CN1420914A - 光敏涂料组合物及其在制备具有在室温下可快速加工的表面的涂层中的用途 - Google Patents
光敏涂料组合物及其在制备具有在室温下可快速加工的表面的涂层中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1420914A CN1420914A CN01807428A CN01807428A CN1420914A CN 1420914 A CN1420914 A CN 1420914A CN 01807428 A CN01807428 A CN 01807428A CN 01807428 A CN01807428 A CN 01807428A CN 1420914 A CN1420914 A CN 1420914A
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- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoacetic acid Chemical group CC(=O)CC(O)=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 malonate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-thioxanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 PQJUJGAVDBINPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical group C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- CDSULTPOCMWJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4h-chromene-2,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C(=O)CC2=C1 CDSULTPOCMWJCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butenoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl malonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC IYXGSMUGOJNHAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DBHQYYNDKZDVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfanylphenyl]-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 DBHQYYNDKZDVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
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- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
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- YOQPJXKVVLAWRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;methyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O.COC(=O)C=C YOQPJXKVVLAWRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N (3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e,17e)-18-[(3e,5e,7e,9e,11e,13e,15e)-octadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoyl]oxyoctadeca-3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-octaenoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\OC(=O)C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C\C=C CFQZKFWQLAHGSL-FNTYJUCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
光敏涂料组合物包含(A)含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物,(B)含有活化的CH基团的化合物如低聚或聚合的丙二酸酯化合物和/或含有乙酰乙酸酯基团的化合物,(C)一种或多种路易斯碱或布朗斯台德碱(后者的共轭酸的pKa至少是10,如1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯)形式的催化剂,和(D)光敏引发剂,其中光敏引发剂是光潜碱。优选这样一种涂料组合物,其中光潜碱是结构(I)的α-氨基链烯烃,其中R16是苯基;R17和R18是氢或甲基;R19和R21一起形成C3亚烷基桥;R20和R22一起形成C3亚烷基桥;R31和R32是氢。该组合物还可以包含一种选自噻吨酮,噁嗪,若丹明,香豆素酮,并优选选自二苯甲酮及其衍生物的敏化剂。
Description
本发明涉及一种光敏(photoactivatable)涂料组合物,包含(A)含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物,(B)含有活化的CH基团的化合物,(C)一种或多种路易斯碱或布朗斯台德碱(后者的共轭酸的pKa至少是10)形式的催化剂,和D)光敏引发剂,并涉及其在制备具有在室温下可快速加工的表面的涂层中的用途。
