 6.41%、N 3.87%,测定值:C 89.67%、H 6.51%、N 3.80%。
b)1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基
把12.3g(0.05摩尔)间氯代过苯甲酸(70%)加入到9.05g(0.025mol)的1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚在60ml四氢呋喃中的溶液中。把该混合物在室温搅拌3小时,然后用50ml己烷和50ml乙酸乙酯稀释,用100ml的10%NaHCO3溶液洗涤三次,并使用旋转蒸发器蒸发浓缩。使用甲苯在150g硅胶上进行的残余物色谱分离和随后从己烷中进行的重结晶产生7.7g(82%)橙色晶体形式的1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基,熔点为119-124℃。对于C27H22NO,计算值:C 86.14%、H 5.89%、N 3.72%,测定值:C 86.18%、H 5.89%、N 3.68%。
c)与实施例13类似,由2.26g(0.006摩尔)1-甲基-1,3,3-三苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基、20ml(0.163摩尔)乙基苯、2.53g(0.02摩尔)过氧化氢丁酯(70%,在水中)、0.2g四丁基溴化铵和0.25ml在实施例13所述的氯化铜(II),以无色晶体(戊烷)形式制备了2.2g(76%)的标题化合物,熔点124-141℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3),2种非对映异构体:7.95-6.66m(ArH),4.64-4.51m(1H),1.58s(Me),1.43s(Me),1.12d,J=9Hz,(Me),0.86d,J=9Hz,(Me)。
实施例16:1,1,3,3-四苯基-2-1-苯基-乙氧基)-2,3-二氢-1.H.-
异吲哚
a)1,1,3,3-四苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基
把22g(0.089摩尔)间氯代过苯甲酸(70%)加入到9.5g(0.022摩尔)的1,1,3,3-四苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚(对于制备,参见J.Org.Chem.461(1969))在85ml四氢呋喃中的溶液中。把该混合物在室温搅拌46小时,然后用50ml甲苯和50ml乙酸乙酯稀释,用100ml的10% NaHCO3溶液洗涤两次,并用旋转蒸发器蒸发浓缩。把残余物再溶解在100ml四氢呋喃中并用另外的10g(0.04摩尔)间氯代过苯甲酸在20小时期间内氧化。在加入100ml甲苯后,把该残余物用100ml的10%NaHCO3洗涤两次,在MgSO4上干燥并通过蒸发浓缩。残余物从甲苯/二氯甲烷中的结晶产生12.55g橙色晶体形式的1,1,3,3-四苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基,熔点为250-253℃。对于C32H24NO,计算值:C 87.64%、H 5.52%、N 3.19%;测定值:C 87.46%、H 5.58%、N 3.37%。
b)与实施例13类似,由2.2g(0.005摩尔)的1,1,3,3-四苯基-2,3-二氢-1.H.-异吲哚-2-烃氧基、20ml(0.163摩尔)的乙基苯、2.1g(0.016摩尔)的过氧化氢丁酯(70%,在水中)、0.2g四丁基溴化铵和0.2ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II)溶液,以无色晶体(己烷)形式制备了2.39g(88%)的标题化合物104,熔点166-171℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.75-6.56m(29H),4.75-4.68q,J=9Hz,(1H),1.58s(Me),0.97d,J=9Hz,(Me)。
实施例17:苯基-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧基)-乙酸甲酯
把4.2ml(0.03摩尔)的过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)和0.4ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II)溶液加入到3.15g(0.02摩尔)的2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基在14ml(0.1摩尔)的苯基乙酸甲酯中的溶液中。然后把该混合物在60℃在氩气下搅拌,直至硝基氧的红色消失(约5小时)。在冷却到室温后,加入3g Na2S2O5在25ml水中的溶液,并且把该混合物再剧烈搅拌10分钟。然后分离出有机相,并在0.1毫巴把过量的苯基乙酸甲酯蒸馏出来。把残余物在100g硅胶上使用己烷/乙酸乙酯(20∶1)色谱分离,然后从己烷中重结晶产生3.65g(59%)无色晶体形式的标题化合物,熔点为83-86℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.45-7.26m(5H),5.21s(1H),3.65s(Me),1.64-1.28m(6H),1.23s(Me),1.14s(Me),1.07s(Me),0.72s(Me)。
实施例18:2,2-二甲基-丙酸1-(甲氧基羰基-苯基-甲氧基)-
2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯
与实施例17类似,由5.13g(0.02摩尔)的2,2-二甲基-丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯-1-烃氧基(由新戊酰氯和在吡啶中的2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基-哌啶-1-烃氧基制备,熔点94-97℃)、14ml(0.1摩尔)的苯基乙酸甲酯、4.2ml(0.03摩尔)过氧化氢丁酯(70%,在水中)和0.4ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II)溶液,以无色晶体形式获得4.42g(54%)的标题化合物,熔点为138-141℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.44-7.26m(5H),5.19s(1H),5.03-4.93m(1H),3.66s(Me),1.87-1.43m(4H),1.34s(Me),1.19s(Me),1.17s(Me),1.16s(t-Bu),0.76s(Me)。
实施例19:(4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧基)-苯基
-乙酸甲酯
