CN1405443A - 流体流的混合 - Google Patents
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- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
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- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
- B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
- B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
- B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
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- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/09—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
- F02M26/10—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/36—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for adding fluids other than exhaust gas to the recirculation passage; with reformers
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
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Abstract
用来把两种流体流混合在一起的装置,包括一个在一个入口和一个出口之间运送第一流体流的第一流体管道,一个文氏管位于所述第一流体管道中介于所述入口和出口之间。文氏管包括一个向直径减小的喉部收缩的前段锥形部分和一个从喉部向出口扩张的后段扩散部分。锥形部分、喉部和扩散部分围绕一个中心轴设置。至少提供一个具有一与文氏管喉部相连通的不连续开口的混合进口,用来把第二流体流导入第一流体流中,以便所述两种流体流在它们通过文氏管扩散部分流向出口时相互混合,混合进口被设计成以这样的方向把第二流体流引入到文氏管喉部,即其方向位于一个与所述轴成90°和45°角之间的平面上,而且该方向与与该混合进口区域的文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不大于约30°。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种把两种或两种以上的流体流混合在一起形成一个单个流体的装置和方法。具体地说,但是并不仅限于此,本发明涉及在内燃机的一个废气再循环系统中的气体流的混合。
背景技术
众所周知,通过使发动机排出的部分废气再循环到发动机的进气口中能够减少内燃机氮氧化物的排放量。已知有多种这类废气再循环(EGR)系统。在EGR系统中存在的一个问题是有效地使再循环的废气流(EGR气体)和进气口的空气流混合是困难的。这可能对安装在强力进气发动机(比如涡轮增压或其他增压发动机)中的EGR系统特别地成问题,强力进气发动机可以在EGR气流和进气气流之间产生一个不利的压力差。例如,已知的EGR系统包括一个由发动机驱动的EGR泵,用来提高引入到发动机进气口的EGR气流的压力。然而,使用EGR泵带来了额外的成本和重量,并且还带来了附加的发动机功率的损失进而导致燃料消耗量的增加等不利因素。
已知的EGR系统包括一个在进气管中产生局部气压下降的文氏管。实质上,在这种系统中EGR气体是被引入到进气管中文氏管的喉部的,这样做减少了混合两种气流所需要的功。在美国专利US4426848中披露了一种这样的EGR系统。
还有一些EGR系统,在进气管中提供了一个与一EGR泵结合的文氏管,在美国专利US5937650中披露了该EGR系统的一个例子。该专利披露了一种涡轮增压发动机,其中涡轮压缩机具有二个叶轮,其中一个压缩进入的空气而另一个压缩EGR气体。然后压缩机的进气和EGR气体流在涡轮增压器的进气管后段的文氏管处进行混合。EGR气体通过一个环绕在文氏管喉部的一个集气环被导入到进气流中。
美国专利US5611203披露了一种打算用于高效涡轮增压发动机的EGR系统,但它避免使用一个EGR泵。实质上,EGR气体经过两个EGR通道与主进气流混合,这两个EGR通道会聚到进气通道中的一个叶型混合器型的喷射泵上。其所达到的泵送效率据说大约是使用一个文氏管所获得的4倍。
通常,无论EGR系统装备一个泵、一个文氏管或其他装置,它们都是需要以尽可能少的压力损失混合EGR气体和进气系流以达到最大的发动机效率。此外,两种气流必须被很好地混合以保证一种均匀的混合物到达发动机的每个气缸。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种装置和方法,以低的压力损失和良好的混合效果在一个废气再循环系统中混合气体流。然而,本发明能够应用于更广泛的领域,因而,更一般地,本发明的一个目的是提供一种有效地把两种或更多的流体流混合在一起的装置和方法。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供了一种把两种流体流混合在一起的装置,包括:
一个第一流体导管,用来在一个进口和一个出口之间运送第一流体;
一个文氏管,安装在所述进口和所述出口之间的第一流体导管中,所说文氏管包括一个向一个直径减小的喉部收缩的前段锥形部分和一个从喉部向所说出口方向扩展的后段扩散部分,此锥形部分、喉部和扩散部分围绕一个中心轴设置;
至少一个混合进口,具有一个与文氏管的喉部相通的不连续开口(discreteopening),用来将一第二流体流导入所述第一流体流,以便两种流体在它们向出口方向流过文氏管的扩散部分时相互混合;
其特征在于,所述混合进口设置成以这样的方向将所述第二流体流导入所述文氏管,该方向在与所述轴成90°至45°角的平面上,而且该方向与与混合进口区域的文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不超过大约30°。
应该理解的是,“不连续”开口是一种在任何方向上都是不连续的开口,例如,环形开口除外。
以上述的方向引导第二种流体流比现有技术装置具有一系列的优点。特别是,旋涡和混合压力损失被减小到最小,同时一种重要的涡旋成份被导入混合流中,改善在文氏管扩散器中的混合并进一步有助于减少压力的损失。这些效果将在下文中详细地说明。
优选地,第二流体流以一个与所述相切平面小于5°的角度引入(并且最好基本上是平行的)。
优选地,第二流体流也可以以与所述轴的角度大于大约60°引入。角度越大在流体流中产生的涡旋越大。在优选实施例中,第二流体流与所述轴基本上垂直的方向导入。
优选地,所述混合进口或每个混合进口,通过一个文氏管喉部壁上的相应开口与文氏管相连通,所述开口具有一小于文氏管喉部周长1/4或1/8的圆周长度,并且实际上该长度最好尽可能小来提供所需要的混合比。
在该装置的另一个实施例中,混合进口可以包含一个至少部分地环绕文氏管喉部圆周延伸的弧形通道,并且在所述弧形通道上具有一组定距离间隔的开口,以引导第二流体流在至少环绕所述文氏管喉部周长部分的不同位置进入第一流体流中。
可以理解的是,本发明的装置能够被应用于各种各样的用途,即在那些要求混合两种或两种以上的流体的地方(通过两个或两个以上的分别接收一种不同的流体的混合进口能够把两种以上的流体混合在一起)。然而,本发明特别适用于在一种不同于普通的废气再循环系统的系统中把再循环的废气与内燃机的进气流混合。在该实施例中,所述第一流体导管和文氏管将布置在发动机的空气进气道中,并且所述混合进口将与发动机废气相连接以把再循环的废气输送到文氏管的喉部。
本发明也提供了一种把两种流体流混合在一起的方法(例如一个废气再循环系统的空气进气流和再循环废气流),这种方法包括:
第一流体流流过具有一个文氏管的第一流体导管,所述文氏管具有一个向一直径减小的喉部逐渐收缩的前段锥体部分和一个从喉部向一出口处逐渐扩张的后段扩散部分;
通过一个在文氏管喉部附近的不连续开口(discrete opening)将第二流体流引入第一流体流中,以便两种流体在它们一起流向所述出口时在文氏管扩散部分中相混合;
其特征在于,所述第二流体流以这样的方向引入到第一流体流中,即其方向位于一个与流过文氏管的所述第一流体流流动的方向成90°和45°角之间的平面上,而且其方向与两种流体流相遇区域的文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不大于约30°。
附图说明
现在将参考附图,对本发明的具体实施例进行描述,所述实施例仅作为例子,其中:
图1是一个涡轮增压发动机和包括一个文氏管的EGR系统的示意图;
图2是一个根据本发明第一实施例的可用于图1所示EGR系统的一个文氏管装置的透视图;
图3是一个通过图2中文氏管装置喉部的截面图;
图4示出了在图2和图3的文氏管中气体混合的情况;
图5至8都是本发明的四种优选实施例的截面图;
具体实施方式
参照附图,图1示出了一个具有一个进气总管2和一个排气总管3的内燃机1。一个主排气导管4把废气从排气道管经过涡轮增压器7的一个涡轮6送到一个排气出口5。涡轮增压器压气机8压缩从进气口9吸进的空气并把这种气体经由一个二次冷却器11通过进气导管10送到进气总管2。
EGR系统包括一个EGR气体导管12,它从排气总管3(或主废气导管4)取得废气并把废气通过一个EGR冷却器13和EGR控制阀14送到进气导管10中。EGR气体流在位于进气导管10中的文氏管15的喉部被导入进气空气流中。
图1中所描述的发动机和EGR系统只是一个典型系统的基本组件的一个例子。本发明在于其特殊的方法,即EGR气体流在文氏管15中与进气气流相混合。
图2和图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的文氏管15的第一实施例。所示的文氏管包括一个向喉部17逐渐变细的前段锥形部分16和一个后段扩散部分18。当吸入的空气流过文氏管时,随着气流在前段锥形部分16中流速被加快,进气压力随之下降,在文氏管的喉部17处压力达到最小,然后当气体流到后段扩散部分18中时压力再次增加。因此,文氏管喉部17处在进气气流中形成一个局部的低气压。