上述这类光敏涂料组合物尤其从EP-A-0 582 188中得知。用其中公开的涂料组合物生产的涂层可以首先通过UV辐射固化,然后以常规方法在室温和/或通过加热完全固化。已知的涂料组合物的关键缺点是同时存在至少两种完全不同的固化机理。一种机理基于CH-酸化合物和烯属不饱和化合物之间的反应,该反应优选在碱存在下进行,而另一种机理需要UV辐射来固化可辐射固化的具有至少两个(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的低聚物。后一机理可能在UV光不易照射到的地方(例如三维表面)或者由于颜料的存在不允许UV辐射穿透更底层的地方存在严重的问题。
此外,所谓的双固化体系的效果在未暴露于UV光且只部分发生固化的地方,还是只能达到最小的固化度,因此必须采用具有更高官能度的化合物。使用这类化合物有增加粘度的作用,这导致需要更大量的溶剂以便达到相似的喷涂粘度,从而引起VOC增多。
本发明现提供涂料组合物,它们可以通过UV辐射固化,而当UV光线不能到达可固化的涂层的所有部分时,没有任何问题出现。本发明还提供了涂料组合物,其中化合物A和B在存在或不存在UV光时使用相同的固化机理固化。最后,本发明提供了具有低VOC的涂料组合物。
根据本发明的光敏涂料组合物的特征在于光敏引发剂是光潜碱(photolatent base)。
合适的光潜碱(D)的例子是:
1)式(I)或(II)的α-铵盐、α-亚铵盐或α-脒(amidinium)盐其中m是1或2并对应于阳离子的正电荷数;R1是苯基,萘基,菲基,蒽基,芘基,噻吩基,噻蒽基,噻吨基,芴基或吩噁嗪基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、NR6R7、OH、CN、OR8、SR8、C(O)R9、C(O)OR10或卤素单取代或多取代,或R1是式A的基团:R2,R3和R4彼此独立地是氢,C1-C18烷基,C3-C18链烯基或苯基,或R2和R3和/或R4和R3彼此独立地形成C2-C12亚烷基桥;或R2,R3,R4与连接的氮原子一起是结构式(a)、(b)、(c)或(d)的基团k和l彼此独立地是2-4的数;R5,R6,R7,R8,R9和R10是氢或C1-C18烷基;R11是C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,NR6R7,OR8或SR8;并且n是0或1,2或3;R12,R13和R14是苯基或另一芳族烃基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、OR8或卤素单取代或多取代;R15是C1-C18烷基,苯基或另一芳族烃基,这些苯基或芳族烃基未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、OR8或卤素单取代或多取代。
其它合适的光潜碱(D)的例子是
2)式(III)或(IV)的化合物其中R16是苯基,萘基,菲基,蒽基,芘基,噻吩基,噻蒽基,噻吨基,芴基或吩噁嗪基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、NR23R24、OH、CN、OR25、SR25、C(O)R26、C(O)OR27或卤素单取代或多取代,或R16是式A的基团R17和R18彼此独立地是氢,C1-C18烷基,C3-C18链烯基,C3-C18炔基或苯基;R20是C1-C18烷基或NR29R30;R19,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26和R27是氢或C1-C18烷基;R28是C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,NR23R24,OR25或SR25;并且R29和R30彼此独立地是氢或C1-C18烷基;或R19和R21一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或R20和R22一起,独立于R19和R21,形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或,如果R20是NR29R30,则R30和R22一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥;R31是氢或C1-C18烷基;R32是氢,C1-C18烷基或C1-C18烷基取代的苯基。
优选的化合物是式(I)或(II)的α-铵盐、α-亚铵盐或α-脒盐,其中m是1R1是苯基或萘基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C6烷基、OR8或SR8单取代或多取代,R2,R3和R4彼此独立地是氢,C1-C18烷基或苯基,或R2和R3和/或R4和R3彼此独立地形成C2-C6亚烷基桥;或R2,R3,R4与连接的氮原子一起是结构式(d)的基团,k和l彼此独立地是2-4的数;R5和R8是氢或C1-C6烷基;R12,R13,R14和R15是苯基或另一芳族烃基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C6烷基或卤素单或多取代,以及
式(III)或(IV)的化合物其中R16是苯基或萘基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C6烷基、OR25、SR25单取代或多取代,R17和R18是氢或C1-C6烷基;R19和R21一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥;R20和R22一起形成C2-C6亚烷基桥;R25是氢或C1-C6烷基;R31和R32是氢。
迄今使用式(IV)的化合物得到了最佳的结果,其中R16是苯基;R17和R18是氢或甲基;R19和R21一起形成C3亚烷基桥;R20和R22一起形成C3亚烷基桥;R31和R32是氢。
优选这样的组合物,其中光潜碱(组分(D))存在的量基于组分(A)+(B)为0.01-10重量%,优选0.2-5重量%。