与实施例17类似,由21.23g(0.1摩尔)的4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基、70.4ml(0.5摩尔)的苯基乙酸甲酯、20.6ml(0.15摩尔)过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)和2ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II),以无色晶体形式获得了21.5g(59%)的标题化合物,熔点为160-161℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.44-7.26m(5H),5.18s(1H),5.11s(1H),4.15-4.13m(1H),3.66s(Me),1.93s(Me),1.85-1.26m(4H),1.58s(Me),1.35s(Me),1.18s(Me),0.75s(Me)。
实施例20:(4-叔丁基-2,2-二乙基-6,6-二甲基-3-氧代-哌嗪-1-
基氧基)-苯基乙酸甲酯
与实施例17类似,由5.1g(0.02摩尔)的4-叔丁基-2,2-二乙基-6,6-二甲基-3-氧代-哌嗪-1-烃氧基(对于制备,参见Ger.Offen.DE 199 49 352 A1)、14ml(0.1摩尔)的苯基乙酸甲酯、4.2ml(0.03摩尔)叔丁基氢氧化物(70%在水中)和0.4ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(1I)溶液,以无色晶体形式获得4.9g(60%)的标题化合物,熔点为85-90℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.42-7.26m(5H),5.19-5.18bs(1H),3.68s(Me),3.11-2.95m(2H),1.39s(t-Bu),2.25-0.73m(16H)。
实施例21:(4-叔丁基-2,2-二乙基-6,6-二甲基-3-氧代-哌嗪-1-
基氧基)-苯基乙酸
把2g(0.0049摩尔)的实施例20的化合物加入到2g of KOH在15ml甲醇中的溶液中,并把该混合物在室温搅拌15小时。然后,使用旋转蒸发器蒸发浓缩,并把残余物溶解在15ml水中,用4ml HCI(32%)酸化。所得的沉淀物用抽吸过滤出来并从乙腈中重结晶产生1.2g(62%)无色晶体形式的标题化合物,熔点为125-133℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.41-7.26m(5H),5.19s(1H),3.07-2.99m(2H),1.43s(t-Bu),2.35-0.72m(16H)。
实施例22:苯基-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧基)-乙腈
与实施例17类似,由3.15g(0.02摩尔)的2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基,12ml(0.1摩尔)的苄基氰、4.2ml(0.03摩尔)的过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)和0.4ml在实施例13中所述的氯化铜(II)溶液,以无色晶体形式获得2.45g(45%)的标题化合物,熔点为33-36℃。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.48-7.25m(5H),5.55s(1H),1.66-1.35m(6H),1.45s(Me),1.16s(Me),1.08s(Me),1.00s(Me)。
实施例23:乙酸2-苯基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧基)-乙酯
把10g(0.064摩尔)的四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基、52.6g(0.32摩尔)的乙酸2-苯基乙酯、100mg溴化铜(I)、250mg四丁基溴化铵和16ml水在氮气下放在350ml磺化烧瓶中。在搅拌条件下,把该混合物加热到50℃,然后在50-55℃,在30分钟内滴加24.5g(0.19摩尔)过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)。然后在65-70℃搅拌该混合物,直至红色硝基氧消失(约8-10小时)。在冷却到20℃后,加入10g Na2S2O5在50ml水中。在继续搅拌60分钟,分离出有机相,用2×50ml 20%Na2CO3和2×50ml水洗涤并在MgSO4上干燥,在高真空下在80-90℃蒸馏出过量的乙酸2-苯基乙酯。从己烷中重结晶固体残余物产生8.6g(42%)白色晶体形式的标题化合物,其熔点为39-41℃。
实施例24:2,2-二甲基丙酸1-(2-乙酰氧基-1-苯基-乙氧基)-
2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯
与实施例23类似地制备该标题化合物。使20.0g(0.078摩尔)的2,2-二甲基-丙酸2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基酯-1-烃氧基与64g(0.39摩尔)的乙酸2-苯基乙酯和30g过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)反应。从戊烷中重结晶的粗产物并以白色晶体形式获得17.2g(53%)的化合物112,其熔点为102-103℃。
实施例25:乙酸2-(4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧基)-
2-苯基乙酯
与实施例23类似制备该标题化合物。使10.0g(0.058摩尔)的4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基与47.6g(0.29摩尔)的乙酸2-苯基乙酯和16g的过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)反应。从戊烷中重结晶的粗产物,以白色晶体形式获得8.4g(43%)的标题化合物,其熔点为68-69℃。
实施例26:乙酸2-(4-叔丁基-2,2-二乙基-6,6-二甲基-3-氧代-
哌嗪-1-基氧基)-2-苯基乙酯
与实施例23类似地制备该标题化合物。使10.2g(0.04摩尔)的4-叔丁基-2,2-二乙基-6,6-二甲基-3-氧代-哌嗪-1-烃氧基与32.1g(0.19摩尔)的乙酸2-苯基乙酯和21g过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)反应。在处理后,以黄色油形式获得14.0g(85%)的粗化合物114。非对映异构体的混合物1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):7.3-7.1m(5H Ar),4.8-4.7m(1H),4.6-4.1m(2H),3.1-2.8m(2H),1.38s(t-Bu),2.1-0.5m(28H)。