EGR气体通过两个径向相对的EGR气体进气道19和20在文氏管的喉部17处被导入进气气流中。EGR气体进气道19和20被设置成,将EGR气体在一个与主进气气流相垂直并与文氏管喉部17相切的方向导入到文氏管中(每个进气口19和20以同样的圆周方向引导EGR气体)。切向的EGR气体流将一涡旋成分导入流过文氏管扩散部分18的合成气流。如图4所示。
以相切的方式在主进气气流中导入EGR气体具有很多益处。在EGR气体和进气气体流两种流体相遇的地方,产生较高的垂直应力,促使其彻底混合。由于有效地增加了由涡旋运动所产生的气体流路径长度,也改善了在文氏管15扩散部分18中的混合效果。
涡动的另一个好处是改善了合成气体流的扩散。在缺少任何有效涡动的情况下,随着向发动机传送的进气气流的合成压力下降,气流具有与扩散部分18的内壁相分离的趋势。然而由涡动产生的向心力使气流附着在扩散部分的管壁上,改善了扩散过程,并因而把压力损失减小到最小。本发明的测试已经表明,与没有垂直分量的气流相比,在圆锥形的扩散器里的气流中产生一个8°到16°的垂直分量足以显著地改善扩散过程。
在图2和3所示的本发明实施例中,EGR气体进气口19和20具有一种扁平的矩形结构,以提高导入文氏管喉部17的EGR气体的切向特性。然而,可以理解的是,也可以采用其他类型的进气口结构,包括简单的管状导管。当然,导引EGR气体流与主进气流相切的进气口本身没必要必须相切。
然而EGR气体流最好至少基本上与文氏管15相切,EGR气体流能够具有一个径向成分(相对于文氏管的轴)并仍能够提供超过现有技术装置的优点。优选地,其从切线方向的偏差少于5°,然而更大的偏差,从切线方向最大可达大约30°,仍然可以给出满意的结果。
同样地,EGR气流没必要完全与通过文氏管的主进气流相垂直,但是可具有一个轴向分量(也是相对于文氏管的轴)。任何这种轴向分量将减少涡动效果,但是一个最大可达到45°的角度仍然可以引起足够的涡旋以提供对现有技术装置的有效改进。
也可以理解的是对文氏管15确切的形式是可以进行各种的修改。例如,锥形部分16的角度和扩散部分18的角度是可以改变的,同样地喉部17的长度也可以改变。这种修改对熟悉本领域技术的人而言将是显而易见的。
应该理解的是,可以具有多于或少于2个EGR气体进口。图5到8示出了本发明的具有不同的数量和形式的EGR气体进口的多个优选实施例。
图5显示了一个具有一单个相切的EGR气体进口22的文氏管喉部21的截面图。这种装置与图3和图4所示装有两个进气口的装置相比的一个缺点是,随着复合气流从扩散壁的分离,在气体流中产生不对称,从而减少了气流中涡动作用的有益作用。因此,最好在直径方向的相对位置上具有多个EGR气体进口。例如,图6示出了一个具有4个这样的在两个直径上相对对的进口的实施例。
图7示出了一个通过具有一个EGR气体进口的文氏管喉部25的截面图,这个EGR气体进口包含一个切向部分26和一个围绕文氏管喉部25的环状部分27。环状部分27具有环形排列的喷口,每个喷口的角度都引导EGR气体在大致与文氏管喉部相切的方向上。图8示出了该装置的一种变形。在图8所示的装置中,EGR进口包括一个相切部分28和一个部分地围绕着文氏管喉部30的弧形部分29,并且在弧形部分上装备有一组喷口31以引导EGR气体与文氏管喉部相切。
虽然上文中所描述的本发明应用在一个废气再循环系统中,但是可以理解的是本发明能够被应用到更广泛的范围内。因此,本发明能够用于在任何需要有效的混合流体流的场合,不论气体的和液体的,例如,在化工处理工业中。在这类应用中本发明可以被用来混合两种以上不同的流体流。例如,一个如图7的实施例可以被用于把5种不同的流体流混合为单一的流体。
Claims (20)
1、用于混合两种流体流的装置,包括:
一第一流体管道,用于在一进口和一出口之间运送第一流体流;
一个文氏管,位于所述第一流体管道的所述进口和所述出口之间,该文氏管包括一个向直径减小的喉部收敛的前段锥形部分和一个从喉部向所述出口扩张的后段扩散部分,锥形部分、喉部和扩散部分围绕一个中心轴设置;
至少一个具有不连续开口的混合进口与文氏管的喉部相连,用来把第二流体流导入到所述第一流体流中,以便这两种流体在其通过文氏管扩散部分流向出口时进行混合;
其特征在于,所述混合进口设置成以这样的方向将所述第二流体流导入所述文氏管,即该方向在与所述轴成90°至45°角的平面上,而且该方向与混合进口区域的文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不超过大约30°。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体流以一与所述切向平面小于5°的角度引入。
3、根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体流基本上以与所述切向平面平行的方向引入。
4、根据任何前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体流是以一与所述轴成大于大约60°角的方向引入的。
5、根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体流是以一与所述轴成大于大约85°角的方向引入。
6、根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二流体流以与所述轴基本上垂直的方向导入。