使用基于组分(A)+(B)为0.01-10重量%,优选0.2-3重量%的量的催化剂(C)得到了未暴露部分固化反应的最佳结果。还优选(C)和(D)的存在量使(C)与(D)的重量比在0.1-2.5,最优选0.2-1.5的范围内。
根据本发明的涂料组合物在施用并任选蒸发溶剂以后是可辐射固化的。尤其是,它们适合通过UV射线辐射固化。IR/UV辐射结合也适合。可以使用的辐射源是那些常用于UV的辐射源,例如高压和中压汞灯。
为了避免任何牵涉到处理波长非常短的UV光线(UV-B和/或UV-C光线)的危险,优选产生危害较小的UV-A光的荧光灯,特别是用于汽车修理厂。然而由于所述的灯产生的光强度太弱以至于不能解决快速固化体系中的氧抑制。因此,例如EP-A-0 582 188中提出的涂料组合物的UV固化不能有效地进行。
令人惊奇的是,现在发现当使用光潜碱作为光敏引发剂时,更尤其是当还使用敏化剂时,在用荧光灯的UV光辐射期间则不会产生氧抑制的问题。
合适的敏化剂是本领域熟练技术人员所知的所有作敏化剂的化合物。例子如噻吨酮(如异丙基噻吨酮),香豆素酮(ketocoumarin),噁嗪,若丹明,二苯甲酮及其衍生物。
令人惊奇的是,已经发现用二苯甲酮及其衍生物可以得到无色表面。
合适的二苯甲酮的衍生物的例子是:其中R33,R34和R35可以相同或不同并表示CH3或H(例如SpeedcureBEM_,购自Lambson),(例如Quantacure BMS_,购自G.Lakes),和其中R33,R34和R35可以相同或不同并表示CH3或H(例如Esacure TZT_,购自Lamberti)。
敏化剂的存在量基于固体树脂可以为0.1-5重量%。
对于化合物(C),至今已经发现电中性和带电的碱都得到了最佳结果。
合适的催化剂包括电中性的碱如胺及其衍生物。优选使用其共轭酸的pKa至少是12的碱,例如脒类胺,其例子包括四甲基胍,1,8-二氮杂二环-[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(DBU)和1,5-二氮杂二环-[4.3.0]-壬-5-烯(DBN)。到目前为止,使用DBU得到了最佳的结果。
根据本发明,带电的碱也组成合适的催化剂,条件是其共轭酸的pKa>10,优选pKa>12。作为具有代表性的碱的例子可以提到金属碱和季铵碱。合适碱的例子包括金属醇,例如甲醇钠或苯酚钠;金属氢氧化物,例如氢氧化钠;金属烃类化合物,例如正丁基锂;金属氢化物,例如氢化钠;金属氨化物,例如氨化钾;金属碳酸盐,例如碳酸钾;氢氧化季铵,例如氢氧化四丁基铵;季铵的醇盐,例如苄基三甲基铵甲醇盐,季铵/碳阴离子盐,例如乙酰乙酸苄基三甲基铵盐。
合适的含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物通常是烯属不饱和化合物,其中碳-碳双键被α位的羰基活化。代表性的例子可以提到如US-A-2759913(特别参见第6栏第35行-第7栏第45行),US-A-4871822(特别参见第2栏第14行-第4栏第14行),US-A-4602061(特别参见第3栏第14行-第4栏第14行)和EP-A-0448154(特别参见第2页第53行-第3页第28行)中公开的这些化合物。
合适的例子是含有1-6个羟基和1-20个碳原子的化合物的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。代替(甲基)丙烯酸或除了甲基丙烯酸以外还可以使用例如巴豆酸和肉桂酸。这些酯可以任选含有羟基。特别优选的例子包括二丙烯酸己二醇酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯和四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯。
其它的例子是基于马来酸、富马酸和/或衣康酸(及马来酸酐和衣康酸酐)与二价-或多价的羟基化合物(任选包括单价的羟基和/或羧基的化合物)的反应产物的聚酯。
其他合适的含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物是含有活化的不饱和侧基的聚酯和/或醇酸树脂。优选通过多异氰酸酯与含有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如(甲基)丙烯酸的羟基烷基酯或由多羟基化合物与少于化学计量量的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化制备的化合物)反应得到的聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯;通过含有羟基的聚醚和(甲基)丙烯酸酯化得到的聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯;通过(甲基)丙烯酸羟基烷基酯与聚羧酸和/或聚胺树脂反应得到的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯;通过(甲基)丙烯酸与环氧树脂反应得到的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,和通过马来酸单烷基酯与环氧树脂和/或羟基官能的低聚物或聚合物反应得到的聚马来酸烷基酯。
在含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物中,特别优选的是多异氰酸酯与含有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯反应得到的聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯。合适的多异氰酸酯的例子包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚物,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚物。合适的含有羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的例子包括(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟基丙基酯和(甲基)丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯。最优选基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚物和丙烯酸4-羟基丁基酯的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。