实施例27:乙酸2-(4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-基氧
基)-2-苯基乙酯
与实施例23类似地制备该标题化合物。使91.4g(0.43摩尔)的4-乙酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-1-烃氧基与261g(1.6摩尔)的乙酸2-苯基乙酯和166g过氧化氢丁酯(70%在水中)反应。把粗产物溶解在500ml二乙醚中,然后在2.5升己烷中沉淀,获得119.2g(74%)白色晶体形式的该标题化合物,其熔点为109-110℃。
Claims (19)
1.一种制备式A的胺醚的方法:其中
a为1或2;
当a为1时,E’是E;
当a为2时,E’是L;
E’是C1-C36烷基;C3-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的基团;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C1-C8烷氧基或苯氧基;C4-C12杂环烷基;C4-C12杂环烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或C4-C12杂芳烷基,其每一个是未取代的或者被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代;或者E’是式(VII)或(VIII)的基团:其中,Ar是C6-C10芳基或C5-C9杂芳基;
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
D是基团
、基团C(O)-G13或基团C(O)-G9-C(O)-G13;
G1和G2各自独立地是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-CONR5R6、-(R9)COOR4、-C(O)-R7、-OR8、-SR8、-NHR8、-N(R18)2、氨基甲酰基、二(C1-C18烷基)氨基甲酰基、-C(=NR5)(NHR6)、C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;被OH、卤素、NO2、氨基、氰基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基或基团-O-C(O)-R7取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基或C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;由至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C6-C10芳基;或被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代的苯基或萘基;或者G1和G2一起与连接碳原子形成C3-C12环烷基;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接结合;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
G14是C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳酸的酰基;
G55是H、CH3或苯基;
G66是式-COOR4或-CONR5R6或-CH2-O-G14的-CN或基团;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;或者是被COO和/或亚苯基中断的4-18个碳原子亚烷基;
T’是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其每一个是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T’是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基,或者被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的含7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T’是-C(G1)(G2)-T”;或被
取代的C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;
T”是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基,或者是含有1-50个碳原子的一价有机基团;
或者T”和T’一起形成二价有机连接基团,与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2取代的季碳原子一起,成为任选取代的5或6元环结构;
并且
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5和R6是氢、C1-C18烷基、被羟基取代的C2-C18烷基,或者一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或者被O或/和NR18中断的C2-C12亚烷基桥;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R18是C1-C18烷基或苯基,其是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代。
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
E-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)。
2.根据权利要求1的制备式A的胺醚的方法:其中
a为1或2;
当a为1时,E’是E;
当a为2时,E’是L;
E是C1-C36烷基;C3-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的基团;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的C7-C15芳烷基;或者E是式(VII)的自由基:其中,
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
D是基团
、基团C(O)-G13或基团C(O)-G9-C(O)-G13;