7、根据任何前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述混合进口或每个混合进口通过文氏管喉部壁上的相应开口与文氏管相连通,其开口具有小于文氏管喉部周长1/4的圆周长度。
8、根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述混合进口或每个混合进口通过文氏管喉部壁上的相应开口与文氏管相连通,其开口具有小于文氏管喉部周长1/8的圆周长度。
9、根据任何前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述混合进口或每个混合进口通过文氏管喉部壁上的相应开口与文氏管相连通,其开口的轴向长度大于其圆周长度。
10、根据任何前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,包括至少一对与文氏管喉部相连通的所述混合进口,其在文氏管喉部直径方向的相对位置上。
11、根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,包括两对等间隔地环绕在文氏管喉部圆周上的混合进口。
12、根据任何前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述混合进口或每个混合进口包括一个与文氏管喉部壁上的一个开口相连通的基本上平直的管道。
13、根据权利要求1至6中任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,混合进口包括一个至少部分环绕文氏管喉部延伸的弧形通道,并且在所述弧形通道上具有一组定距离间隔的不连续开口,以引导第二流体流从至少环绕文氏管喉部圆周的所述部分的不同位置进入第一流体流。
14、根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,包括一排导流片,所述导流片位于所述弧形通道,引导第二流体流通过圆周上相邻导流片所限定的开口。
15、一种用于内燃机的废气再循环系统,包括前述所有权利要求所述的装置,并且其中所述第一流体导管是发动机的一个空气进口导管,而所述混合进口从发动机废气中接收再循环废气。
16、一种把两种流体流混合在一起的方法,该方法包括:
使第一流体流流过安装有一个文氏管的第一流体管道,文氏管具有一个向直径减小的喉部收敛的前段锥形部分和一个从喉部向一个出口扩张的后段扩散部分;
通过文氏管喉部区域的一个不连续开口将第二流体流导入第一流体流中,所以两种流体流在文氏管扩张部分内混合,这样它们一起流向所说出口;
其特征在于,所述第二流体流以这样的方向被引入到第一流体流中,即该方向位于一个与流过文氏管的所述第一流体流的流动方向成90°和45°角之间的平面上,而且该方向与两种流体流相遇区域的所述文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不大于约30°。
17、一种在一内燃机废气再循环系统中把空气进气流和废气再循环气流混合在一起的方法,该方法包括:
空气进气流流过一个文氏管,该文氏管具有一个向直径减少的喉部逐渐变细的前段部分和一个从所述喉部扩张的后段扩散部分;
在所述文氏管喉部区域,通过一个或多个混合进口把再循环废气导入该进气口空气流中;
其特征在于,所述第二流体流是被以这样的方向被引入到第一流体流中,即该方向位于一个与流过文氏管的所述第一流体流流动的方向成90°和45°角之间的平面上,而且该方向与两种流体流相遇区域的文氏管喉部相切的平面的角度不大于约30°。
18、用于混合至少两种流体流的装置,基本上如上文参考附图所述。
19、一种废气再循环系统,基本上如上文参考附图所述。
20、一种混合两种流体流的方法,基本上如上文参考附图所述。
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- 2002-06-04 US US10/161,834 patent/US20030015596A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-04 KR KR1020020031345A patent/KR20020092835A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-06-04 JP JP2002162953A patent/JP2003003910A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0113735D0 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
JP2003003910A (ja) | 2003-01-08 |
KR20020092835A (ko) | 2002-12-12 |
US20030015596A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
EP1264981A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
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