另外,优选这样的涂料组合物,其中含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物的酸值约为2或更小,Mn在约500-约1500之间,并且官能度至少是2。
合适的含有活化的CH基团的化合物通常是在两个羰基的α位含有亚甲基和/或单取代的亚甲基的化合物,例如含有丙二酸酯基和/或乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物。
US-A-2,759,913(特别参见第8栏第51-52行)中公开了含有丙二酸酯基的化合物的例子且US-A-4,602,061(特别参见第1栏第10行-第2栏第13行)中公开了含有丙二酸酯基的低聚和聚合化合物。优选的化合物是低聚和/或聚合的含有丙二酸酯基的化合物,例如聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺和聚乙烯基树脂,其在主链中含有丙二酸酯基或是侧基或两者都是。
含有丙二酸酯基的聚氨酯可以通过例如多异氰酸酯与多元醇的含羟基酯及丙二酸反应得到或通过羟基官能的聚氨酯与丙二酸或丙二酸二烷基酯经酯化或酯交换作用得到。
含有丙二酸酯基的聚酯可以通过例如丙二酸、烷基丙二酸(例如乙基丙二酸)、这种丙二酸的单烷基酯或二烷基酯和/或丙二酸酯和(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯的反应产物,任选与其它的二羧酸或聚羧酸,与二官能和/或更高官能的羟基化合物和任选单官能的羟基和/或羧基化合物缩聚得到。优选的是丙二酸二烷基酯与二官能和更高官能的羟基化合物的缩聚产物。合适的丙二酸二烷基酯的例子包括丙二酸二甲酯和丙二酸二乙酯。合适的二官能和更高官能的羟基化合物的例子包括乙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,新戊二醇,甘油,季戊四醇,三羟甲基丙烷,二(三羟甲基)丙烷,1,4-环己烷二甲醇,新戊二醇与羟基新戊酸的单酯,2,2,4-三甲基戊二醇,二羟甲基丙酸和1,5-戊二醇。最优选的是丙二酸二乙酯和1,5-戊二醇的缩聚产物。
含有丙二酸酯基的环氧酯可以通过例如环氧树脂用丙二酸或丙二酸单酯酯化得到,或通过与丙二酸二烷基酯,任选与其它的羧酸及其衍生物酯交换得到。
含有丙二酸酯基的聚酰胺可以通过例如与聚酯相同的方法得到,其中至少部分羟基化合物被单价和/或多价伯胺和/或仲胺代替。
其它含有丙二酸酯基的聚合物可以通过过量的丙二酸二烷基酯与羟基官能的聚合物(例如乙烯醇/苯乙烯共聚物)酯交换得到。这样可以形成具有含丙二酸酯基的侧链的聚合物。任何过量的丙二酸二烷基酯都可以减压除去或任选可以用作反应性溶剂。
还可以使用这样一些含有丙二酸酯基的化合物,其中丙二酸结构单元例如被甲醛、乙醛、丙酮或环己酮环化。
优选含有丙二酸酯基的低聚酯,聚酯,聚氨酯和环氧酯,其每分子含有2-100,更优选2-20个丙二酸酯基。在所述的情况中优选数均分子量(Mn)在约250-约3000的范围内并且酸值为约2或更小的化合物。
作为含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物的例子可以提到US-A-2,759,913(特别参见第8栏第53-54行)中公开的乙酰乙酸酯,US-A-4,217,396(特别参见第2栏第65行-第3栏第27行)中公开的二乙酰乙酸酯化合物和US-A-4,408,018(特别参见第1栏第51行-第2栏第6行)中公开的含有乙酰乙酸酯基的低聚和/或聚合化合物。优选低聚和/或聚合的含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物例如聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺和聚乙烯基树脂,它们在主链中含有乙酰乙酸酯基或是侧基或两者都是。
合适的含有乙酰乙酸酯基的低聚和聚合化合物可以由例如多元醇和/或羟基官能的聚醚、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、乙烯基和环氧低聚物和聚合物通过与双烯酮反应得到或与乙酰乙酸烷基酯酯交换得到。这类化合物也可以通过乙酰乙酸酯官能的丙烯酸单体与其它的乙烯基-和/或丙烯酸-官能的单体共聚得到。
在含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物中,特别优选用于本发明的是含有乙酰乙酸酯基的低聚物和聚合物,它们至少含有两个乙酰乙酸酯基。还特别优选这种含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物的Mn在约234-约30,000的范围内和酸值是约2或更小。
在相同的分子中既含有丙二酸酯基也含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物也合适并可以通过例如丙二酸酯官能的聚酯和乙酰乙酸酯官能的丙烯酸化合物(例如丙烯酸乙酰乙酰氧基乙酯)之间的Michael反应得到。此外,含有丙二酸酯基和乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物的物理混合物是合适的。此外,乙酰乙酸烷基酯可以用作反应性稀释剂。
任选地,含有活化的CH基团的化合物可以烯胺的形式使用,例如EP-A-0 420 133中公开的。
化合物(A)和(B)通过Michael加成互相反应,其中化合物(B)的活化的CH基团加成到化合物(A)的活化的不饱和基团的一个碳原子上。化合物(A)和(B)优选存在于涂料组合物中的量应使活化的CH基团的数量与活化的不饱和基团的数量之比在约0.25-约4.0的范围内,更优选在约0.5-约2.0的范围内。