G1和G2各自独立地是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-CONR5R6、-(R9)COOR4、-C(O)-R7、-OR8、-SR8、-NHR8、-N(R18)2、氨基甲酰基、二(C1-C18烷基)氨基甲酰基、-C(=NR5)(NHR6)、C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;被OH、卤素、NO2、氨基、氰基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基或基团-O-C(O)-R7取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基或C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;由至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C6-C10芳基;或被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基、COOR21、C(O)-R22、C1-C4烷基氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代的苯基或萘基;或者G1和G2与连接碳原子一起形成C3-C12环烷基;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接结合;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;
T’是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其每一个是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T’是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基,或者被至少一个O或-NR18-中断的含7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T’是-C(G1)(G2)-T”;或被
取代的C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;
T”是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基,或者是含有1-50个碳原子的一价有机基团;
或者T”和T’一起形成二价有机连接基团,与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2取代的季碳原子一起,成为任选取代的5或6元环结构;
并且
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5和R6是氢、C1-C18烷基、被氢取代的C2-C18烷基,或者一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或者被O或/和NR18中断的C2-C12亚烷基桥;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R18是C1-C18烷基或苯基,其是未取代的或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代。
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
该方法包括:在有机氢过氧化物和催化量的铜或铜化合物存在下,使式B的N-烃氧基胺:与式IV或V的烃反应:
E-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,式A的化合物相当于式I或II:其中,G1、G2、G3和G4各自独立地是C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基;被OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)R5取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基;被至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基;或者是C3-C12环烷基;或C6-C10芳基;或者G1和G2和/或G3和G4与连接碳原子一起形成C3-C12环烷基;
a是1或2;
当a是1时,E′是E,其中,E是C1-C36烷基;C2-C18烯基;C2-C18炔基;C5-C18环烷基;C5-C18环烯基;7-12个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪族双环或三环烃的基团;卤素取代的C2-C7烷基或C3-C7烯基;C7-C15芳烷基或被C1-C4烷基或苯基取代的C7-C15芳烷基;或者E’是式(VII)的基团:其中,
X是苯基、萘基或联苯基,其被1、2、3或4D取代并且任选进一步被NO2、卤素、氨基、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、C1-C4烷氨基或二(C1-C4烷基)氨基取代;
当a为2时,E’是L;
G5和G6各自独立地是H或CH3;
G9是C1-C12烯基或直接结合;
G13是C1-C18烷基;
L是1-18个碳原子的亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烷基、5-8个碳原子的环亚烯基、3-18个碳原子的亚烯基、被苯基或被1-4个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基取代的1-12个碳原子的亚烷基;
T是完成分子式I所需的二价有机基团,其与受阻胺氮原子和被G1和G2或G3和G4取代的两个季碳原子一起形成5或6元环结构;
T1是氢、卤素、NO2、氰基、-(R9)COOR4、-(R9)C(O)-R7、OR8、未取代的C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;或者T1是被NO2、卤素、羟基、氰基、羧基、C1-C6烷酰基、C1-C12烷氧基取代的C1-C18烷基、C2-C18烯基、C2-C18炔基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C3-C12环烷基或C2-C12杂环烷基;或者苯基、萘基,其是未取代的或者被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基、卤素、氰基、羟基、羧基取代;或者T1是残基-CH2-O-R10或-CH2-NR18-R10或-C(=CH2)-R11或-C(=O)-R12;
T2是C4-C18叔烷基或苯基,其未被取代或者被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代;或者T2是C5-C12环烷基;被至少一个O中断的C5-C12环烷基;含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基或者被至少一个O中断的含有7-18个碳原子的多环烷基;或者T2是-C(G1)(G2)-T1;或
R4是氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基、碱金属阳离子或四烷基铵阳离子;
R5是氢、C1-C18烷基或C6-C10芳基;
R7是氢、C1-C18烷基或苯基;
R8是氢、C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R9是C1-C12亚烷基或直接连接;
R10是氢、甲酰、C2-C18烷基羰基、苯甲酰、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、被O或NR18中断的C5-C12环烷基、或者是未取代的或被卤素、OH、COOR21或C(O)-R22取代的苄基或苯基;
R11是OH、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、O-C(O)-(C1-C18)烷基、N(R18)2、或基团C(O)R25;
R12是OH、O(碱金属)、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、N(R18)2;
R18是C1-C18烷基或C2-C18羟烷基;
R21是氢、碱金属原子或C1-C18烷基;和
R22是C1-C18烷基;
R25是OH、C1-C18烷氧基、苄氧基、N(R18)2;
该方法包括:
在有机氢过氧化物和催化量的铜或铜化合物存在下,使式III或IIIa的N-烃氧基受阻胺:与式IV或V的化合物反应:
E-H (IV)
H-L-H (V)。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,在本发明方法中所用的有机氢过氧化物是含有3-18个碳原子的过氧醇,特别是过氧化氢丁酯。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,每摩尔式B的N-烃氧基化合物使用1-100摩尔式IV或V的化合物、1-20摩尔有机氢过氧化物和0.001毫摩尔-0.5摩尔铜催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,式IV或V的化合物过量使用并且同时作为反应物和反应的溶剂和/或其中使用另一种惰性有机溶剂或无机溶剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6的任一项的方法,其中,所述反应在相转移催化剂的存在下进行。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,所述催化剂由溶解在合适的溶剂中的无机Cu(I)或Cu(II)化合物形成。
9.根据权利要求3的方法,其中,在式I和III中,T是含有2-500个碳原子和0-200个选自氧、磷、硫、硅、卤素和叔氮形式的氮的杂原子的有机连接基团,并且与其直接连接的碳原子以及氮原子一起形成任选取代的5、6或7元环状结构。
G1、G2、G3和G4各自独立地是C1-C18烷基;C3-C18烯基;C3-C18炔基;被OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)R5取代的C1-C18烷基或C3-C18烯基或C3-C18炔基;被O原子中断的C2-C18烷基;C5-C12环烷基;或苯基;或者G1和G2和/或G3和G4与连接碳原子一起形成C5-C12环烷基;
Z是O或NR8;
R8是氢、OH、C1-C18烷基、C3-C18烯基、C3-C18炔基;被一个或多个OH、卤素或基团-O-C(O)-R5取代的C1-C18烷基、C3-C18烯基、C3-C18炔基;被至少一个O原子和/或NR5基团中断的C2-C18烷基,是C3-C12环烷基或C6-C10芳基、C7-C9苯基烷基、C5-C10杂芳基、-C(O)-C1-C18烷基、-O-C1-C18烷基或-COOC1-C18烷基;
Q是直接结合或者二价基团CR9R10、CR9R10-CR11R12、CR9R10CR11R12CR13R14、C(O)或CR9R10C(O);
R9、R10、R11、R12、R13和R14各自独立地为氢、苯基或C1-C18烷基;
T是CH2-C(R24)(R25)-CH2,其中,R24和R25一起为=O或独立地是H、OH或有机残基,其特征在于连接基团T总共含有2-500个碳原子和任选的1-200个选自氧、磷、硫、硅、卤素和叔氮的杂原子。
11.根据权利要求3的用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法,其中,在式(I)中,
G1、G2、G3和G4相互独立地是甲基、乙基、苯基或COOR4;
E是由C7-C11苯基烷烃或C6-C10吡啶基烷烃;或C5-C12环烷烃;或C5-C12环烯烃;或氧杂环己烷或氧代环己烯;或C1-C8烯烃;苯氧基取代的C3-C8烯烃;或被C1-C4烷基和其它选自C1-C4烷氧基、缩水甘油基、或缩水甘油氧基的取代基取代的苯所形成的碳中心基团;或者E是式(VIII)的基团:其中:
Ar是C6-C10芳基或C5-C9杂芳基;
G14是C1-C4烷基或含有2-4个碳原子的脂肪族羧酸的酰基或苯甲酰;
G55是H、CH3或苯基;
G66是-CN或式-COOR4或-CH2-O-G14的基团;
R4是氢或C1-C8烷基;
L是由丙烷、丁烷、戊烷、2,2-二甲基-丙烷、二甲苯形成的碳中心基团;和
E2是-CO-或-(CH2)b-,而b是0、1或2;
E1带有两个残基R24和R25的碳原子,或者是>N-R25,或者是氧,且R24和R25是氢或有机残基,其特征在于连接基团T总共含有2-500碳原子,并且与其直接连接的碳原子以及氮原子一起形成取代的5、6或7元环结构,或者其中R24和R25一起是=O,或者其中R24是氢且R25是氢或羟基;
或者E1和E2一起是1,2-亚苯基。
12.有机氢过氧化物与铜催化剂和如权利要求1中所定义的式IV或V的化合物用于由其N-烃氧基前驱体制备N-烃氧基取代的位阻胺的用途。
13.式XV、XVI、XVII或XVIII的化合物:其中:
G1、G2和G31各自独立地是甲基或乙基;
G3是C2-C8烯基;由苯基、C1-C4烷基-苯基、环己基、C1-C4烷基-环己基或COX′G8取代的C2-C8烯基;或者G3是OG10;或者是总共含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的碳结合5或6元未取代或烷基取代的杂环残基;
G4是如对G3所定义的,或者是C1-C18烷基,假定当G3是C2-烯基时,G4不是甲基;或者G3和G4与它们连接的碳原子一起形成Ph-CH-CN基团,或者形成碳结合的5或6元未取代的或者烷基取代的总共含有3-12个碳原子的不饱和杂环残基,其杂原子选自氮和氧;G6是H;OH;OR3;NR4R5;(CO)R6;或者是式
的基团或-R9-R13;
G7是H;
或者G6和G7一起是=O或是式-O-CH2-C(R1)(R2)-(CH2)m-O-的残基;
G8是氢或C1-C8烷基或C2-C8羟烷基;
G′8是氢或C1-C8烷基或C2-C8羟烷基或C2-C8烯基;G10是C1-C18烷基;被苯基或C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基和/或OH取代苯基取代的C1-C18烷基;苯基;C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、OH取代的苯基;或者是碳结合的5或6元未取代的或烷基取代的含有3-12个碳原子并且其杂原子选自氮和氧的杂环残基;