α-氨基链烯烃在既含有具有活化的不饱和基团的化合物也含有具有活化的CH基团的化合物的涂料组合物中用作光潜碱已经在WO98/41524(特别参见第1、14和36-37页)中公开。然而,其中丝毫没有提及光潜碱和未封闭碱结合使用。
本发明的涂料组合物可以用于任何基材上。基材可以是例如金属、塑料、木材、玻璃、陶瓷或其它涂层。其它的涂层可以由本发明的涂料组合物组成或可以是不同的涂料组合物。本发明的涂料组合物显示了作为透明涂层、底涂层、着色面漆、底漆和体质颜料的特别用途。该涂料组合物可以按照通常的方法施用,例如使用喷枪、刷子或辊子,优选喷涂。固化温度优选在0-80℃之间,更优选在20-60℃之间。该组合物尤其适合用于制备涂布金属基材,例如用于维修工业,尤其是车身修理厂来修理汽车和运输工具和用于维修大型运输工具如火车、卡车、公共汽车和飞机。
优选本发明的涂料组合物用作透明涂层。透明涂层需要高度透明并且必须充分粘附在底涂层上。还需要透明涂层不通过渗透(strike-in,即因为透明涂料组合物的溶剂化引起的底涂层脱色)或因户外暴露而使透明涂层变黄而改变底涂层的美学外表。基于本发明的涂料组合物的透明涂层没有这些缺点。
在涂料组合物是透明涂层的情况下,底涂层可以是涂料领域中已知的常用底涂层。例子是基于纤维素乙酰丁酸酯、丙烯酸树脂和密胺树脂的溶剂基底涂层(如Autobase_,购自Sikkens)和基于丙烯酸树脂分散体和聚酯树脂的水性底涂层(如Autowave_,购自Sikkens)。此外,该底涂层可以包含颜料(彩色颜料,金属颜料和/或珠光颜料)、蜡、溶剂、流动添加剂、中和剂和消泡剂。也可以使用高固体底涂层。这些例如基于多元醇,亚胺和异氰酸酯。透明涂料组合物施用于底涂层的表面并随后固化。可以引进底涂层的中间固化步骤。
本发明参考以下的实施例进行说明。当然,提出这些实施例只是为了更好地理解本发明;它们不能解释为在任何方面限制其范围。
实施例制备基于异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚物(IPDI三聚物)和丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯(= 含有活化的不饱和键的化合物)的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯。
本反应在干燥的空气环境中进行并且所用的所有商业化学品不经过进一步纯化来使用。
将3,637.0g(10.5mol NCO)异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的三聚物(Vestanat T1890_,购自Hüls),2.6g二月桂酸二丁基锡,2.6g2,5-二叔丁基对甲酚和300g乙酸丁酯加入具有冷凝器和滴加装置的三颈烧瓶中。干燥空气鼓泡通过反应混合物并使温度缓慢升至60℃。向其中加入1,514.0g(10.5mol)丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯,温度逐渐升至80℃。将温度控制在所述的值上并用乙酸丁酯(500g)冲洗滴加装置。通过滴定异氰酸酯的剩余量来监测反应,并且当异氰酸酯的含量基于固体含量降至0.2%以下时结束反应。得到的反应产物具有以下的物理性质:
残余的丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯:基于固体<0.28%(HPLC分析)
颜色:Gardner<<Gardner1
粘度:478cPas(23℃),
固体含量:72.8%(在140℃下1小时),
GPC数据(聚苯乙烯标准):Mn1,507,Mw1,814,d=1.2
当量=527g/eq
酸值=1.5制备含有活化的CH基团的化合物
本反应在氮气环境中进行并且所用的所有商业化学品不经过进一步纯化来使用。
1,045g1,5-戊二醇,1,377.4g丙二酸二乙酯和242.1g二甲苯在具有搅拌器和冷凝器的反应装置中仔细回流。反应混合物的最高温度为196℃而冷凝器顶部温度保持79℃。照此方法蒸馏出862g乙醇(相应的转化率为97.7%)。然后在200℃下真空除去二甲苯。所得聚合物的固体含量为98.6%,粘度为2,710mPas,并且酸值基于固体含量为0.3mgKOH/g。
Mn=1,838,Mw=3,186,根据APHA标尺的色度为175(美国健康协会(American Health Association)的“Hazen色度值”-ISO6271),官能度=6
当量=190g/eq使用UV光固化
将下式的光潜碱敏化剂Quantacure BMS_和未封端碱1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]-十一碳-7-烯(DBU)溶于当量比为1.3∶1的上述聚氨酯丙烯酸酯和丙二酸酯聚酯的混合物中,这样潜碱的重量百分比为2.5%(基于固体树脂)并且QuantacureBMS_的重量百分比为0.5%(基于固体树脂)。DBU的量基于固体树脂从0至5重量%变化。
将50μm厚的薄膜刮涂到玻璃板上,并距离20cm暴露于UV-A光中(荧光灯,型号Cleo_,购自Philips)。实验在室温进行,黑暗中的结果和暴露10分钟以后的结果都列于表1中。实施例中引用的百分数表示重量百分数,份表示重量份。
在“干燥”栏中提到的时间对应于直到得到不粘表面的时间(使用UV光和不使用UV光都测量)。在最后一栏“适用期”下提到的时间对应于直至粘度达到双倍所消耗的时间(黑暗中测量)。
表1
实施例 | %DBU,基于固体树脂 | %潜碱,基于固体树脂 | %Quantacure,基于固体树脂 | 暴露后干燥 | 黑暗中干燥 | 适用期 |
A | 0 | 0 | 0 | >1天 | >1天 | >1周 |
B | 0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 10分钟 | >1天 | >1周 |
1 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 10分钟 | >90分钟 | 6小时 |