G15是H或甲基;
G16是OH;OR3;NR4R5;(CO)R6;或者是式
的基团或者R9-R13;
G17是H;
或者G16和G17一起是=O或者是式-O-CH2-C(R1)(R2)-(CH2)m-O-的残基;
G18是H或甲基或=O;
G20是H、C1-C18烷基或C5-C12环烷基;
G21和G22独立地是氢、卤素、C1-C12烷基或C1-C12烷氧基;
G23是烃氧基、OH或OE,这里E是如权利要求1所限定的;
G24是甲基、乙基或苯基;
Ph是苯基或者被C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、卤素和/或硝基取代的苯基;
m是0或1;
R1是氢、C1-C4烷基、羟基或羟甲基;
R2是氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基或2-12个碳原子的烯基;
R3是1-18个碳原子的烷基,4-18个碳原子的烷氧羰基亚烷基羰基,2-18个碳原子的烯基,缩水甘油基,2,3-二羟丙基,2-羟基或2-(羟甲基)取代的3-12个碳原子的烷基,该烷基被氧中断,含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基,或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基;
R4是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基或2-6个碳原子的酰基;
R5是氢、1-18个碳原子的烷基、含有2-18个碳原子的脂肪族或不饱和脂肪族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、含有7-12个碳原子的脂环族羧酸或氨基甲酸的酰基、或者含有7-15个碳原子的芳族酸的酰基、或者R4和R5在一起为-(CH2)5CO-、邻苯二甲酰或马来酸的二价酰基;
R6是1-18个碳原子的烷氧基,2-18个碳原子的烯氧基,1-18个碳原子的-NH烷基或2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R7和R8独立地是氯、1-18个碳原子的烷氧基、被2-羟乙基取代的氨基、1-18个碳原子的-NH(烷基)、或者2-36个碳原子的-N(烷基)2;
R9是氧,或者R9是被氢、1-12个碳原子的烷基取代的氮;
R13是独立地被氢、苯基、1-4个碳原子烷基或1-4个碳原子烷氧基三次取代的甲硅烷基或者甲硅烷氧基;
R30是H、C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、C3-C18烷氧基烷基;
X′是O或NG8;
Y-Z是>C(G17)G16或O或>N-R30。
14.根据权利要求13的式XV、XVI、XVII和/或XVIII的化合物作为有机材料抵抗由光、氧和/或热产生的降解的稳定剂或作为阻燃剂的用途。
15.一种阻燃或稳定有机材料抵抗由光、氧和/或热产生的降解的方法,该方法包括向所述材料中应用或引入胺醚,其特征在于所述胺醚是根据权利要求13的式XV、XVI、XVII和/或XVIII的化合物。
16.一种组合物,其包含:
(A)一种对氧化、热和/或光化降解敏感的有机材料,和
(B)作为稳定剂的至少一种根据权利要求13的式XV、XVI、XVII和/或XVIII的化合物。
17.根据权利要求XV、XVI、XVII和/或XVIII的化合物作为聚合调节剂的用途。
18.一种可聚合组合物,其包含:
a)至少一种烯键式不饱和单体或低聚物,和
b)作为聚合调节剂的至少一种根据权利要求13的式XV、XVI、XVII和/或XVIII的化合物。
19.一种根据权利要求18的组合物,其中,所述烯键式不饱和单体或低聚物选自乙烯、丙烯、正丁烯、异丁烯、苯乙烯、取代的苯乙烯、共轭二烯、丙烯醛、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基咪唑、马来酸酐、(烷基)丙烯酸酐、(烷基)丙烯酸盐、(烷基)丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯腈、(烷基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基卤或亚乙烯基卤。
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CNB018102034A Expired - Lifetime CN100567268C (zh) | 2000-05-26 | 2001-05-17 | 由仲氨基氧化物合成胺醚的方法 |
Country Status (15)
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US (2) | US6900328B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1284966B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003535080A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100823579B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100567268C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE461176T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2001267452A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2407866C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ303966B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60141575D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2341317T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2273634C2 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK287611B6 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW572896B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001092228A2 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101484423B (zh) * | 2006-07-05 | 2011-09-07 | 西巴控股有限公司 | 制备位阻硝酰基醚的方法 |