2 | 1 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 10分钟 | 90分钟 | 5小时 |
3 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 10分钟 | 55分钟 | 2小时 |
4 | 5 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 10分钟 | 35分钟 | 45分钟 |
由上表提到的结果可见DBU和潜碱结合使用对暴露后干燥没有负作用。然而,黑暗中干燥随着DBU浓度的增加而加快。DBU高达百分比约2.5重量%时适用期还可以接受。百分比为5重量%时适用期只有45分钟。对商业应用而言,这么短的适用期对很多应用是有问题的。
Claims (15)
1.一种光敏涂料组合物,包含
(A)含有活化的不饱和基团的化合物,(B)含有活化的CH基团的化合物,(C)一种或多种路易斯酸或布朗斯台德碱(后者的共轭酸的pKa至少是10)形式的催化剂,和(D)光敏引发剂,其特征在于光敏引发剂是光潜碱。
2.根据权利要求1的涂料组合物,其特征在于光潜碱选自1)式(I)或(II)的α-铵盐、α-亚铵盐或α-脒盐其中m是1或2并对应于阳离子的正电荷数;R1是苯基,萘基,菲基,蒽基,芘基,噻吩基,噻蒽基,噻吨基,芴基或吩噁嗪基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、NR6R7、OH、CN、OR8、SR8、C(O)R9、C(O)OR10或卤素单取代或多取代,或R1是式A的基团:R2,R3和R4彼此独立地是氢,C1-C18烷基,C3-C18链烯基或苯基,或R2和R3和/或R4和R3彼此独立地形成C2-C12亚烷基桥;或R2,R3,R4与连接的氮原子一起是结构式(a)、(b)、(c)或(d)的基团 k和l彼此独立地是2-4的数;R5,R6,R7,R8,R9和R10是氢或C1-C18烷基;R11是C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,NR6R7,OR8或SR8;并且n是0或1,2或3;R12,R13和R14是苯基或另一芳族烃基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、OR8或卤素单取代或多取代;R15是C1-C18烷基,苯基或另一芳族烃基,这些苯基或芳族烃基未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、OR8或卤素单取代或多取代;
或2)式(III)或(IV)的化合物其中R16是苯基,萘基,菲基,蒽基,芘基,噻吩基,噻蒽基,噻吨基,芴基或吩噁嗪基,这些基团未被取代或被C1-C18烷基、C3-C18链烯基、NR23R24、OH、CN、OR25、SR25、C(O)R26、C(O)OR27或卤素单取代或多取代,或R16是式A的基团R17和R18彼此独立地是氢,C1-C18烷基,C3-C18链烯基,C3-C18炔基或苯基;R20是C1-C18烷基或NR29R30;R19,R21,R22,R23,R24,R25,R26和R27是氢或C1-C18烷基;R28是C1-C18烷基,C2-C18链烯基,NR23R24,OR25或SR25;并且R29和R30彼此独立地是氢或C1-C18烷基;或R19和R21一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或R20和R22一起,独立于R19和R21,形成C2-C12亚烷基桥或,如果R20是NR29R30,则R30和R22一起形成C2-C12亚烷基桥;R31是氢或C1-C18烷基;R32是氢,C1-C18烷基或苯基。
3.根据权利要求2的涂料组合物,其特征在于光潜碱是结构(IV)的α-氨基链烯烃,其中R16是苯基;R17和R18是氢或甲基;R19和R21一起形成一个C3亚烷基桥;R20和R22一起形成一个C3亚烷基桥;R31和R32是氢。
4.根据前述权利要求1-3中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于组分(D)的存在量基于组分(A)+(B)为0.01-10重量%。
5.根据前述权利要求1-4中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于组分(C)的存在量基于组分(A)+(B)为0.01-10重量%。
6.根据前述权利要求1-5中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于该组合物还含有选自噻吨酮、噁嗪、香豆素酮、若丹明、二苯甲酮及其衍生物的敏化剂。
7.根据权利要求6的涂料组合物,其特征在于敏化剂选自二苯甲酮及其衍生物。
8.根据前述权利要求1-7中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于(C)是1,8-二氮杂二环-[5,4,0]-十一碳-7-烯。
9.根据前述权利要求1-8中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于具有活化的CH基团的化合物是低聚或聚合的丙二酸酯化合物和/或含有乙酰乙酸酯基的化合物。
10.根据权利要求9的涂料组合物,其特征在于丙二酸酯化合物是在主链和/或侧链中含有丙二酸酯基的聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、聚酰胺或聚乙烯基树脂。
11.根据前述权利要求1-10中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于(A)和(B)的存在量应使活化的CH基团的数量与活化的不饱和基团的数量之比在约0.25-4.0的范围之内。
12.根据权利要求11的涂料组合物,其特征在于(A)和(B)的存在量应使活化的CH基团的数量与活化的不饱和基团的数量之比在约0.5-2.0的范围之内。
13.根据前述权利要求1-12中任一项的涂料组合物,其特征在于(C)和(D)的存在量应使(C)和(D)的重量比在约0.1-2.5的范围之内。
14.一种涂布基材的方法,其中将根据前述权利要求1-13中任一项的涂料组合物施用于基材并随后将基材暴露于UV光中。
15.根据前述权利要求1-13中任一项的涂料组合物在汽车修复中的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP00201102 | 2000-03-28 | ||
EP00201102.1 | 2000-03-28 | ||
EP00201968 | 2000-06-06 | ||
EP00201968.5 | 2000-06-06 |
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CN1420914A true CN1420914A (zh) | 2003-05-28 |
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CN01807428A Pending CN1420914A (zh) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-27 | 光敏涂料组合物及其在制备具有在室温下可快速加工的表面的涂层中的用途 |
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US (1) | US20020076504A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1278804A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2003528966A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020084256A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1420914A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2001258304A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0109538A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2002128750A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001072910A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN113366069A (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2021-09-07 | 湛新奥地利有限公司 | 用于水性涂料组合物的粘结剂 |
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WO2000010964A1 (de) * | 1998-08-21 | 2000-03-02 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. | Photoaktivierbare stickstoffhaltige basen |
AU2001244706A1 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2001-10-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Layered product, bonding method, and composition curable with actinic energy ray |
MXPA04009790A (es) * | 2002-04-19 | 2004-12-13 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Curado de recubrimientos inducido por plasma. |
US7411033B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2008-08-12 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Vinyl ethers and compositions containing them |
WO2010096424A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-26 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Solvent-borne coating composition containing acetoacyl-functional polymers |
BR112014008233B1 (pt) * | 2011-10-07 | 2020-11-10 | Allnex Netherlands B.V | composição reticulável, kit de partes, mistura de aditivos de revestimento de rma, métodos para melhoramento da aparência e resistência do revestimento curado, e para fabricação de composições de revestimento, e, composição de revestimento |
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US2759913A (en) * | 1952-05-20 | 1956-08-21 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Copolymers of compounds containing activated ethylene double bonds with active hydrogen compounds |