CN106604941A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-04-26 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 可控自由基聚合 |
CN113544126A (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-10-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 位阻胺稳定剂混合物 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004524296A (ja) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-08-12 | チバ スペシャルティ ケミカルズ ホールディング インコーポレーテッド | 酸化触媒としての安定なフリーニトロキシルラジカル及び酸化方法 |
TW200407307A (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-05-16 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Process for the synthesis of amine ethers from secondary amino oxides |
AU2002363869A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-09 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Transition-metal-catalyzed process for the conversion of alkenes to sterically hindered substituted n-alkoxyamines |
KR101129505B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-14 | 2012-03-29 | 시바 홀딩 인크 | 입체 장애된 n-하이드로카빌옥시아민의 과산화수소 촉매된제조방법 |
US20070191516A1 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2007-08-16 | Markus Frey | Process for the synthesis of amine ethers |
PL1807395T3 (pl) | 2004-11-02 | 2016-06-30 | Basf Se | Sposób syntezy n-alkoksyamin |
JP2009514803A (ja) * | 2005-10-11 | 2009-04-09 | チバ ホールディング インコーポレーテッド | アミンエーテルの合成方法 |
JP5420911B2 (ja) | 2006-03-16 | 2014-02-19 | クラリアント ファイナンス (ビーブイアイ) リミティド | 変性ロウ、それらの製造方法及びそれらの使用 |
JP5307002B2 (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2013-10-02 | チバ ホールディング インコーポレーテッド | 立体障害性ニトロキシルエーテルの製造方法 |
CA2654837C (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2015-11-24 | Ciba Holding Inc. | Process for the preparation of sterically hindered nitroxyl ethers |
JP4909695B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-27 | 2012-04-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
WO2008155247A1 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | Basf Se | Nitroxide containing electrode materials for secondary batteries |
TWI447154B (zh) | 2012-11-27 | 2014-08-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 聚氯乙烯製品與其表面處理方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4921962A (en) * | 1988-10-19 | 1990-05-01 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for preparing N-hydrocarbyloxy derivatives of sterically hindered amines |
US5374729A (en) | 1992-05-07 | 1994-12-20 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Process for preparing N-methoxy derivatives of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone |
US5627248A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-05-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Difunctional living free radical polymerization initiators |
ITMI980366A1 (it) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-25 | Ciba Spec Chem Spa | Preparazione di eteri amminici stericamente impediti |
SG74700A1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2000-08-22 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Preparation of sterically hindered amine ethers |
TW495515B (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 2002-07-21 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | 1-alkoxy-polyalkyl-piperidine derivatives, a polymerizable composition containing the same and a process for polymerization |
-
2001
- 2001-05-01 TW TW90110396A patent/TW572896B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-17 EP EP01945152A patent/EP1284966B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-17 WO PCT/EP2001/005668 patent/WO2001092228A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-05-17 SK SK1811-2002A patent/SK287611B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-17 KR KR1020027015155A patent/KR100823579B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-17 DE DE60141575T patent/DE60141575D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-17 CN CNB018102034A patent/CN100567268C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-17 JP JP2002500843A patent/JP2003535080A/ja active Pending
- 2001-05-17 ES ES01945152T patent/ES2341317T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-17 CZ CZ20024133A patent/CZ303966B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-17 AU AU2001267452A patent/AU2001267452A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-17 CA CA2407866A patent/CA2407866C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-17 US US10/296,107 patent/US6900328B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-17 RU RU2002133210/04A patent/RU2273634C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-17 AT AT01945152T patent/ATE461176T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-08-17 US US10/919,776 patent/US7402675B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101484423B (zh) * | 2006-07-05 | 2011-09-07 | 西巴控股有限公司 | 制备位阻硝酰基醚的方法 |
CN106604941A (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-04-26 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 可控自由基聚合 |
CN113544126A (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-10-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 位阻胺稳定剂混合物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ303966B6 (cs) | 2013-07-24 |
US20050043552A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
RU2273634C2 (ru) | 2006-04-10 |
DE60141575D1 (de) | 2010-04-29 |
AU2001267452A1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
SK18112002A3 (sk) | 2003-06-03 |
US7402675B2 (en) | 2008-07-22 |
CN100567268C (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
EP1284966B1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
ATE461176T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
EP1284966A2 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
CZ20024133A3 (cs) | 2003-04-16 |
CA2407866A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
KR20020094042A (ko) | 2002-12-16 |
US6900328B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 |
WO2001092228A3 (en) | 2002-05-16 |
TW572896B (en) | 2004-01-21 |
JP2003535080A (ja) | 2003-11-25 |
KR100823579B1 (ko) | 2008-04-21 |
ES2341317T3 (es) | 2010-06-18 |
WO2001092228A2 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
SK287611B6 (sk) | 2011-04-05 |
CA2407866C (en) | 2010-07-20 |
US20030171461A1 (en) | 2003-09-11 |
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