US4217396A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-08-12 | Armstrong Cork Company | Acrylate-acetoacetate polymers useful as protective agents for floor coverings |
US4408018A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1983-10-04 | Rohm And Haas Company | Acetoacetate functionalized polymers and monomers useful for crosslinking formulations |
ZA852044B (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-11-27 | Akzo Nv | Liquid coating composition curable at ambient temperature |
ATE46178T1 (de) * | 1984-04-04 | 1989-09-15 | Hoechst Ag | Umsetzungsprodukt von olefinisch ungesaettigten verbindungen mit wasserstoffaktiven verbindungen, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und darauf basierende 2-komponentenlacke. |
DE3932517A1 (de) * | 1989-09-29 | 1991-04-11 | Herberts Gmbh | Bindemittelzusammensetzung und deren verwendung in ueberzugsmitteln |
DE4225104C1 (de) * | 1992-07-30 | 1993-12-09 | Herberts Gmbh | Überzugsmittel und dessen Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Überzügen mit rasch bearbeitbarer Oberfläche |
DE69806739T2 (de) * | 1997-03-18 | 2003-03-13 | Ciba Speciality Chemicals Holding Inc., Basel | Photoaktivierbare, stickstoff enthaltende basen auf basis von alpha-aminoalkenen |
-
2001
- 2001-03-27 KR KR1020027012713A patent/KR20020084256A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-27 CN CN01807428A patent/CN1420914A/zh active Pending
- 2001-03-27 BR BR0109538-2A patent/BR0109538A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-27 RU RU2002128750/04A patent/RU2002128750A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-27 WO PCT/EP2001/003742 patent/WO2001072910A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-27 AU AU2001258304A patent/AU2001258304A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-27 EP EP01931558A patent/EP1278804A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-03-27 JP JP2001571829A patent/JP2003528966A/ja active Pending
- 2001-03-28 US US09/820,074 patent/US20020076504A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN113366069A (zh) * | 2019-02-01 | 2021-09-07 | 湛新奥地利有限公司 | 用于水性涂料组合物的粘结剂 |
Also Published As
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EP1278804A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
KR20020084256A (ko) | 2002-11-04 |
RU2002128750A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
US20020076504A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
BR0109538A (pt) | 2003-06-10 |
AU2001258304A1 (en) | 2001-10-08 |
WO2001072910A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
JP2003528966A (ja) | 2003-09-30 |
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